From b0c67ddca8adf7a2f5d21ffe502119358f2e27d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 11 Dec 2020 22:10:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/4] PRF @geekpi --- ...ack of multiple Git remote repositories.md | 62 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20201125 Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories.md b/translated/tech/20201125 Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories.md index f96a4c220d..ab131b84a5 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20201125 Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories.md +++ b/translated/tech/20201125 Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: translator: (geekpi) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: reviewer: (wxy) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) [#]: subject: (Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories) @@ -9,57 +9,54 @@ 跟踪多个 Git 远程仓库 ====== -拥有一致的命名标准是保持本地和上游 Git 仓库保持直线的关键。 -![Digital hand surrounding by objects, bike, light bulb, graphs][1] -当本地 Git 仓库的名称与远程仓库不一致时,与远程仓库协作就会变得很混乱。 +> 拥有一致的命名标准是保持本地和上游 Git 仓库保持一致的关键。 -解决此问题的一个方法是标准化两个词的使用和含义:`origin` 指的是你个人的 `example.com//*` 仓库,而 `upstream` 指的是你从 `origin` 仓库分叉出来的 `example.com` 仓库。换句话说,`upstream` 指的是公开提交工作的上游仓库,而 `origin` 指的是你在上游仓库的本地分叉,例如,你从那里生成拉取请求 (PR)。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202012/11/220828tjt9qlpmg1opvibq.jpg) + +当本地 Git 仓库的命名与远程仓库不一致时,与远程仓库协作就会变得很混乱。 + +解决此问题的一个方法是标准化两个词的使用和含义:`origin` 指的是你个人的 `example.com//*` 仓库,而 `upstream` 指的是你从 `origin` 仓库复刻fork出来的 `example.com` 仓库。换句话说,`upstream` 指的是公开提交工作的上游仓库,而 `origin` 指的是你对上游仓库的本地复刻,例如,你从这里生成拉取请求pull request(PR)。 以 [pbench][2] 仓库为例,下面是一个逐步建立新的本地克隆的方法,其中 `origin` 和 `upstream` 的定义是一致的。 - 1. 在大多数 Git 托管服务上,当你想在上面工作时,必须对它进行分叉。当你运行自己的 Git 服务器时,这并不是必要的,但对于一个公开的代码库来说,这是一个在贡献者之间传输差异的简单方法。 +1、在大多数 Git 托管服务上,当你想在上面工作时,必须对它进行复刻。当你运行自己的 Git 服务器时,这并不是必要的,但对于一个公开的代码库来说,这是一个在贡献者之间传输差异的简单方法。 + +创建一个 Git 仓库的复刻。在这个例子中,假设你的复刻位于 `example.com//pbench`。 - 创建一个 Git 仓库的分叉。在这个例子中,假设你的分叉位于 `example.com//pbench`。 - - 2. 接下来,你必须获得一个统一资源标识符 ([URI][3]),以便通过 SSH 进行克隆。在大多数 Git 托管服务上,比如 GitLab 或 GitHub,它在一个标有 **Clone** 或 **Clone over SSH** 的按钮或面板上。将克隆 URI 复制到剪贴板中。 - - 3. 在你的开发系统中,使用你复制的文本克隆仓库: +2、接下来,你必须获得一个统一资源标识符 ([URI][3]),以便通过 SSH 进行克隆cloning。在大多数 Git 托管服务上,比如 GitLab 或 GitHub,它在一个标有 “Clone” 或 “Clone over SSH” 的按钮或面板上,可以将克隆 URI 复制到剪贴板中。 +3、在你的开发系统中,使用你复制的 URI 克隆仓库: ``` -`$ git clone git@example.com:/pbench.git` +$ git clone git@example.com:/pbench.git ``` + +这将以默认名称 `origin` 来克隆 Git 仓库,作为你的 `pbench` 仓库复刻副本。 -这将克隆 Git 仓库,默认名称为 `origin`,作为 pbench 仓库的分叉副本。 - - 4. 切换到刚才克隆的目录: - +4、切换到刚才克隆的目录: ``` -`$ cd ~/pbench` +$ cd ~/pbench ``` - 5. 下一步,获取源码仓库的 SSH URI(你最初分叉的那个)。这可能和上面的方法一样。找到 **Clone** 按钮或面板,复制克隆地址。在软件开发中,这通常被称为“上游”,因为(理论上)这是大多数提交发生的地方,而你打算让这些提交流向下游的仓库。 - - 6. 将 URI 添加到你的本地仓库中。是的,将有_两个不同_的远程分配给你的本地仓库副本: +5、下一步,获取源仓库的 SSH URI(你最初复刻的那个)。这可能和上面的方法一样。找到 “Clone” 按钮或面板,复制克隆地址。在软件开发中,这通常被称为“上游”,因为(理论上)这是大多数提交发生的地方,而你打算让这些提交流向下游的仓库。 +6、将 URI 添加到你的本地仓库中。是的,将有*两个不同*的远程仓库分配给你的本地仓库副本: ``` -`$ git remote add upstream \ git@example.com:bigproject/pbench.git` +$ git remote add upstream git@example.com:bigproject/pbench.git ``` - 7. 现在你有两个命名远程仓库:`origin` 和 `upstream`。 你可以用远程子命令查看你的远程仓库: - +7、现在你有两个命名远程仓库:`origin` 和 `upstream`。 你可以用 `remote` 子命令查看你的远程仓库: ``` -`$ git remote -v` +$ git remote -v ``` -现在,你的本地 `master` 分支正在跟踪 `origin` master,这不一定是你想要的。你可能想跟踪这个分支的 `upstream` 版本,因为大多数开发都在上游进行。 这个想法是,你要在从上游获得的内容的基础上添加更改。 - - 8. 将你的本地的 master 分支改成跟踪 `upstream/master`: +现在,你的本地 `master` 分支正在跟踪 `origin` 的 `master`,这不一定是你想要的。你可能想跟踪这个分支的 `upstream` 版本,因为大多数开发都在上游进行。这个想法是,你要在从上游获得的内容的基础上添加更改。 +8、将你的本地的 `master` 分支改成跟踪 `upstream/master`: ``` $ git fetch upstream @@ -68,8 +65,7 @@ $ git branch --set-upstream-to=upstream/master master 你可以对任何你想要的分支这样做,而不仅仅是 `master`。例如,有些项目使用 `dev` 分支来处理所有不稳定的变化,而将 `master` 保留给已批准发布的代码。 - 9. 一旦你设置了你的跟踪分支,一定要 `rebase` 你的 master 分支,使它与上游仓库的任何新变化保持一致: - +9、一旦你设置了你的跟踪分支,一定要变基(`rebase`)你的 `master` 分支,使它与上游仓库的任何新变化保持一致: ``` $ git remote update @@ -77,11 +73,7 @@ $ git checkout master $ git rebase ``` - - - - -这是一个保持 Git 仓库在不同分叉之间同步的好方法。如果你想自动完成这项工作,请阅读 Seth Kenlon 关于[使用 Ansible 托管 Git 仓库][4]的文章。 +这是一个保持 Git 仓库在不同复刻之间同步的好方法。如果你想自动完成这项工作,请阅读 Seth Kenlon 关于[使用 Ansible 托管 Git 仓库][4]的文章。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -90,7 +82,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/multiple-git-repositories 作者:[Peter Portante][a] 选题:[lujun9972][b] 译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From d55d3e01818e092f142c1bc48d3fe21d97f82508 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 11 Dec 2020 22:13:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/4] PUB @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-12911-1.html --- ...20201125 Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20201125 Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories.md (98%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20201125 Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories.md b/published/20201125 Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories.md similarity index 98% rename from translated/tech/20201125 Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories.md rename to published/20201125 Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories.md index ab131b84a5..4c1ce8711e 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20201125 Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories.md +++ b/published/20201125 Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: translator: (geekpi) [#]: reviewer: (wxy) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: publisher: (wxy) +[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12911-1.html) [#]: subject: (Keep track of multiple Git remote repositories) [#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/11/multiple-git-repositories) [#]: author: (Peter Portante https://opensource.com/users/portante) From 213ce72b5fcc182c39113f269a79274b344841f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 11 Dec 2020 23:20:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 3/4] PUB @wxy https://linux.cn/article-12912-1.html --- .../20201127 Getting started with Fedora CoreOS.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20201127 Getting started with Fedora CoreOS.md (98%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20201127 Getting started with Fedora CoreOS.md b/published/20201127 Getting started with Fedora CoreOS.md similarity index 98% rename from translated/tech/20201127 Getting started with Fedora CoreOS.md rename to published/20201127 Getting started with Fedora CoreOS.md index 39fe982d4e..7f9a72b2da 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20201127 Getting started with Fedora CoreOS.md +++ b/published/20201127 Getting started with Fedora CoreOS.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: translator: (wxy) [#]: reviewer: (wxy) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: publisher: (wxy) +[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12912-1.html) [#]: subject: (Getting started with Fedora CoreOS) [#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-started-with-fedora-coreos/) [#]: author: (Clément Verna https://fedoramagazine.org/author/cverna/) @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Fedora CoreOS 入门 ====== -[Fedora CoreOS入门][1] +![Fedora CoreOS入门][1] 现在被称为 DevOps 时代,操作系统的关注度似乎比工具要低一些。然而,这并不意味着操作系统没有创新。(编辑注:基于 Linux 内核的众多发行版所提供的多样化产品就是一个很好的例子)。[Fedora CoreOS][4] 就对这个 DevOps 时代的操作系统应该是什么样有着独特的理念。 From 6d5a5db085951b9a71011144b9845abc61630a5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MjSeven Date: Mon, 7 Dec 2020 00:06:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 4/4] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... File in Linux Terminal -Beginner-s Tip.md | 114 ------------------ ... File in Linux Terminal -Beginner-s Tip.md | 112 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 114 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20201122 How to Save the Output of a Command to a File in Linux Terminal -Beginner-s Tip.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20201122 How to Save the Output of a Command to a File in Linux Terminal -Beginner-s Tip.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20201122 How to Save the Output of a Command to a File in Linux Terminal -Beginner-s Tip.md b/sources/tech/20201122 How to Save the Output of a Command to a File in Linux Terminal -Beginner-s Tip.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2569470204..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20201122 How to Save the Output of a Command to a File in Linux Terminal -Beginner-s Tip.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,114 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (Mjseven) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (How to Save the Output of a Command to a File in Linux Terminal [Beginner’s Tip]) -[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/save-command-output-to-file-linux/) -[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/) - -How to Save the Output of a Command to a File in Linux Terminal [Beginner’s Tip] -====== - -When you run a command or script in the Linux terminal, it prints the output on the screen for your immediate viewing. - -There will be times when you need to save the output to a file for future references. Now, [you can surely copy and paste in Linux terminal][1] but there are better ways to save the output of a shell script or command in Linux command line. Let me show them to you. - -### Method 1: Use redirection to save command output to file in Linux - -You can [use redirection in Linux for this purpose][2]. With redirection operator, instead of showing the output on the screen, it goes to the provided file. - - * The > redirects the command output to a file replacing any existing content on the file. - * The >> redirects adds the command output at the end of the existing content (if any) of the file. - - - -Use the STDOUT redirection operator > for redirecting the output to a file like this: - -``` -command > file.txt -``` - -If the file.txt doesn’t exist, it will be created automatically. If you use the > redirect again with the same file, the file content is replaced by the new output. - -The example below demonstrates it better. It first saves the output of _ls -l_ command. And then later, it replaces the content of the file with the output of _ls *.c_ command. - -![Redirecting command output to file][3] - -If you don’t want to lose the content of the existing file while saving the output of a script or command, use the redirection operation in append mode with >>. - -``` -command >> file.txt -``` - -This example demonstrates it better: - -![Redirecting command output to file in append mode][4] - -Even here if the file doesn’t exist, it is created automatically. - -Bonus Tip: Save Linux command output as well as error to a file - -If your Linux command returns an error, it doesn’t get saved in the file. You can save both the command output and command error in the same file using 2>&1 like this: - -**command > file.txt 2>&1** - -Basically, 0 stands for standard input, 1 for standard output and 2 for standard error. Here, you are redirecting (>) standard error (2) to same address (&) as standard output (1). - -### Method 2: Use tee command to display the output and save it to a file as well - -By the way, did you notice that when you send the command output to a file, you cannot see it anymore on the display? The [tee command in Linux][5] solves this problem for you. - -Like a tee pipe that sends water stream into two directions, the tee command send the output to the display as well as to a file (or as input to another command). You can use it like this: - -``` -command | tee file.txt -``` - -Again, the file will be created automatically, if it doesn’t exist already. - -You may also use the tee command in append mode with option -a in this manner: - -``` -command | tee -a file.txt -``` - -Let me demonstrate it with some easy to follow examples: - -![][6] - -I have used simple Linux commands in my examples. But rest assured, you can use these methods to save the output of bash scripts as well. - -### Note: Avoid pipe pitfall while saving command output to file - -You probably are familiar with pipe redirection. You may use it to combine Linux commands but you cannot pipe the output to a file. It will result in error that filename command not found: - -![][7] - -This is because pipe redirects the output of one command to input of another command. And in this case, you give it a file name while it was expecting a command. - -If you are new to Linux command line, I hope this quick tutorial added to your Linux knowledge a bit. [I/O redirection][8] is an essential concept that one should be aware of. - -As always, questions and suggestions are always welcome. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/save-command-output-to-file-linux/ - -作者:[Abhishek Prakash][a] -选题:[lujun9972][b] -译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/copy-paste-linux-terminal/ -[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/redirection-linux/ -[3]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/redirecting_command_output_to_file_in_linux.png?resize=741%2C456&ssl=1 -[4]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/redirecting_command_output_to_file.png?resize=741%2C494&ssl=1 -[5]: https://linuxhandbook.com/tee-command/ -[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/display-and-save-linux-command-output.png?resize=741%2C494&ssl=1 -[7]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/pipe-output-to-file-linux.png?resize=687%2C266&ssl=1 -[8]: https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/io-redirection.html#FTN.AEN17894 diff --git a/translated/tech/20201122 How to Save the Output of a Command to a File in Linux Terminal -Beginner-s Tip.md b/translated/tech/20201122 How to Save the Output of a Command to a File in Linux Terminal -Beginner-s Tip.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..142f622a7e --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20201122 How to Save the Output of a Command to a File in Linux Terminal -Beginner-s Tip.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (Mjseven) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (How to Save the Output of a Command to a File in Linux Terminal [Beginner’s Tip]) +[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/save-command-output-to-file-linux/) +[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/) + +如何将 Linux 终端中命令的输出保存到文件中[新手技巧] +====== + +当你在 Linux 终端中运行命令或脚本时,它会在终端中打印输出方便你立即查看。 + +有时你需要将输出保存到文件中以备将来参考。现在,[你当然可以在 Linux 终端中复制和粘贴][1],但是有更好的方法可以在 Linux 命令行中保存 shell 脚本或命令的输出,让我演示给你看。 + +### 方法 1:使用重定向将命令输出保存到文件中 + +你可以[在 Linux 中使用重定向来达成目的][2]。使用重定向操作符,它会将输出保存到文件中而不是在屏幕上显示。 + + * > 会将命令输出重定向到文件,它会替换文件中的所有内容。 + * >> 会将命令输出添加到文件现有内容的末尾。 + +使用 STDOUT 重定向运算符 > 将输出重定向到文件: + +``` +command > file.txt +``` + +如果 file.txt 不存在,它会自动创建。如果你使用 > 再次重定向到相同的文件,文件内容将被替换为新的输出。 + +下面的示例将更好地演示它。它首先会保存 _ls -l_ 命令的输出,然后,它将用 _ls *.c_ 命令的输出替换文件的内容。 + +![将命令输出重定向到文件][3] + +如果你不想在保存脚本或命令的输出时丢失现有文件的内容,可以使用 >> : + +``` +command >> file.txt +``` + +下面这个例子更好地展示了它: + +![将命令输出重定向到文件][4] + +即使文件不存在,它也会自动创建。 + +温馨提示:将 Linux 命令输出和错误保存到一个文件中。 + +如果Linux 命令返回错误,那么错误不会保存在文件中。你可以使用 2>&1 将命令的输出和错误保存到同一个文件中,如下所示: + +**command > file.txt 2>&1** + +通常,0 代表标准输入,1 代表标准输出,2 代表标准错误。在这里,你要将标准错误(2) 重定向(&)到与标准输出(1) 相同的地址。 + +### 方法 2:使用 tee 命令显示输出并将其保存到文件中 + +顺便说一句,你是否注意到,当你将命令输出发送到一个文件时,你再也无法在终端上看到它了?[Linux 的 tee 命令][5]解决了这个问题。 + +类似于将水流发送到两个方向的三通管,tee 命令将输出发送到终端以及文件(或作为另一个命令的输入)。你可以像这样使用它: + +``` +command | tee file.txt +``` + +同样,如果该文件不存在,它将自动创建。 + +你还可以使用 tee 命令在附加模式下使用选项 -a: + +``` +command | tee -a file.txt +``` + +让我用一些简单的例子来演示: + +![][6] + +我在例子中使用了简单的 Linux 命令。但是请放心,你也可以使用这些方法来保存 bash 脚本的输出。 + +### 注意:将命令输出保存到文件时,避免管道陷阱 + +你可能对管道重定向很熟悉,可以使用它来组合 Linux 命令,但不能将输出通过管道传输到文件,它显示找不到 output.txt 命令: + +![][7] + +这是因为管道将一个命令的输出重定向到另一个命令的输入。在本例中,你向它传递一个了一个文件名而它期望一个命令。 + +如果你是一个 Linux 命令行新手,我希望这个快速教程对你的 Linux 知识有所帮助。[I/O 重定向][8]是一个需要注意的基本概念。 + +一如既往,欢迎提出问题和建议。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/save-command-output-to-file-linux/ + +作者:[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题:[lujun9972][b] +译者:[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven) +校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/copy-paste-linux-terminal/ +[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/redirection-linux/ +[3]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/redirecting_command_output_to_file_in_linux.png?resize=741%2C456&ssl=1 +[4]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/redirecting_command_output_to_file.png?resize=741%2C494&ssl=1 +[5]: https://linuxhandbook.com/tee-command/ +[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/display-and-save-linux-command-output.png?resize=741%2C494&ssl=1 +[7]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/pipe-output-to-file-linux.png?resize=687%2C266&ssl=1 +[8]: https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/io-redirection.html#FTN.AEN17894