diff --git a/published/20230110.0 ⭐️⭐️ A guide to strings in MySQL.md b/published/20230110.0 ⭐️⭐️ A guide to strings in MySQL.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..73372bd403 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20230110.0 ⭐️⭐️ A guide to strings in MySQL.md @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +[#]: subject: "A guide to strings in MySQL" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/23/1/strings-mysql" +[#]: author: "Hunter Coleman https://opensource.com/users/hunterc" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "wxy" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15434-1.html" + +MySQL 字符串指南 +====== + +![][0] + +> 了解 MySQL 如何存储和显示你的字符串变量,以便你能更好地控制你的数据。 + +字符串是你在 MySQL 中使用的最常见的数据类型之一。许多用户在他们的数据库中插入和读取字符串,而没有认真地了解过它们。本文旨在让你深入了解 MySQL 如何存储和显示你的字符串变量,以便你能更好地控制你的数据。 + +你可以把字符串分成两类:二进制和非二进制。你可能在大多数时候想到的是非二进制字符串。非二进制字符串有字符集和排序的不同。另一方面,二进制字符串存储诸如 MP3 文件或图像等东西。即使你在二进制字符串中存储了一个词,比如“歌曲”,它的存储方式也与非二进制字符串不同。 + +我将重点讨论非二进制字符串。MySQL 中的所有非二进制字符串都与字符集和排序相关。字符串的字符集控制哪些字符可以存储在字符串中,而它的排序方式控制当你显示字符串时如何排序。 + +### 字符集 + +要查看你系统中的字符集,请运行以下命令: + +``` +SHOW CHARACTER SET; +``` + +这个命令将输出四列数据,包括字符集: + +- 名称 +- 简要描述 +- 默认的排序方式 +- 字符集中每个字符的最大尺寸 + +MySQL 过去默认为 `latin1` 字符集,但自 8.0 版以来,默认为 `utf8mb4`。现在的默认排序方式是 `utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci`。`ai` 表示该排序对音调不敏感( `á` = `a`),而 `ci` 则指定它对大小写不敏感(`a` = `A`)。 + +不同的字符集将其字符存储在内存中不同大小的块中。例如,从上面的命令可以看出,存储在 `utf8mb4` 的字符被存储在 1 到 4 个字节大小的内存中。如果你想看看一个字符串是否包含多字节的字符,你可以使用 `CHAR_LENGTH()` 和 `LENGTH()` 函数。`CHAR_LENGTH()` 显示一个字符串包含多少个字符,而 `LENGTH()` 显示一个字符串有多少个字节,根据字符集的不同,它可能与一个字符串的字符长度相同,也可能不相同。下面是一个例子: + +``` +SET @a = CONVERT('data' USING latin1); + +SELECT LENGTH(@a), CHAR_LENGTH(@a); + ++------------+-----------------+ +| LENGTH(@a) | CHAR_LENGTH(@a) | ++------------+-----------------+ +| 4 | 4 | ++------------+-----------------+ +``` + +这个例子表明,`latin1` 字符集以单字节为单位存储字符。其他字符集,如 `utf16`,允许多字节的字符: + +``` +SET @b = CONVERT('data' USING utf16); + +SELECT LENGTH(@b), CHAR_LENGTH(@b); + ++------------+------------------+ +| LENGTH(@b) | CHAR_LENGTH(@b) | ++------------+------------------+ +| 8 | 4 | ++------------+------------------+ +``` + +### 排序 + +当你运行带有 `ORDER BY` 子句的 SQL 语句时,字符串排序方式将决定值的显示方式。你对排序方式的选择是由你选择的字符集决定的。当你运行上面的 `SHOW CHARACTER SET` 命令时,你看到了每个字符集的默认排序方式。你可以很容易地看到某个特定字符集的所有排序方式。例如,如果你想查看 `utf8mb4` 字符集允许哪些排序,请运行: + +``` +SHOW COLLATION LIKE 'utf8mb4%'; +``` + +排序方式可以是不区分大小写的,也可以是区分大小写的,或者是二进制的。让我们建立一个简单的表,向其中插入一些值,然后用不同的排序方式查看数据,看看输出结果有什么不同: + +``` +CREATE TABLE sample (s CHAR(5)); + +INSERT INTO sample (s) VALUES + ('AAAAA'), ('ccccc'), ('bbbbb'), ('BBBBB'), ('aaaaa'), ('CCCCC'); + +SELECT * FROM sample; + ++-----------+ +| s | ++-----------+ +| AAAAA | +| ccccc | +| bbbbb | +| BBBBB | +| aaaaa | +| CCCCC | ++-----------+ +``` + +在不区分大小写的情况下,你的数据会按字母顺序返回,但不能保证大写的单词会排在小写的单词之前,如下图所示: + +``` +SELECT * FROM sample ORDER BY s COLLATE utf8mb4_turkish_ci; + ++-----------+ +| s | ++-----------+ +| AAAAA | +| aaaaa | +| bbbbb | +| BBBBB | +| ccccc | +| CCCCC | ++-----------+ +``` + +另一方面,当 MySQL 运行大小写敏感的搜索时,每个字母的小写将排在大写之前: + +``` +SELECT * FROM sample ORDER BY s COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_as_cs; + ++-----------+ +| s | ++-----------+ +| aaaaa | +| AAAAA | +| bbbbb | +| BBBBB | +| ccccc | +| CCCCC | ++-----------+ +``` + +而按二进制排序方式将返回所有大写的值,然后再返回小写的值: + +``` +SELECT * FROM sample ORDER BY s COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_bin; + ++-----------+ +| s | ++-----------+ +| AAAAA | +| ccccc | +| bbbbb | +| BBBBB | +| aaaaa | +| CCCCC | ++-----------+ +``` + +如果你想知道一个字符串使用哪种字符集和排序,你可以使用被恰当命名的 `charset` 和 `collation` 函数。运行 MySQL 8.0 或更高版本的服务器将默认使用 `utf8mb4` 字符集和 `utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci` 排序: + +``` +SELECT charset('data'); + ++-------------------+ +| charset('data') | ++-------------------+ +| utf8mb4 | ++-------------------+ + +SELECT collation('data'); + ++--------------------+ +| collation('data') | ++--------------------+ +| utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | ++--------------------+ +``` + +你可以使用 `SET NAMES` 命令来改变所使用的字符集或排序方式。 + +要从 `utf8mb4` 字符集改为 `utf16`,运行这个命令: + +``` +SET NAMES 'utf16'; +``` + +如果你想选择默认以外的排序方式,你可以在 `SET NAMES` 命令中添加一个 `COLLATE` 子句。 + +例如,假设你的数据库存储西班牙语的单词。MySQL 的默认排序(`utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci`)将 `ch` 和 `ll` 视为两个不同的字符,并将它们排序。但在西班牙语中,`ch` 和 `ll` 是单独的字母,所以如果你想让它们按正确的顺序排序(分别排在 `c` 和 `l` 之后),你需要使用不同的排序。一个选择是使用 `utf8mb4_spanish2_ci` 排序方式: + +``` +SET NAMES 'utf8mb4' COLLATE 'utf8mb4_spanish2_ci'; +``` + +### 储存字符串 + +MySQL 允许你为你的字符串值选择不同的数据类型。(甚至比其他流行的数据库,如 PostgreSQL 和 MongoDB 更多。) + +下面是 MySQL 的二进制字符串数据类型的列表、它们的非二进制对应物,以及它们的最大长度: + +- `binary`:`char`(255) +- `varbinary`:`varchar`(65,535) +- `tinyblob`:`tinytext`(255) +- `blob`:`text`(65,535) +- `mediumblob`:`mediumtext`(16,777,215) +- `longblob`:`longtext`(4,294,967,295) + +要记住的一件重要事情是,与被存储在可变长度的字段中的 `varbinary`、`varchar`、`text` 和 `blob` 类型不同(也就是说,只使用需要的空间),MySQL 将二进制(`binary`)和字符(`char`)类型存储在固定长度的字段。因此,像 `char(20)` 或 `binary(20)` 这样的值将总是占用 20 个字节,即使你在其中存储了少于 20 个字符。对于二进制类型,MySQL用 ASCII NUL 值(`0x00`)填充这些值,对于 字符类型,用空格填充。 + +在选择数据类型时要考虑的另一件事是,你是否希望在字符串后面的空格被保留或剥离。在显示数据时,MySQL 会从以字符数据类型存储的数据中剥离空格,但不会剥离 `varchar` 的空格。 + +``` +CREATE TABLE sample2 (s1 CHAR(10), s2 VARCHAR(10)); + +INSERT INTO sample2 (s1, s2) VALUES ('cat ', 'cat '); + +SELECT s1, s2, CHAR_LENGTH(s1), CHAR_LENGTH(s2) FROM sample2; + ++---------+---------+-----------------------------------+ +| s1 | s2 | CHAR_LENGTH(s1) | CHAR_LENGTH(s2) | ++---------+---------+-----------------------------------+ +| cat | cat | 3 | 10 | ++---------+---------+-----------------------------------+ +``` + +### 总结 + +字符串是数据库中最常用的数据类型之一,而 MySQL 仍然是当今最流行的数据库系统之一。我希望你能从这篇文章中学到一些新的东西,并能用你的新知识来提高你的数据库技能。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/23/1/strings-mysql + +作者:[Hunter Coleman][a] +选题:[lkxed][b] +译者:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) +校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/hunterc +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[0]: https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202301/11/161410lh9944zpgjgmgs8t.jpg \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/published/20230110.2 ⭐️ Wow! CoolerMaster's MasterPlus Software to Go Open Source!.md b/published/20230110.2 ⭐️ Wow! CoolerMaster's MasterPlus Software to Go Open Source!.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..000cffc3b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20230110.2 ⭐️ Wow! CoolerMaster's MasterPlus Software to Go Open Source!.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +[#]: subject: "Wow! CoolerMaster's MasterPlus Software to Go Open Source!" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/coolermaster-open-source-software/" +[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "wxy" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15433-1.html" + +酷冷至尊(CoolerMaster)的 MasterPlus 软件即将开源 +====== + +> MasterPlus 将被彻底改造并推出开源版本?听起来不错! + +![][1] + +大多数游戏/外设软件套装要么是专有的,要么是没有对 Linux 的官方支持。 + +因此,我们必须不断寻找开源工具来配置我们的硬件以获得原生功能。 + +像 [Piper][2]、[OpenRGB][3]、[Solaar][4] 等在这些情况下都很有用。 + +但是,有时候,即使是这些也是不够的。 + +幸运的是,[酷冷至尊(CoolerMaster)][5] 已经决定发布其 [MasterPlus][6] 软件的开源版本,旨在为其散热器和第三方的散热器提供服务。 + +**虽然这并不能保证它可以用在 Linux 系统上,但我们绝对可以期待它。** + +此举也应该鼓励雷蛇和罗技这样公司考虑制作精简过的开源工具。 + +让我们看看酷冷至尊打算怎么做。 + +### MasterPlus 开源版本:我们目前所知的情况 + +![酷冷至尊 Masterplus 改版][7] + +**酷冷至尊在最近的 [CES 2023][8] 活动中透露了他们计划发布新的 MasterPlus 开源版本**。感谢来自 [Boring Text Reviews][9] 的 Albert 让我们注意到了这一点。 + +**预期会有什么?** 对 MasterPlus 软件进行了全面的重新设计,有一个 API 插件系统,允许非酷冷至尊散热器与之整合。 + +他们已经澄清,酷冷至尊的独有功能不能配合其他散热器一起工作。因此,诸如检测 AIO 散热器的泄漏或计算 PSU 的效率等,都不能对第三方产品进行跟踪。 + +相反,该应用程序将只支持读取基本的性能信息,如温度和风扇速度,并能够配置 ARGB 设备。 + +如果你问我,**这总比没有好。** 而且,如果你的系统碰巧使用了酷冷至尊的组件,这对你来说是一个令人兴奋的消息! + +酷冷至尊还展示了 API 系统的潜在应用,让它与一个照片应用程序挂钩,用它来控制集成在电脑机箱侧面的辅助显示器。 + +此外,他们还介绍了其软件的全面云整合。但遗憾的是,这部分不会开源。 + +**什么时候?** 我们还没有 MasterPlus 开源的具体发布日期。 + +但是,如果让我猜,2023 年的某个时候是最好的选择。 + +💬 _即使该工具没有被确认可以在 Linux 上工作,对开源工具来说也是一个好的开始,不是吗?你怎么看?_ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/coolermaster-open-source-software/ + +作者:[Sourav Rudra][a] +选题:[lkxed][b] +译者:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) +校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w2000/2023/01/coolermaster-masterplus-goes-opensource.png +[2]: https://github.com/libratbag/piper +[3]: https://openrgb.org +[4]: https://github.com/pwr-Solaar/Solaar +[5]: https://www.coolermaster.com +[6]: https://masterplus.coolermaster.com +[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/01/CoolerMaster_MasterPlus_Revamp-1.png +[8]: https://www.ces.tech +[9]: https://boringtextreviews.com/exclusive-say-goodbye-to-bloated-closed-source-software-coolermaster-to-release-new-open-source-version-of-its-software-with-api-integration-and-it-can-work-with-other-coolers-too diff --git a/sources/news/20230109.3 ⭐️ OBS Studio 29 Release Has Little in Store For Linux.md b/sources/news/20230109.3 ⭐️ OBS Studio 29 Release Has Little in Store For Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a6d65103b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20230109.3 ⭐️ OBS Studio 29 Release Has Little in Store For Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +[#]: subject: "OBS Studio 29 Release Has Little in Store For Linux" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/obs-studio-29-release/" +[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +OBS Studio 29 Release Has Little in Store For Linux +====== + +OBS Studio 29 is an exciting release with key improvements across all platforms. + +![OBS Studio 29 Release Has Little in Store For Linux][1] + +[OBS Studio][2] is one of the most popular open-source screen recording and streaming software. + +Used by many Linux users and content creators, it has a pretty neat set of tools and features that lets you record and stream content. + +Its last major release was back in September 2022, which brought in native support for Apple Silicon, updated UI, improved color support, and more. + +Its next release, v29, seems to be a bit interesting, but not so much for Linux users 😞 + +### OBS Studio 29: What's New? + +![obs studio 29][3] + +This release has plenty of improvements and fixes; some of the highlights include the following: + +- **Media key support for Linux** +- **New Audio Filters** +- **Improved NVIDIA Video and Audio Filters** +- **Better Encoder Support** +- **Various Fixes and Improvements** + +**Media key support:** You can finally use the media keys on your keyboard to control the playback or the volume with OBS on Linux. + +**New Audio Filters:** OBS Studio 29 features two new audio filters, an upward compressor filter, and a 3-band equalizer filter. + +**Improved NVIDIA Video and Audio Filters:** Various improvements have been made to these filters. + +A new Mask Refresh slider has been added, alongside support for temporal processing, that is supposed to provide better quality masking. + +**Better Encoder Support:** Well, OBS Studio 29 received improved support for several encoders, such as: + +- AMD AV1 Encoder for[RX7000 series][4] of GPUs on Windows. +- Intel AV1 Encoder for [Arc GPUs][5] on Windows. +- Intel HEVC Encoder on Windows. +- Native HEVC and ProRes encoders for macOS. + +> 📋 Note that support for these encoders is only for either Windows or macOS.Sadly, they miss out on support for Linux. We hope these are added in a future release of OBS Studio. + +**Various Fixes and Improvements:** Apart from the ones listed above, OBS Studio 29 features plenty of other changes, such as: + +- Websockets 5.1.0 +- The replay buffer's memory limit is now limited to 75% of installed system RAM, instead of being fixed to 8 GB. +- Support for encryption and authentication for SRT and RIST outputs. +- Ability to inspect and/or mute individual browser docks. +- Support for higher refresh rates in case of video captures. + +For more technical details, you can go through the [official release notes][6]. + +### Download OBS Studio 29 + +To get the latest OBS Studio 29, you can get the [Flatpak][7], the recommended method. + +You can also explore other installation methods mentioned in its official download page. + +[OBS Studio 29][8] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/obs-studio-29-release/ + +作者:[Sourav Rudra][a] +选题:[lkxed][b] +译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w2000/2023/01/obs-studio-29-release.png +[2]: https://obsproject.com +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/01/OBS_Studio_29.png +[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_RX_7000_series +[5]: https://www.intel.in/content/www/in/en/products/details/discrete-gpus/arc.html +[6]: https://github.com/obsproject/obs-studio/releases/tag/29.0.0 +[7]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.obsproject.Studio +[8]: https://obsproject.com/download diff --git a/sources/tech/20210105 A few bytes here, a few there, pretty soon you-re talking real memory.md b/sources/tech/20210105 A few bytes here, a few there, pretty soon you-re talking real memory.md index dfdd3ed0d0..feea6a91df 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210105 A few bytes here, a few there, pretty soon you-re talking real memory.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210105 A few bytes here, a few there, pretty soon you-re talking real memory.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (Drwhooooo) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( )