From 5811f857a03e35a268f6614668d800618dcce1b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MjSeven <33125422+MjSeven@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 1 Aug 2018 21:13:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Delete 20180508 UKTools - Easy Way To Install Latest Linux Kernel.md --- ...Easy Way To Install Latest Linux Kernel.md | 422 ------------------ 1 file changed, 422 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20180508 UKTools - Easy Way To Install Latest Linux Kernel.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20180508 UKTools - Easy Way To Install Latest Linux Kernel.md b/sources/tech/20180508 UKTools - Easy Way To Install Latest Linux Kernel.md deleted file mode 100644 index dc0963d132..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20180508 UKTools - Easy Way To Install Latest Linux Kernel.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,422 +0,0 @@ -Translating by MjSeven - - -UKTools - Easy Way To Install Latest Linux Kernel -====== -There are multiple utilities is available for Ubuntu to upgrade Linux kernel to latest stable version. We had already wrote about those utility in the past such as Linux Kernel Utilities (LKU), Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade Utility (UKUU) and Ubunsys. - -Also few utilities are available and we will be planning to include in the further article like, ubuntu-mainline-kernel.sh and manual method from mainline kernel. - -Today also we are going to teach you the similar utility called UKTools. You can try any one of these utilities to get your Linux kernels to the latest releases. - -Latest kernel release comes with security bug fixes and some improvements so, better to keep latest one to get reliable, secure and better hardware performance. - -Some times the latest kernel version might be buggy and can crash your system so, it’s your own risk. I would like to advise you to not to install on production environment. - -**Suggested Read :** -**(#)** [Linux Kernel Utilities (LKU) – A Set Of Shell Scripts To Compile, Install & Update Latest Kernel In Ubuntu/LinuxMint][1] -**(#)** [Ukuu – An Easy Way To Install/Upgrade Linux Kernel In Ubuntu based Systems][2] -**(#)** [6 Methods To Check The Running Linux Kernel Version On System][3] - -### What Is UKTools - -[UKTools][4] stands for Ubuntu Kernel Tools, that contains two shell scripts `ukupgrade` and `ukpurge`. - -ukupgrade stands for “Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade”, which allows user to upgrade Linux kernel to latest stable version for Ubuntu/Mint and derivatives based on [kernel.ubuntu.com][5]. - -ukpurge stands for “Ubuntu Kernel Purge”, which allows user to remove old Linux kernel images/headers in machine for Ubuntu/ Mint and derivatives. It will keep only three kernel versions. - -There is no GUI for this utility, however it looks very simple and straight forward so, newbie can perform the upgrade without any issues. - -I’m running Ubuntu 17.10 and the current kernel version is below. -``` -$ uname -a -Linux ubuntu 4.13.0-39-generic #44-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 5 14:25:01 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux - -``` - -Run the following command to get the list of installed kernel on your system (Ubuntu and derivatives). Currently i’m holding `seven` kernels. -``` -$ dpkg --list | grep linux-image -ii linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic 4.13.0-16.19 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-4.13.0-17-generic 4.13.0-17.20 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic 4.13.0-32.35 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic 4.13.0-36.40 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic 4.13.0-37.42 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic 4.13.0-16.19 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-17-generic 4.13.0-17.20 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic 4.13.0-32.35 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic 4.13.0-36.40 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic 4.13.0-37.42 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-generic 4.13.0.39.42 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image - -``` - -### How To Install UKTools - -Just run the below commands to install UKTools on Ubuntu and derivatives. - -Run the below command to clone UKTools repository on your system. -``` -$ git clone https://github.com/usbkey9/uktools - -``` - -Navigate to uktools directory. -``` -$ cd uktools - -``` - -Run the Makefile to generate the necessary files. Also this will automatically install latest available kernel. Just reboot the system in order to use the latest kernel. -``` -$ sudo make -[sudo] password for daygeek: -Creating the directories if neccessary -Linking profile.d file for reboot message -Linking files to global sbin directory -Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade - by Mustafa Hasturk ------------------------------------------- -This script is based on the work of Mustafa Hasturk and was reworked by -Caio Oliveira and modified and fixed by Christoph Kepler - -Current Development and Maintenance by Christoph Kepler - -Do you want the Stable Release (if not sure, press y)? (y/n): y -Do you want the Generic kernel? (y/n): y -Do you want to autoremove old kernel? (y/n): y -no crontab for root -Do you want to update the kernel automatically? (y/n): y -Setup complete. Update the kernel right now? (y/n): y -Reading package lists... Done -Building dependency tree -Reading state information... Done -The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: - linux-headers-4.13.0-16 linux-headers-4.13.0-16-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-17 linux-headers-4.13.0-17-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-32 linux-headers-4.13.0-32-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-36 - linux-headers-4.13.0-36-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-37 linux-headers-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic linux-image-4.13.0-17-generic linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic - linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-17-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic - linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic -Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. -The following additional packages will be installed: - lynx-common -The following NEW packages will be installed: - lynx lynx-common -0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 71 not upgraded. -Need to get 1,498 kB of archives. -After this operation, 5,418 kB of additional disk space will be used. -Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 lynx-common all 2.8.9dev16-1 [873 kB] -Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 lynx amd64 2.8.9dev16-1 [625 kB] -Fetched 1,498 kB in 12s (120 kB/s) -Selecting previously unselected package lynx-common. -(Reading database ... 441037 files and directories currently installed.) -Preparing to unpack .../lynx-common_2.8.9dev16-1_all.deb ... -Unpacking lynx-common (2.8.9dev16-1) ... -Selecting previously unselected package lynx. -Preparing to unpack .../lynx_2.8.9dev16-1_amd64.deb ... -Unpacking lynx (2.8.9dev16-1) ... -Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) ... -Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.7) ... -Processing 1 added doc-base file... -Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.6.1-2) ... -Setting up lynx-common (2.8.9dev16-1) ... -Setting up lynx (2.8.9dev16-1) ... -update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/lynx to provide /usr/bin/www-browser (www-browser) in auto mode - -Cleaning old downloads in /tmp - -Downloading the kernel's components... -Checksum for linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb succeed -Checksum for linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb succeed -Checksum for linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb succeed - -Downloading the shared kernel header... -Checksum for linux-headers-4.16.7-041607_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_all.deb succeed - -Installing Kernel and Headers... -Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.16.7-041607. -(Reading database ... 441141 files and directories currently installed.) -Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-4.16.7-041607_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_all.deb ... -Unpacking linux-headers-4.16.7-041607 (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... -Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic. -Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb ... -Unpacking linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... -Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic. -Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb ... -Unpacking linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... -Selecting previously unselected package linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic. -Preparing to unpack .../linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb ... -Unpacking linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... -Setting up linux-headers-4.16.7-041607 (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... -dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic: - linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic depends on libssl1.1 (>= 1.1.0); however: - Package libssl1.1 is not installed. - -Setting up linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... -Setting up linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... -I: /vmlinuz.old is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic -I: /initrd.img.old is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic -I: /vmlinuz is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic -I: /initrd.img is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic -Processing triggers for linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... -/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools: -update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic -/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub: -Generating grub configuration file ... -Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported. -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-36-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-36-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-32-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-32-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-17-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-17-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic -Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf -Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin -done - -Thanks for using this script! Hope it helped. -Give it a star: https://github.com/MarauderXtreme/uktools - -``` - -Restart the system to activate the latest kernel. -``` -$ sudo shutdown -r now - -``` - -Once the system back to up, re-check the kernel version. -``` -$ uname -a -Linux ubuntu 4.16.7-041607-generic #201805021131 SMP Wed May 2 15:34:55 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux - -``` - -This make command will drop the below files into `/usr/local/bin` directory. -``` -do-kernel-upgrade -do-kernel-purge - -``` - -To remove old kernels, run the following command. -``` -$ do-kernel-purge - -Ubuntu Kernel Purge - by Caio Oliveira - -This script will only keep three versions: the first and the last two, others will be purge - ----Current version: -Linux Kernel 4.16.7-041607 Generic (linux-image-4.16.7-041607-generic) - ----Versions to remove: -4.13.0-16 -4.13.0-17 -4.13.0-32 -4.13.0-36 -4.13.0-37 - ----Do you want to remove the old kernels/headers versions? (Y/n): y -Reading package lists... Done -Building dependency tree -Reading state information... Done -The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: - linux-headers-4.13.0-17 linux-headers-4.13.0-17-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-32 linux-headers-4.13.0-32-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-36 linux-headers-4.13.0-36-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-37 - linux-headers-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-4.13.0-17-generic linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-17-generic - linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic -Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. -The following packages will be REMOVED: - linux-headers-4.13.0-16* linux-headers-4.13.0-16-generic* linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic* linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic* -0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 71 not upgraded. -After this operation, 318 MB disk space will be freed. -(Reading database ... 465582 files and directories currently installed.) -Removing linux-headers-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ... -Removing linux-headers-4.13.0-16 (4.13.0-16.19) ... -Removing linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ... -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic -update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic -Generating grub configuration file ... -Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported. -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-36-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-36-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-32-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-32-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-17-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-17-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic -Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf -Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin -done -Removing linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ... -Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic -update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic -Generating grub configuration file ... -Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported. -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-36-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-36-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-32-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-32-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-17-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-17-generic -Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf -Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin -done -(Reading database ... 430635 files and directories currently installed.) -Purging configuration files for linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ... -Purging configuration files for linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ... -Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic -Reading package lists... Done -Building dependency tree -Reading state information... Done -. -. -. -. -Reading package lists... Done -Building dependency tree -Reading state information... Done -The following packages will be REMOVED: - linux-headers-4.13.0-37* linux-headers-4.13.0-37-generic* linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic* linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic* -0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 71 not upgraded. -After this operation, 321 MB disk space will be freed. -(Reading database ... 325772 files and directories currently installed.) -Removing linux-headers-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ... -Removing linux-headers-4.13.0-37 (4.13.0-37.42) ... -Removing linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ... -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic -update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic -Generating grub configuration file ... -Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported. -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic -Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf -Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin -done -Removing linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ... -Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic -update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic -Generating grub configuration file ... -Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported. -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic -Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf -Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin -done -(Reading database ... 290810 files and directories currently installed.) -Purging configuration files for linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ... -Purging configuration files for linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ... -Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic -run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic - -Thanks for using this script!!! - -``` - -Re-check the list of installed kernels using the below command. This will keep only old three kernels. -``` -$ dpkg --list | grep linux-image -ii linux-image-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP -ii linux-image-generic 4.13.0.39.42 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image -ii linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic 4.16.7-041607.201805021131 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.16.7 on 64 bit x86 SMP - -``` - -For next time you can call `do-kernel-upgrade` utility for new kernel installation. If any new kernel is available then it will install. If no, it will report no kernel update is available at the moment. -``` -$ do-kernel-upgrade -Kernel up to date. Finishing - -``` - -Run the `do-kernel-purge` command once again to confirm on this. If this found more than three kernels then it will remove. If no, it will report nothing to remove message. -``` -$ do-kernel-purge - -Ubuntu Kernel Purge - by Caio Oliveira - -This script will only keep three versions: the first and the last two, others will be purge - ----Current version: -Linux Kernel 4.16.7-041607 Generic (linux-image-4.16.7-041607-generic) -Nothing to remove! - -Thanks for using this script!!! - -``` - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.2daygeek.com/uktools-easy-way-to-install-latest-stable-linux-kernel-on-ubuntu-mint-and-derivatives/ - -作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a] -选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/ -[1]:https://www.2daygeek.com/lku-linux-kernel-utilities-compile-install-update-latest-kernel-in-linux-mint-ubuntu/ -[2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/ukuu-install-upgrade-linux-kernel-in-linux-mint-ubuntu-debian-elementary-os/ -[3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/check-find-determine-running-installed-linux-kernel-version/ -[4]:https://github.com/usbkey9/uktools -[5]:http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/ From 24678afcfb0b259029eff391dc8417d9743200d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MjSeven <33125422+MjSeven@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 1 Aug 2018 21:14:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Create 20180508 UKTools - Easy Way To Install Latest Linux Kernel.md --- ...Easy Way To Install Latest Linux Kernel.md | 423 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 423 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/20180508 UKTools - Easy Way To Install Latest Linux Kernel.md diff --git a/translated/tech/20180508 UKTools - Easy Way To Install Latest Linux Kernel.md b/translated/tech/20180508 UKTools - Easy Way To Install Latest Linux Kernel.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dbbc077508 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20180508 UKTools - Easy Way To Install Latest Linux Kernel.md @@ -0,0 +1,423 @@ +UKTools - 安装最新 Linux 内核的简便方法 +====== + +Ubuntu 中有许多实用程序可以将 Linux 内核升级到最新的稳定版本。我们之前已经写过关于这些实用程序的文章，例如 Linux Kernel Utilities (LKU), Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade Utility (UKUU) 和 Ubunsys。 + + +另外还有一些其它实用程序可供使用。我们计划在其它文章中包含这些，例如 ubuntu-mainline-kernel.sh 和 manual method from mainline kernel. + +今天我们还会教你类似的使用工具 -- UKTools。你可以尝试使用这些实用程序中的任何一个来将 Linux 内核升级至最新版本。 + +最新的内核版本附带了安全漏洞修复和一些改进，因此，最好保持最新的内核版本以获得可靠，安全和更好的硬件性能。 + +有时候最新的内核版本可能会有一些漏洞，并且会导致系统崩溃，这是你的风险。我建议你不要在生产环境中安装它。 + +**建议阅读:** +**(#)** [Linux 内核实用程序（LKU）- 在 Ubuntu/LinuxMint 中编译，安装和更新最新内核的一组 Shell 脚本][1] +**(#)** [Ukuu - 在基于 Ubuntu 的系统中安装或升级 Linux 内核的简便方法][2] +**(#)** [6 种检查系统上正在运行的 Linux 内核版本的方法][3] + +### 什么是 UKTools + +[UKTools][4] 意思是 Ubuntu 内核工具，它包含两个 shell 脚本 `ukupgrade` 和 `ukpurge`。 + +ukupgrade 意思是 “Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade”，它允许用户将 Linux 内核升级到 Ubuntu/Mint 的最新稳定版本以及基于 [kernel.ubuntu.com][5] 的衍生版本。 + +ukpurge 意思是 “Ubuntu Kernel Purge”，它允许用户在机器中删除旧的 Linux 内核镜像或头文件，用于 Ubuntu/Mint 和其衍生版本。它将只保留三个内核版本。 + +此实用程序没有 GUI，但它看起来非常简单直接，因此，新手可以在没有任何问题的情况下进行升级。 + +我正在运行 Ubuntu 17.10，目前的内核版本如下： +``` +$ uname -a +Linux ubuntu 4.13.0-39-generic #44-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 5 14:25:01 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux + +``` + +运行以下命令来获取系统上已安装内核的列表（Ubuntu 及其衍生产品）。目前我持有 `7` 个内核。 +``` +$ dpkg --list | grep linux-image +ii linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic 4.13.0-16.19 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-4.13.0-17-generic 4.13.0-17.20 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic 4.13.0-32.35 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic 4.13.0-36.40 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic 4.13.0-37.42 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic 4.13.0-16.19 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-17-generic 4.13.0-17.20 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic 4.13.0-32.35 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic 4.13.0-36.40 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic 4.13.0-37.42 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-generic 4.13.0.39.42 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image + +``` + +### 如何安装 UKTools + +在 Ubuntu 及其衍生产品上，只需运行以下命令来安装 UKTools 即可。 + +在你的系统上运行以下命令来克隆 UKTools 仓库： +``` +$ git clone https://github.com/usbkey9/uktools + +``` + +进入 uktools 目录： +``` +$ cd uktools + +``` + +运行 Makefile 以生成必要的文件。此外，这将自动安装最新的可用内核。只需重新启动系统即可使用最新的内核。 +``` +$ sudo make +[sudo] password for daygeek: +Creating the directories if neccessary +Linking profile.d file for reboot message +Linking files to global sbin directory +Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade - by Mustafa Hasturk +------------------------------------------ +This script is based on the work of Mustafa Hasturk and was reworked by +Caio Oliveira and modified and fixed by Christoph Kepler + +Current Development and Maintenance by Christoph Kepler + +Do you want the Stable Release (if not sure, press y)? (y/n): y +Do you want the Generic kernel? (y/n): y +Do you want to autoremove old kernel? (y/n): y +no crontab for root +Do you want to update the kernel automatically? (y/n): y +Setup complete. Update the kernel right now? (y/n): y +Reading package lists... Done +Building dependency tree +Reading state information... Done +The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: + linux-headers-4.13.0-16 linux-headers-4.13.0-16-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-17 linux-headers-4.13.0-17-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-32 linux-headers-4.13.0-32-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-36 + linux-headers-4.13.0-36-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-37 linux-headers-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic linux-image-4.13.0-17-generic linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic + linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-17-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic + linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic +Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. +The following additional packages will be installed: + lynx-common +The following NEW packages will be installed: + lynx lynx-common +0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 71 not upgraded. +Need to get 1,498 kB of archives. +After this operation, 5,418 kB of additional disk space will be used. +Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 lynx-common all 2.8.9dev16-1 [873 kB] +Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 lynx amd64 2.8.9dev16-1 [625 kB] +Fetched 1,498 kB in 12s (120 kB/s) +Selecting previously unselected package lynx-common. +(Reading database ... 441037 files and directories currently installed.) +Preparing to unpack .../lynx-common_2.8.9dev16-1_all.deb ... +Unpacking lynx-common (2.8.9dev16-1) ... +Selecting previously unselected package lynx. +Preparing to unpack .../lynx_2.8.9dev16-1_amd64.deb ... +Unpacking lynx (2.8.9dev16-1) ... +Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) ... +Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.7) ... +Processing 1 added doc-base file... +Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.6.1-2) ... +Setting up lynx-common (2.8.9dev16-1) ... +Setting up lynx (2.8.9dev16-1) ... +update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/lynx to provide /usr/bin/www-browser (www-browser) in auto mode + +Cleaning old downloads in /tmp + +Downloading the kernel's components... +Checksum for linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb succeed +Checksum for linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb succeed +Checksum for linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb succeed + +Downloading the shared kernel header... +Checksum for linux-headers-4.16.7-041607_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_all.deb succeed + +Installing Kernel and Headers... +Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.16.7-041607. +(Reading database ... 441141 files and directories currently installed.) +Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-4.16.7-041607_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_all.deb ... +Unpacking linux-headers-4.16.7-041607 (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... +Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic. +Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb ... +Unpacking linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... +Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic. +Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb ... +Unpacking linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... +Selecting previously unselected package linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic. +Preparing to unpack .../linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb ... +Unpacking linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... +Setting up linux-headers-4.16.7-041607 (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... +dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic: + linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic depends on libssl1.1 (>= 1.1.0); however: + Package libssl1.1 is not installed. + +Setting up linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... +Setting up linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... +I: /vmlinuz.old is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic +I: /initrd.img.old is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic +I: /vmlinuz is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic +I: /initrd.img is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic +Processing triggers for linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ... +/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools: +update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic +/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub: +Generating grub configuration file ... +Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported. +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-36-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-36-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-32-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-32-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-17-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-17-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic +Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf +Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin +done + +Thanks for using this script! Hope it helped. +Give it a star: https://github.com/MarauderXtreme/uktools + +``` + +重新启动系统以激活最新的内核。 +``` +$ sudo shutdown -r now + +``` + +一旦系统重新启动，重新检查内核版本。 +``` +$ uname -a +Linux ubuntu 4.16.7-041607-generic #201805021131 SMP Wed May 2 15:34:55 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux + +``` + +此 make 命令会将下面的文件放到 `/usr/local/bin` 目录中。 +``` +do-kernel-upgrade +do-kernel-purge + +``` + +要移除旧内核，运行以下命令： +``` +$ do-kernel-purge + +Ubuntu Kernel Purge - by Caio Oliveira + +This script will only keep three versions: the first and the last two, others will be purge + +---Current version: +Linux Kernel 4.16.7-041607 Generic (linux-image-4.16.7-041607-generic) + +---Versions to remove: +4.13.0-16 +4.13.0-17 +4.13.0-32 +4.13.0-36 +4.13.0-37 + +---Do you want to remove the old kernels/headers versions? (Y/n): y +Reading package lists... Done +Building dependency tree +Reading state information... Done +The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: + linux-headers-4.13.0-17 linux-headers-4.13.0-17-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-32 linux-headers-4.13.0-32-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-36 linux-headers-4.13.0-36-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-37 + linux-headers-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-4.13.0-17-generic linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-17-generic + linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic +Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. +The following packages will be REMOVED: + linux-headers-4.13.0-16* linux-headers-4.13.0-16-generic* linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic* linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic* +0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 71 not upgraded. +After this operation, 318 MB disk space will be freed. +(Reading database ... 465582 files and directories currently installed.) +Removing linux-headers-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ... +Removing linux-headers-4.13.0-16 (4.13.0-16.19) ... +Removing linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ... +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic +update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic +Generating grub configuration file ... +Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported. +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-36-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-36-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-32-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-32-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-17-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-17-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic +Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf +Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin +done +Removing linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ... +Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic +update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic +Generating grub configuration file ... +Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported. +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-36-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-36-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-32-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-32-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-17-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-17-generic +Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf +Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin +done +(Reading database ... 430635 files and directories currently installed.) +Purging configuration files for linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ... +Purging configuration files for linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic (4.13.0-16.19) ... +Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-16-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic +Reading package lists... Done +Building dependency tree +Reading state information... Done +. +. +. +. +Reading package lists... Done +Building dependency tree +Reading state information... Done +The following packages will be REMOVED: + linux-headers-4.13.0-37* linux-headers-4.13.0-37-generic* linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic* linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic* +0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 71 not upgraded. +After this operation, 321 MB disk space will be freed. +(Reading database ... 325772 files and directories currently installed.) +Removing linux-headers-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ... +Removing linux-headers-4.13.0-37 (4.13.0-37.42) ... +Removing linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ... +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic +update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic +Generating grub configuration file ... +Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported. +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic +Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf +Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin +done +Removing linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ... +Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic +update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic +Generating grub configuration file ... +Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported. +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic +Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf +Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin +done +(Reading database ... 290810 files and directories currently installed.) +Purging configuration files for linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ... +Purging configuration files for linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic (4.13.0-37.42) ... +Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic +run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.13.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic + +Thanks for using this script!!! + +``` + +使用以下命令重新检查已安装内核的列表。它将只保留三个旧的内核。 +``` +$ dpkg --list | grep linux-image +ii linux-image-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP +ii linux-image-generic 4.13.0.39.42 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image +ii linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic 4.16.7-041607.201805021131 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.16.7 on 64 bit x86 SMP + +``` + +下次你可以调用 `do-kernel-upgrade` 实用程序来安装新的内核。如果有任何新内核可用，那么它将安装。如果没有，它将报告当前没有可用的内核更新。 +``` +$ do-kernel-upgrade +Kernel up to date. Finishing + +``` + +再次运行 `do-kernel-purge` 命令以确认。如果发现超过三个内核，那么它将移除。如果不是，它将报告没有删除消息。 + +``` +$ do-kernel-purge + +Ubuntu Kernel Purge - by Caio Oliveira + +This script will only keep three versions: the first and the last two, others will be purge + +---Current version: +Linux Kernel 4.16.7-041607 Generic (linux-image-4.16.7-041607-generic) +Nothing to remove! + +Thanks for using this script!!! + +``` + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/uktools-easy-way-to-install-latest-stable-linux-kernel-on-ubuntu-mint-and-derivatives/ + +作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a] +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/ +[1]:https://www.2daygeek.com/lku-linux-kernel-utilities-compile-install-update-latest-kernel-in-linux-mint-ubuntu/ +[2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/ukuu-install-upgrade-linux-kernel-in-linux-mint-ubuntu-debian-elementary-os/ +[3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/check-find-determine-running-installed-linux-kernel-version/ +[4]:https://github.com/usbkey9/uktools +[5]:http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/