From 4f42b0ae3f74d3f86fa50b20cf2b3d637225b7fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=98=E8=B6=85=E6=99=BA?= Date: Thu, 18 Feb 2021 16:44:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] The translation completes a part --- ...00629 LaTeX typesetting part 2 (tables).md | 203 +++++++----------- 1 file changed, 82 insertions(+), 121 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20200629 LaTeX typesetting part 2 (tables).md b/sources/tech/20200629 LaTeX typesetting part 2 (tables).md index e7e53604cb..266929ed4c 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20200629 LaTeX typesetting part 2 (tables).md +++ b/sources/tech/20200629 LaTeX typesetting part 2 (tables).md @@ -7,239 +7,200 @@ [#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/latex-typesetting-part-2-tables/) [#]: author: (Earl Ramirez https://fedoramagazine.org/author/earlramirez/) -LaTeX typesetting part 2 (tables) +LaTex 排版（2）：表格 ====== ![][1] -LaTeX offers a number of tools to create and customise tables, in this series we will be using the tabular and tabularx environment to create and customise tables. +LaTeX 提供了许多工具来创建和定制表格，在本系列中，我们将使用 tabular 和 tabularx 环境来创建和定制表。 -### Basic table +### 基础表格 -To create a table you simply specify the environment \begin{tabular}{columns} -``` +要创建表，只需指定环境 `\begin{tabular}{列选项}` ``` - \begin{tabular}{c|c} -    Release &Codename \\\ \hline -    Fedora  Core 1 &Yarrow \\\ -    Fedora Core 2 &Tettnang \\\ -    Fedora Core 3 &Heidelberg \\\ -    Fedora Core 4 &Stentz \\\ + Release &Codename \\ \hline + Fedora Core 1 &Yarrow \\ + Fedora Core 2 &Tettnang \\ + Fedora Core 3 &Heidelberg \\ + Fedora Core 4 &Stentz \\ \end{tabular} ``` -``` - ![Basic Table][2] -In the above example "{c|c}" in the curly bracket refers to the position of the text in the column. The below table summarises the positional argument together with the description. +在上面的示例中，花括号中的”{c|c}”表示文本在列中的位置。下表总结了位置参数及其说明。 -Position | Argument ----|--- -c | Position text in the centre -l | Position text left-justified -r | Position text right-justified -p{width} | Align the text at the top of the cell -m{width} | Align the text in the middle of the cell -b{width} | Align the text at the bottom of the cell +参数 | 位置 +|:---:|:--- +c | 将文本置于中间 +l | 将文本左对齐 +r | 将文本右对齐 +p{width} | 文本对齐单元格顶部 +m{width} | 文本对齐单元格中间 +b{width} | 文本对齐单元格底部 ->Both m{width} and b{width} requires the array package to be specified in the preamble. +> m{width} 和 b{width} 都要求在最前面指定数组包。 -Using the example above, let us breakdown the important points used and describe a few more options that you will see in this series +使用上面的例子，让我们来详细讲解使用的要点，并描述您将在本系列中看到的更多选项 -Option | Description ----|--- -& | Defines each cell, the ampersand is only used from the second column -\ | This terminates the row and start a new row -| -\hline | Specifies the horizontal line (optional) -*{num}{form} | This is handy when you have many columns and is an efficient way of limiting the repetition -| +选项 | 意义 +|:-:|:-| +& | 定义每个单元格，这个符号仅用于第二列 +\ | 这将终止该行并开始一个新行 +\| | 指定表格中的垂直线（可选） +\hline | 指定表格中水平线（可选） +*{num}{form} | 当您有许多列时，可以使用这个，并且是限制重复的有效方法 +\|\| | 指定表格中垂直双线 -### Customising our table +### 定制表格 -Now that some of the options available let create a table using the options described in the previous section. -``` +学会了这些选项，让我们使用这些选项创建一个表。 ``` - \begin{tabular}{*{3}{|l|}} \hline -    \textbf{Version} &\textbf{Code name} &\textbf{Year released} \\\ + \textbf{Version} &\textbf{Code name} &\textbf{Year released} \\ \hline -    Fedora 6 &Zod &2006 \\\ \hline -    Fedora 7 &Moonshine &2007 \\\ \hline -    Fedora 8 &Werewolf &2007 \\\ + Fedora 6 &Zod &2006 \\ \hline + Fedora 7 &Moonshine &2007 \\ \hline + Fedora 8 &Werewolf &2007 \\ \hline \end{tabular} ``` -``` - ![Customise Table][3] -### Managing long text +### 管理长文本 -With LaTeX if there are many texts in a column it will not be formatted well and does not look presentable. +如果列中有很多文本，那么它的格式就不好处理，看起来也不好看。 -The below example shows how long text is formatted, we will use "blindtext" in the preamble so that we can produce sample text. -``` +下面的示例显示了文本的格式长度，我们将在导言区中使用 “blindtext”，以便生成示例文本。 ``` - \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline -    Summary &Description \\\ \hline -    Test &\blindtext \\\ + Summary &Description \\ \hline + Test &\blindtext \\ \end{tabular} ``` -``` - ![Default Formatting][4] -As you can see the text exceed the page width; however, there are a couple of options to overcome this challenge. +正如您所看到的，文本超出了页面宽度；但是，有几个选项可以克服这个问题。 - * Specify the column width, for example, m{5cm} - * Utilise the tabularx environment, this requires tabularx package in the preamble. + * 指定列宽，例如 m{5cm} + * 利用 TABLARX 环境，这需要在导言区中引用 TABLARX 宏包。 +#### 使用列宽管理长文本 -### Managing long text with column width - -By specifying the column width the text will be wrapped into the width as shown in the example below. -``` +通过指定列宽，文本将被包装为如下示例所示的宽度。 ``` - \begin{tabular}{|l|m{14cm}|} \hline -    Summary &Description \\\ \hline -    Test &\blindtext \\\ \hline + Summary &Description \\ \hline + Test &\blindtext \\ \hline \end{tabular}\vspace{3mm} ``` -``` - ![Column width][5] -### Managing long text with tabularx +#### 使用 tabularx 管理长文本 -Before we can leverage tabularx we need to add it in the preamble. Tabularx takes the following example +在我们利用表格之前，我们需要在导言区中加上它。TABLARX 方法见以下示例 + +`\begin{tabularx}{宽度}{列选项}` -**\begin{tabularx}{width}{columns}** -``` ``` - \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|l|X|} \hline -Summary & Tabularx Description\\\ \hline -Text &\blindtext \\\ \hline +Summary & Tabularx Description\\ \hline +Text &\blindtext \\ \hline \end{tabularx} ``` -``` ![Tabularx][6] -Notice that the column that we want the long text to be wrapped has a capital "X" specified. +请注意，我们需要处理长文本的列在花括号中指定了大写“X”。 -### Multirow and multicolumn +### 合并行合并列 -There are times when you will need to merge rows and/or column. This section describes how it is accomplished. To use multirow and multicolumn add multirow to the preamble. +有时需要合并行或列。本节描述了如何完成。要使用 multirow 和 multicolumn，请将 multirow 添加到导言区。 -### Multirow +#### 合并行 -Multirow takes the following argument _\multirow{number_of_rows}{width}{text}_, let us look at the below example. -``` +Multirow 采用以下参数`\multirow{行的数量}{宽度}{文本}`，让我们看看下面的示例。 ``` - \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline -    Release &Codename \\\ \hline -    Fedora Core 4 &Stentz \\\ \hline -    \multirow{2}{*}{MultiRow} &Fedora 8 \\\ -    &Werewolf \\\ \hline + Release &Codename \\ \hline + Fedora Core 4 &Stentz \\ \hline + \multirow{2}{*}{MultiRow} &Fedora 8 \\ + &Werewolf \\ \hline \end{tabular} ``` -``` - ![MultiRow][7] -In the above example, two rows were specified, the ‘*’ tells LaTeX to automatically manage the size of the cell. +在上面的示例中，指定了两行，'*'告诉LaTeX自动管理单元格的大小。 -### Multicolumn +#### 合并列 -Multicolumn argument is _\multicolumn{number_of_columns}{cell_position}{text}_, below example demonstrates multicolumn. -``` +Multicolumn 参数是 `{Multicolumn{列的数量}{单元格选项}{位置}{文本}`，下面的示例演示 Multicolumn。 ``` - \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|}\hline -    Release &Codename &Date \\\ \hline -    Fedora Core 4 &Stentz &2005 \\\ \hline -    \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Mulit-Column} \\\ \hline + Release &Codename &Date \\ \hline + Fedora Core 4 &Stentz &2005 \\ \hline + \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Mulit-Column} \\ \hline \end{tabular} ``` -``` - ![Multi-Column][8] -### Working with colours +### 使用颜色 -Colours can be assigned to the text, an individual cell or the entire row. Additionally, we can configure alternating colours for each row. +可以为文本、单个单元格或整行指定颜色。此外，我们可以为每一行配置交替的颜色。 -Before we can add colour to our tables we need to include _\usepackage[table]{xcolor}_ into the preamble. We can also define colours using the following colour reference [LaTeX Colour][9] or by adding an exclamation after the colour prefixed by the shade from 0 to 100. For example, _gray!30_ -``` +在给表添加颜色之前，我们需要在导言区引用 `\usepackage[table]{xcolor}`。我们还可以使用以下颜色参考 [LaTeX Color][9] 或在颜色前缀后面添加感叹号（从0到100的阴影）来定义颜色。例如，`gray!30` ``` - \definecolor{darkblue}{rgb}{0.0, 0.0, 0.55} \definecolor{darkgray}{rgb}{0.66, 0.66, 0.66} ``` -``` - -Below example demonstrate this a table with alternate colours, \rowcolors take the following options _\rowcolors{row_start_colour}{even_row_colour}{odd_row_colour}_. -``` +下面的示例演示了一个具有各种颜色的表，`\rowcolors` 采用以下选项`\rowcolors{起始行颜色}{偶数行颜色}{奇数行颜色}`。 ``` - \rowcolors{2}{darkgray}{gray!20} \begin{tabular}{c|c} -    Release &Codename \\\ \hline -    Fedora  Core 1 &Yarrow \\\ -    Fedora Core 2 &Tettnang \\\ -    Fedora Core 3 &Heidelberg \\\ -    Fedora Core 4 &Stentz \\\ + Release &Codename \\ \hline + Fedora Core 1 &Yarrow \\ + Fedora Core 2 &Tettnang \\ + Fedora Core 3 &Heidelberg \\ + Fedora Core 4 &Stentz \\ \end{tabular} ``` -``` - ![Alt colour table][10] -In addition to the above example, \rowcolor can be used to specify the colour of each row, this method works best when there are multi-rows. The following examples show the impact of using the \rowcolours with multi-row and how to work around it. +除了上面的例子，`\rowcolor` 可以用来指定每一行的颜色，这个方法在有合并行时效果最好。以下示例显示将 `\rowColors` 与合并行一起使用的影响以及如何解决此问题。 ![Impact on multi-row][11] -As you can see the _multi-row_ is visible in the first row, to fix this we have to do the following. -``` +你可以看到，在合并行中，只有第一行能显示颜色。想要解决这个问题，需要这样做： ``` - \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline -    \rowcolor{darkblue}\textsc{\color{white}Release}  &\textsc{\color{white}Codename} \\\ \hline -    \rowcolor{gray!10}Fedora Core 4 &Stentz \\\ \hline -    \rowcolor{gray!40}&Fedora 8 \\\ -    \rowcolor{gray!40}\multirow{-2}{*}{Multi-Row} &Werewolf \\\ \hline + \rowcolor{darkblue}\textsc{\color{white}Release} &\textsc{\color{white}Codename} \\ \hline + \rowcolor{gray!10}Fedora Core 4 &Stentz \\ \hline + \rowcolor{gray!40}&Fedora 8 \\ + \rowcolor{gray!40}\multirow{-2}{*}{Multi-Row} &Werewolf \\ \hline \end{tabular} ``` -``` - ![Multi-row][12] Let us discuss the changes that were implemented to resolve the multi-row with the alternate colour issue.