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From: geekpi <geekpi@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2023 08:40:25 +0800
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-[#]: subject: "Bash Basics Series #4: Arithmetic Operations"
-[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/bash-arithmetic-operation/"
-[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
-[#]: collector: "lkxed"
-[#]: translator: "geekpi"
-[#]: reviewer: " "
-[#]: publisher: " "
-[#]: url: " "
-
-Bash Basics Series #4: Arithmetic Operations
-======
-
-You can do a lot of things with bash scripts. Performing simple arithmetic operations with the variables is one of them.
-
-The syntax for arithmetic operations in the bash shell is this:
-
-```
-$((arithmetic_operation))
-```
-
-Let's say you have to calculate the sum of two variables. You do it like this:
-
-```
-sum=$(($num1 + $num2))
-```
-
-There is no restriction on the use of white space inside the (()). You can use `$(( $num1+ $num2))`, `$(( $num1+ $num2 ))` or `$(( $num1+ $num2 ))`. It all will work the same.
-
-Before I discuss it in detail with examples, let me share the arithmetic operators it supports.
-
-### Basic arithmetic operators in Bash
-
-Here's a list of the arithmetic operators in the Bash shell.
-
-| Operator | Description |
-| :- | :- |
-| + | Addition |
-| - | Subtraction |
-| * | Multiplication |
-| / | Integer division (without decimal) |
-| % | Modulus division (only remainder) |
-| ** | Exponentiation (a to the power b) |
-
-> 🚧 Bash does not support floating points (decimals). You'll have to use other commands like`bc`to deal with them.
-
-### Addition and subtraction in bash
-
-Let's see it by writing a script that takes two numbers from the user and then prints their sum and subtraction.
-
-```
-#!/bin/bash
-
-read -p "Enter first number: " num1
-read -p "Enter second number: " num2
-
-sum=$(($num1+$num2))
-sub=$(($num1-$num2))
-echo "The summation of $num1 and $num2 is $sum"
-echo "The substraction of $num2 from $num1 is $sub"
-```
-
-I believe you are familiar with using the read command to [accept user input in bash][1] from the previous chapter.
-
-You should focus on these two lines:
-
-```
-sum=$(($num1+$num2))
-sub=$(($num1-$num2))
-```
-
-Save this script as `sum.sh` and run it. Give it some inputs and check the result.
-
-![Example of addition and subtraction in Bash shell script][2]
-
-### Multiplication in bash
-
-Let's move to multiplication now.
-
-Here's a sample script that converts kilometers into meters (and troubles US readers :D). For reference, 1 kilometer is equal to 1000 meters.
-
-```
-#!/bin/bash
-
-read -p "Enter distance in kilometers: " km
-meters=$(($km*1000))
-
-echo "$km KM equals to $meters meters"
-```
-
-Save the script as `multi.sh`, give it execute permission and run it. Here's a sample output:
-
-![Multiplication in bash script][3]
-
-Looks good, no? Let's move on to division.
-
-### Division in bash scripts
-
-Let's see division with a very simple script:
-
-```
-#!/bin/bash
-
-num1=50
-num2=5
-
-result=$(($num1/$num2))
-
-echo "The result is $result"
-```
-
-You can easily guess the result:
-
-```
-The result is 10
-```
-
-That's fine. But let's change the numbers and try to divide 50 by 6. Here's what it shows as result:
-
-```
-The result is 8
-```
-
-**But that's not correct.** The correct answer should be 8.33333.
-
-That's because bash only deals with integers by default. You need additional CLI tools to handle floating points (decimals).
-
-The most popular tool is [bc][4] which is quite a powerful calculator language to deal with mathematical operations. However, you don't need to go into detail for now.
-
-You have to 'echo' the arithmetic operation to bc via pipe:
-
-```
-echo "$num1/$num2" | bc -l
-```
-
-So, the previous script is modified into:
-
-```
-#!/bin/bash
-
-num1=50
-num2=6
-
-result=$(echo "$num1/$num2" | bc -l)
-
-echo "The result is $result"
-```
-
-And now you get the result:
-
-```
-The result is 8.33333333333333333333
-```
-
-Notice the `result=$(echo "$num1/$num2" | bc -l)`, it now uses the command substitution that you saw in [chapter 2 of this series][5].
-
-The `-l` option loads standard math library. By default, bc will go up to 20 decimal points. You can change the scale to something smaller in this way:
-
-```
-result=$(echo "scale=3; $num1/$num2" | bc -l)
-```
-
-Let's see some more examples of floating points in bash.
-
-### Handling floating points in bash scripts
-
-Let's modify the `sum.sh` script to handle floating points.
-
-```
-#!/bin/bash
-
-read -p "Enter first number: " num1
-read -p "Enter second number: " num2
-
-sum=$( echo "$num1+$num2" | bc -l)
-sub=$( echo "scale=2; $num1-$num2" | bc -l)
-echo "The summation of $num1 and $num2 is $sum"
-echo "The substraction of $num2 from $num1 is $sub"
-```
-
-Try running it now and see if handles floating points properly or not:
-
-![Floating points in bash script][6]
-
-### 🏋️🤸 Exercise time
-
-Time to do some maths and bash exercises together.
-
-**Exercise 1**: Create a script that accepts input in GB and outputs its equivalent value in MB and KB.
-
-**Exercise 2**: Write a script that takes two arguments and outputs the result in exponential format.
-
-So, if you enter 2 and 3, the output will be 8, which is 2 to the power 3.
-
-**Hint**: Use the exponentiation operator **
-
-**Exercise 3**: Write a script that converts Centigrade to Fahrenheit.
-
-**Hint**: Use the formula F = C x (9/5) + 32. You'll have to use `bc` command here.
-
-You can discuss the exercises and their solution in the community.
-
-In the next chapter, you'll [learn about arrays in Bash][7]. Stay tuned.
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://itsfoss.com/bash-arithmetic-operation/
-
-作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
-选题：[lkxed][b]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
-[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
-[1]: https://itsfoss.com/bash-pass-arguments/
-[2]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/07/addition-substraction-bash-script.png
-[3]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/07/multiplication-bash-script.png
-[4]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/manual/html_mono/bc.html
-[5]: https://itsfoss.com/bash-use-variables/
-[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/07/floating-point-bash.png
-[7]: https://itsfoss.com/bash-arrays/
diff --git a/translated/tech/20230703.0 ⭐️⭐️ Bash Basics Series 4 Arithmetic Operations.md b/translated/tech/20230703.0 ⭐️⭐️ Bash Basics Series 4 Arithmetic Operations.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17116146fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/translated/tech/20230703.0 ⭐️⭐️ Bash Basics Series 4 Arithmetic Operations.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+[#]: subject: "Bash Basics Series #4: Arithmetic Operations"
+[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/bash-arithmetic-operation/"
+[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
+[#]: collector: "lkxed"
+[#]: translator: "geekpi"
+[#]: reviewer: " "
+[#]: publisher: " "
+[#]: url: " "
+
+Bash 基础知识系列 #4：算术运算
+======
+
+你可以使用 bash 脚本做很多事情。对变量执行简单的算术运算就是其中之一。
+
+bash shell 中算术运算的语法如下：
+
+```
+$((arithmetic_operation))
+```
+
+假设你必须计算两个变量的总和。你这样做：
+
+```
+sum=$(($num1 + $num2))
+```
+
+(()) 内空格的使用没有限制。你可以使用 `$(( $num1+ $num2))`、`$(( $num1+ $num2 ))` 或者 `$(( $num1+ $num2 ))`。它们都一样。
+
+在通过示例详细讨论之前，我先分享一下它支持的算术运算符。
+
+### Bash 中的基本算术运算符
+
+以下是 Bash shell 中算术运算符的列表。
+
+| 运算符 | 描述 |
+| :- | :- |
+| + | 加法 |
+| - | 减法|
+| * | 乘法|
+| / | 整数除法（不带小数） |
+| % | 模除法（仅余数）|
+| ** | 求幂（a 的 b 次方）|
+
+> 🚧 Bash 不支持浮点数（小数）。你必须使用其他命令（例如“bc”）来处理它们。
+
+### bash 中的加法和减法
+
+让我们通过编写一个脚本来看看它，该脚本从用户那里获取两个数字，然后打印它们的总和和减法。
+
+```
+#!/bin/bash
+
+read -p "Enter first number: " num1
+read -p "Enter second number: " num2
+
+sum=$(($num1+$num2))
+sub=$(($num1-$num2))
+echo "The summation of $num1 and $num2 is $sum"
+echo "The substraction of $num2 from $num1 is $sub"
+```
+
+我相信你熟悉上一章中使用 read 命令来[在 bash 中接受用户输入][1]。
+
+你应该关注这两行：
+
+```
+sum=$(($num1+$num2))
+sub=$(($num1-$num2))
+```
+
+将此脚本保存为 `sum.sh` 并运行它。给它一些输入并检查结果。
+
+![Example of addition and subtraction in Bash shell script][2]
+
+### bash 中的乘法
+
+现在让我们转向乘法。
+
+这是一个将公里转换为米的示例脚本（这给美国读者带来了麻烦：D）。作为参考，1 公里等于 1000 米。
+
+```
+#!/bin/bash
+
+read -p "Enter distance in kilometers: " km
+meters=$(($km*1000))
+
+echo "$km KM equals to $meters meters"
+```
+
+将脚本保存为 `multi.sh`，赋予其执行权限并运行它。这是一个示例输出：
+
+![Multiplication in bash script][3]
+
+看起来不错，不是吗？ 让我们继续进行除法。
+
+### bash 脚本中的除法
+
+让我们用一个非常简单的脚本来看看除法：
+
+```
+#!/bin/bash
+
+num1=50
+num2=5
+
+result=$(($num1/$num2))
+
+echo "The result is $result"
+```
+
+你很容易猜到结果：
+
+```
+The result is 10
+```
+
+没关系。但是让我们更改数字并尝试将 50 除以 6。结果如下：
+
+```
+The result is 8
+```
+
+**但这不正确。** 正确答案应该是 8.33333。
+
+这是因为 bash 默认情况下只处理整数。你需要额外的命令行工具来处理浮点（小数）。
+
+最流行的工具是[bc][4]，它是一种处理数学运算的非常强大的计算器语言。不过，你现在不需要关注细节。
+
+你必须通过管道将算术运算“回显”给 bc：
+
+```
+echo "$num1/$num2" | bc -l
+```
+
+于是，将之前的脚本修改为：
+
+```
+#!/bin/bash
+
+num1=50
+num2=6
+
+result=$(echo "$num1/$num2" | bc -l)
+
+echo "The result is $result"
+```
+
+现在你得到结果：
+
+```
+The result is 8.33333333333333333333
+```
+
+请注意 `result=$(echo "$num1/$num2" | bc -l)`，它现在使用你在[本系列第 2 章][5]中看到的命令替换。
+
+`-l` 选项加载标准数学库。默认情况下，bc 最多保留 20 位小数。你可以通过以下方式将比例更改为较小的值：
+
+```
+result=$(echo "scale=3; $num1/$num2" | bc -l)
+```
+
+让我们看看 bash 中浮点的更多示例。
+
+### 在 bash 脚本中处理浮点
+
+让我们修改 `sum.sh` 脚本来处理浮点。
+
+```
+#!/bin/bash
+
+read -p "Enter first number: " num1
+read -p "Enter second number: " num2
+
+sum=$( echo "$num1+$num2" | bc -l)
+sub=$( echo "scale=2; $num1-$num2" | bc -l)
+echo "The summation of $num1 and $num2 is $sum"
+echo "The substraction of $num2 from $num1 is $sub"
+```
+
+现在尝试运行它，看看是否可以正确处理浮点：
+
+![Floating points in bash script][6]
+
+### 🏋️🤸 练习时间
+
+是时候一起做一些数学和 bash 练习了。
+
+**练习 1**：创建一个脚本，接受以 GB 为单位的输入并以 MB 和 KB 为单位输出其等效值。
+
+**练习 2**：编写一个带有两个参数并以指数格式输出结果的脚本。
+
+因此，如果输入 2 和 3，输出将为 8，即 2 的 3 次方。
+
+**提示**：使用幂运算符**
+
+**练习 3**：编写一个将摄氏度转换为华氏度的脚本。
+
+**提示**：使用公式 F = C x (9/5) + 32。你必须在此处使用 `bc` 命令。
+
+你可以在社区中讨论练习及其方案。
+
+在下一章中，你将[了解 Bash 中的数组][7]。敬请关注。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://itsfoss.com/bash-arithmetic-operation/
+
+作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
+选题：[lkxed][b]
+译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
+[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
+[1]: https://itsfoss.com/bash-pass-arguments/
+[2]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/07/addition-substraction-bash-script.png
+[3]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/07/multiplication-bash-script.png
+[4]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/manual/html_mono/bc.html
+[5]: https://itsfoss.com/bash-use-variables/
+[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/07/floating-point-bash.png
+[7]: https://itsfoss.com/bash-arrays/