$foo$
$a \dots
b$
\(foo\)
\(a \dots
b\)
\[foo\]
\[a \dots
b\]

\begin{equation}foo\end{equation}
\begin{equation}a \dots
b\end{equation}
\begin{math}foo\end{math}
\begin{math}a \dots
b\end{math}
\begin{eqnarray}foo\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}a \dots
b\end{eqnarray}
\begin{align}foo\end{align}
\begin{align*}a \dots
b\end{align*}
\begin{multline}foo\end{multline}
\begin{multline}a \dots
b\end{multline}
\begin{gather}foo\end{gather}
\begin{gather}a \dots
b\end{gather}

----------------------------------------------------

[
	["equation", ["$foo$"]],
	["equation", [
		"$a ",
		["equation-command", "\\dots"],
		"\r\nb$"
	]],
	["equation", ["\\(foo\\)"]],
	["equation", [
		"\\(a ",
		["equation-command", "\\dots"],
		"\r\nb\\)"
	]],
	["equation", ["\\[foo\\]"]],
	["equation", [
		"\\[a ",
		["equation-command", "\\dots"],
		"\r\nb\\]"
	]],

	["function", "\\begin"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "equation"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["equation", ["foo"]],
	["function", "\\end"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "equation"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["function", "\\begin"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "equation"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["equation", ["a ", ["equation-command", "\\dots"], "\r\nb"]],
	["function", "\\end"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "equation"], ["punctuation", "}"],

	["function", "\\begin"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "math"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["equation", ["foo"]],
	["function", "\\end"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "math"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["function", "\\begin"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "math"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["equation", ["a ", ["equation-command", "\\dots"], "\r\nb"]],
	["function", "\\end"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "math"], ["punctuation", "}"],

	["function", "\\begin"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "eqnarray"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["equation", ["foo"]],
	["function", "\\end"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "eqnarray"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["function", "\\begin"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "eqnarray"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["equation", ["a ", ["equation-command", "\\dots"], "\r\nb"]],
	["function", "\\end"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "eqnarray"], ["punctuation", "}"],

	["function", "\\begin"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "align"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["equation", ["foo"]],
	["function", "\\end"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "align"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["function", "\\begin"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "align*"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["equation", ["a ", ["equation-command", "\\dots"], "\r\nb"]],
	["function", "\\end"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "align*"], ["punctuation", "}"],

	["function", "\\begin"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "multline"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["equation", ["foo"]],
	["function", "\\end"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "multline"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["function", "\\begin"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "multline"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["equation", ["a ", ["equation-command", "\\dots"], "\r\nb"]],
	["function", "\\end"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "multline"], ["punctuation", "}"],

	["function", "\\begin"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "gather"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["equation", ["foo"]],
	["function", "\\end"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "gather"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["function", "\\begin"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "gather"], ["punctuation", "}"],
	["equation", ["a ", ["equation-command", "\\dots"], "\r\nb"]],
	["function", "\\end"], ["punctuation", "{"],
	["keyword", "gather"], ["punctuation", "}"]
]

----------------------------------------------------

Checks for equations.