Linux基础：如何找出你的系统所支持的最大内存
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![](https://1102047360.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/RAM-790x527.jpg)

大多数情况下你可以从BIOS、产品目录或者干脆手动找出你的系统所持的最大内存。这里，我们介绍一种简单有用的技巧——使用Dmidecode来找出系统支持的最大内存，这样你就无需打开机箱或者参照BIOS和产品目录了。

### 什么是 Dmidecode? ###

就像你可能知道的一样， **Dmidecode**是一个将计算机DMI（又名SMBIOS）表的内容转换为可读格式的工具。这个表包含了系统硬件组件的介绍以及其他一些如序列号和IOS版本等有用的信息。使用Dmidecode你能够获取此项信息，而无需去探测真实的硬件。

### 找出你的系统所支持的最大内存 ###

请确定你已经在系统中安装了dmidecode，我觉得你的操作系统应该已经自动安装过了，不过并不非常确定。

**在基于Deb的系统中安装**

    sudo apt-get install dmidecode

**在基于RPM的系统中安装**

    sudo yum install dmidecode

**在SUSE/openSUSE中安装**

    sudo zypper in dmidecode

好了，我们已经安装了dmidecode，接下来让我们找出支持的最大内存。输入以下命令：

    sudo dmidecode -t 16

**输出样本**

    # dmidecode 2.12
    SMBIOS 2.6 present.
    
    Handle 0x0014, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
    Physical Memory Array
        Location: System Board Or Motherboard
        Use: System Memory
        Error Correction Type: None
        Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Number Of Devices: 2

就像你看到的，我的系统支持最大内存到16G，并且有两个内存插槽，简单吧？

接下来，让我们找出现在已经安装的内存的详细信息。

    sudo dmidecode -t 17

**输出样本**

    # dmidecode 2.12
    SMBIOS 2.6 present.
    
    Handle 0x0017, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
    Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x0014
        Error Information Handle: 0x0000
        Total Width: Unknown
        Data Width: Unknown
        Size: No Module Installed
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: None
        Locator: DIMM_B
        Bank Locator: BANK 2
        Type: Unknown
        Type Detail: None
        Speed: Unknown
        Manufacturer: Not Specified
        Serial Number: Not Specified
        Asset Tag: Not Specified
        Part Number: Not Specified
        Rank: Unknown
    
    Handle 0x0015, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
    Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x0014
        Error Information Handle: 0x0000
        Total Width: 64 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: 4096 MB
        Form Factor: SODIMM
        Set: None
        Locator: DIMM_A
        Bank Locator: BANK 0
        Type: DDR3
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: 1067 MHz
        Manufacturer: 014F
        Serial Number: 00092AF2
        Asset Tag: 54114000     
        Part Number: JM1066KSN-4G      
        Rank: Unknown

就像上边输出的一样，我在插槽1里边安装了一个内存条。内存大小为**4G**，类型为**DDR3**，速度为**1067 MHz**。

同样的，我们可以通过下边命令得到完整的内存信息。

    sudo dmidecode -t memory
    sudo dmidecode -t memory | less
    sudo dmidecode -t memory | more

**输出样本**

    # dmidecode 2.12
    SMBIOS 2.6 present.
    
    Handle 0x0014, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
    Physical Memory Array
        Location: System Board Or Motherboard
        Use: System Memory
        Error Correction Type: None
        Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Number Of Devices: 2
    
    Handle 0x0017, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
    Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x0014
        Error Information Handle: 0x0000
        Total Width: Unknown
        Data Width: Unknown
        Size: No Module Installed
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: None
        Locator: DIMM_B
        Bank Locator: BANK 2
        Type: Unknown
        Type Detail: None
        Speed: Unknown
        Manufacturer: Not Specified
        Serial Number: Not Specified
        Asset Tag: Not Specified
        Part Number: Not Specified
        Rank: Unknown
    
    Handle 0x0015, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
    Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x0014
        Error Information Handle: 0x0000
        Total Width: 64 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: 4096 MB
        Form Factor: SODIMM
        Set: None
        Locator: DIMM_A
        Bank Locator: BANK 0
        Type: DDR3
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: 1067 MHz
        Manufacturer: 014F
        Serial Number: 00092AF2
        Asset Tag: 54114000     
        Part Number: JM1066KSN-4G      
        Rank: Unknown

如果你好奇想要知道整个系统的详细信息，例如主板、内存、BIOS等，那么可以输入以下命令来获取。

    sudo dmidecode

**输出样本**

    # dmidecode 2.12
    SMBIOS 2.6 present.
    48 structures occupying 2173 bytes.
    Table at 0x000EB840.
    
    Handle 0xDA00, DMI type 218, 251 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            DA FB 00 DA B2 00 0D 5F 0F 37 40 7D 00 00 00 00
            00 7E 00 01 00 00 00 DC 01 00 80 02 00 DD 01 00
            80 03 00 75 01 01 80 01 00 76 01 02 80 01 00 2D
            01 03 80 01 00 2E 01 03 80 00 00 81 01 07 80 00
            00 82 01 07 80 01 00 83 01 08 80 00 00 84 01 08
            80 01 00 85 01 06 80 00 00 86 01 06 80 01 00 58
            02 05 80 00 00 57 02 05 80 01 00 9C 00 02 00 01
            00 9B 00 02 00 00 00 8A 01 03 00 01 00 89 01 03
            00 00 00 7F 01 04 00 00 00 80 01 04 00 01 00 53
            01 05 00 00 00 52 01 05 00 01 00 7B 01 06 00 00
            00 7C 01 06 00 01 00 94 01 07 00 00 00 93 01 07
            00 01 00 7D 00 08 00 00 00 2D 00 09 00 01 00 2E
            00 09 00 00 00 6E 00 0A 00 00 00 95 00 0B 00 01
            00 96 00 0B 00 00 00 2F 02 0C 00 01 00 30 02 0C
            00 00 00 50 02 0D 00 00 00 51 02 0D 00 01 00 52
            02 0D 00 02 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00
    
    Handle 0xDA01, DMI type 218, 59 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            DA 3B 01 DA B2 00 0D 5F 0F 37 40 53 02 0D 00 03
            00 54 02 0D 00 04 00 56 02 0D 00 05 00 4B 01 0E
            00 01 00 4A 01 0E 00 00 00 EA 00 0F 00 01 00 EB
            00 0F 00 00 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00
    
    Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 42 bytes
    Processor Information
        Socket Designation: CPU 1
        Type: Central Processor
        Family: Core i3
        Manufacturer: Intel            
        ID: A7 06 03 01 FF FB AB BE
        Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 42, Stepping 7
        Flags:
            FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
            VME (Virtual mode extension)
            DE (Debugging extension)
            PSE (Page size extension)
            TSC (Time stamp counter)
            MSR (Model specific registers)
            PAE (Physical address extension)
            MCE (Machine check exception)
            CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
            APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
            SEP (Fast system call)
            MTRR (Memory type range registers)
            PGE (Page global enable)
            MCA (Machine check architecture)
            CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
            PAT (Page attribute table)
            PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
            CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
            DS (Debug store)
            ACPI (ACPI supported)
            MMX (MMX technology supported)
            FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
            SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
            SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
            SS (Self-snoop)
            HTT (Multi-threading)
            TM (Thermal monitor supported)
            PBE (Pending break enabled)
        Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2350M CPU @ 2.30GHz       
        Voltage: 1.1 V
        External Clock: 100 MHz
        Max Speed: 2300 MHz
        Current Speed: 2300 MHz
        Status: Populated, Enabled
        Upgrade: Other
        L1 Cache Handle: 0x0005
        L2 Cache Handle: 0x0006
        L3 Cache Handle: 0x0007
        Serial Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
        Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
        Part Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
        Core Count: 2
        Core Enabled: 1
        Thread Count: 2
        Characteristics:
            64-bit capable
    
    Handle 0x0005, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
    Cache Information
        Socket Designation: L1-Cache
        Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1
        Operational Mode: Write Back
        Location: Internal
        Installed Size: 64 kB
        Maximum Size: 64 kB
        Supported SRAM Types:
            Other
        Installed SRAM Type: Other
        Speed: Unknown
        Error Correction Type: None
        System Type: Unified
        Associativity: 8-way Set-associative
    
    Handle 0x0006, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
    Cache Information
        Socket Designation: L2-Cache
        Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 2
        Operational Mode: Varies With Memory Address
        Location: Internal
        Installed Size: 512 kB
        Maximum Size: 512 kB
        Supported SRAM Types:
            Other
        Installed SRAM Type: Other
        Speed: Unknown
        Error Correction Type: None
        System Type: Unified
        Associativity: 8-way Set-associative
    
    Handle 0x0007, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
    Cache Information
        Socket Designation: L3-Cache
        Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 3
        Operational Mode: Varies With Memory Address
        Location: Internal
        Installed Size: 3072 kB
        Maximum Size: 3072 kB
        Supported SRAM Types:
            Other
        Installed SRAM Type: Other
        Speed: Unknown
        Error Correction Type: None
        System Type: Unified
        Associativity: Other
    
    Handle 0x0008, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
    Port Connector Information
        Internal Reference Designator: J1A1
        Internal Connector Type: None
        External Reference Designator: PS2Mouse
        External Connector Type: PS/2
        Port Type: Mouse Port
    
    Handle 0x0009, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
    Port Connector Information
        Internal Reference Designator: J1A1
        Internal Connector Type: None
        External Reference Designator: Keyboard
        External Connector Type: PS/2
        Port Type: Keyboard Port
    
    Handle 0x000A, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
    Port Connector Information
        Internal Reference Designator: J2A2B
        Internal Connector Type: None
        External Reference Designator: Video
        External Connector Type: DB-15 female
        Port Type: Video Port
    
    Handle 0x000B, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
    Port Connector Information
        Internal Reference Designator: J3A1
        Internal Connector Type: None
        External Reference Designator: USB1
        External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
        Port Type: USB
    
    Handle 0x000C, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
    Port Connector Information
        Internal Reference Designator: J3A1
        Internal Connector Type: None
        External Reference Designator: USB2
        External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
        Port Type: USB
    
    Handle 0x000D, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
    Port Connector Information
        Internal Reference Designator: J3A1
        Internal Connector Type: None
        External Reference Designator: USB3
        External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
        Port Type: USB
    
    Handle 0x000E, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
    Port Connector Information
        Internal Reference Designator: J5A1
        Internal Connector Type: None
        External Reference Designator: LAN
        External Connector Type: RJ-45
        Port Type: Network Port
    
    Handle 0x000F, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
    System Slot Information
        Designation: J6B2
        Type: x16 PCI Express
        Current Usage: In Use
        Length: Long
        ID: 0
        Characteristics:
            3.3 V is provided
            Opening is shared
            PME signal is supported
        Bus Address: 0000:00:01.0
    
    Handle 0x0010, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
    System Slot Information
        Designation: J6B1
        Type: x1 PCI Express
        Current Usage: In Use
        Length: Short
        ID: 1
        Characteristics:
            3.3 V is provided
            Opening is shared
            PME signal is supported
        Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.3
    
    Handle 0x0012, DMI type 11, 5 bytes
    OEM Strings
        String 1: Dell System
        String 2: 5[0003]
        String 3: 13[P18F]
    
    Handle 0x0013, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
    System Configuration Options
        Option 1: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
    
    Handle 0x001C, DMI type 21, 7 bytes
    Built-in Pointing Device
        Type: Touch Pad
        Interface: Bus Mouse
        Buttons: 2
    
    Handle 0x001D, DMI type 22, 26 bytes
    Portable Battery
        Location: Sys. Battery Bay
        Manufacturer: Sanyo              
        Serial Number: 5390     
        Name: DELL 4YRJH22
        Chemistry: Lithium Ion
        Design Capacity: 45000 mWh
        Design Voltage: 10800 mV
        SBDS Version: 1.0                
        Maximum Error: 2%
        SBDS Manufacture Date: 2012-02-28
        OEM-specific Information: 0x00000001
    
    Handle 0x001E, DMI type 32, 20 bytes
    System Boot Information
        Status: No errors detected
    
    Handle 0x0020, DMI type 27, 12 bytes
    Cooling Device
        Type: Fan
        Status: OK
        OEM-specific Information: 0x00000000
    
    Handle 0x0021, DMI type 28, 20 bytes
    Temperature Probe
        Description: CPU Internal Temperature
        Location: Processor
        Status: OK
        Maximum Value: 127.0 deg C
        Minimum Value: 0.0 deg C
        Resolution: 1.000 deg C
        Tolerance: 0.5 deg C
        Accuracy: Unknown
        OEM-specific Information: 0x00000000
    
    Handle 0xB000, DMI type 176, 5 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            B0 05 00 B0 00
    
    Handle 0xB100, DMI type 177, 12 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            B1 0C 00 B1 1A 0E 00 00 00 00 00 00
    
    Handle 0x0025, DMI type 209, 12 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            D1 0C 25 00 00 00 00 03 05 01 00 03
    
    Handle 0x0026, DMI type 210, 12 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            D2 0C 26 00 00 00 00 03 05 20 01 03
    
    Handle 0x0027, DMI type 211, 13 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            D3 0D 27 00 01 00 00 00 00 02 03 04 04
        Strings:
            Front               
    
    Handle 0x0028, DMI type 212, 57 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            D4 39 28 00 70 00 71 00 01 49 50 48 9C 00 49 FC
            01 9B 00 49 FC 00 7F 01 4A FB 04 80 01 4A FB 00
            53 01 4A F7 08 52 01 4A F7 08 7B 01 4A EF 10 7C
            01 4A EF 10 FF FF 00 00 00
    
    Handle 0x002A, DMI type 217, 8 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            D9 08 2A 00 01 02 00 00
        Strings:                                       
    
    Handle 0x002B, DMI type 219, 11 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            DB 0B 2B 00 00 01 02 03 00 04 05
        Strings:                                                                                                    
    
    Handle 0x002C, DMI type 220, 22 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            DC 16 2C 00 01 F0 00 00 02 F0 00 00 00 00 03 F0
            04 F0 00 00 00 00
    
    Handle 0x002D, DMI type 221, 19 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            DD 13 2D 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00
            00 00 00
    
    Handle 0x002E, DMI type 222, 16 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            DE 10 2E 00 01 08 FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
    
    Handle 0x0014, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
    Physical Memory Array
        Location: System Board Or Motherboard
        Use: System Memory
        Error Correction Type: None
        Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Number Of Devices: 2
    
    Handle 0x0016, DMI type 20, 19 bytes
    Memory Device Mapped Address
        Starting Address: 0x00000000000
        Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF
        Range Size: 4 GB
        Physical Device Handle: 0x0015
        Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x0018
        Partition Row Position: 1
        Interleave Position: 1
        Interleaved Data Depth: 1
    
    Handle 0x0017, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
    Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x0014
        Error Information Handle: 0x0000
        Total Width: Unknown
        Data Width: Unknown
        Size: No Module Installed
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: None
        Locator: DIMM_B
        Bank Locator: BANK 2
        Type: Unknown
        Type Detail: None
        Speed: Unknown
        Manufacturer: Not Specified
        Serial Number: Not Specified
        Asset Tag: Not Specified
        Part Number: Not Specified
        Rank: Unknown
    
    Handle 0x0018, DMI type 19, 15 bytes
    Memory Array Mapped Address
        Starting Address: 0x00000000000
        Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF
        Range Size: 4 GB
        Physical Array Handle: 0x0014
        Partition Width: 2
    
    Handle 0x002F, DMI type 13, 22 bytes
    BIOS Language Information
        Language Description Format: Abbreviated
        Installable Languages: 1
            eng
            Currently Installed Language: eng
    
    Handle 0x0030, DMI type 131, 64 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            83 40 30 00 31 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
            F8 00 4B 1C FF FF FF FF 01 00 00 00 00 00 07 00
            AD 04 04 00 00 00 00 00 C8 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00
            00 00 00 00 32 00 00 00 76 50 72 6F 00 00 00 00
    
    Handle 0x0029, DMI type 216, 9 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            D8 09 29 00 01 02 01 00 00
        Strings:
            INTEL
            0000
    
    Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
    BIOS Information
        Vendor: Dell Inc.
        Version: A05
        Release Date: 08/03/2012
        Address: 0xF0000
        Runtime Size: 64 kB
        ROM Size: 2048 kB
        Characteristics:
            MCA is supported
            PCI is supported
            BIOS is upgradeable
            BIOS shadowing is allowed
            ESCD support is available
            Boot from CD is supported
            Selectable boot is supported
            BIOS ROM is socketed
            EDD is supported
            5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
            3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
            3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
            Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
            8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
            Serial services are supported (int 14h)
            Printer services are supported (int 17h)
            CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
            ACPI is supported
            USB legacy is supported
            ATAPI Zip drive boot is supported
            BIOS boot specification is supported
            Targeted content distribution is supported
        BIOS Revision: 0.5
        Firmware Revision: 0.5

    Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes
    Base Board Information
        Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
        Product Name: 01HXXJ
        Version: A05
        Serial Number: .JSQ7PA1.CN7117623M00J2.
        Asset Tag: Not Specified
        Features:
            Board is a hosting board
            Board is replaceable
        Location In Chassis: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
        Chassis Handle: 0x0003
        Type: Motherboard
        Contained Object Handles: 0
    
    Handle 0x0003, DMI type 3, 21 bytes
    Chassis Information
        Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
        Type: Portable
        Lock: Not Present
        Version: Not Specified
        Serial Number: JSR1
        Asset Tag: Not Specified
        Boot-up State: Safe
        Power Supply State: Safe
        Thermal State: Safe
        Security Status: None
        OEM Information: 0x00000000
        Height: Unspecified
        Number Of Power Cords: 1
        Contained Elements: 0
    
    Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
    System Information
        Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
        Product Name: Inspiron N5050
        Version: Not Specified
        Serial Number: JSR1
        UUID: 4C4C4544-0053-5110-8029-CAC05241
        Wake-up Type: Power Switch
        SKU Number: To be filled by O.E.M.
        Family:                       
    
    Handle 0x0024, DMI type 208, 12 bytes
    OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
            D0 0C 24 00 02 05 FE 00 04 05 01 02
        Strings:
            20120323
            20120323
    
    Handle 0x0011, DMI type 10, 6 bytes
    On Board Device Information
        Type: Video
        Status: Enabled
        Description: Mobile Intel SandyBridge HD Graphics
    
    Handle 0x0015, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
    Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x0014
        Error Information Handle: 0x0000
        Total Width: 64 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: 4096 MB
        Form Factor: SODIMM
        Set: None
        Locator: DIMM_A
        Bank Locator: BANK 0
        Type: DDR3
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: 1067 MHz
        Manufacturer: 014F
        Serial Number: 0009F2
        Asset Tag: 54114000     
        Part Number: JM1066-4G      
        Rank: Unknown
    
    Handle 0x0031, DMI type 127, 4 bytes
    End Of Table

好了，就是这样。周末愉快！

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via: https://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-how-to-find-maximum-supported-ram-by-your-system/

作者：[SK][0]
译者：[mr-ping](https://github.com/mr-ping)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)

本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

[0]:https://www.unixmen.com/author/sk/
