From efe3d66f2108d01a118a86170ae1cb6b5d10c79b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Mon, 1 May 2023 09:32:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][tech]:?= =?UTF-8?q?=2020230429.1=20=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=E2=AD=90=EF=B8=8F=20Install?= =?UTF-8?q?=20and=20Use=20Qemu=20on=20Ubuntu.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...9.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md | 280 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 280 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20230429.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20230429.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md b/sources/tech/20230429.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b50e90b8fb --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20230429.1 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu.md @@ -0,0 +1,280 @@ +[#]: subject: "Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/qemu-ubuntu/" +[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu +====== + +If you need to run Linux virtual machines, Qemu is one of the fastest hypervisors out there, if not the fastest. + +Along with the speed, you also get excellent configuration options. Even if you are not an advanced user, it gives you enough room for tweaks. + +In this tutorial, I will walk you through: + +- Installing Qemu and KVM on Ubuntu +- Installing another distro on Qemu +- Enabling shared folder, auto-resize, and copy-paste in Qemu (optional but makes your VM experience smoother) + +So let's start with the installation. + +### Installing Qemu and KVM on Ubuntu + +> ✋ Before jumping to the installation, let's check whether your machine supports the virtualization or not.  + +To do so, use the following command: + +``` +LC_ALL=C lscpu | grep Virtualization +``` + +If you have an intel processor, it should bring the following output: + +![check where the computer supports hardware-based virtualization or not][1] + +And if you have an AMD processor, it should get you the following output: + +``` +Virtualization: AMD-V +``` + +Also, [make sure your system has multiple cores][2] so that you can allocate some to your VM and still have enough to power the host machine. + +And if you're not sure, use the following command and the **output should be more than zero:** + +``` +egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo +``` + +![Check total number of cores and threads of system in linux][3] + +Once you are all set, you can install Qemu and KVM on Ubuntu using the following command: + +``` +sudo apt install qemu qemu-kvm virt-manager bridge-utils +``` + +**Reboot your system** once the installation is over. + +#### Add user to appropriate groups + +To make Qemu work, you'd have to [add your user to two groups][4]: `libvirt-kvm` and `libvirt`. + +To do so, use the following commands one by one: + +``` +sudo useradd -g $USER libvirt +``` + +``` +sudo useradd -g $USER libvirt-kvm +``` + +Next, enable and start the `libvirt` service: + +``` +sudo systemctl enable libvirtd.service && sudo systemctl start libvirtd.service +``` + +That's it! The installation of Qemu is done. + +### Installing another Linux virtually with Qemu + +> 📋 Please download the ISO file of the Linux distro you want to install in Qemu VM. + +First, open the Virtual Machine Manager from the system menu: + +![Start Qemu from the system menu][5] + +Next, click on the File menu and choose the `New Virtual Machine` option: + +![Create new VM in Qemu][6] + +From here, choose the first option `Local install media` which will allow you to choose the ISO from your file manager: + +![Choose the local ISO file to create new VM in Qemu][7] + +Next, you will be asked to add the ISO file. Here, **click on the Browse button; it** will open a new prompt, and there, **click on the browse local.** + +It will open the file manager and from there, select the ISO file: + +![Import the ISO file in QEMU][8] + +**In most cases, the ISO file will be detected but if you find a situation where it does not detect it automatically, follow the given steps:** + +- Uncheck the Automatically detect from the source option +- Choose the `Generic Linux` option + +![Deal with ISO not detected in Qemu][9] + +Next, you will be asked to allocate memory and storage as per your needs. I would recommend going with a minimum of 2 cores, 4 GB of RAM, and 25 GB of storage for the desktop version: + +![Allocate RAM, cores and storage space to VM in Qemu][10] + +> 📋 Except for the disk space, system resources like CPU and RAM are only used when running the OS in VM. + +And finally, give the appropriate name to your VM; once done, click on the finish button: + +![Name your VM in Qemu][11] + +It will load the ISO, so you can start the installation from here. + +That's done. You may enjoy your VM but you'll even enjoy it better if you enable shared folder, clipboard sharing, etc. The following few sections show how to do that. + +### Enabling shared folders in Qemu (optional) + +In this section, I will show you how you can share the existing directory of the host machine with the VM. + +To do so, you'd have to perform the following: + +- Adding a shared filesystem through VM settings in Qemu +- Mounting the FS in the VM + +So first, open the Virtual Machine Manager from the system menu, select the VM, and click the `Open` button to manage the console: + +![open the settings for VM in Qemu][12] + +Now, click on the info button, select the `Memory` and enable the shared memory: + +![enable shared memory in Qemu][13] + +Next, click on the `Add Hardware` button, select the `Filesystem` option. + +Here, you'd have to do the following: + +- Add a path to the directory you want to share in the `Source path` section +- Add the name of the directory in the `Target path` section + +![create shared folder in qemu][14] + +Once done, click on the Finish button and start the VM. + +In VM, open the terminal and use the following syntax to mount the shared directory: + +``` +sudo mount -t virtiofs sharename path/to/shared/directory +``` + +In my case, it was the `Downloads` directory, so I will be using the following: + +``` +sudo mount -t virtiofs Downloads /home/sagar/Downloads +``` + +![mount shared folders in Qemu][15] + +That's it! + +**But that's a temporary solution.** + +To make it permanent, you'd have to make create an entry in `/etc/fstab` In the VM. + +To do so, first, open the `/etc/fstab` config file using the following: + +``` +sudo nano /etc/fstab +``` + +[Go to the end of the file in the nano text editor][16] using `Alt + /` and use the following syntax to create an entry: + +``` +sharename path/to/shared/directory virtiofs defaults 0 0 +``` + +Here's what my config looks like: + +![Make shared folders in Qemu permenent][17] + +Once done, [save changes and exit from the nano][18] text editor. + +Here I've shown how I created a new file in my host machine in the `Downloads` directory and the changes were reflected in my VM: + +![use shared folder in Qemu][19] + +So now you can use this shared folder to transfer files between the host and VM without any issues! + +### Enabling shared clipboard in Qemu (optional) + +To enable the shared clipboard, all you have to do is install the  `spice-vdagent` utility in the VM. + +So if your VM is Ubuntu/Debian based, you can use the following: + +``` +sudo apt install spice-vdagent +``` + +For Arch base: + +``` +sudo pacman -S spice-vdagent +``` + +For Fedora-based distros: + +``` +sudo yum install spice-vdagent +``` + +Once you are done with the installation, **reboot your VM**, and the clipboard should work as intended! + +### Enabling auto-resize in Qemu (optional) + +The auto-resize feature is nothing but when you resize the VM window, the VM display will adapt to the change in size immediately: + +![Auto resize in Qemu][20] + +To enable the auto-resize in Qemu, you will have to follow 2 simple steps: + +- Click on the `View` (from top menubar) +- Select the `Scale Display` option and choose the `Always` option + +![Enable auto-resize in Qemu][21] + +That's it from my side. + +### Want to use a plug-and-play version of Qemu? + +In this tutorial, I went through how you can manually install a VM in Qemu but what if I tell you that you can automate the whole process like allocating storage, RAM, etc? + +Yes, it gives the same efficiency but comes in handy when you want to create a new VM ASAP! The tool is called Quickgui and we have a dedicated tutorial for the installation: + +I hope you will find this guide helpful. And if you have any queries, feel free to ask in the comments. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/qemu-ubuntu/ + +作者：[Sagar Sharma][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/ +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/check-where-the-computer-supports-hardware-based-virtualization-or-not.png +[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/check-cpu-info-linux/?ref=itsfoss.com +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Check-total-number-of-cores-and-threads-of-system-in-linux.png +[4]: https://learnubuntu.com/add-user-group/?ref=itsfoss.com +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Start-Qemu-from-the-system-menu-1.png +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Create-new-VM-in-Qemu.png +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Choose-the-local-ISO-file-to-create-new-VM-in-Qemu.png +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Import-the-ISO-file-in-QEMU.png +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Deal-with-ISO-not-detected-in-Qemu.png +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Allocate-RAM--cores-and-storage-space-to-VM-in-Qemu.png +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Name-your-VM-in-Qemu.png +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/open-the-settings-for-VM-in-Qemu.png +[13]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/enable-shared-memory-in-Qemu.png +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/enable-shared-directory-in-Qemu.png +[15]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/use-shared-folders-in-Qemu.png +[16]: https://linuxhandbook.com/beginning-end-file-nano/?ref=itsfoss.com +[17]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Make-shared-folders-in-Qemu-permenent.png +[18]: https://linuxhandbook.com/nano-save-exit/?ref=itsfoss.com +[19]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/use-shared-folder-in-Qemu.gif +[20]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Auto-resize-in-Qemu-1.gif +[21]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/04/Auto-resize-in-Qemu-2.gif