diff --git a/sources/tech/20220217 How to Clean Up Snap Package Versions in Linux -Quick Tip.md b/sources/tech/20220217 How to Clean Up Snap Package Versions in Linux -Quick Tip.md deleted file mode 100644 index 297889f3f0..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220217 How to Clean Up Snap Package Versions in Linux -Quick Tip.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,153 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How to Clean Up Snap Package Versions in Linux [Quick Tip]" -[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/clean-snap-packages/" -[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How to Clean Up Snap Package Versions in Linux [Quick Tip] -====== - -Snap packages are not everyone’s favorite but they are an integral part of the Ubuntu ecosystem. - -It has its pros and cons. One of the negatives is that Snap packages are usually bigger in size and take a lot of disk space. - -This could be a problem if you are running out of disk space, specially on the root partition. - -Let me share a neat trick that you could use to cut down the disk spaced used by Snap packages. - -### Cleaning up old Snap package versions to free disk space - -The system files related to snap are stored in the /var/lib/snapd directory. Based on the number of Snap packages you have installed, this directory size could be in several GBs. - -Don’t just take my word for it. Do an assesement by [using the du command to check the directory size.][1] - -``` - - [email protected]:~$ sudo du -sh /var/lib/snapd - 5.4G /var/lib/snapd - -``` - -You may also use the Disk Usage Analyzer GUI tool to see the [disk usage in Ubuntu][2]. - -![Snap disk usage][3] - -That’s a lot, right? You could free up some disk space here. - -By design, Snap keeps at least one older version of the packages you have installed on your system. - -You can see this behavior by using the Snap command: - -``` - - snap list --all - -``` - -You should see the same package listed twice with different version and revision number. - -![Snap keeps at least two versions of each package][4] - -To free up disk space, you can delete the additional package versions. How do you know which one to delete? You can see that these older packages are labeled ‘disabled’. - -Don’t worry. You don’t have to manually do it. There is sort of automatic way to do it thanks to a nifty bash script written by Alan Pope while he was working in the [Snapcraft][5] team. - -I hope you know [how to create and run a bash shell script][6]. Basically, create a new file named clean-swap.sh and add the following lines to it. - -``` - - #!/bin/bash - # Removes old revisions of snaps - # CLOSE ALL SNAPS BEFORE RUNNING THIS - set -eu - snap list --all | awk '/disabled/{print $1, $3}' | - while read snapname revision; do - snap remove "$snapname" --revision="$revision" - done - -``` - -Save it and close the editor. - -To run this script, keep it in your home directory and then [open the terminal in Ubuntu][7] and run this command: - -``` - - sudo bash clean-snap.sh - -``` - -You can see that it starts removing the older version of packages. - -![Removing old snap package versions][8] - -If you check the disk space used by Snap now, you’ll see that the directory size is reduced now. - -``` - - [email protected]:~$ sudo du -sh /var/lib/snapd - 3.9G /var/lib/snapd - -``` - -If this works for you, you could run this command occasionally. - -#### How does this script work? - -If you are curious about what does this script do, let me explain. - -You have already seen the output of the “snap list –all” command. It’s output is passed to the [awk command][9]. Awk is a powerful scripting tool. - -The awk ‘/disabled/{print $1, $3}’ part looks for the string ‘disabled’ in each row and if it is found, it extracts the first column and third column. - -This output is further passed to a combination of while and read command. Read command gets the value of first column snapname and third column to revision variable. - -These variables are then used to run the snap remove command to delete with the name of the span package name and its revision number. - -The while loop runs as long as there are rows found with ‘disabled’ string in it. - -This all makes sense easily if you know a little bit about shell scripting. If you are not familiar with, we have a [bash tutorial series for beginners][10] for you. - -### Did you get your GBs back? - -You may see some forums advising to set up the Snap package retention value to 2. - -``` - - sudo snap set system refresh.retain=2 - -``` - -I don’t think it’s needed anymore. Snap’s default behavior now is to store total 2 versions for any package. - -Altogether, if you are running out of space, getting rid of the additional package version could surely one of the [ways to free up disk space on Ubuntu][11]. - -If this tutorial helped you free some space, let me know in the comment section. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/clean-snap-packages/ - -作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://linuxhandbook.com/find-directory-size-du-command/ -[2]: https://itsfoss.com/check-free-disk-space-linux/ -[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/snap-disk-usage.png?resize=800%2C323&ssl=1 -[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/snap-keeps-two-versions-of-each-package.png?resize=800%2C347&ssl=1 -[5]: https://snapcraft.io/ -[6]: https://itsfoss.com/run-shell-script-linux/ -[7]: https://itsfoss.com/open-terminal-ubuntu/ -[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/removing-old-snap-package-versions.png?resize=800%2C445&ssl=1 -[9]: https://linuxhandbook.com/awk-command-tutorial/ -[10]: https://linuxhandbook.com/tag/bash-beginner/ -[11]: https://itsfoss.com/free-up-space-ubuntu-linux/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20220217 How to Clean Up Snap Package Versions in Linux -Quick Tip.md b/translated/tech/20220217 How to Clean Up Snap Package Versions in Linux -Quick Tip.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..977265f1fa --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220217 How to Clean Up Snap Package Versions in Linux -Quick Tip.md @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Clean Up Snap Package Versions in Linux [Quick Tip]" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/clean-snap-packages/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +如何在 Linux 中清理 Snap 包的版本（快速技巧） +====== + +Snap 软件包并不是每个人都喜欢的，但它们是 Ubuntu 生态系统中不可或缺的一部分。 + +它有其优点和缺点。其中一个缺点是，Snap 包通常体积较大，占用大量的磁盘空间。 + +如果你的磁盘空间不够用，特别是在根分区上，这可能是一个问题。 + +让我分享一个巧妙的技巧，你可以用它来减少 Snap 包使用的磁盘空间。 + +### 清理旧的 Snap 包版本以释放磁盘空间 + +与 snap 有关的系统文件都存放在 /var/lib/snapd 目录下。根据你所安装的 Snap 包的数量，这个目录的大小可能在几 GB。 + +不要只听我的一面之词。通过[使用 du 命令检查目录大小][1]来进行评估。 + +``` + + [email protected]:~$ sudo du -sh /var/lib/snapd + 5.4G /var/lib/snapd + +``` + +你也可以使用磁盘使用分析器这个 GUI 工具来查看 [Ubuntu 的磁盘使用情况][2]。 + +![Snap disk usage][3] + +这可真够多的，对吧？你可以在这里腾出一些磁盘空间。 + +根据设计，Snap 至少会在你的系统上保留一个你所安装的软件包的旧版本。 + +你可以通过使用 Snap 命令看到这种行为： + +``` + + snap list --all + +``` + +你应该看到同一个软件包被列了两次，而且版本和修订号都不同。 + +![Snap keeps at least two versions of each package][4] + +为了释放磁盘空间，你可以删除额外的软件包版本。你怎么知道要删除哪一个呢？你可以看到，这些较旧的软件包被标记为“禁用”。 + +不要担心。你不需要手动操作。由于 Alan Pope 在 [Snapcraft][5] 团队工作时写的一个灵巧的 bash 脚本，有一种自动的方法可以做到。 + +我希望你知道[如何创建和运行 bash shell 脚本][6]。基本上，创建一个名为 clean-swap.sh 的新文件，并在其中添加以下几行。 + +``` + + #!/bin/bash + # Removes old revisions of snaps + # CLOSE ALL SNAPS BEFORE RUNNING THIS + set -eu + snap list --all | awk '/disabled/{print $1, $3}' | + while read snapname revision; do + snap remove "$snapname" --revision="$revision" + done + +``` + +保存它并关闭编辑器。 + +要运行这个脚本，把它放在你的主目录中，然后[在 Ubuntu 中打开终端][7]，运行这个命令： + +``` + + sudo bash clean-snap.sh + +``` + +你可以看到，它开始删除旧版本的软件包。 + +![Removing old snap package versions][8] + +如果你现在检查 Snap 使用的磁盘空间，你会发现现在的目录大小已经减少了。 + +``` + + [email protected]:~$ sudo du -sh /var/lib/snapd + 3.9G /var/lib/snapd + +``` + +如果这对你有用，你可以偶尔运行这个命令。 + +#### 这个脚本是如何工作的？ + +如果你对这个脚本的作用感到好奇，让我来解释一下。 + +你已经看到了 “snap list -all” 命令的输出。它的输出被传递给 [awk 命令][9]。Awk是一个强大的脚本工具。 + +awk '/disabled/{print $1, $3}' 部分在每一行中寻找字符串 “disabled”，如果找到它，它将提取第一列和第三列。 + +这个输出被进一步传递给 while 和 read 命令的组合。读取命令获取第一列的 snapname 和第三列的修订变量。 + +然后，这些变量被用来运行 snap remove 命令，用 span 包的名称和它的修订号来删除。 + +只要发现有包含 “disabled” 字符串的行，就会运行 while 循环。 + +如果你对 shell 脚本略知一二，这一切就很容易理解了。如果你不熟悉，我们有一个[初学者的 bash 教程系列][10]给你。 + +### 你拿回了你的空间了吗？ + +你可能会看到一些论坛建议将 Snap 软件包的保留值设置为2。 + +``` + + sudo snap set system refresh.retain=2 + +``` + +我认为现在不需要了。现在 Snap 的默认行为是为任何软件包保存两个版本。 + +总而言之，如果你的空间不够用，摆脱额外的软件包版本肯定是[释放 Ubuntu 磁盘空间的方法][11]之一。 + +如果这个教程帮助你释放了一些空间，请在评论区告诉我。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/clean-snap-packages/ + +作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://linuxhandbook.com/find-directory-size-du-command/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/check-free-disk-space-linux/ +[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/snap-disk-usage.png?resize=800%2C323&ssl=1 +[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/snap-keeps-two-versions-of-each-package.png?resize=800%2C347&ssl=1 +[5]: https://snapcraft.io/ +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/run-shell-script-linux/ +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/open-terminal-ubuntu/ +[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/removing-old-snap-package-versions.png?resize=800%2C445&ssl=1 +[9]: https://linuxhandbook.com/awk-command-tutorial/ +[10]: https://linuxhandbook.com/tag/bash-beginner/ +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/free-up-space-ubuntu-linux/