From 027e2e5c193904dcaea6da1df53d463d204f88c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: zhangkun Date: Sun, 24 May 2015 17:56:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] translation finished --- ... Manage 'Suse' Linux Package Management.md | 767 ------------------ 1 file changed, 767 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20150512 45 Zypper Commands to Manage 'Suse' Linux Package Management.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20150512 45 Zypper Commands to Manage 'Suse' Linux Package Management.md b/sources/tech/20150512 45 Zypper Commands to Manage 'Suse' Linux Package Management.md deleted file mode 100644 index bfd3eeeaf5..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20150512 45 Zypper Commands to Manage 'Suse' Linux Package Management.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,767 +0,0 @@ -45 个用于 ‘Suse‘ Linux 包管理的 Zypper 命令 -====================================================================== -SUSE（ Software and System Entwicklung，即软件和系统开发。其中‘entwicklung‘是德语，意为开发）Linux是 Novell 公司在 Linux 内核基础上发布的操作系统。SUSE Linux 有两个发行分支。其中之一名为 OpenSUSE，这是一款自由而且免费的操作系统。该系统由开源社区开发维护，支持一些最新版本的应用软件，其最新的稳定版本为 13.2。 - -另外一个分支是SUSE Linux 企业版。该分支是一个为企业及商业化产品设计的 Linux 发行版，包含了大量的企业应用以及适用于商业产品生产环境的特性。其最新的稳定版本为 12。 - -以下的链接包含了安装企业版 SUSE Linux 服务器的详细信息。 - -- [如何安装企业版 SUSE Linux 12][1] - -Zypper 和 Yast 是 SUSE Linux 平台上的软件包管理工具，他们的底层使用了 RPM（译者注：RPM 最初指 Redhat Pacakge Manager ，现普遍解释为递归短语 RPM Package Manager 的缩写）。 - -Yast（Yet another Setup Tool ）是 OpenSUSE 以及企业版 SUSE 上用于系统管理、设置和配置的工具。 - -Zypper 是软件包管理器ZYpp的命令行接口，可用于安装、删除SUSE Linux上的软件以及进行系统更新。ZYpp为Zypper和Yast提供底层支持。 - -本文将介绍实际应用中常见的一些Zypper命令。这些命令用来进行安装、更新、删除等任何软件包管理器所能够胜任的工作。 - -**重要** : 切记所有的这些指令都将在系统全局范围内产生影响，所以必须以 root 身份执行，否则命令将失败。 - -### 获取基本的 Zypper 帮助信息 ### - -1. 不带任何选项的执行 zypper, 将输出该命令的全局选项以及子命令列表（译者注：全局选项，global option，控制台命令的输入分为可选参数和位置参数两大类。按照习惯，一般可选参数称为选项'option'，而位置参数称为参数 'argument'）。 - - 
%>  zypper
-        Usage:
-        zypper [--global-options]
- -2. 获取一个具体的子命令的帮助信息，比如 'in' (install)，可以执行下面的命令 - - 
%> zypper help in
- 或者 - 
%> zypper help install
-    install (in) [options] {capability | rpm_file_uri}
-    
-    Install packages with specified capabilities or RPM files with specified
-    location. A capability is NAME[.ARCH][OP], where OP is one
-    of <, <=, =, >=, >.
-    
-      Command options:
-    --from     Select packages from the specified repository.
-    -r, --repo     Load only the specified repository.
-    -t, --type            Type of package (package, patch, pattern, product, srcpackage).
-                                Default: package.
-    -n, --name                  Select packages by plain name, not by capability.
-    -C, --capability            Select packages by capability.
-    -f, --force                 Install even if the item is already installed (reinstall),
-                                downgraded or changes vendor or architecture.
-        --oldpackage            Allow to replace a newer item with an older one.
-                                Handy if you are doing a rollback. Unlike --force
-    j                            it will not enforce a reinstall.
-        --replacefiles          Install the packages even if they replace files from other,
-                                already installed, packages. Default is to treat file conflicts
-                                as an error. --download-as-needed disables the fileconflict check.
-    ......
- -3. 安装之前搜索一个安转包（以 gnome-desktop 为例 ） - - 
# zypper se gnome-desktop
-    
-    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done]
-    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done]
-    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ......................................................... [done]
-    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]
-    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' metadata ..............................................................[done]
-    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' cache ...................................................................[done]
-    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' metadata ...........................................................[done]
-    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' cache ................................................................[done]
-    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' metadata ...................................................[done]
-    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' cache ........................................................[done]
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    
-    S | Name                                  | Summary                                                   | Type
-    --+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----------
-      | gnome-desktop2-lang                   | Languages for package gnome-desktop2                      | package
-      | gnome-desktop2                        | The GNOME Desktop API Library                             | package
-      | libgnome-desktop-2-17                 | The GNOME Desktop API Library                             | package
-      | libgnome-desktop-3-10                 | The GNOME Desktop API Library                             | package
-      | libgnome-desktop-3-devel              | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files        | package
-      | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common           | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Common data files        | package
-      | gnome-desktop-debugsource             | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop                   | package
-      | gnome-desktop-sharp2-debugsource      | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop-sharp2            | package
-      | gnome-desktop2-debugsource            | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop2                  | package
-      | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo       | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17       | package
-      | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo       | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10       | package
-      | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | package
-      | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17       | package
-      | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10       | package
-      | gnome-desktop-sharp2                  | Mono bindings for libgnome-desktop                        | package
-      | libgnome-desktop-2-devel              | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files        | packag
-      | gnome-desktop-lang                    | Languages for package gnome-desktop                       | package
-      | libgnome-desktop-2-17-32bit           | The GNOME Desktop API Library                             | package
-      | libgnome-desktop-3-10-32bit           | The GNOME Desktop API Library                             | package
-      | gnome-desktop                         | The GNOME Desktop API Library                             | srcpackage
- -4. 获取一个模式包的信息（以 lamp_server 为例）。 - - 
%> zypper info -t pattern lamp_server
-    
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    
-    
-    Information for pattern lamp_server:
-    ------------------------------------
-    Repository: openSUSE-13.2-Update
-    Name: lamp_server
-    Version: 20141007-5.1
-    Arch: x86_64
-    Vendor: openSUSE
-    Installed: No
-    Visible to User: Yes
-    Summary: Web and LAMP Server
-    Description: 
-      Software to set up a Web server that is able to serve static, dynamic, and interactive content (like a Web shop). This includes Apache HTTP Server, the database management system MySQL,
-      and scripting languages such as PHP, Python, Ruby on Rails, or Perl.
-    Contents:
-    
-    S | Name                          | Type    | Dependency
-    --+-------------------------------+---------+-----------
-      | apache2-mod_php5              | package |
-      | php5-iconv                    | package |
-    i | patterns-openSUSE-base        | package |
-    i | apache2-prefork               | package |
-      | php5-dom                      | package |
-      | php5-mysql                    | package |
-    i | apache2                       | package |
-      | apache2-example-pages         | package |
-      | mariadb                       | package |
-      | apache2-mod_perl              | package |
-      | php5-ctype                    | package |
-      | apache2-doc                   | package |
-      | yast2-http-server             | package |
-      | patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server | package |
- -5. 开启一个Zypper Shell 的会话。 - - 
 %>zypper shell
- 或者 - 
 %>zypper sh
- - 
zypper> help
-      Usage:
-    	zypper [--global-options]
- -**注意**:在 Zypper shell里面可以通过键入 ‘help‘ 获得全局选项以及子命令的列表。 -### Zypper 软件库管理 ### - -#### 列举已定义的软件库 #### - -6. 使用 'zypper repos' 或者 'zypper lr' 来列举所有已定以的软件库。 - - 
%> zypper repos
- 或者 - 
%> zypper lr
-      | Alias                     | Name                               | Enabled | Refresh
-    --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+--------
-    1 | openSUSE-13.2-0           | openSUSE-13.2-0                    | Yes     | No
-    2 | repo-debug                | openSUSE-13.2-Debug                | Yes     | Yes
-    3 | repo-debug-update         | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug         | No      | Yes
-    4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No      | Yes
-    5 | repo-non-oss              | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss              | Yes     | Yes
-    6 | repo-oss                  | openSUSE-13.2-Oss                  | Yes     | Yes
-    7 | repo-source               | openSUSE-13.2-Source               | No      | Yes
-    8 | repo-update               | openSUSE-13.2-Update               | Yes     | Yes
-    9 | repo-update-non-oss       | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss       | Yes     | Yes
- -7. 在表格里面显示 zypper URI - - 
# zypper lr -u
-      | Alias                     | Name                               | Enabled | Refresh | URI
-    --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------
-    1 | openSUSE-13.2-0           | openSUSE-13.2-0                    | Yes     | No      | cd:///?devices=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-VBOX_CD-ROM_VB2-01700376
-    2 | repo-debug                | openSUSE-13.2-Debug                | Yes     | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/
-    3 | repo-debug-update         | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug         | No      | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2/
-    4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No      | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2-non-oss/
-    5 | repo-non-oss              | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss              | Yes     | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/non-oss/
-    6 | repo-oss                  | openSUSE-13.2-Oss                  | Yes     | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/
-    7 | repo-source               | openSUSE-13.2-Source               | No      | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/source/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/
-    8 | repo-update               | openSUSE-13.2-Update               | Yes     | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2/
-    9 | repo-update-non-oss       | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss       | Yes     | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2-non-oss/
- -8. 根据优先级列举软件库。 - - 
%> zypper lr -P
-      | Alias                     | Name                               | Enabled | Refresh | Priority
-    --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------
-    1 | openSUSE-13.2-0           | openSUSE-13.2-0                    | Yes     | No      |   99
-    2 | repo-debug                | openSUSE-13.2-Debug                | Yes     | Yes     |   99
-    3 | repo-debug-update         | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug         | No      | Yes     |   99
-    4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No      | Yes     |   99
-    5 | repo-non-oss              | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss              | Yes     | Yes     |   85
-    6 | repo-oss                  | openSUSE-13.2-Oss                  | Yes     | Yes     |   99
-    7 | repo-source               | openSUSE-13.2-Source               | No      | Yes     |   99
-    8 | repo-update               | openSUSE-13.2-Update               | Yes     | Yes     |   99
-    9 | repo-update-non-oss       | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss       | Yes     | Yes     |   99
- -#### 刷新软件库 #### - -9. 使用 'zypper refresh' or 'zypper ref' 来刷新 zypper 软件库。 - - 
%> zypper refresh
- 或者 - 
%> zypper ref
-    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' is up to date.
-    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' is up to date.
-    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date.
-    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' is up to date.
-    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' is up to date.
-    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' is up to date.
-    All repositories have been refreshed.
- -10. 刷新一个指定的软件库（以 'repo-non-oss' 为例 ）。 - - 
%> zypper refresh repo-non-oss
-    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date.
-    Specified repositories have been refreshed.
- -11. 强制更新一个软件库（以 'repo-non-oss' 为例 ）。 - - 
%> zypper ref -f repo-non-oss 
-    Forcing raw metadata refresh
-    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ............................................................[done]
-    Forcing building of repository cache
-    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ............................................................[done]
-    Specified repositories have been refreshed.
- -#### 修改软件库 #### - -本文中我们使用‘zypper modifyrepo‘ 或者 ‘zypper mr‘ 来关闭或者开启 zypper 软件库。 - -12. 在关闭一个软件库之前，我们需要知道在 zypper中，每一个软件库有一个唯一的标示数字与之关联，该数字用于打开或者关闭与之相联系的软件库。假设我们需要关闭 'repo-oss' 软件库，那么我们可以通过以下的法来获得该软件库的标志数字。 - - 
%> zypper lr
-      | Alias                     | Name                               | Enabled | Refresh
-    --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+--------
-    1 | openSUSE-13.2-0           | openSUSE-13.2-0                    | Yes     | No
-    2 | repo-debug                | openSUSE-13.2-Debug                | Yes     | Yes
-    3 | repo-debug-update         | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug         | No      | Yes
-    4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No      | Yes
-    5 | repo-non-oss              | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss              | Yes     | Yes
-    6 | repo-oss                  | openSUSE-13.2-Oss                  | No      | Yes
-    7 | repo-source               | openSUSE-13.2-Source               | No      | Yes
-    8 | repo-update               | openSUSE-13.2-Update               | Yes     | Yes
-    9 | repo-update-non-oss       | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss       | Yes     | Yes
-从以上输出的列表中我们可以看到 'repo-oss' 库的标示数字是 6，因此通过以下的命令来关闭该库。 - - 
%> zypper mr -d 6
-    Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully disabled.
- -13. 如果需要再次开启软件库 ‘repo-oss‘, 接上例，与之相关联的标示数字为 6。 - - 
%> zypper mr -e 6
-    Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully enabled.
- -14. 针对某一个软件库（以 'repo-non-oss' 为例 ）开启自动刷新( auto-refresh )和 rpm 缓存，并设置该软件库的优先级，比如85。 - - 
%> zypper mr -rk -p 85 repo-non-oss
-    Repository 'repo-non-oss' priority has been left unchanged (85)
-    Nothing to change for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
- -15. 对所有的软件库关闭 rpm 文件缓存。 - - 
%> zypper mr -Ka
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
- -16. 对所有的软件库开启 rpm 文件缓存。 - 
 zypper mr -ka
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
- -17. 关闭远程库的rpm 文件缓存 - 
%> zypper mr -Kt
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'.
-    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
- -18. 开启远程软件库的 rpm 文件缓存。 - 
%> zypper mr -kt
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'.
-    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
- -#### 增加新的软件库 #### - -可以通过这两个 zypper 指令 – 'zypper addrepo' 和 'zypper ar' 来增加新的软件库。在此过程中可以使用 URL 或者软件库的别名。 - -19. 增加一个新的软件库（ 以 “http://download.opensuse.org/update/12.3/” 为例 ）。 - - 
%>  zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/ update
-    Adding repository 'update' .............................................................................................................................................................[done]
-    Repository 'update' successfully added
-    Enabled     : Yes
-    Autorefresh : No
-    GPG check   : Yes
-    URI         : http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/
- -20. 更改一个软件库的名字，这将仅仅改变软件库的别名。 命令 'zypper namerepo' 或者 'zypperr nr' 可以胜任此工作。例如更改标示数字为10的软件库的名字为 'upd8'，或者说将标示数字为10的软件库的别名改为 'upd8'，可以使用下面的命令。 - - 
%> zypper nr 10 upd8
-    Repository 'update' renamed to 'upd8'.
- -#### 删除软件库 #### - -21. 删除一个软件库。要从系统删除一个软件库可以使 'zypper removerepo' 或者 'zypper rr'。例如以下的命令可以删除软件库 'upd8' - - 
%> zypper rr upd8
-    # Removing repository 'upd8' .........................................................................................[done]
-    Repository 'upd8' has been removed.
- -### 使用 zypper 进行软件包管理 ### - -#### 用 zypper 安装一个软件包 #### - -22. 在 zypper 中，我们可以通过软件包的功能名称来安装一个软件包。以 Firefox 为例，以下的命令可以用来安装该软件包。 - 
%> zypper in MozillaFirefox
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    The following 128 NEW packages are going to be installed:
-      adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-atk-common at-spi2-atk-gtk2 at-spi2-core cantarell-fonts cups-libs desktop-file-utils fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders gstreamer gstreamer-fluendo-mp3
-      gstreamer-plugins-base gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese gtk2-metatheme-adwaita
-      gtk2-theming-engine-adwaita gtk2-tools gtk3-data gtk3-metatheme-adwaita gtk3-tools hicolor-icon-theme hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE libasound2 libatk-1_0-0 libatk-bridge-2_0-0
-      libatspi0 libcairo2 libcairo-gobject2 libcanberra0 libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk2-module libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-gtk-module-common libcdda_interface0
-      libcdda_paranoia0 libcolord2 libdrm2 libdrm_intel1 libdrm_nouveau2 libdrm_radeon1 libFLAC8 libfreebl3 libgbm1 libgdk_pixbuf-2_0-0 libgraphite2-3 libgstapp-1_0-0 libgstaudio-1_0-0
-      libgstpbutils-1_0-0 libgstreamer-1_0-0 libgstriff-1_0-0 libgsttag-1_0-0 libgstvideo-1_0-0 libgthread-2_0-0 libgtk-2_0-0 libgtk-3-0 libharfbuzz0 libjasper1 libjbig2 libjpeg8 libjson-c2
-      liblcms2-2 libLLVM libltdl7 libnsssharedhelper0 libogg0 liborc-0_4-0 libpackagekit-glib2-18 libpango-1_0-0 libpciaccess0 libpixman-1-0 libpulse0 libsndfile1 libsoftokn3 libspeex1
-      libsqlite3-0 libstartup-notification-1-0 libtheoradec1 libtheoraenc1 libtiff5 libvisual libvorbis0 libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-server0
-      libX11-xcb1 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-util1 libxcb-xfixes0 libXcomposite1 libXcursor1 libXdamage1 libXevie1
-      libXfixes3 libXft2 libXi6 libXinerama1 libxkbcommon-0_4_3 libXrandr2 libXrender1 libxshmfence1 libXtst6 libXv1 libXxf86vm1 Mesa Mesa-libEGL1 Mesa-libGL1 Mesa-libglapi0
-      metatheme-adwaita-common MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-openSUSE mozilla-nss mozilla-nss-certs PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin pango-tools sound-theme-freedesktop
-
-    The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected:
-      gstreamer-fluendo-mp3 gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese libcanberra0 libpulse0
-      PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin
-    
-    128 new packages to install.
-    Overall download size: 77.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B  After the operation, additional 200.0 MiB will be used.
-    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
-    Retrieving package cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch                                                                                                   (1/128),  74.1 KiB (115.6 KiB unpacked)
-    Retrieving: cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch.rpm .........................................................................................................................[done (63.4 KiB/s)]
-    Retrieving package hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch                                                                                                (2/128),  40.1 KiB ( 50.5 KiB unpacked)
-    Retrieving: hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch.rpm ...................................................................................................................................[done]
-    Retrieving package sound-theme-freedesktop-0.8-7.1.2.noarch                                                                                            (3/128), 372.6 KiB (460.3 KiB unpacked)
- -23. 安装指定版本号的软件包，(以 gcc 5.1 为例)。 - 
 %>zypper in 'gcc<5.1'
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed:
-      cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49
-
-    13 new packages to install.
-    Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B  After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used.
-    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
- -24. 为特定的CPU架构安装软件包（以兼容 i586 的 gcc 为例）。 - - 
%> zypper in gcc.i586
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed:
-      cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49
-
-    13 new packages to install.
-    Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B  After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used.
-    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
-    Retrieving package libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64                                                                                                  (1/13),  74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked)
-    Retrieving: libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm .......................................................................................................................[done (79.2 KiB/s)]
-    Retrieving package libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64                                                                                          (2/13),  14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked)
-    Retrieving: libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm ...............................................................................................................[done (55.3 KiB/s)]
- -25. 为特定的CPU架构安装指定版本号的软件包（以兼容 i586 且版本低于5.1的 gcc 为例） - - 
%> zypper in 'gcc.i586<5.1'
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed:
-      cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49
-
-    13 new packages to install.
-    Overall download size: 14.4 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB  After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used.
-    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
-    In cache libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                        (1/13),  74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked)
-    In cache libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm                                           (2/13),  14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked)
-    In cache libgomp1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm                                             (3/13),  41.1 KiB ( 90.7 KiB unpacked)
- -26. 从指定的软件库里面安装一个软件包，例如从 amarok 中安装 libxine。 - 
%> zypper in amarok upd:libxine1
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-    The following 202 NEW packages are going to be installed:
-      amarok bundle-lang-kde-en clamz cups-libs enscript fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders ghostscript-fonts-std gptfdisk gstreamer gstreamer-plugins-base hicolor-icon-theme
-      hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE htdig hunspell hunspell-tools icoutils ispell ispell-american kde4-filesystem kdebase4-runtime kdebase4-runtime-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4
-      kdelibs4-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4-core kdialog libakonadi4 l
-    .....
- -27. 通过指定软件包的名字安装软件包。 - - 
%> zypper in -n git
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    The following 35 NEW packages are going to be installed:
-      cvs cvsps fontconfig git git-core git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web libserf-1-1 libsqlite3-0 libXft2 libXrender1 libXss1 perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-DBD-SQLite perl-DBI
-      perl-Error perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Params-Util perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement perl-Term-ReadKey subversion subversion-perl tcl
-      tk xhost
-
-    The following 13 recommended packages were automatically selected:
-      git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement
-
-    The following package is suggested, but will not be installed:
-      git-daemon
-
-    35 new packages to install.
-    Overall download size: 15.6 MiB. Already cached: 0 B  After the operation, additional 56.7 MiB will be used.
-    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
- -28. 通过通配符来安装软件包，例如，安装所有 php5 的软件包。 - 
%> zypper in php5*
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    Problem: php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64 requires smtp_daemon, but this requirement cannot be provided
-      uninstallable providers: exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
-                       postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
-                       sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
-                       exim-4.83-3.1.8.i586[repo-oss]
-                       msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.i586[repo-oss]
-                       postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
-                       sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
-                       exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[repo-oss]
-                       msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.x86_64[repo-oss]
-                       postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
-                       sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
-                       postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.i586[repo-update]
-                       postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.x86_64[repo-update]
-     Solution 1: Following actions will be done:
-      do not install php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64
-      do not install php5-pear-Auth_SASL-1.0.6-7.1.3.noarch
-      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Http-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
-      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Image-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
-      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Kolab_Format-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
-      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Ldap-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
-      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Memcache-2.0.1-7.1.3.noarch
-      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Mime-2.0.2-6.1.3.noarch
-      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Oauth-2.0.0-6.1.3.noarch
-      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Pdf-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
-    ....
- -29. 使用模式名称（模式名称是一类软件包的名字）来批量安装软件包 - - 
%> zypper in -t pattern lamp_server
-    ading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    The following 29 NEW packages are going to be installed:
-      apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server perl-Data-Dump perl-Encode-Locale perl-File-Listing perl-HTML-Parser
-      perl-HTML-Tagset perl-HTTP-Cookies perl-HTTP-Daemon perl-HTTP-Date perl-HTTP-Message perl-HTTP-Negotiate perl-IO-HTML perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-libwww-perl perl-Linux-Pid
-      perl-LWP-MediaTypes perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-Net-HTTP perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Tie-IxHash perl-TimeDate perl-URI perl-WWW-RobotRules yast2-http-server
-
-    The following NEW pattern is going to be installed:
-      lamp_server
-
-    The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected:
-      apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork perl-Data-Dump perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-TimeDate yast2-http-server
-
-    29 new packages to install.
-    Overall download size: 7.2 MiB. Already cached: 1.2 MiB  After the operation, additional 34.7 MiB will be used.
-    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
- -30. 使用一行命令安转一个软件包同时卸载另一个软件包，例如在安装 nano 的同时卸载 vi - - 
# zypper in nano -vi
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    '-vi' not found in package names. Trying capabilities.
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    The following 2 NEW packages are going to be installed:
-      nano nano-lang
-
-    The following package is going to be REMOVED:
-      vim
-
-    The following recommended package was automatically selected:
-      nano-lang
-
-    2 new packages to install, 1 to remove.
-    Overall download size: 550.0 KiB. Already cached: 0 B  After the operation, 463.3 KiB will be freed.
-    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
-    ...
- -31. 使用 zypper 安装 rpm 软件包。 - - 
%> zypper in teamviewer*.rpm
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    The following 24 NEW packages are going to be installed:
-      alsa-oss-32bit fontconfig-32bit libasound2-32bit libexpat1-32bit libfreetype6-32bit libgcc_s1-gcc49-32bit libICE6-32bit libjpeg62-32bit libpng12-0-32bit libpng16-16-32bit libSM6-32bit
-      libuuid1-32bit libX11-6-32bit libXau6-32bit libxcb1-32bit libXdamage1-32bit libXext6-32bit libXfixes3-32bit libXinerama1-32bit libXrandr2-32bit libXrender1-32bit libXtst6-32bit
-      libz1-32bit teamviewer
-
-    The following recommended package was automatically selected:
-      alsa-oss-32bit
-
-    24 new packages to install.
-    Overall download size: 41.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B  After the operation, additional 119.7 MiB will be used.
-    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
-    ..
- -#### 使用 zypper 卸载软件包 #### - -32. 命令 ‘zypper remove‘ 和 ‘zypper rm‘ 用于卸载软件包。例如卸载 apache2: - - 
%> zypper remove apache2
- 或者 - 
%> zypper rm apache2
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    The following 2 packages are going to be REMOVED:
-      apache2 apache2-prefork
-
-    2 packages to remove.
-    After the operation, 4.2 MiB will be freed.
-    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
-    (1/2) Removing apache2-2.4.10-19.1 ........................................................................[done]
-    (2/2) Removing apache2-prefork-2.4.10-19.1 ................................................................[done]
- -#### 使用Zypper 进行软件包更新 #### - -33. 更新所有的软件包，可以使用 ‘zypper update‘ 或者 ‘zypper up‘。 - - 
%> zypper up
- 或者 - 
%> zypper update
-
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Nothing to do.
- -34. 更新指定的软件包，例如更新 apache2 以及 openssh。 - - 
 zypper up apache2 openssh
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    No update candidate for 'apache2-2.4.10-19.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
-    No update candidate for 'openssh-6.6p1-5.1.3.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    Nothing to do.
- -35. 安装一个软件库，例如 ariadb，如果该库存在则更新之。 - - 
%> zypper in mariadb
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    'mariadb' is already installed.
-    No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    Nothing to do.
- -#### 安装源文件并且构建依赖关系 #### - -命令 ‘zypper source-install‘ 或者 ‘zypper si‘ 可以用于从源文件编译软件包 - -36. 安装某一个软件包的源文件及其依赖关系，例如 mariadb。 - - 
%> zypper si mariadb
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Loading repository data...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed:
-      autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10
-      libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel
-
-    The following source package is going to be installed:
-      mariadb
-
-    36 new packages to install, 1 source package.
-    Overall download size: 71.5 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB  After the operation, additional 183.9 MiB will be used.
-    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
- -37. 仅为某一个软件包安装源文件，例如 mariadb - - 
%> zypper in -D mariadb
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    'mariadb' is already installed.
-    No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    Nothing to do.
- -38. 仅为某一个软件包安装依赖关系，例如 mariadb - - 
%> zypper si -d mariadb
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Loading repository data...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed:
-      autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10
-      libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel
-
-    The following package is recommended, but will not be installed due to conflicts or dependency issues:
-      readline-doc
-
-    36 new packages to install.
-    Overall download size: 33.7 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB  After the operation, additional 144.3 MiB will be used.
-    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
- -#### Zypper in Scripts and Applications #### - -39. 安装一个软件包，并且在安装过程中跳过与用户的交互, 例如 mariadb。 - - 
%> zypper --non-interactive in mariadb
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    'mariadb' is already installed.
-    No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    Nothing to do.
- -40. 卸载一个软件包，并且在卸载过程中跳过与用户的交互，例如 mariadb - - 
%> zypper --non-interactive rm mariadb
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    The following package is going to be REMOVED:
-      mariadb
-
-    1 package to remove.
-    After the operation, 71.8 MiB will be freed.
-    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
-    (1/1) Removing mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1 .............................................................................[done]
- -41. 将 zypper 输出用 XML 格式打印。 - - 
%> zypper --xmlout
-      Usage:
-    	zypper [--global-options]  [--command-options] [arguments]
-
-      Global Options
-    ....
- -42. 禁止详细信息输出到屏幕。 - - 
%> zypper --quiet in mariadb
-    The following NEW package is going to be installed:
-      mariadb
-
-    1 new package to install.
-    Overall download size: 0 B. Already cached: 7.8 MiB  After the operation, additional 71.8 MiB will be used.
-    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
-    ...
- -43. 在卸载过程中禁止详细信息输出到屏幕 - - 
%> zypper --quiet rm mariadb
- -44. 自动地同意版权或者协议。 - 
%> zypper patch --auto-agree-with-licenses
-    Loading repository data...
-    Reading installed packages...
-    Resolving package dependencies...
-
-    Nothing to do.
- -#### 清除 Zypper 缓存以及查看历史信息 #### - -45. 以下指令可以用来清理Zypper缓存。 - - 
%> zypper clean
-    All repositories have been cleaned up.
- -如果需要一次性地清理元数据以及软件包缓存，可以通过 -all/-a 选项来达到目的 - - 
%> zypper clean -a
-    All repositories have been cleaned up.
- -46. 查看 Zypper 的历史信息。籍由 Zypper 所有的软件包管理动作，包括安装、更新以及卸载都会在 /var/log/zypp/history中保留历史信息。可以通过 cat 来查看此文件，或者通过过滤器来筛选希望看到的信息。 - - 
 cat /var/log/zypp/history
-    2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|boost-license1_54_0|1.54.0-10.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|0523b909d2aae5239f9841316dafaf3a37b4f096|
-    2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|branding-openSUSE|13.2-3.6.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6609def94b1987bf3f90a9467f4f7ab8f8d98a5c|
-    2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|bundle-lang-common-en|13.2-3.3.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|ca55694e6fdebee6ce37ac7cf3725e2aa6edc342|
-    2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|insserv-compat|0.1-12.2.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6160de7fbf961a279591a83a1550093a581214d9|
-    2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libX11-data|1.6.2-5.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|f1cb58364ba9016c1f93b1a383ba12463c56885a|
-    2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libnl-config|3.2.25-2.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|aab2ded312a781e93b739b418e3d32fe4e187020|
-    2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|wireless-regdb|2014.06.13-1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|be8cb16f3e92af12b5ceb977e37e13f03c007bd1|
-    2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-en_US|3.1.0-2.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|1865754e5e0ec3c149ac850b340bcca55a3c404d|
-    2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-stats|2.19.0-16.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|b107d2b3e702835885b57b04d12d25539f262d1a|
-    2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|cracklib-dict-full|2.8.12-64.1.2|x86_64||openSUSE-13.2-0|08bd45dbba7ad44e3a4837f730be76f55ad5dcfa|
-    ......
- -#### 使用 Zypper 进行SUSE系统升级 #### - -47. 可以使用 Zypper 命令的 'dist-upgrade' 选项来将当前的SUSE Linux升级至最新版本。 - 
# zypper dist-upgrade
-    You are about to do a distribution upgrade with all enabled repositories. Make sure these repositories are compatible before you continue. See 'man zypper' for more information about this command.
-    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' cache .....................................................................[done]
-    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done]
-    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done]
-    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ..........................................................[done]
-    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]
- -正文至此结束。希望本文可以帮助读者尤其是新手们管理SUSE Linux系统和服务器。如果您觉得某些比较重要的命令被作者漏掉了，请在评论部分写下您的返回，作者将根据评论对文章进行更新。保持联络，保持评论，多谢支持。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -原文地址: http://www.tecmint.com/zypper-commands-to-manage-suse-linux-package-management/ - -作者：[Avishek Kumar][a] -译者：[张博约](https://github.com/zhangboyue) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/ -[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/installation-of-suse-linux-enterprise-server-12/