From 52595b3e0795136e1eb14148f7ecfb0a3cde1e11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 16 Oct 2022 10:25:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][tech]:?= =?UTF-8?q?=2020221014=2013=20Independent=20Linux=20Distros=20That=20are?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Built=20From=20Scratch.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...nux Distros That are Built From Scratch.md | 315 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 315 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20221014 13 Independent Linux Distros That are Built From Scratch.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221014 13 Independent Linux Distros That are Built From Scratch.md b/sources/tech/20221014 13 Independent Linux Distros That are Built From Scratch.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0983918cc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221014 13 Independent Linux Distros That are Built From Scratch.md @@ -0,0 +1,315 @@ +[#]: subject: "13 Independent Linux Distros That are Built From Scratch" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/independent-linux-distros/" +[#]: author: "sreenath https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +13 Independent Linux Distros That are Built From Scratch +====== +There are hundreds of Linux distributions available. + +But most of them fall into these three categories: Debian, Red Hat (Fedora) and Arch Linux. + +Using a distribution based on Debian/Ubuntu, Red Hat/SUSE or Arch Linux has its advantages. They are popular and hence their package manager offers a huge range of software. + +However, some users prefer to use Linux distributions built from scratch and be independent of DEB/RPM packaging system. + +In this article, we will list some of the best Linux distributions developed independently. + +**Note:** Obviously, this list excludes popular options like Debian, Ubuntu, and Fedora, which are used as bases for creating new distros. Moreover, the distributions are in no particular order of ranking. + +### 1. NixOS + +![Image Credits: Distrowatch][1] + +Initially released in 2003, Nix OS is built on top of the Nix Package Manager. It provides two releases every year, usually scheduled in May and November. + +NixOS may not be a distribution directly geared to new and average users. However, its unique approach to [package management][2] attracts various kinds of users. + +Additionally, 32-bit support systems are also supported. + +##### Other Features: + +* Builds packages isolated +* Reliable upgrade with rollback feature +* Reproducible system configuration + +[NixOS][3] + +**Related**: [Advanced Linux Distributions for Expert Linux Users][4] + +### 2. Gentoo Linux + +![Image Credits: Distrowatch][5] + +Gentoo Linux is an independently developed distribution aimed mainly at system experts. It is built for users who want the freedom to customize, fine-tune and optimize the operating system to suit their requirements. + +Gentoo uses [Portage package management][6] that lets you create and install packages, often allowing you to optimize them for your hardware. **Chromium OS**, the open-source version of Chrome OS, uses Gentoo at its core. + +Not to forget, Gentoo is one of those [distributions that still support 32-bit architectures][7]. + +##### Other Features: + +* Incremental Updates +* Source-based approach to software management +* Concept of overlay repositories like GURU (Gentoo’s user repository), where users can add packages not yet provided by Gentoo + +[Gentoo Linux][8] + +### 3. Void Linux + +![Image Credits: Distrowatch][9] + +Void Linux is a [rolling release distribution][10] with its own X Binary Package System (XBPS) for installing and removing software. It was created by **Juan Romero Pardines**, a former NetBSD developer. + +It avoids systemd and instead uses runit as its init system. Furthermore, it gives you the option to use several [desktop environments][11]. + +##### Other Features: + +* Minimal system requirements +* Offers an official repository for non-free packages +* Support for Raspberry Pi +* Integration of OpenBSD’s LibreSSL software +* Support for musl C library +* 32-bit support + +[Void Linux][12] + +**Related:** [Not a Systemd Fan? Here are 13+ Systemd-Free Linux Distributions][13] + +### 4. Solus Linux + +![solus budgie 2022][14] + +Formerly EvolveOS, Solus Linux offers some exciting features while built from scratch. Solus features its own homegrown budgie desktop environment as its flagship version. + +Compared to other options, Solus Linux is one of the few independent distributions that new Linux users can use. It manages to be one of the [best Linux distributions][15] available. + +It uses eopkg package management with a semi-rolling release model. As per the developers, Solus is exclusively developed for personal computing purposes. + +##### Other Features: + +* Available in Budgie, Gnome, MATE, and KDE Plasma editions +* Variety of software out of the box, which reduces setup efforts + +[Solus Linux][16] + +### 5. Mageia + +![Image Credits: Distrowatch][17] + +Mageia started as a fork of Mandriva Linux back in 2010. It aims to be a stable and secure operating system for desktop and server usage. + +Mageia is a community-driven project supported by a non-profit organization and elected contributors. You will notice a major release every year. + +##### Other Features + +* Supports 32-bit system +* KDE Plasma, Gnome, and XFCE editions are available from the website +* Minimal system requirements + +[Mageia][18] + +**Related:** **[Linux Distros That Still Support 32-Bit Systems][19]** + +### 6. Clear Linux + +![Image Credits: Distrowatch][20] + +Clear Linux is a distribution by Intel, primarily designed with performance and cloud use cases in mind. + +One interesting thing about Clear Linux is the operating system upgrades as a whole rather than individual packages. So, even if you mess up with the system accidentally, it should boot correctly, performing a factory reset to let you set it up again. + +It is not geared toward personal use. But it can be a unique choice to try. + +##### Other Features: + +* Highly tuned for Intel platforms +* A strict separation between User and System files +* Constant vulnerability scanning + +[Clear Linux OS][21] + +### 7. PCLinuxOS + +![Image Credits: Distrowatch][22] + +PCLinuxOS is an x86_64 Linux distribution that uses APT-RPM packages. You can get KDE Plasma, Mate, and XFCE desktops, while it also offers several community editions featuring more desktops. + +Locally installed versions of PCLinuxOS utilize the APT package management system thanks to [Synaptic package manager][23]. You can also find rpm packages from its repositories. + +##### Other Features: + +* mylivecd script allows the user to take a ‘snapshot’ of their current hard drive installation (all settings, applications, documents, etc.) and compress it into an ISO CD/DVD/USB image. +* Additional support for over 85 languages. + +[PCLinuxOS][24] + +### 8. 4MLinux + +![4m linux 2022][25] + +[4MLinux][26] is a general-purpose Linux distribution with a strong focus on the following four **“M”**  of computing: + +* Maintenance (system rescue Live CD) +* Multimedia (full support for a huge number of image, audio and video formats) +* Miniserver (DNS, FTP, HTTP, MySQL, NFS, Proxy, SMTP, SSH, and Telnet) +* Mystery (meaning a collection of classic Linux games) + +It has a minimal system requirement and is available as a desktop and server version. + +##### Other Features + +* Support for large number of image, audio/video formats +* Small and general-purpose Linux distribution + +[4MLinux][27] + +### 9. Tiny Core Linux + +![Image Credits: Distrowatch][28] + +Tiny Core Linux focuses on providing a base system using BusyBox and FLTK. It is not a complete desktop. So, you do not expect it to run on every system. + +It represents only the core needed to boot into a very minimal X desktop, typically with wired internet access. + +The user gets great control over everything, but it may not be an easy out-of-the-box experience for new Linux users. + +##### Other Features + +* Designed to run from a RAM copy created at boot time +* By default, operates like a cloud/internet client +* Users can run appbrowser to browse repositories and download applications + +[Tiny Core Linux][29] + +### 10. Linux From Scratch + +![Image Credit: Reddit][30] + +[Reddit][31] + +Linux From Scratch is a way to install a working Linux system by building all its components manually. Once completed, it provides a compact, flexible and secure system and a greater understanding of the internal workings of the Linux-based operating systems. + +If you need to dive deep into how a Linux system works and explore its nuts and bolts, Linux From Scratch is the project you need to try. + +##### Other Features + +* Customised Linux system, entirely from scratch +* Extremely flexible +* Offers added security because of self compile from source + +[Linux From Scratch][32] + +### 11. Slackware + +![Image Credits: Distrowatch][33] + +Slackware is the oldest distribution that is still being maintained. Originally created in 1993, with Softlanding Linux System as base, Slackware later became the base for many Linux distributions. + +Slackware aims at producing the most UNIX-like Linux distribution while keeping simplicity and stability. + +##### Other Features + +* Available for 32-bit and 64-bit systems +* Extensive online documentation +* Can run on Pentium system to latest machines + +[Slackware][34] + +### 12. Alpine Linux + +![alpine linux xfce 2022][35] + +Alpine Linux is a community-developed operating system designed for routers, firewalls, VPNs, VoIP boxes, and servers. It began as a fork of the LEAF Project. + +Alpine Linux uses apk-tools package management, initially written as a shell script and later written in C programming language. This is a minimal Linux distribution, which still supports 32-bit systems and can be installed as a run-from-RAM operating system. + +##### Other Features: + +* Provides a minimal container image of just 5 MB in size +* 2-year support for the main repository and support until the next stable release for the community repository +* Made around musl libc and Busybox with resource-efficient containers + +[Alpine Linux][36] + +### 13. KaOS + +![Image Credits: Distrowatch][37] + +KaOS is a Linux distribution built from scratch and inspired by Arch Linux. It uses [pacman for package management][38]. It is built with the philosophy “*One Desktop Environment (KDE Plasma), One Toolkit (Qt), One Architecture (x86_64)*“. + +It has limited repositories, but still, it offers plenty of tools for a regular user. + +##### Other Features: + +* Most up-to-date Plasma desktop +* Tightly integrated rolling and transparent distribution for the modern desktop + +[KaOS][39] + +#### Wrapping Up + +If you need a unique experience, these independent Linux distributions should serve the purpose. + +However, if you want to replace it with a mainstream distribution like Ubuntu for your desktop…You might want to think twice, considering most of the options (if not all) above are not ideal options for day-to-day desktop usage. + +But then again, if you have a fair share of experience with Linux distributions, you can undoubtedly take up the task for an adventure! + +*If you were to try one of these indie distros, which one would it be? Share with us in the comments.* + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/independent-linux-distros/ + +作者：[sreenath][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/nixos-2022.png +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/package-manager/ +[3]: https://nixos.org/ +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/advanced-linux-distros/ +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/gentoo-linux-plasma.jpg +[6]: https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Portage +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-linux-distributions/ +[8]: https://www.gentoo.org/ +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/void-linux.jpg +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/rolling-release/ +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-desktop-environments/ +[12]: https://voidlinux.org/ +[13]: https://itsfoss.com/systemd-free-distros/ +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/solus-budgie-2022.jpg +[15]: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-distributions/ +[16]: https://getsol.us/home/ +[17]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/mageia-1.jpg +[18]: https://www.mageia.org/en/ +[19]: https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-linux-distributions/ +[20]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/clear-linux-desktop.png +[21]: https://clearlinux.org/ +[22]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/pclinuxos.png +[23]: https://itsfoss.com/synaptic-package-manager/ +[24]: https://www.pclinuxos.com/ +[25]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/4m-linux-2022.jpg +[26]: https://itsfoss.com/4mlinux-review/ +[27]: http://4mlinux.com/ +[28]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/tinycore.jpg +[29]: http://www.tinycorelinux.net/ +[30]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/enable-aur-e1659974408774.png +[31]: https://www.reddit.com/r/linuxmasterrace/comments/udi7ts/decided_to_try_lfs_in_a_vm_started_about_a_week/ +[32]: https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/ +[33]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/slackware-scaled.jpg +[34]: http://www.slackware.com/ +[35]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/alpine-linux-xfce-2022.png +[36]: https://www.alpinelinux.org/ +[37]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/kaos-desktop.png +[38]: https://itsfoss.com/pacman-command/ +[39]: https://kaosx.us/