From bdcc5bd2a5ea4dc631ee5f93ea7ef38ab33f0766 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Tue, 3 Sep 2019 09:04:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] translated --- ...ecific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md | 146 ----------------- ...ecific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md | 147 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 147 insertions(+), 146 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20190829 Three Ways to Exclude Specific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20190829 Three Ways to Exclude Specific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20190829 Three Ways to Exclude Specific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md b/sources/tech/20190829 Three Ways to Exclude Specific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md deleted file mode 100644 index aa8b6520a2..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20190829 Three Ways to Exclude Specific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,146 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (geekpi) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (Three Ways to Exclude Specific/Certain Packages from Yum Update) -[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/) -[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) - -Three Ways to Exclude Specific/Certain Packages from Yum Update -====== - -As part of system update, you may need to exclude few of the packages due to application dependency in Red Hat based system. - -If yes, how to exclude, how many ways that can be done. - -Yes, it can be done in three ways, we will teach you all three methods in this article. - -A package manager is a collection of tools that allow users to easily manage packages in Linux system. - -It allows users to install, update/upgrade, remove, query, re-install, and search packages in Linux system. - -For Red Hat and it’s clone, we uses **[yum Package Manager][1]** and **[rpm Package Manager][2]** for package management. - -### What’s yum? - -yum stands for Yellowdog Updater, Modified. Yum is an automatic updater and package installer/remover for rpm systems. - -It automatically resolve dependencies when installing a package. - -### What’s rpm? - -rpm stands for Red Hat Package Manager is a powerful package management tool for Red Hat system. - -The name RPM refers to `.rpm` file format that containing compiled software’s and necessary libraries for the package. - -You may interested to read the following articles, which is related to this topic. If so, navigate to appropriate links. - - * **[How To Check Available Security Updates On Red Hat (RHEL) And CentOS System][3]** - * **[Four Ways To Install Security Updates On Red Hat (RHEL) And CentOS Systems][4]** - * **[Two Methods To Check Or List Installed Security Updates on Redhat (RHEL) And CentOS System][5]** - - - -### Method-1: Exclude Packages with yum Command Manually or Temporarily - -We can use `--exclude or -x` switch with yum command to exclude specific packages from getting updated through yum command. - -I can say, this is a temporary method or On-Demand method. If you want to exclude specific package only once then we can go with this method. - -The below command will update all packages except kernel. - -To exclude single package. - -``` -# yum update --exclude=kernel - -or - -# yum update -x 'kernel' -``` - -To exclude multiple packages. The below command will update all packages except kernel and php. - -``` -# yum update --exclude=kernel* --exclude=php* - -or - -# yum update --exclude httpd,php -``` - -### Method-2: Exclude Packages with yum Command Permanently - -This is permanent method and you can use this, if you are frequently performing the patch update. - -To do so, add the required packages in /etc/yum.conf to disable packages updates permanently. - -Once you add an entry, you don’t need to specify these package each time you run yum update command. Also, this prevent packages from any accidental update. - -``` -# vi /etc/yum.conf - -[main] -cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever -keepcache=0 -debuglevel=2 -logfile=/var/log/yum.log -exactarch=1 -obsoletes=1 -gpgcheck=1 -plugins=1 -installonly_limit=3 -exclude=kernel* php* -``` - -### Method-3: Exclude Packages Using Yum versionlock plugin - -This is also permanent method similar to above. Yum versionlock plugin allow users to lock specified packages from being updated through yum command. - -To do so, run the following command. The below command will exclude the freetype package from yum update. - -Alternatively, you can add the package entry directly in “/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/versionlock.list” file. - -``` -# yum versionlock add freetype - -Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock -Adding versionlock on: 0:freetype-2.8-12.el7 -versionlock added: 1 -``` - -Run the following command to check the list of packages locked by versionlock plugin. - -``` -# yum versionlock list - -Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock -0:freetype-2.8-12.el7.* -versionlock list done -``` - -Run the following command to discards the list. - -``` -# yum versionlock clear -``` - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/ - -作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/ -[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/rpm-command-examples/ -[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-list-view-find-available-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/ -[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/install-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/ -[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-installed-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-and-centos-system/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20190829 Three Ways to Exclude Specific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md b/translated/tech/20190829 Three Ways to Exclude Specific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..28c317ab83 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20190829 Three Ways to Exclude Specific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (geekpi) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (Three Ways to Exclude Specific/Certain Packages from Yum Update) +[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/) +[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) + +从 Yum 更新中排除特定/某些包的三种方法 +====== + +作为系统更新的一部分，你也许需要在基于 Red Hat 系统中由于应用依赖排除一些软件包。 + +如果是，如何排除？可以采取多少种方式？ + +有三种方式可以做到，我们会在本篇中教你这三种方法。 + +包管理器是一组工具，它允许用户在 Linux 系统中轻松管理包。 + +它能让用户在 Linux 系统中安装、更新/升级、删除、查询、重新安装和搜索软件包。 + +对于基于 Red Hat 的系统，我们使用 **[yum 包管理器][1]** 和 **[rpm 包管理器][2]** 进行包管理。 + +### 什么是 yum？ + +yum 代表 Yellowdog Updater，Modified。Yum 是用于 rpm 系统的自动更新程序和包安装/卸载器。 + +它在安装包时自动解决依赖关系。 + +### 什么是 rpm？ + +rpm 代表 Red Hat Package Manager ，它是一款用于 Red Hat 系统的功能强大的包管理工具。 + +RPM 指的是 `.rpm` 文件格式，它包含已编译的软件和必要的库。 + +你可能有兴趣阅读以下与本主题相关的文章。如果是的话，请进入相应的链接。 + + * ** [如何检查 Red Hat（RHEL）和 CentOS 系统上的可用安全更新] [3] ** + * ** [在 Red Hat（RHEL）和 CentOS 系统上安装安全更新的四种方法] [4] ** + * ** [在 Redhat（RHEL）和 CentOS 系统上检查或列出已安装的安全更新的两种方法] [5] ** + + + +### 方法 1：手动或临时用 yum 命令排除包 + +我们可以在 yum 中使用 `--exclude 或 -x` 开关来阻止 yum 命令获取特定包的更新。 + +我可以说，这是一种临时方法或按需方法。如果你只想将特定包排除一次，那么我们可以使用此方法。 + +以下命令将更新除 kernel 之外的所有软件包。 + +要排除单个包。 + +``` +# yum update --exclude=kernel + +或者 + +# yum update -x 'kernel' +``` + +要排除多个包。以下命令将更新除 kernel 和 php 之外的所有软件包。 + +``` +# yum update --exclude=kernel* --exclude=php* + +或者 + +# yum update --exclude httpd,php +``` + +### 方法 2：在 yum 命令中永久排除软件包 + +这是永久性方法，如果你经常执行修补程序更新，那么可以使用此方法。 + +为此，请在 /etc/yum.conf 中添加相应的软件包以永久禁用软件包更新。 + +添加后，每次运行 yum update 命令时都不需要指定这些包。此外，这可以防止任何意外更新这些包。 + +``` +# vi /etc/yum.conf + +[main] +cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever +keepcache=0 +debuglevel=2 +logfile=/var/log/yum.log +exactarch=1 +obsoletes=1 +gpgcheck=1 +plugins=1 +installonly_limit=3 +exclude=kernel* php* +``` + +### 方法 3：使用 Yum versionlock 插件排除包 + +这也是与上面类似的永久方法。Yum versionlock 插件允许用户通过 yum 命令锁定指定包的更新。 + +为此，请运行以下命令。以下命令将从 yum update 中排除 freetype 包。 + +或者，你可以直接在 “/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/versionlock.list” 中添加条目。 + +``` +# yum versionlock add freetype + +Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock +Adding versionlock on: 0:freetype-2.8-12.el7 +versionlock added: 1 +``` + +运行以下命令来检查被 versionlock 插件锁定的软件包列表。 + + +``` +# yum versionlock list + +Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock +0:freetype-2.8-12.el7.* +versionlock list done +``` + +运行以下命令清空该列表。 + +``` +# yum versionlock clear +``` + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/ + +作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/ +[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/rpm-command-examples/ +[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-list-view-find-available-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/ +[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/install-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/ +[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-installed-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-and-centos-system/