From e80df4e153017bdb33f1c3ca552fde43f9884154 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MjSeven Date: Fri, 13 May 2022 22:42:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 001/333] Translating --- sources/tech/20220512 5 reasons to use sudo on Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220512 5 reasons to use sudo on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220512 5 reasons to use sudo on Linux.md index 8aba91f965..12f786cc7f 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220512 5 reasons to use sudo on Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220512 5 reasons to use sudo on Linux.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/use-sudo-linux" [#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "MjSeven" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 53f2df22be9a95869d357a1c36db486333a6e83a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 13 May 2022 23:48:58 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 002/333] RP @PeterPan0106 https://linux.cn/article-14590-1.html --- ...ke community recognition more inclusive.md | 34 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) rename {translated/talk => published}/20220502 How to make community recognition more inclusive.md (59%) diff --git a/translated/talk/20220502 How to make community recognition more inclusive.md b/published/20220502 How to make community recognition more inclusive.md similarity index 59% rename from translated/talk/20220502 How to make community recognition more inclusive.md rename to published/20220502 How to make community recognition more inclusive.md index 96ee56f7ba..c53b03da45 100644 --- a/translated/talk/20220502 How to make community recognition more inclusive.md +++ b/published/20220502 How to make community recognition more inclusive.md @@ -3,40 +3,40 @@ [#]: author: "Ray Paik https://opensource.com/users/rpaik" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "PeterPan0106" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14590-1.html" 如何使社区认可更加包容 ====== -抛开具体的工作量，我们认为所有的贡献都弥足珍贵。当所有社区贡献者都能获得家庭般的赞赏时，他们会更倾向于继续为社区添砖加瓦。 -![Global citizens unite to improve housing with open design and development][1] -（图源： Opensource.com） +> 抛开具体的工作量，我们认为所有的贡献都弥足珍贵。当所有社区贡献者都能获得家庭般的赞赏时，他们会更倾向于继续为社区添砖加瓦。 -给予一个优秀的工作足够的认同和赞赏是我作为一个社区管理员最喜欢的事。我不但有机会能够对贡献者表示感激，同时还能为社区设立一个优秀的榜样。认同和赞赏可以是为了庆祝一个成就，例如有人帮助其他成员加入社区、减少技术债务或者贡献了激动人心的新功能。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202205/13/234756gi7q42f2mgz5mg44.png) -但是，用来确定贡献量的规则可能会有难以预料的后果。例如某些社区管理员利用如下图所示的图表来表彰贡献，过度地强调了pull requests以及对代码库的贡献量。 +给予一个优秀的工作足够的认同和赞赏是我作为一个社区管理员最喜欢做的事。我不但有机会能够对贡献者表示感激，同时还能为社区设立一个优秀的榜样。认同和赞赏可以是为了庆祝一个成就，例如有人帮助其他成员加入社区、减少技术债务或者贡献了激动人心的新功能。 + +但是，用来确定贡献量的规则可能会有难以预料的后果。例如某些社区管理员利用如下图所示的图表来表彰贡献，过度地强调了拉取请求（PR）以及对代码库的贡献量。 ![A bar graph ranking 15 contributors according the the number of PRs merged in a year, ranging from 250 at the top to 50 at the bottom.][2] -（图源： Ray Paik, CC BY-SA 4.0） ![A bar graph ranking 10 contributing organizations by number of contributions, ranging from more than 15 to less than 5][3] -（图源： Ray Paik, CC BY-SA 4.0） -使用这样的方法进行表彰会产生三个问题。首先，这样过度聚焦了对代码库的贡献。早年间，开源项目主要吸引开发者参与，所以自然而然许多贡献是围绕代码的。现在，越来越多的非开发者正在积极参与社区项目（例如通过用户组、会议和用户本身生产的内容），他们的大多数贡献在代码库以外的地方。这些贡献将不会出现在诸如*年度合并PR数量*这样的表格上。 +使用这样的方法进行表彰会产生三个问题。 -其次，过度聚焦贡献指标（指那些易于用数字统计的），最终会演变为更大的数量甚至超越了更好的质量甚至是影响力。在上图的*贡献组织排行榜*中，大型组织因为具有更多的可用人力，相对于小型组织就会有更为显著的优势。通过对大型组织在数量上的表彰将可能导致小型组织感到权利被剥夺了。 +首先，这样过度关注了对代码库的贡献。早年间，开源项目主要吸引开发者参与，所以自然而然许多贡献是围绕代码的。现在，越来越多的非开发者正在积极参与社区项目（例如通过用户组、会议和用户生产的内容），他们的大多数贡献在代码库以外的地方。这些贡献将不会出现在诸如 *年度合并 PR 数量* 这样的表格上。 -最终，尽管本意并非如此，但许多人都会把这些数据看做对个人或组织影响力的排名。 +其次，过度关注贡献指标（指那些易于用数字统计的），最终会演变为奖励数量而不是质量，甚至影响力。在上图的 *贡献组织排行榜* 中，大型组织因为具有更多的可用人力，相对于小型组织就会有更为显著的优势。通过对大型组织在数量上的表彰将可能导致小型组织的人感到权利被剥夺了。 + +最后，尽管本意并非如此，但许多人都会把这些数据看做对个人或组织影响力的排名。 基于此，我们最好避免仅仅通过指标数量来表彰对社区的贡献。 ### 令社区表彰更有意义 -如何让社区表彰更为包容并且能够覆盖不同的贡献形式呢？一些通信频道例如Discord、IRC、mailing list和Slack可以很好的表明一个成员的活跃度及其感兴趣的领域。例如每当我看到一些人热衷于解答问题或者帮助新用户时，我会十分开心。这些贡献并不会出现在社区的数据板上，但是让这些贡献得到应有的认同和感谢并广为人知是十分重要的。 +如何让社区表彰更为包容并且能够覆盖不同的贡献形式呢？诸如 Discord、IRC、邮件列表和Slack 等交流渠道可以很好的表明一个成员的活跃度及其感兴趣的领域。例如每当我看到一些人热衷于解答问题或者帮助新用户时，我会十分开心。这些贡献并不会出现在社区的数据板上，但是让这些贡献得到应有的认同和感谢并广为人知是十分重要的。 -社区数据板显然是开源社区重要的工具。但对于花费在建设数据板的时间上，我锱铢必较。迟早你会发现，不是所有的东西都可以有清晰的标准进行度量，即便你能够想出规则量化一件事，你也依然会发现这些规则具有局限性。 +社区数据板显然是开源社区重要的工具。但是我提醒大家不要花费太多时间在建设数据板上。迟早你会发现，不是所有的东西都可以有清晰的标准进行度量，即便你能够想出规则量化一件事，你也依然会发现这些规则具有局限性。 为了获取更多的关于贡献的信息，我经常会安排社区成员茶话会。这些对话经常能够告诉我他们做出贡献的原因、有多少工作量以及谁同时也参与进来了等等。 @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ 让其他成员参与到认可的过程中也是一个很好的主意。一旦社区达到了一定的规模，便很难事无巨细地知晓一切细节。如果引入一个成员提名机制则会很好地让大家注意到优秀的贡献。如果你的社区拥有十分正式的奖项，例如在年度会议或聚会上颁发的奖项，请让社区成员参与提名和投票。这不仅提供了成员参与进来的平台，也令这些来自成员投票的奖项更有意义。 -最后给予认同和感谢也是一个认识成员并加深了解的重要机会。有时候颁奖仿佛在进行交易：“你做了X，所以我们给你颁发了Y”。多在介绍成员上花些时间，将令成员感到更受重视并加强归属感。 +最后给予认同和感谢也是一个认识成员并加深了解的重要机会。有时候颁奖仿佛在进行交易：“你做了某件事，所以我们给你颁发了某个奖励”。多在介绍成员上花些时间，将令成员感到更受重视并加强归属感。 ### 社区认可令社区更为健康 @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/inclusive-community-recognition 作者：[Ray Paik][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[PeterPan0106](https://github.com/PeterPan0106) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 3870370f507bc937b3c9564134749f67f168c857 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 05:02:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 003/333] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220512=20?= =?UTF-8?q?sqlite-utils:=20a=20nice=20way=20to=20import=20data=20into=20SQ?= =?UTF-8?q?Lite=20for=20analysis?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220512 sqlite-utils- a nice way to import data into SQLite for analysis.md --- ...to import data into SQLite for analysis.md | 120 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 120 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220512 sqlite-utils- a nice way to import data into SQLite for analysis.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220512 sqlite-utils- a nice way to import data into SQLite for analysis.md b/sources/tech/20220512 sqlite-utils- a nice way to import data into SQLite for analysis.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..30725d2daf --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220512 sqlite-utils- a nice way to import data into SQLite for analysis.md @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +[#]: subject: "sqlite-utils: a nice way to import data into SQLite for analysis" +[#]: via: "https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/05/12/sqlite-utils--a-nice-way-to-import-data-into-sqlite/" +[#]: author: "Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +sqlite-utils: a nice way to import data into SQLite for analysis +====== + +Hello! This is a quick post about a nice tool I found recently called [sqlite-utils][1], from the [tools category][2]. + +Recently I wanted to do some basic data analysis using data from my Shopify store. So I figured I’d query the Shopify API and import my data into SQLite, and then I could make queries to get the graphs I want. + +But this seemed like a lot of boring work, like I’d have to write a schema and write a Python program. So I hunted around for a solution, and I found `sqlite-utils`, a tool designed to make it easy to import arbitrary data into SQLite to do data analysis on the data. + +### sqlite-utils automatically generates a schema + +The Shopify data has about a billion fields and I really did not want to type out a schema for it. `sqlite-utils` solves this problem: if I have an array of JSON orders, I can create a new SQLite table with that data in it like this: + +``` + + import sqlite_utils + + orders = ... # (some code to get the `orders` array here) + + db = sqlite_utils.Database('orders.db') + db['shopify_orders'].insert_all(orders) + +``` + +### you can alter the schema if there are new fields (with `alter`) + +Next, I ran into a problem where on the 5th page of downloads, the JSON contained a new field that I hadn’t seen before. + +Luckily, `sqlite-utils` thought of that: there’s an `alter` flag which will update the table’s schema to include the new fields. ``` + +Here’s what the code for that looks like + +``` + + db['shopify_orders'].insert_all(orders, alter=True) + +``` + +### you can deduplicate existing rows (with `upsert`) + +Next I ran into a problem where sometimes when doing a sync, I’d download data from the API where some of it was new and some wasn’t. + +So I wanted to do an “upsert” where it only created new rows if the item didn’t already exist. `sqlite-utils` also thought of this, and there’s an `upsert` method. + +For this to work you have to specify the primary key. For me that was `pk="id"`. Here’s what my final code looks like: + +``` + + db['shopify_orders'].upsert_all( + orders, + pk="id", + alter=True + ) + +``` + +### there’s also a command line tool + +I’ve talked about using `sqlite-utils` as a library so far, but there’s also a command line tool which is really useful. + +For example, this inserts the data from a `plants.csv` into a `plants` table: + +``` + + sqlite-utils insert plants.db plants plants.csv --csv + +``` + +### format conversions + +I haven’t tried this yet, but here’s a cool example from the help docs of how you can do format conversions, like converting a string to a float: + +``` + + sqlite-utils insert plants.db plants plants.csv --csv --convert ' + return { + "name": row["name"].upper(), + "latitude": float(row["latitude"]), + "longitude": float(row["longitude"]), + }' + +``` + +This seems really useful for CSVs, where by default it’ll often interpret numeric data as strings if you don’t do this conversions. + +### metabase seems nice too + +Once I had all the data in SQLite, I needed a way to draw graphs with it. I wanted some dashboards, so I ended up using [Metabase][3], an open source business intelligence tool. I found it very straightforward and it seems like a really easy way to turn SQL queries into graphs. + +This whole setup (sqlite-utils + metabase + SQL) feels a lot easier to use than my previous setup, where I had a custom Flask website that used plotly and pandas to draw graphs. + +### that’s all! + +I was really delighted by `sqlite-utils`, it was super easy to use and it did everything I wanted. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/05/12/sqlite-utils--a-nice-way-to-import-data-into-sqlite/ + +作者：[Julia Evans][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://jvns.ca/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://sqlite-utils.datasette.io +[2]: https://jvns.ca/#cool-computer-tools---features---ideas +[3]: https://www.metabase.com/ From a280e2d0244d2ef4668f2a12064aa66a2b42cc31 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 05:02:50 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 004/333] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020150712=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Fedora=20Media=20Writer:=20World-Class=20LIVE=20USB=20Creator?= =?UTF-8?q?=20[Tutorial]?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20150712 Fedora Media Writer- World-Class LIVE USB Creator -Tutorial.md --- ... World-Class LIVE USB Creator -Tutorial.md | 164 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 164 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20150712 Fedora Media Writer- World-Class LIVE USB Creator -Tutorial.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20150712 Fedora Media Writer- World-Class LIVE USB Creator -Tutorial.md b/sources/tech/20150712 Fedora Media Writer- World-Class LIVE USB Creator -Tutorial.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..014fc69241 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20150712 Fedora Media Writer- World-Class LIVE USB Creator -Tutorial.md @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ +[#]: subject: "Fedora Media Writer: World-Class LIVE USB Creator [Tutorial]" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Fedora Media Writer: World-Class LIVE USB Creator [Tutorial] +====== +A TUTORIAL ON INSTALLING AND USING FEDORA MEDIA WRITER TO CREATE LIVE +USB FROM LINUX & WINDOWS. +![Fedora Media Writer][1] + +### Fedora Media Writer + +The community and Fedora Linux team develop and maintain the [Fedora Media Writer app][2]. This application writes any ISO image to your flash drive (USB stick). In addition, Fedora Media Writer also has features to download the ISO file directly from the Fedora Mirrors, provided you have a stable internet connection. + +Moreover, it gives you a list of options for download – such as Official Editions, Emerging Editions, Spins and Fedora Labs images. + +Not only that, but you can also use this nifty utility to write any other ISO images to your flash drive. It need not be the Fedora ISO always. + +Although there are other popular utilities available for creating LIVE USBs, such as [Etcher][3], Ventoy, and Rufus – you can still give this utility a try, considering the team develops it from mainstream Fedora Linux with contributors. + +So, in summary, here are quick feature highlights of Fedora Media Writer. + +#### Features Summary of Fedora Media Writer + + * Available for Linux, Windows and macOS + * Directly download + write the images to a USB flash drive + * Official Editions (Workstation, IoT, Server) download + * Emerging Editions (Silverblue, Kinoite) download + * Spins (KDE Plasma, Xfce, etc) + * Labs (Fedora Astronomy, Robotic and other flavours) + * Available as Flatpak for Linux Distros + * Also, can write any other ISO images (non-Fedora) to a USB stick. + * Ability to format USB stick, restore flash drive + * Based on Qt + + + +### How to Install + +#### Linux + +Fedora Media Writer is available as Flatpak for Linux Distributions. To install it in any Linux (such as Fedora, Ubuntu, or Linux Mint) – [set up Flatpak by following this guide][4]. + +Then, click on the below link to install. This will launch the official Software application of your Linux Distro (such as Discover, GNOME Software). After installation, you can launch it via Application Menu. + +[Install Fedora Media Writer as Flatpak][5] + +#### Windows + +If you are a Windows user and planning to migrate to Linux (or Fedora), it is a perfect tool. You need to download the exe installer from GitHub (link below) and follow the onscreen instruction for installation. + +[Latest Installer for Windows (exe)][6] + +After installation, you can launch it from Start Menu. + +For macOS, you can get the dmg file in the above link. + +### How to use Fedora Media Writer to Create LIVE USB in Linux + +The first screen gives you two main options. The automatic download option is for downloading the ISO images on the fly. And the second option is to write the already downloaded ISO files from your disk directly. + +If you have already plugged in the USB, you should see it as the third option. The third option is to format and delete all the data from your USB stick and restore it to its factory settings. + +Furthermore, you can use this utility for just formatting your USB flash drive as well. You do not need any command or anything fancy. A point to note is that this option is only visible when your USB stick has data. If it’s already formatted, the tool can detect it and won’t show you the option to restore it!! 😲 + +#### Automatic Download and Write + +![First Screen][1] + +The automatic Download option gives you the following screen to download any Fedora ISO you want from mirrors. This is useful for many because it eliminates the hassles of separately downloading ISO files, verifying checksum, etc. + +![The automatic download options give you these options][1] + +After choosing the distribution, the final screen gives you the option for version (Fedora 36, 35, etc.) and architecture (x86, ARM, etc.). Also, you should see the USB destination. Click on Download and Write to start the process. + +![The final Write screen][1] + +#### Write an existing ISO file from the disk. + +When you choose the ‘select iso file’ option, you can select the file from your system. After that, select the destination USB drive and click Write to start the process. + +![Direct ISO write][1] + +![Writing is in progress][1] + +![Writing Complete][1] + +After the write operation is finished, you can see a confirmation message shown above. It took standard time to write a 3GB~ ISO during my test, around 3 to 4 minutes. + +### Using Fedora Media Writer to Create LIVE USB in Windows, macOS + +The steps are the same to use this utility in Windows and macOS, as shown above for Linux. You can easily find the shortcuts after installation and launch in the same way. + +![Running in Windows 11][1] + +### Closing Notes + +I hope this guide helps you use Fedora Media Writer for your day to day USB writing work. Also, the good thing about this utility is that you can use it for formatting/restoring your USB stick. You do not require GParted or GNOME Disks anymore. + +It’s such a terrific utility for Linux, Windows and macOS users. + +Cheers. + +* * * + +We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][7], [Twitter][8], [YouTube][9], and [Facebook][10] and never miss an update! + +#### Share this: + + * [Twitter][11] + + * [Facebook][12] + + * [Print][13] + + * [LinkedIn][14] + + * [Reddit][15] + + * [Telegram][16] + + * [WhatsApp][17] + + * [Email][18] + + * + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 +[2]: https://github.com/FedoraQt/MediaWriter +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/etcher-bootable-usb-linux/ +[4]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[5]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.fedoraproject.MediaWriter.flatpakref +[6]: https://github.com/FedoraQt/MediaWriter/releases/latest +[7]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[8]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[9]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[10]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=twitter (Click to share on Twitter) +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=facebook (Click to share on Facebook) +[13]: tmp.hzW8xj7tdm#print (Click to print) +[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=linkedin (Click to share on LinkedIn) +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=reddit (Click to share on Reddit) +[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=telegram (Click to share on Telegram) +[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=jetpack-whatsapp (Click to share on WhatsApp) +[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=email (Click to email this to a friend) From 439a2f9e2a6f6d2403603c402031a4391395b445 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 10:29:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 005/333] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14591-1.html --- ...ontainers and pods on your own computer.md | 87 +++++++++++++++++++ ...ontainers and pods on your own computer.md | 83 ------------------ 2 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 83 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20220505 Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/20220505 Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer.md diff --git a/published/20220505 Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer.md b/published/20220505 Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d8457006d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220505 Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +[#]: subject: "Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/containers-pods-101-ebook" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14591-1.html" + +在自己的电脑上实验容器和荚 +====== + +> 通过这篇新的可下载指南开始探索容器技术的要领。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202205/14/102808n8u3pkff174431v7.jpg) + +在电视剧 《太空堡垒卡拉狄加Battlestar Galactica》中，这艘名副其实的巨型飞船其实并没有做什么。它是船员们坚定的庇护所，是战略和协调的中心联络点，也是资源管理的安全场所。而 卡布里安毒蛇号Caprican Vipers 这种单人的独立太空船，出去对付邪恶的赛昂人Cylons和其他太空中的危险。他们也从不只派一两艘毒蛇号出去。他们派了很多。这许许多多的冗余的飞船具有基本相同的能力和目的，但由于它们非常灵活和数量众多，它们总是能够处理每个星期都在威胁战星的任何问题。 + +如果你认为你感到这像是一个正在发展中的比喻，那么你是对的。现代的“云”大而无当，是分布在很远距离的大量基础设施的集合体。它具有强大的能力，但如果你将其视为普通计算机，就会浪费了它的大部分能力。当你想要处理来自数百万个输入源的大量数据时，把你的解决方案（无论它是采用应用、网站、数据库、服务器还是其他形式）打包起来，并发送该解决方案的微小镜像来处理数据集群，实际上是更有效的。当然，这些都是 “容器container”，它们是云的劳动力。它们是你发送来处理服务请求的小型解决方案工厂，并且由于你可以根据任何给定时间传入的请求生成所需要的数量，因此理论上它们是取之不尽的。 + +### 在家里使用容器 + +如果你没有大量的传入请求需要处理，你可能会想知道容器给你带来什么好处。不过，在个人电脑上使用容器确实有其用途。 + +#### 容器作为虚拟环境 + +通过 Podman、LXC 和 Docker 等工具，你可以像以往运行虚拟机一样运行容器。不过，与虚拟机不同，容器没有因模拟固件和硬件而产生的开销。 + +你可以从公共仓库下载容器镜像，启动一个最小化的 Linux 环境，并将其作为命令或开发的测试场所。例如，假设你想试试你在 Slackware Linux 上构建的一个应用。首先，在仓库中搜索一个合适的镜像： + +``` +$ podman search slackware +``` + +然后选择一个镜像，作为你的容器的基础： + +``` +$ podman run -it --name slackware vbatts/slackware +sh-4.3# grep -i ^NAME\= /etc/os-release +NAME=Slackware +``` + +### 在工作中使用容器 + +当然，容器不只是个精简的虚拟机。它们可以是针对为非常具体的需求提供的特定解决方案。如果你不熟悉容器，那么新系统管理员最常见的入门仪式之一可能会有所帮助：启动你的第一个 Web 服务器，但是在容器中。 + +首先，获取一个镜像。你可以使用 `podman search` 命令来搜索你喜欢的发行版，或者直接搜索你喜欢的 httpd 服务器。当使用容器时，我倾向于信任我在裸机上使用的相同发行版。 + +当你你找到一个镜像作为你的容器的基础，你就可以运行你的镜像。然而，正如这个术语所暗示的，容器是*封起来的*，所以如果你只是启动一个容器，你将无法访问标准的 HTTP 端口。你可以使用 `-p` 选项将一个容器端口映射到一个标准的网络端口： + +``` +$ podman run -it -p 8080:80 docker.io/fedora/apache:latest +``` + +现在看看你本地主机上的 8080 端口： + +``` +$ curl localhost:8080 +Apache +``` + +成功了。 + +### 了解更多 + +容器拥有比模仿虚拟机更多的潜力。你可以将它们分组在 “荚pod” 中，构建复杂应用的自动部署，启动冗余服务以满足高需求等等。如果你刚刚开始使用容器，你可以 [下载我们最新的电子书][2] 来学习该技术，甚至学习创建一个 “荚pod”，以便你可以运行 WordPress 和数据库。 + +> **[下载我们最新的电子书][2]** + +（LCTT 译注：容器环境中使用的 “Pod” 一词，我以前根据容器相关术语多用航海领域名词比喻来将其译做“吊舱”，但也有同学表示了不同意见。根据对 Kubernetes [文档][3]，这个词来自对鲸鱼荚pod of whales、豌豆荚pea pod的比喻，所以我觉得采用“荚”的翻译比较合适。—— wxy） + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/containers-pods-101-ebook + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/tips_map_guide_ebook_help_troubleshooting_lightbulb_520.png +[2]: https://opensource.com/downloads/containers-pods-101-ebook +[3]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/#:~:text=A%20Pod%20\(as%20in%20a,run%20in%20a%20shared%20context. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20220505 Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer.md b/translated/tech/20220505 Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer.md deleted file mode 100644 index b026b18139..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20220505 Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,83 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/containers-pods-101-ebook" -[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -在自己的电脑上实验容器和 pod -====== -通过这个新的可下载指南开始探索容器技术的要领。 - -![Looking at a map][1] - -（图片由：opensource.com） - -在电视剧 *Battlestar Galactica* （太空堡垒卡拉狄加）中，这艘名副其实的巨型飞船并没有做什么。它是船员们坚守的庇护所，是战略和协调的中心联络点，也是资源管理的安全场所。然而，卡布里安毒蛇号，一个人的独立太空船，出去对付邪恶的赛昂人和其他太空中的危险。他们也从不只派一两艘毒蛇号出去。他们派了很多。许多冗余的飞船具有基本相同的能力和目的，但由于它们非常灵活和数量众多，它们总是能够处理每周威胁战星的任何问题。 - -如果你认为你正在感知一个发展中的类比，那么你是对的。 现代“云”又大又笨重，是分布在很远距离的大量基础设施的融合。它具有强大的功能，但如果你将其视为普通计算机，你将浪费它的大部分功能。当你想要处理来自数百万输入源的大量数据时，捆绑你的解决方案（无论是采用应用、网站、数据库、服务器还是其他形式）并发送该解决方案的微小镜像来处理数据集群，实际上是更有效的。当然，这些将是*容器*，它们是云的劳动力。它们是你发送来处理服务请求的小型解决方案工厂，并且由于你可以根据任何给定时间传入的请求生成任意数量的解决方案，因此理论上它们是取之不尽的。 - -### 家中的容器 - -如果你没有大量的传入请求需要处理，你可能会想知道容器给你带来什么好处。不过，在个人电脑上使用容器确实有其用途。 - -#### 容器作为虚拟环境 - -通过 Podman、LXC 和 Docker 等工具，你可以像以往运行虚拟机一样运行容器。不过，与虚拟机不同，容器不需要模拟固件和硬件的开销。 - -你可以从公共仓库下载容器镜像，启动一个最小化的 Linux 环境，并将其作为命令或开发的测试场所。例如，假设你想试试你在 Slackware Linux 上构建的一个应用。首先，在仓库中搜索一个合适的镜像： - -``` -$ podman search slackware -``` - -然后选择一个镜像，作为你的容器的基础： - -``` -$ podman run -it --name slackware vbatts/slackware -sh-4.3# grep -i ^NAME\= /etc/os-release -NAME=Slackware -``` - -### 工作中的容器 - -当然，容器不只是最小的虚拟机。他们可以为非常具体的需求提供高度具体的解决方案。如果你不熟悉容器，那么对任何新系统管理员最常见的通过仪式之一开始可能会有所帮助：在容器中启动你的第一个 Web 服务器。 - -首先，获得一个镜像。你可以使用 `podman search` 命令来搜索你喜欢的发行版，或者直接搜索你喜欢的 httpd 服务器。当使用容器时，我倾向于信任我在裸机上信任的相同发行版。 - -当你你找到一个镜像作为你的容器的基础，你就可以运行你的镜像。然而，正如这个术语所暗示的，容器是*被容器化的*，所以如果你只是启动一个容器，你将无法访问标准的 HTTP 端口。你可以使用 `-p` 选项将一个容器端口映射到一个标准的网络端口： - -``` -$ podman run -it -p 8080:80 docker.io/fedora/apache:latest -``` - -现在看看你本地主机上的 8080 端口： - -``` -$ curl localhost:8080 -Apache -``` - -成功了。 - -### 了解更多 - -容器拥有比模仿虚拟机更多的潜力。你可以将它们分组在 pod 中，构建复杂应用的自动部署，启动冗余服务以满足高需求等等。如果你刚刚开始使用容器，你可以[下载我们最新的电子书][2]来学习该技术，甚至学习创建一个 pod，以便你可以运行 WordPress 和数据库。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/containers-pods-101-ebook - -作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/tips_map_guide_ebook_help_troubleshooting_lightbulb_520.png -[2]: https://opensource.com/downloads/containers-pods-101-ebook From bb7b2ecf5ee000137c6760a393fa1d278ba2c7b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 10:30:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 006/333] R --- ... Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/published/20220505 Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer.md b/published/20220505 Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer.md index d8457006d3..f7d6c78725 100644 --- a/published/20220505 Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer.md +++ b/published/20220505 Experiment with containers and pods on your own computer.md @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Apache > **[下载我们最新的电子书][2]** -（LCTT 译注：容器环境中使用的 “Pod” 一词，我以前根据容器相关术语多用航海领域名词比喻来将其译做“吊舱”，但也有同学表示了不同意见。根据对 Kubernetes [文档][3]，这个词来自对鲸鱼荚pod of whales、豌豆荚pea pod的比喻，所以我觉得采用“荚”的翻译比较合适。—— wxy） +（LCTT 译注：容器环境中使用的 “Pod” 一词，我以前根据容器相关术语多用航海领域名词比喻来将其译做“吊舱”，但也有同学表示了不同意见。根据 Kubernetes [文档][3]，这个词来自对鲸鱼荚pod of whales、豌豆荚pea pod的比喻，所以我觉得采用“荚”的翻译比较合适。—— wxy） -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From 2ae2d35df12af7be2175d1176cf921f34e770c70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hanszhao80 <155320754@qq.com> Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 11:24:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 007/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:20210102=20Explore=20the=20night=20sky=20with=20this=20op?= =?UTF-8?q?en=20source=20astronomy=20app.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...sky with this open source astronomy app.md | 50 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md b/sources/tech/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md index b8339cd88f..86c6cdabdb 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md @@ -7,66 +7,66 @@ [#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/1/kstars) [#]: author: (Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins) -Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app +使用开源天文应用程序探索夜空 ====== -Stargaze from your Linux desktop or Android device with KStars. +使用 KSTARS 从你的 Linux 桌面或安卓设备眺望星辰。 ![Open source stars.][1] -I have always been fascinated with the night sky. When I was younger, the only reference materials available were books, and they seemed to depict a sky that looked different from the one I saw from my home. +我一直对夜空很着迷。当我年轻的时候，唯一可用的参考资料是书籍，它们似乎描绘了一个与我从家里看到的不一样的天空。 -More than five years ago, I wrote about my experiences with two open source planetarium apps, [Celestia and Stellarium][2]. Recently, I read about another: [KStars][3]. It's an amazing open source application that helps engage children (and adults) in science and astronomy. Its website says: +五年多前，我曾写过两个开源天文馆应用程序 [Celestia 和 Stellarium][2] 的使用体验。最近，我又了解到一个应用 [KSTARS][3]。这是一个令人惊叹的开源应用程序，可以帮助儿童（和成人）参与科学和天文学。它的网站上说： -> "KStars is free, open source, cross-platform astronomy software. It provides an accurate graphical simulation of the night sky, from any location on Earth, at any date and time. The display includes up to 100 million stars, 13,000 deep-sky objects, all 8 planets, the Sun and Moon, and thousands of comets, asteroids, supernovae, and satellites." +> “KSTARS 是一款免费、开源、跨平台的天文学软件。它提供了从地球上的任何位置、任何日期和时间对夜空的一个精确的图形化模拟。可展示包括多达1亿颗恒星，13,000个深空天体，所有8个行星，太阳和月亮，以及数千颗彗星，小行星，超新星和卫星。“ -KStars is part of the [KDE Education Project][4]. The latest version, available for Linux, Windows, and macOS, integrates [StellarSolver][5], a cross-platform SExtractor, a program that builds a catalog of objects from an astronomical image. +KSTARS 是 [KDE 教育项目][4] 的一部分。最新版本可用于 Linux、Windows 和 MacOS，它集成了 [StellarSolver][5]，这是一个跨平台的 SExtractor 程序，它可以从天文图像构建一个对象目录。 -### Installing KStars +### 安装 KStars -KStars is freely licensed under the GPLv2.0. The source code is available on the official [KDE GitLab instance][6] and as a read-only mirror on GitHub. The KDE Education Project has excellent [installation documentation][7]. +KStars 采用 GPL 2.0 协议，用户可免费使用。源代码可以在官方的 [KDE GitLab 实例][6] 查看（这是 Github 的一个只读镜像）。KDE 教育项目有着优秀的[安装文档][7] -I'm using [Pop!_OS][8] and found KStars in the Pop!_Shop. +我用的系统是 [Pop!_OS][8]，可以在 Pop!_Shop 找到这款应用程序。 -You can install KStars on Linux from your distribution's software repository. KStars Lite is available for Android from the [Google Play store][9]. The KDE Project maintains an excellent [KStars Handbook][10] to assist users. +可以从你的发行版的软件存储库中找到 KStars 在 Linux 上安装。而在安卓设备上，可以从 [Google Play 商店][9] 下载适配安卓的 KStars Lite。KDE 项目维护了一份优秀的 [KSTARS 手册][10] 来帮助用户。 -### Using KStars +### 使用 KStars -After installation, launch the program from your Applications menu. A startup wizard guides you through the initial setup. +安装完后，从你的应用Applications菜单启动程序。启动向导会指导你完成初始化设置。 -![KStars Startup Wizard][11] +![KStars 启动向导][11] (Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12]) -The directions are easy to follow. The wizard prompts you to set your home location; unfortunately, my small village was not listed, but a larger nearby community was. +这些指示很容易理解。向导会提示设置你住所的位置。不幸的是，我所在的小村庄不在列表里，但附近一个更大的社区在里面。 -![KStars location setup][13] +![KStars 位置设置][13] (Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12]) -You also have the opportunity to download additional data and extra features for the program. +你还有机会下载该程序的其他数据和额外功能。 -![KStars add-ons][14] +![KStars 扩展][14] (Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12]) -There are many options available. I chose "Common images displayed in the detail window." +这里有很多可用的选项。我选择”在详细信息窗口中显示常见图像Common images displayed in the detail window“。 -Once you're finished with the setup, KStars presents a map of the night sky as it appears from your location. +一旦完成设置，KStars 会呈现一张基于你的位置的夜空图。 -![KStars night sky display][15] +![KStars 夜空显示][15] (Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12]) -It displays the current local time in the upper-left corner (5:58pm on November 30, 2020, in this image). +左上角显示了当前时区（这张图里是2020年11月30日傍晚5点58分）。 -Using the left mouse button, you can move the display left, right, up, and down. You can zoom in and out using the mouse's scroll wheel. Placing the mouse cursor over an object and right-clicking describes the object you're looking at. +使用鼠标左键，可以向左、向右、向上和向下移动显示。你可以使用鼠标滚轮进行放大和缩小。将鼠标光标放在对象上并右键单击可查看当前对象的描述。 -![KStars describes objects][16] +![KStars 对象描述][16] (Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12]) -### Get involved +### 参与 -KStars is actively soliciting help with bug reports, astronomy knowledge, code, translations, and more. The lead developer and maintainer is [Jasem Mutlaq][17]. If you'd like to contribute, please visit the [project's website][18] or join the mailing list to learn more. +KSTARS 正在积极寻求错误报告、天文学知识、代码、翻译等方面的帮助。主要开发者和维护者是 [Jasem Mutlaq][17]。如果你愿意贡献一份力量，请访问[项目网站][18]或加入邮件列表以了解更多信息。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From ec9a810f499b00ea51cf9ed0f6853e8c3218954c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hanszhao80 <155320754@qq.com> Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 11:28:04 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 008/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:20210102=20Explore=20the=20night=20sky=20with=20this=20op?= =?UTF-8?q?en=20source=20astronomy=20app.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...2 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md b/translated/tech/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md rename to translated/tech/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md From 5ff8c9632d6728a79eadcc841e7c4d76010284ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hanszhao80 <155320754@qq.com> Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 13:31:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 009/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E8=AF=B7=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:20210615=20Listen=20to=20music=20on=20FreeDOS.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md b/sources/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md index 35431d0388..1b73473703 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/6/listen-music-freedos) [#]: author: (Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall) [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (hanszhao80) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/21/6/listen-music-freedos 作者：[Jim Hall][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[hanszhao80](https://github.com/hanszhao80) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 8eddb9812134f483d4150bc1f91b0f47274208d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 14:31:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 010/333] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=90=8D=E6=97=A5=E6=9C=9F=20&=20=E6=B8=85=E7=90=86=E6=96=87?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BB=B6=E5=86=85=E5=AE=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...orld-Class LIVE USB Creator [Tutorial].md} | 103 ++++-------------- 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-) rename sources/tech/{20150712 Fedora Media Writer- World-Class LIVE USB Creator -Tutorial.md => 20220513 Fedora Media Writer- World-Class LIVE USB Creator [Tutorial].md} (61%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20150712 Fedora Media Writer- World-Class LIVE USB Creator -Tutorial.md b/sources/tech/20220513 Fedora Media Writer- World-Class LIVE USB Creator [Tutorial].md similarity index 61% rename from sources/tech/20150712 Fedora Media Writer- World-Class LIVE USB Creator -Tutorial.md rename to sources/tech/20220513 Fedora Media Writer- World-Class LIVE USB Creator [Tutorial].md index 014fc69241..fe5a49701a 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20150712 Fedora Media Writer- World-Class LIVE USB Creator -Tutorial.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220513 Fedora Media Writer- World-Class LIVE USB Creator [Tutorial].md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "Fedora Media Writer: World-Class LIVE USB Creator [Tutorial]" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,52 +9,46 @@ Fedora Media Writer: World-Class LIVE USB Creator [Tutorial] ====== -A TUTORIAL ON INSTALLING AND USING FEDORA MEDIA WRITER TO CREATE LIVE -USB FROM LINUX & WINDOWS. -![Fedora Media Writer][1] +A tutorial on installing and using Fedora Media Writer to create LIVE USB from Linux & Windows. ### Fedora Media Writer -The community and Fedora Linux team develop and maintain the [Fedora Media Writer app][2]. This application writes any ISO image to your flash drive (USB stick). In addition, Fedora Media Writer also has features to download the ISO file directly from the Fedora Mirrors, provided you have a stable internet connection. +The community and Fedora Linux team develop and maintain the [Fedora Media Writer app][1]. This application writes any ISO image to your flash drive (USB stick). In addition, Fedora Media Writer also has features to download the ISO file directly from the Fedora Mirrors, provided you have a stable internet connection. Moreover, it gives you a list of options for download – such as Official Editions, Emerging Editions, Spins and Fedora Labs images. Not only that, but you can also use this nifty utility to write any other ISO images to your flash drive. It need not be the Fedora ISO always. -Although there are other popular utilities available for creating LIVE USBs, such as [Etcher][3], Ventoy, and Rufus – you can still give this utility a try, considering the team develops it from mainstream Fedora Linux with contributors. +Although there are other popular utilities available for creating LIVE USBs, such as [Etcher][2], Ventoy, and Rufus – you can still give this utility a try, considering the team develops it from mainstream Fedora Linux with contributors. So, in summary, here are quick feature highlights of Fedora Media Writer. #### Features Summary of Fedora Media Writer - * Available for Linux, Windows and macOS - * Directly download + write the images to a USB flash drive - * Official Editions (Workstation, IoT, Server) download - * Emerging Editions (Silverblue, Kinoite) download - * Spins (KDE Plasma, Xfce, etc) - * Labs (Fedora Astronomy, Robotic and other flavours) - * Available as Flatpak for Linux Distros - * Also, can write any other ISO images (non-Fedora) to a USB stick. - * Ability to format USB stick, restore flash drive - * Based on Qt - - +* Available for Linux, Windows and macOS +* Directly download + write the images to a USB flash drive +* Official Editions (Workstation, IoT, Server) download +* Emerging Editions (Silverblue, Kinoite) download +* Spins (KDE Plasma, Xfce, etc) +* Labs (Fedora Astronomy, Robotic and other flavours) +* Available as Flatpak for Linux Distros +* Also, can write any other ISO images (non-Fedora) to a USB stick. +* Ability to format USB stick, restore flash drive +* Based on Qt ### How to Install #### Linux -Fedora Media Writer is available as Flatpak for Linux Distributions. To install it in any Linux (such as Fedora, Ubuntu, or Linux Mint) – [set up Flatpak by following this guide][4]. +Fedora Media Writer is available as Flatpak for Linux Distributions. To install it in any Linux (such as Fedora, Ubuntu, or Linux Mint) – [set up Flatpak by following this guide][3]. Then, click on the below link to install. This will launch the official Software application of your Linux Distro (such as Discover, GNOME Software). After installation, you can launch it via Application Menu. -[Install Fedora Media Writer as Flatpak][5] - #### Windows If you are a Windows user and planning to migrate to Linux (or Fedora), it is a perfect tool. You need to download the exe installer from GitHub (link below) and follow the onscreen instruction for installation. -[Latest Installer for Windows (exe)][6] +[Latest Installer for Windows (exe)][4] After installation, you can launch it from Start Menu. @@ -70,34 +64,20 @@ Furthermore, you can use this utility for just formatting your USB flash drive a #### Automatic Download and Write -![First Screen][1] - The automatic Download option gives you the following screen to download any Fedora ISO you want from mirrors. This is useful for many because it eliminates the hassles of separately downloading ISO files, verifying checksum, etc. -![The automatic download options give you these options][1] - After choosing the distribution, the final screen gives you the option for version (Fedora 36, 35, etc.) and architecture (x86, ARM, etc.). Also, you should see the USB destination. Click on Download and Write to start the process. -![The final Write screen][1] - #### Write an existing ISO file from the disk. When you choose the ‘select iso file’ option, you can select the file from your system. After that, select the destination USB drive and click Write to start the process. -![Direct ISO write][1] - -![Writing is in progress][1] - -![Writing Complete][1] - After the write operation is finished, you can see a confirmation message shown above. It took standard time to write a 3GB~ ISO during my test, around 3 to 4 minutes. ### Using Fedora Media Writer to Create LIVE USB in Windows, macOS The steps are the same to use this utility in Windows and macOS, as shown above for Linux. You can easily find the shortcuts after installation and launch in the same way. -![Running in Windows 11][1] - ### Closing Notes I hope this guide helps you use Fedora Media Writer for your day to day USB writing work. Also, the good thing about this utility is that you can use it for formatting/restoring your USB stick. You do not require GParted or GNOME Disks anymore. @@ -106,59 +86,20 @@ It’s such a terrific utility for Linux, Windows and macOS users. Cheers. -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][7], [Twitter][8], [YouTube][9], and [Facebook][10] and never miss an update! - -#### Share this: - - * [Twitter][11] - - * [Facebook][12] - - * [Print][13] - - * [LinkedIn][14] - - * [Reddit][15] - - * [Telegram][16] - - * [WhatsApp][17] - - * [Email][18] - - * - - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 -[2]: https://github.com/FedoraQt/MediaWriter -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/etcher-bootable-usb-linux/ -[4]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ -[5]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.fedoraproject.MediaWriter.flatpakref -[6]: https://github.com/FedoraQt/MediaWriter/releases/latest -[7]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[8]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[9]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[10]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint -[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=twitter (Click to share on Twitter) -[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=facebook (Click to share on Facebook) -[13]: tmp.hzW8xj7tdm#print (Click to print) -[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=linkedin (Click to share on LinkedIn) -[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=reddit (Click to share on Reddit) -[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=telegram (Click to share on Telegram) -[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=jetpack-whatsapp (Click to share on WhatsApp) -[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-media-writer/?share=email (Click to email this to a friend) +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://github.com/FedoraQt/MediaWriter +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/etcher-bootable-usb-linux/ +[3]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[4]: https://github.com/FedoraQt/MediaWriter/releases/latest From 232b92d3851b9f29645633f03ec673adf4779c91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 14:46:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 011/333] RP @hanszhao80 https://linux.cn/article-14592-1.html --- ...ssembly Security, Now and in the Future.md | 87 +++++++++++++++++++ ...ssembly Security, Now and in the Future.md | 86 ------------------ 2 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 86 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20210323 WebAssembly Security, Now and in the Future.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/20210323 WebAssembly Security, Now and in the Future.md diff --git a/published/20210323 WebAssembly Security, Now and in the Future.md b/published/20210323 WebAssembly Security, Now and in the Future.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5957391c6f --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20210323 WebAssembly Security, Now and in the Future.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +[#]: subject: (WebAssembly Security, Now and in the Future) +[#]: via: (https://www.linux.com/news/webassembly-security-now-and-in-the-future/) +[#]: author: (Dan Brown https://training.linuxfoundation.org/announcements/webassembly-security-now-and-in-the-future/) +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (hanszhao80) +[#]: reviewer: (wxy) +[#]: publisher: (wxy) +[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-14592-1.html) + +WebAssembly 安全的现在和未来 +====== + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202205/14/144316bb8kbwjephjyb427.jpg) + +### 简介 + +正如我们 [最近解释的][1]，WebAssembly 是一种用于以任何语言编写的二进制格式的软件，旨在最终无需更改就能在任意平台运行。WebAssembly 的第一个应用是在 Web 浏览器中，以使网站更快、更具交互性。WebAssembly 有计划推向 Web 之外，从各种服务器到物联网（IoT），其创造了很多机会，但也存在很多安全问题。这篇文章是对这些问题和 WebAssembly 安全模型的一篇介绍性概述。 + +### WebAssembly 跟 JavaScript 很像 + +在 Web 浏览器内部，WebAssembly 模块由执行 JavaScript 代码的同一 虚拟机VM 管理。因此，WebAssembly 和 JavaScript 一样，造成的危害也是相同的，只是效率更高，更不易被察觉。由于 JavaScript 是纯文本，运行前需要浏览器编译，而 WebAssembly 是一种可立即运行的二进制格式，运行速度更快，也更难被扫描出（即使使用杀毒软件）其中的恶意指令。 + +WebAssembly 的这种 “代码混淆” 效果已经被用来弹出不请自来的广告，或打开假的 “技术支持” 窗口，要求提供敏感数据。另一个把戏则是自动将浏览器重定向到包含真正危险的恶意软件的 “落地” 页。 + +最后，就像 JavaScript 一样，WebAssembly 可能被用来 “窃取” 处理能力而不是数据。2019 年，[对 150 个不同的 WASM 模块的分析][2] 发现，其中约 _32%_ 被用于加密货币挖掘。 + +### WebAssembly 沙盒和接口 + +WebAssembly 代码在一个由虚拟机（而不是操作系统）管理的 [沙盒][3] 中封闭运行。这使它无法看到主机，也无法直接与主机交互。对系统资源（文件、硬件或互联网连接）的访问只能通过该虚拟机提供的 WebAssembly 系统接口WebAssembly System Interface（WASI） 进行。 + +WASI 不同于大多数其他应用程序编程接口（API），它具有独特的安全特性，真正推动了 WASM 在传统服务器和边缘Edge计算场景中的采用，这将是下一篇文章的主题。在这里，可以说，当从 Web 迁移到其他环境时，它的安全影响会有很大的不同。现代 Web 浏览器是极其复杂的软件，但它是建立在数十年的经验和数十亿人的日常测试之上的。与浏览器相比，服务器或物联网（IoT）设备几乎是未知领域。这些平台的虚拟机将需要扩展 WASI，因此，肯定会带来新的安全挑战。 + +### WebAssembly 中的内存和代码管理 + +与普通的编译程序相比，WebAssembly 应用程序对内存的访问非常受限，对它们自己也是如此。WebAssembly 代码不能直接访问尚未调用的函数或变量，不能跳转到任意地址，也不能将内存中的数据作为字节码指令执行。 + +在浏览器内部，WASM 模块只能获得一个连续字节的全局数组（线性内存linear memory）进行操作。WebAssembly 可以直接读写该区域中的任意位置，或者请求增加其大小，但仅此而已。这个线性内存linear memory也与包含其实际代码、执行堆栈、当然还有运行 WebAssembly 的虚拟机的区域分离。对于浏览器来说，所有这些数据结构都是普通的 JavaScript 对象，使用标准过程与所有其他对象隔离。 + +### 结果还好，但不完美 + +所有这些限制使得 WebAssembly 模块很难做出不当行为，但也并非不可能。 + +沙盒化的内存使 WebAssembly 几乎不可能接触到 __外部__ 的东西，也使操作系统更难防止 __内部__ 发生不好的事情。传统的内存监测机制，比如 [堆栈金丝雀][4]Stack Canaries 能注意到是否有代码试图扰乱它不应该接触的对象，[但在这里没用][5]。 + +事实上，WebAssembly 只能访问自己的线性内存linear memory，但可以直接访问，这也可能为攻击者的行为 _提供便利_。有了这些约束和对模块源代码的访问，就更容易猜测覆盖哪些内存位置可能造成最大的破坏。破坏局部变量似乎也是 [可能的][6]，因为它们停留在线性内存linear memory中的无监督堆栈中。 + +2020 年的一篇关于 [WebAssembly 的二进制安全性][5] 的论文指出，WebAssembly 代码仍然可以在设定的常量内存中覆盖字符串文字。同一篇论文描述了在三个不同的平台（浏览器、Node.JS 上的服务端应用程序，和独立 WebAssembly 虚拟机的应用程序）上，WebAssembly 可能比编译为原生二进制文件时更不安全的其他方式。建议进一步阅读此主题。 + +通常，认为 WebAssembly 只能破坏其自身沙盒中的内容的想法可能会产生误导。WebAssembly 模块为调用它们的 JavaScript 代码做繁重的工作，每次都会交换变量。如果模块在这些变量中的任意一处写入不安全的调用 WebAssembly 的 JavaScript 代码，就 _会_ 导致崩溃或数据泄露。 + +### 未来的方向 + +WebAssembly 的两个新出现的特性：[并发][7] 和内部垃圾收集，肯定会影响其安全性（如何影响以及影响多少，现在下结论还为时过早）。 + +并发允许多个 WebAssembly 模块在同一个虚拟机中并行。目前，只有通过 JavaScript [web workers][8] 才能实现这一点，但更好的机制正在开发中。安全方面，他们可能会带来 [以前不需要的大量的代码][9]，也就是更多出错的方法。 + +为了提高性能和安全性，我们需要一个 [本地的垃圾收集器][10]，但最重要的是，要在经过良好测试的浏览器的 Java 虚拟机之外使用 WebAssembly，因为这些虚拟机无论如何都会在自己内部收集所有的垃圾。当然，甚至这个新代码也可能成为漏洞和攻击的另一个入口。 + +往好处想，使 WebAssembly 比现在更安全的通用策略也是存在的。再次引用 [这篇文章][5]，这些策略包括：编译器改进、栈/堆和常量数据的 _分离_ 的线性存储机制，以及避免使用 **不安全的语言**（如 C）编译 WebAssembly 模块代码。 + +*本文 [WebAssembly 安全的现在和未来][11] 首次发表在 [Linux 基金会 - 培训][12]。* + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.linux.com/news/webassembly-security-now-and-in-the-future/ + +作者：[Dan Brown][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hanszhao80](https://github.com/hanszhao80) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://training.linuxfoundation.org/announcements/webassembly-security-now-and-in-the-future/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://training.linuxfoundation.org/announcements/an-introduction-to-webassembly/ +[2]: https://www.sec.cs.tu-bs.de/pubs/2019a-dimva.pdf +[3]: https://webassembly.org/docs/security/ +[4]: https://ctf101.org/binary-exploitation/stack-canaries/ +[5]: https://www.usenix.org/system/files/sec20-lehmann.pdf +[6]: https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/security/more-worries-over-the-security-of-web-assembly +[7]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/threads +[8]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_worker +[9]: https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/08/the-problems-and-promise-of-webassembly.html +[10]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/gc/blob/master/proposals/gc/Overview.md +[11]: https://training.linuxfoundation.org/announcements/webassembly-security-now-and-in-the-future/ +[12]: https://training.linuxfoundation.org/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20210323 WebAssembly Security, Now and in the Future.md b/translated/tech/20210323 WebAssembly Security, Now and in the Future.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5073d59a7d..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20210323 WebAssembly Security, Now and in the Future.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,86 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: (WebAssembly Security, Now and in the Future) -[#]: via: (https://www.linux.com/news/webassembly-security-now-and-in-the-future/) -[#]: author: (Dan Brown https://training.linuxfoundation.org/announcements/webassembly-security-now-and-in-the-future/) -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (hanszhao80) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) - -WebAssembly 安全的现在和未来 -====== - - -### 说明 - -正如我们 [最近解释的][1]，WebAssembly 是一种用于以任何语言编写的软件的二进制格式，旨在最终无需更改就能在任意平台运行。WebAssembly 的第一个应用是在 Web 浏览器中，以使网站更快、更具交互性。计划将 WebAssembly 推向 Web 之外，从各种服务器到物联网IoT，创造了与安全问题一样多的机会。这篇文章是对这些问题和 WebAssembly 安全模型的介绍性概述。 - -### WebAssembly 跟 JavaScript 很像 - -在 Web 浏览器内部，WebAssembly 模块由执行 JavaScript 代码的同一 虚拟机VM 管理。因此，WebAssembly 可用于造成与 JavaScript 相同的危害，只是效率更高，并且不易被察觉。由于 JavaScript 是纯文本，运行前需要浏览器的编译，而 WebAssembly 是一种可立即运行的二进制格式，后者运行速度更快，也更难被扫描出（即使用杀毒软件）其中的恶意指令。 - -WebAssembly 的这种 **代码混淆** 效果已经被用来弹出不受欢迎的广告或打开要求敏感数据的虚假 **技术支持** 窗口。另一个把戏则是自动将浏览器重定向到包含真正危险的恶意软件的 **登陆** 页面。 - -最后，就像 JavaScript 一样，WebAssembly 可能被用来 **窃取** 处理能力而不是数据。2019 年，[对 150 个不同的 WASM 模块的分析][2]发现，其中约 _32%_ 被用于加密货币挖掘。 - -### WebAssembly 沙箱和接口 - -WebAssembly 代码在由 虚拟机VM（而不是操作系统）管理的[沙箱][3]中封闭运行。这使它无法看到主机，也无法直接与主机交互。对系统资源（文件、硬件或互联网连接）的访问只能通过该虚拟机提供的 WebAssembly 系统接口WASI 进行。 - -WASI 不同于大多数其他应用程序编程接口，它具有独特的安全特性，真正推动了 WASM 在传统服务器和边缘Edge服务器计算场景中的采用，这将是下一篇文章的主题。在这里，可以说，当从 Web 迁移到其他环境时，它的安全影响会有很大的不同。现代网络浏览器是极其复杂的软件，但它是建立在数十年的经验和数十亿人的日常测试之上的。与浏览器相比，服务器或物联网IoT设备几乎是未知领域。这些平台的虚拟机将需要扩展 WASI，因此，肯定会带来新的安全挑战。 - -### WebAssembly 中的内存和代码管理 - -与普通的编译程序相比，WebAssembly 应用程序对内存的访问非常有限，对它们自己也是如此。WebAssembly 代码不能直接访问尚未调用的函数或变量，不能跳转到任意地址，也不能将内存中的数据作为字节码指令执行。 - -在浏览器内部，WASM 模块只能获得一个连续字节的全局数组（线性内存linear memory）进行操作。WebAssembly 可以直接读写该区域中的任意位置，或者请求增加其大小，但仅此而已。这个线性内存linear memory也与包含其实际代码、执行堆栈、当然还有运行 WebAssembly 的虚拟机的区域分离。对于浏览器来说，所有这些数据结构都是普通的 JavaScript 对象，与所有其他使用标准过程的对象隔离。 - -### 结果很好，但并不完美 - -所有这些限制使得 WebAssembly 模块很难做出不当行为，但也并非不可能。 - -沙箱化的内存使 WebAssembly 几乎不可能接触到 __外部__ 的东西，也使操作系统更难防止 __内部__ 发生不好的事情。传统的内存监测机制，比如 [**Stack Canaries**][4] 能注意到是否有代码试图扰乱它不应该接触的对象，[在这里不奏效][5]。 - -事实上，WebAssembly 只能访问自己的线性内存linear memory，但可以直接访问，这也可能为攻击者的行为 _提供便利_。有了这些约束和对模块源代码的访问，就更容易猜测覆盖哪些内存位置可能造成最大的破坏。局部变量似乎也 [可能][6] 被破坏，因为它们停留在线性内存linear memory中的无监督的堆栈中。 - -2020年的一篇关于 [WebAssembly 的二进制安全性][5] 的论文指出，WebAssembly 代码仍然可以在设定的常量内存中覆盖字符串文字。同一篇论文描述了在三个不同的平台（浏览器、Node.JS 上的服务端应用程序和独立 WebAssembly 虚拟机的应用程序）上，WebAssembly 可能比编译为原生二进制文件时更不安全的其他方式。建议进一步阅读此主题。 - -通常，认为 WebAssembly 只能破坏其自身沙箱中的内容的想法可能会产生误导。WebAssembly 模块为调用它们的 JavaScript 代码做繁重的工作，每次都交换变量。如果模块在这些变量中的任意一处写入不安全的调用 WebAssembly 的 JavaScript 代码，就 _会_ 导致崩溃或数据泄露。 - -### 未来的方向 - -WebAssembly 的两个新出现的特性：[并发][7] 和内部垃圾收集，肯定会影响其安全性（如何影响以及影响多少，现在下结论还为时过早）。 - -并发允许多个 WebAssembly 模块在同一个虚拟机中并行。目前，只有通过 JavaScript [web workers][8] 才能实现这一点，但更好的机制正在开发中。安全方面，他们可能会带来[以前不需要的大量的代码][9]，会导致出现更多的错误。 - -[原生的垃圾收集器][10] 需要提高性能和安全性，但最重要的是在经过良好测试的浏览器的 Java 虚拟机VM （收集它们自己内部的所有垃圾）之外使用 WebAssembly。当然，甚至这个新代码也可能成为漏洞和攻击的另一个入口。 - -往好处想，使 WebAssembly 比现在更安全的通用策略也是存在的。再次引用 [这篇文章][5]，这些策略包括：编译器改进，栈、堆和常量数据 _分离_ 的线性存储机制，以及避免使用 **不安全的语言**（如 C）编译 WebAssembly 模块代码。 - -本文 [WebAssembly 安全的现在和未来][11] 首次发表在 [Linux 基金会 - 培训][12]。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.linux.com/news/webassembly-security-now-and-in-the-future/ - -作者：[Dan Brown][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[hanszhao80](https://github.com/hanszhao80) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://training.linuxfoundation.org/announcements/webassembly-security-now-and-in-the-future/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://training.linuxfoundation.org/announcements/an-introduction-to-webassembly/ -[2]: https://www.sec.cs.tu-bs.de/pubs/2019a-dimva.pdf -[3]: https://webassembly.org/docs/security/ -[4]: https://ctf101.org/binary-exploitation/stack-canaries/ -[5]: https://www.usenix.org/system/files/sec20-lehmann.pdf -[6]: https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/security/more-worries-over-the-security-of-web-assembly -[7]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/threads -[8]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_worker -[9]: https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/08/the-problems-and-promise-of-webassembly.html -[10]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/gc/blob/master/proposals/gc/Overview.md -[11]: https://training.linuxfoundation.org/announcements/webassembly-security-now-and-in-the-future/ -[12]: https://training.linuxfoundation.org/ From e676171e6c5249d491981950e859736abd2bead7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 15:10:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 012/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220513=20Install=20Third=20Party=20Software=20Using?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Fedy=20In=20Fedora=2036.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Party Software Using Fedy In Fedora 36.md | 162 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 162 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220513 Install Third Party Software Using Fedy In Fedora 36.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220513 Install Third Party Software Using Fedy In Fedora 36.md b/sources/tech/20220513 Install Third Party Software Using Fedy In Fedora 36.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e10ed011d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220513 Install Third Party Software Using Fedy In Fedora 36.md @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +[#]: subject: "Install Third Party Software Using Fedy In Fedora 36" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/install-third-party-software-fedy-fedora/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Install Third Party Software Using Fedy In Fedora 36 +====== +Install third-party software and multimedia codecs with Fedy in Fedora + +The Fedora project will not include any package that doesn't comply with [Fedora licensing policies][1] in the official repositories. So, the Fedora users rely on third-party repositories like **RPM Fusion** to install propriety drivers, software and codecs that Fedora doesn't want to ship due to legal and licensing reasons. In this guide, we will see what is **Fedy** and how to install third-party software and multimedia codecs with Fedy in Fedora Linux operating systems. + +### What is Fedy? + +Fedy is a simple graphical application that allows you to install several third-party applications, development tools, drivers, themes, and utilities in Fedora. + +You can install everything with a single mouse click! No need to use DNF/YUM or any other CLI/GUI package managers! Fedy will automatically add the respective repositories and install the selected applications. + +Fedy is a perfect post-installer application for Fedora that allows you to quickly install frequently used essential applications after a fresh Fedora installation. + +Whether you want to install a new software or a codec or apply a tweak, Fedy lets you do it without much hassle. + +Please note that Fedy doesn't have its own repository. It will simply search and add the repository(s) which has the required software and automatically install them. It is just like a GUI front-end to the DNF/YUM package manager. + +Fedy is free, open source application released under GPLv3. The source code of Fedy is hosted in GitHub. + +### Install Fedy in Fedora Linux + +First, you need to add and **enable RPM Fusion repository** in your Fedora system: + +``` +$ sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm https://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm +``` + +Next, add fedy copr repository using command: + +``` +$ sudo dnf copr enable kwizart/fedy +``` + +After enabling RPM Fusion and Fedy copr repositories, run the following command to install fedy in Fedora: + +``` +$ sudo dnf install fedy -y +``` + +Now let us see how to use Fedy to install/remove third-party applications in Fedora. + +### Install essential third-party applications in Fedora using Fedy + +Launch Fedy either from the Terminal by using command: + +``` +$ fedy +``` + +You can also open Fedy from the Application launcher or Dash or Menu. + +![Launch Fedy][2] + +The default interface of fedy will look like below: + +![Fedy main interface][3] + +As you can see, Fedy interface is very simple! + +As stated already, Fedy includes a lot of open and closed source applications, drivers and tools. All packages are categorized under six distinct sections as listed below: + +1. Apps +2. Development tools +3. Drivers +4. Themes +5. Tweaks +6. Utilities + +Just navigate to any section and install the available application(s). There is a search box on the top right-corner, which helps you to easily find a application to install or a tweak to apply. + +#### Install and remove applications + +The **Apps** section includes popular applications such as 1password, Anydesk, Insync, Microsoft teams, OneDrive, Spotify, Steam, WPS office, Zoom and many. + +To install any application, just click on the **Install** button next to the application's name. You will be prompted to enter the `sudo` password. Once the password is entered, Fedy will add the appropriate repository for the application and install it. It's that simple! + +![Install applications using Fedy in Fedora][4] + +You can also remove the installed applications from the Fedy interface as well. No need to use GNOME software or DNF package manager. + +#### Install development tools + +From Development tools section, you can install various development tools like Android studio, CUDA toolkit, Eclipse IDE, Google Cloud SDK, JetBrains, MongoDB, Oracle JDK, Pycharm, Rstudio, Sublime text, Visual studio code and more. + +#### Install drivers + +The Drivers section in Fedy contains drivers and firmware for audio, video, Bluetooth, GPU, and filesystem etc. In this section, you can also install LTS Kernel as well. + +Some of the notable drivers included in Fedy are: Broadcom 802.11 STA driver, Fuse exFAT driver, Intel legacy VAAPI driver, Nvidia GPU driver, and a few more. + +#### Install themes + +Fedy also allows you to change the look and feel of your Fedora desktop. You can make your desktop beautiful by installing popular themes like Flat-remix, Numix, and Papirus themes. + +#### Tweak your Fedora system + +This is my favorite section in Fedy. From Tweaks section in Fedora, you can tweak various settings, including the following: + +* Clean junk files, +* Disable Wayland, +* Disable mouse acceleration, +* Add colors to bash prompt and make it fancy, +* Configure GRUB2, +* Set SELinux to permissive mode, +* Enable system-wide touchpad tap-to-click, +* Fix Intel throttling issues with Lenova notebooks. + +![Tweak Fedora system using Fedy][5] + +As stated already, all settings can be configured with a single mouse click! No need to edit configuration files and do changes manually. Fedy will set the optimal settings automatically! + +#### Fedy utilities section + +This is yet another important section in Fedy. + +We can do the following from utilities section: + +* Adobe flash browser plug-in and player +* Archive utilities to compress and extract different file formats +* Necessary multimedia codecs to encode or decode audio/video streams +* Enable encrypted DVD playback +* Microsoft TrueType fonts such as Arial, Times New Roman, and other core Microsoft fonts +* Oracle JRE to run JAVA applications +* and theme engines used by GTK themes to draw widgets + +### Conclusion + +As far as I tested, Fedy seems quite useful for Fedora users, especially for the newbies. Using Fedy, you can quickly setup a full-fledged Fedora desktop with all necessary applications for personal as well as professional usage. + +**Resource:** + +* [Fedy GitHub Repository][6] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/install-third-party-software-fedy-fedora/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/packaging-guidelines/LicensingGuidelines/ +[2]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Launch-Fedy.png +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Fedy-main-interface.png +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Install-applications-using-Fedy-in-Fedora.png +[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Tweak-Fedora-system-using-Fedy.png +[6]: https://github.com/rpmfusion-infra/fedy From ef62d863da957bcfbd5761bcf661033a88f4d14f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 15:11:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 013/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?talk]:=2020220513=20When=20open=20source=20meets=20academic=20p?= =?UTF-8?q?ublishing-=20Platinum=20open=20access=20journals.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...blishing- Platinum open access journals.md | 77 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 77 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20220513 When open source meets academic publishing- Platinum open access journals.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20220513 When open source meets academic publishing- Platinum open access journals.md b/sources/talk/20220513 When open source meets academic publishing- Platinum open access journals.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..91c7df4d12 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20220513 When open source meets academic publishing- Platinum open access journals.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +[#]: subject: "When open source meets academic publishing: Platinum open access journals" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/platinum-open-access-academic-journals" +[#]: author: "Joshua Pearce https://opensource.com/users/jmpearce" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +When open source meets academic publishing: Platinum open access journals +====== +Academics can now publish free, read free, and still stay on track for professional success. + +![Stack of books for reading][1] +Image by: Opensource.com + +Academics routinely give away their work to companies for free—and then they buy it back! Can you imagine a farmer giving away free food and then paying to get it back for dinner? Probably not. Yet academics like me have been trapped for decades in a scheme where we give free work in exchange for job security and then pay millions of dollars a year to read our own writing. + +Fortunately, this is changing. The results from a [study][2] I just finished show that it is possible for academics to get job security without paying for it. My study found hundreds of journals that are *platinum open access* (OA)—that is, they require neither the author nor the readers to pay for peer-reviewed work—yet still carry the prestige and readership to help academics succeed in their careers. + +This trend is exploding: The [Directory of Open Access Journals][3] lists over 17,300 journals that offer a means of OA at some level, and over 12,250 have no article-processing charges (APCs). I used a handy open source [Python script][4] to compare this list to a list of journals ranked by the frequency with which their published papers are cited in other articles (The Journal Impact Factor List). It is clear that the last few years have seen a growing trend towards both OA in general and platinum OA specifically. These trends have the potential to accelerate science while helping prevent academic servitude. + +### The academic's dilemma + +Academics are generally pretty intelligent, so why have they engaged in this disadvantageous system for so long? Simply put, academics have been caught in a trap: In order to keep their jobs and get tenure, they need to publish in journals with a high impact factor. An impact factor is a metric based on the mean number of citations to articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as indexed by the proprietary Web of Science. Impact factors are a prestige metric for academics. + +Historically, academic publishing has been dominated by a handful of major publishers that used subscription-based business models. In this model, academic authors write articles, peer-review articles, and often do the editing of these articles—all for free. The articles are published under copyright owned by the major publishing companies. Then either the same academics pay to read these articles on an individual basis (~US $35/article), or their university libraries pay to subscribe to all of the articles in a journal. These costs can be astronomical: often over US $1 million per year for all titles from a single publisher. + +This system is senseless for many obvious reasons. Scientific progress is bogged down by restricting access to copyrighted scientific literature squirreled away behind paywalls. It is hard to do state-of-the-art research if you do not know what it is because you cannot read it. Scientists are divided into those who can afford access to the literature and those who cannot. Academics in the developing world often struggle to pay, but even well-endowed [Harvard University][5] has taken action to rein in its yearly journal expenses. + +Costs to authors are similarly high. APC values range from a few hundred dollars to jaw-dropping thousands of dollars per article. APCs can be particularly damaging for some disciplines that are less well funded, such as the humanities and social sciences (as compared to physical and medical sciences or engineering). Substantial APCs also reinforce the wealth gap in academia, making professional success dependent on having income to invest in publishing. Is there another profession that asks workers to pay money to make products for others? + +### Open access to the rescue! + +This problem can be solved by the OA movement, which advocates for making all academic literature freely accessible to everyone. There is an unmistakable rise in OA publishing: It now makes up nearly a third of the peer-reviewed literature. + +The benefits of OA are twofold. First, OA is a benefit to science overall, because it provides a frictionless means of reading the state of the art for making significant advancements in knowledge. Second, from an individual academic's point of view, OA provides the pragmatic advantage of enabling the broadest possible audience of their writing by making it freely and easily available on the internet. + +Funders have begun to demand OA for these reasons, particularly public funders of science. It is hard to argue that if the public funds research, they should have to pay a second time to read it. + +### Where is academic publishing now, and where it is going? + +Conventional publishers still have control of this situation, largely because of the perception that they have a monopoly on journals with an impact factor. Despite the disadvantages of publishing the traditional way, many academics continue to publish in subscription-based journals or pay high APCs, knowing that publication in high impact factor journals is vital for demonstrating expertise for grants, tenure, and promotion. + +A few years ago, academics simply had no choice: They could either publish in a journal with an impact factor or publish OA. Now they can publish OA and still get the benefits of an impact factor in one of three ways: + +* Green OA: Publish in a traditional way and then self-archive by uploading preprints or accepted versions of papers into an open repository or server. Some schools have an institutional repository for this purpose. For example, Western University has [Scholarship@Western][6], where any of their professors can share their work. Academics without their own institutional repos can use servers like [preprints.org][7], [arXiv][8], or  [OSF preprints][9]. I also use social media for academics, like [Academia][10] or [ResearchGate][11], for self-archiving. This can be complex to navigate because publishers have different rules, and it is somewhat time consuming. +* Gold OA: Publish in a growing list of journals with impact factors that make your paper freely available after publication but require an APC. This method is easy to navigate: Academics publish as usual and OA is built into the publishing process. The drawback is that funds going to APCs may be diverted from research activities. +* Platinum OA: Publish in platinum OA journals with an impact factor. No one pays either to read or to publish. The challenge here is finding a journal in your discipline that fits this criterion, but that continues to change. + +There are tens of thousands of journals, but only a few hundred platinum OA journals with impact factors. This may make it hard for academics to find a good fit between what they study and a journal that matches their interests. See the Appendix in my [study][12] for the list, or use the Python script mentioned above to run updated numbers for yourself. The number of platinum OA journals is growing quickly, so if you do not find something now you may have some solid journals to choose from soon. Happy publishing! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/platinum-open-access-academic-journals + +作者：[Joshua Pearce][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jmpearce +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/books_read_list_stack_study.png +[2]: https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge2020013 +[3]: https://doaj.org/ +[4]: https://osf.io/mh4bx/ +[5]: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/apr/24/harvard-university-journal-publishers-prices +[6]: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/ +[7]: https://www.preprints.org/ +[8]: https://arxiv.org/ +[9]: https://osf.io/preprints/ +[10]: https://westernu.academia.edu/JoshuaPearce/Papers +[11]: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joshua-Pearce +[12]: https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9585/2/2/13 From 5f99ce575478114e41cdb13e7863e4cbe95a6f2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 15:13:57 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 014/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220514=20Hidden=20Features!=2025=20Fun=20Things=20Yo?= =?UTF-8?q?u=20Can=20Do=20With=20DuckDuckGo=20Search=20Engine.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ou Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md | 235 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 235 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md b/sources/tech/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a7e0d70e42 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ +[#]: subject: "Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/duckduckgo-easter-eggs/" +[#]: author: "sreenath https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine +====== +DuckDuckGo is one of the alternative search engines that is less privacy intruding than the omnipresent Google. + +DuckDuckGo is one of the [alternative search engines that is less privacy intruding][1] than the omnipresent Google. + +It has improved a lot lately and works quite satisfactorily for general web search. It is nowhere close to Google when it comes to local search. + +However, DuckDuckGo (fondly nicknamed DDG) has some cool features most users are not aware of. If you are an ardent DDG fan, you may enjoy enhancing your search experience with these tricks. + +### 1. Jump on a specific website + +Type ! before your favorite website name and directly enter the website. This is like the ‘feeling lucky’ feature of Google but in DDG terms, it’s called ‘bangs.’ + +There are short forms for the websites, which will be suggested when we start typing. + +![duckduckgo bang feature][2] + +Entering the search term just after the website name will land you on the required result from that website. + +### 2. Convert text to ASCII + +Figlet is one of the [fun Linux commands][3]. It converts any text into a decorated ASCII format. + +Type **figlet** before any search term; it will print its ASCII output. No need to open the terminal. + +![Figlet in DDG][4] + +### 3. Check social media status + +Use ‘@’ in front of the proper twitter name of someone will show their status (followers etc.). + +![Itsfoss Twitter][5] + +### 4. Generate a strong password + +Type ‘password’ followed by the number of characters to be included and it will generate a strong, unique password for you. + +![Generating password in DuckDuckGo][6] + +### 5. Generate Random Passphrase + +Type ‘random passphrase’ to generate a passphrase, usually 4 words long. + +![Random Passphrase][7] + +### 6. Get a cheatsheet + +Type cheatsheet after the term whose cheatsheet you want. If there is a cheat sheet for the searched term, it will show it immediately on the search page. + +![Vim Cheatsheet][8] + +### 7. Get color from the color code + +Type ‘color’ followed by the hex code of the color you want to check and it will show what that color looks like. + +![Color][9] + +### 8. Generate a random number + +Searching ‘random number’ will output a random number between 0 and 1 + +![Random Number][10] + +You can also specify the range to look for. + +![Random Number between 1 and 1000][11] + +### 9. Convert to binary and other formats + +Type a binary number and append it with ‘binary’ will convert it from binary to decimal + +![Binary to Decimal][12] + +Similarly, it works for hexadecimal and oct, but I am confused about their logic. + +### 10. Find rhyming words + +Type ‘what rhymes with ‘ followed by the word you want to get rhymes of. Helps with your poetry skills, no? + +![What rhymes with rain][13] + +### 11. Get Ramanujan number, Pi, and other constants + +Type the name of the constant whose value you want and you get it right in the search result page. + +![Ramanujan Number][14] + +### 12. Check who is currently in space + +Type ‘people in space’ and get the list of those currently in space. It also shows how long they have been in space. + +![People in Space][15] + +### 13. Check if a website is down + +If you want to know if a particular website is down for you or for everyone, just use the “is xyz.com is down” search query. + +![Is down?][16] + +### 14. Get quotes on certain topics + +Type a word followed by quotes, and it will give quotes related to that word. + +![Get quotes in DDG][17] + +### 15. Get Placeholder texts + +Search for ‘lorem ipsum’ and get 5 paragraphs of placeholder texts. Useful for web developers perhaps. + +![Lorem ipsum][18] + +### 16. Get the calendar of any month + +Type calendar followed by day, month, and year and it gives you an interactive calendar of that month. + +![Calendar][19] + +### 17. Generate QR code + +Search ‘qr’ followed by any text, be it a link or anything, will generate the respective QR Code. + +![QRCode][20] + +### 18. Get some CSS Animations + +Search for ‘css animations’ to get some CSS animation examples. + +![CSS Animations][21] + +### 19. Expand a shortened link + +Got a bitly or some other shortened link but not sure where it takes you. Instead of landing on a spammy website, expand the shortened URL and see the actual website URL. + +Use the keyword expand followed by the shortened URL and it will show the actual destination URL. + +![Expand Link][22] + +### 20. Get HTML codes for special characters + +Search ‘html chars’ and get a very long list of HTML entities and their description, if pressed show more in the result + +![HTML Chars][23] + +### 21. Why should I use this? + +This one is pretty useless. If you enter the term “why should I use this?” it shows “cause it’s awesome” at the top of the search result page. Clearly, DuckDuckGo is referring to itself. + +![Why should I use this?][24] + +### 22. Convert case + +This works in two cases. lowercase will show the lowered case result + +![Lowercase][25] + +uppercase will show an uppercase result. + +![Uppercase][26] + +### 23. Encode a URL + +Search ‘encode’ followed by a URL will give an encoded result + +![URL Encode][27] + +### 24. Motherboard + +Search for ‘Motherboard’, and you can see that the logo of DuckDuckGo on the left side is changed. It shows a random logo from the selection of a few. + +![Motherboard][28] + +### 25. Get HTML Color Codes + +Search for ‘color codes’ and you get a chart of colors. Again, this one is more for web developers and designers. + +![Color Codes][29] + +### There are many more… + +My teammate Sreenath came up with this post idea. He says there are more such ‘easter eggs’ in DuckDuckGo and I believe him. But it won’t be feasible to list them all here. + +If you know more such interesting DDG search features, share them in the comments. If you found your next favorite search feature, do mention that too. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/duckduckgo-easter-eggs/ + +作者：[sreenath][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/privacy-search-engines/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/duckduckgo-bang-feature-800x449.png +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/funny-linux-commands/ +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/figlet-800x272.png +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/itsfoss-twitter-800x278.jpg +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/password-30-800x185.jpg +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/random-pqssphrase-800x179.png +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/vim-cheatsheet-800x367.png +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/color-800x289.jpg +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/random-number-800x235.png +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/random-number-between-1-and-1000-800x244.png +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/binary-800x184.png +[13]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/What-rhymes-with-rain-800x257.png +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ramanujan-number-800x238.png +[15]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/people-in-space-800x313.jpg +[16]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/is-down-800x204.png +[17]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/life-quotes-800x303.png +[18]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/lorem-ipsum-800x227.png +[19]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/calendar-800x331.png +[20]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/qrcode-800x255.png +[21]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/css-animations-800x385.jpg +[22]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/expand-shortened-link-ddg-800x209.png +[23]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/html-chars-800x174.png +[24]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/why-should-i-use-this-800x160.png +[25]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/lowercase-800x179.png +[26]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/uppercase-800x185.png +[27]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/url-encode-800x177.png +[28]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/motherboard.png +[29]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/color-codes-800x554.png From a91b4769e6206e0ebdfbf3d14024b06618864188 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hanszhao80 <155320754@qq.com> Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 17:15:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 015/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:20210615=20Listen=20to=20music=20on=20FreeDOS.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md | 99 ------------------- .../20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md | 99 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 99 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md b/sources/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1b73473703..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,99 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: (Listen to music on FreeDOS) -[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/6/listen-music-freedos) -[#]: author: (Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall) -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (hanszhao80) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) - -Listen to music on FreeDOS -====== -Mplayer is an open source media player that's usually found on Linux, -Windows, Mac, and DOS. -![Woman programming][1] - -Music is a great way to relax. On Linux, I listen to music using Rhythmbox. But did you know you can listen to music on FreeDOS, as well? Let's take a look at two popular programs to listen to music: - -### Listen to music with Mplayer - -[Mplayer][2] is an open source media player that's usually found on Linux, Windows, and Mac—but there's a DOS version available, too. And that's the version we include in FreeDOS. While the DOS port is based on an older version (version 1.0rc2-3-3-2 from 2007) it is perfectly serviceable for playing media on DOS. - -I use Mplayer to listen to music files on FreeDOS. For this example, I've copied one of my favorite audiobooks, Doctor Who: Flashpoint by [Big Finish Productions][3], and saved it as `C:\MUSIC\FLASHPNT.MP3` on my FreeDOS computer. To listen to Flashpoint on FreeDOS, I launch Mplayer from the FreeDOS command line and specify the MP3 filename to play. The basic usage of Mplayer is `mplayer [options] filename` so if the default settings work well for you, then you can just launch Mplayer with the filename. In this case, I ran these commands to change my working directory to `\MUSIC` and then run Mplayer with my MP3 audiobook file: - - -``` -CD \MUSIC -MPLAYER FLASHPNT.MP3 -``` - -FreeDOS is _case insensitive_, so it will accept uppercase or lowercase letters for DOS commands and any files or directories. You could also type `cd \music` or `Cd \Music` to move into the Music directory, and that would work the same. - -![mplayer on FreeDOS][4] - -You can use Mplayer to listen to MP3 files -(Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0][5]) - -Using Mplayer is a "no frills" way to listen to music files on FreeDOS. But at the same time, it's not distracting, so I can leave FreeDOS to play the MP3 file on my DOS computer while I use my other computer to do something else. However, FreeDOS runs tasks one at a time (in other words, DOS is a "single-tasking" operating system) so I cannot run Mplayer in the "background" on FreeDOS while I work on something else _on the same FreeDOS computer_. - -Note that Mplayer is a big program that requires a lot of memory to run. While DOS itself doesn't require much RAM to operate, I recommend at least 16 megabytes of memory to run Mplayer. - -### Listen to audio files with Open Cubic Player - -FreeDOS offers more than just Mplayer for playing media. We also include the [Open Cubic Player][6], which supports a variety of file formats including Midi and WAV files. - -In 1999, I recorded a short audio file of me saying, "Hello, this is Jim Hall, and I pronounce 'FreeDOS' as _FreeDOS_." This was meant as a joke, riffing off of a [similar audio file][7] (`english.au`, included in the Linux source code tree in 1994) recorded by Linus Torvalds to demonstrate how he pronounces "Linux." We don't distribute the _FreeDOS_ audio clip in FreeDOS itself, but you are welcome to download it from our [Silly Sounds][8] directory, found in the FreeDOS files archive at [Ibiblio][9]. - -You can listen to the _FreeDOS_ audio clip using the Open Cubic Player. To run Open Cubic Player, you normally would run `CP` from the `\APPS\OPENCP` directory. However, Open Cubic Player is a 32-bit application that requires a 32-bit DOS extender. A common DOS extender is DOS/4GW. While free to use, DOS/4GW is not an open source program, so we do not distribute it as a FreeDOS package. - -Instead, FreeDOS provides another open source 32-bit extender called DOS/32A. If you did not install everything when you installed FreeDOS, you may need to install it using [FDIMPLES][10]. I used these two commands to move into the `\APPS\OPENCP` directory, and to run Open Cubic Player using the DOS/32A extender: - - -``` -CD \APPS\OPENCP -DOS32A CP -``` - -Open Cubic Player doesn't sport a fancy user interface, but you can use the arrow keys to navigate the _File Selector_ to the directory that contains the media file you want to play. - -![Open Cubic Player][11] - -Open Cubic Player opens with a file selector -(Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0][5]) - -The text appears smaller than in other DOS applications because Open Cubic Player automatically changes the display to use 50 lines of text, instead of the usual 25 lines. Open Cubic Player will reset the display back to 25 lines when you exit the program. - -When you have selected your media file, Open Cubic Player will play it in a loop. (Press the Esc key on your keyboard to quit.) As the file plays over the speakers, Open Cubic Player displays a spectrum analyzer so you can see the audio for the left and right channels. The _FreeDOS_ audio clip is recorded in mono, so the left and right channels are the same. - -![Open Cubic Player][12] - -Open Cubic Player playing the "FreeDOS" audio clip -(Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0][5]) - -DOS may be from an older era, but that doesn't mean you can't use FreeDOS to run modern tasks or play current media. If you like to listen to digital music, try using Open Cubic Player or Mplayer on FreeDOS. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/21/6/listen-music-freedos - -作者：[Jim Hall][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[hanszhao80](https://github.com/hanszhao80) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/programming-code-keyboard-laptop-music-headphones.png?itok=EQZ2WKzy (Woman programming) -[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPlayer -[3]: https://bigfinish.com/ -[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mplayer.png (You can use Mplayer to listen to MP3 files) -[5]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ -[6]: https://www.cubic.org/player/ -[7]: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Linus-linux.ogg -[8]: https://www.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/pc-stuff/freedos/files/util/sillysounds/ -[9]: https://www.ibiblio.org/ -[10]: https://opensource.com/article/21/6/freedos-package-manager -[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/opencp1.png (Open Cubic Player opens with a file selector) -[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/opencp2.png (Open Cubic Player playing the "FreeDOS" audio clip) diff --git a/translated/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md b/translated/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e4e7538790 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +[#]: subject: (Listen to music on FreeDOS) +[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/6/listen-music-freedos) +[#]: author: (Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall) +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (hanszhao80) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) + +在 FreeDOS 中聆听音乐 +====== +Mplayer 是Linux、Windows、Mac 和 Dos 等操作系统上常见的一款开源媒体播放器。 + +![正在编程的女性][1] + +听音乐是放松心情的好方法。在 Linux 上，我使用 Rhythmbox 听音乐。但是你可能不知道在 FreeDOS 上也可以听音乐。让我们看一下两款流行的音乐播放器吧： + +### 用 Mplayer 听音乐 + +[Mplayer][2] 是一款开源的媒体播放器，通常安装于 Linux、Windows 和 Mac 上，但也有 DOS 版本可用。这里我们讨论的就是在 FreeDOS 版本。虽然 DOS 端口基于旧版（2007年的 1.0rc2-3-3-2 版），但它完全适用于在 DOS 上播放媒体。 + +我使用 MPlayer 在 FreeDOS 上听音乐文件。在这个例子中，我复制了我最喜欢的有声读物之一，[Big Finish Productions][3] 的神秘博士Doctor Who：闪点行动Flashpoint，并在我的 FreeDOS 计算机上将其保存为 `C:\MUSIC\FLASHPNT.MP3`。为了在 FreeDOS 上收听 闪点行动Flashpoint，我从 FreeDOS 命令行启动 MPlayer 并指定要播放的 MP3 文件名。MPlayer 的基本用法是 `mplayer [options] filename`，如果默认设置可用，你应该可以直接使用文件名启动MPlayer。在本例中，我运行以下命令将工作目录切换为 `\MUSIC`，然后使用 MPlayer 播放我的 MP3 有声读物文件： + + +``` +CD \MUSIC +MPLAYER FLASHPNT.MP3 +``` + +FreeDOS _不区分大小写_，因此它将忽略 DOS 命令和任何文件或目录的大小写字母的区别。你键入 `cd \music` 或 `Cd \Music` 都可以切换到 Music 目录，效果相同。 + +![FreeDOS 上的 Mplayer][4] + +你可以用 Mplayer 播放 MP3 文件 +(Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0][5]) + +使用 MPlayer 在 FreeDOS 播放音乐文件时没有花哨的界面。但同时，它也不会分散注意力。所以我可以一边让 FreeDOS 在我的 DOS 计算机上播放 MP3 文件，一边使用另一台计算机做其他事情。然而，FreeDOS一次只运行一个任务（换句话说，DOS 是一个单任务single-tasking操作系统），所以我不能将 MPlayer 置于 FreeDOS的”后台“运行，而在 _同一台 FreeDOS 机_ 上处理其他事情。 + +请注意，MPlayer 是一个需要大量内存才能运行的大程序。虽然 DOS 本身并不需要太多的内存来运行，但我建议至少有16兆的内存来运行 MPlayer。 + +### 使用 Open Cubic Player 听音频文件 + +FreeDOS 不止提供了 MPlayer 来播放媒体。还有 [Open Cubic Player][6]，它支持多种文件格式，包括 Midi 和 WAV 文件。 + +1999年，我录制了一段简短的音频文件，内容是我说：“你好，我是 Jim Hall，我把 'FreeDOS' 发音为 _FreeDOS_。"这是一个玩笑，借鉴了 Linus Torvalds 录制的演示他如何发音 Linux 的 [类似的音频文件][7]（`English.au`，包含在1994年的 Linux 源代码树中）中的创意。我们不会在 FreeDOS 中分发这段 _FreeDOS_ 音频剪辑，但欢迎你从我们的[Silly Sounds][8]目录中下载它，该目录位于 [Ibiblio][9] 的 FreeDOS 文件存档中。 + +你可以使用 Open Cubic Player 收听 _FreeDOS_ 音频剪辑。通常从 `\APPS\OPENCP` 目录键入 `CP` 命令运行 Open Cubic Player。但 Open Cubic Player 是32位应用程序，运行它需要32位 DOS 扩展器。常见的 DOS 扩展器是 DOS/4GW。虽然可以免费使用，但 DOS/4GW 不是开源程序，因此我们不会将其作为 FreeDOS 包分发。 + +相反，FreeDOS 提供了另一个名为 DOS/32A 的开源32位扩展器。如果你在安装FreeDOS时没有安装所有内容，则可能需要使用 [FDIMPLES][10] 进行安装。我使用这两行命令切换到 `\APPS\OPENCP` 路径，并使用 DOS/32A 扩展器运行 Open Cubic Player： + + +``` +CD \APPS\OPENCP +DOS32A CP +``` + +Open Cubic Player 没有花哨的用户界面，但你可以使用方向键将 _文件选择器File Selector_ 导航到包含要播放的媒体文件的目录。 + +![Open Cubic Player][11] + +Open Cubic Player 打开文件选择器 +(Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0][5]) + +文本比在其他 DOS 应用程序中显示的要小，因为 Open Cubic Player 会自动将显示更改为使用50行文本，而不是通常的25行。当你退出程序时，Open Cubic Player 会将显示重置为25行。 + +选择媒体文件后，Open Cubic Player 将循环播放该文件（按键盘上的 Esc 键退出）。当文件通过扬声器播放时，Open Cubic Player 会显示一个频谱仪，以便你可以观察左右声道的音频。 _freedos_ 音频剪辑是以单声道录制的，因此左右声道是相同的。 + +![Open Cubic Player][12] + +Open Cubic Player 中播放 ”FreeDOS“ 音频文件 +(Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0][5]) + +DOS 可能来自较早的年代，但这并不意味着你不能使用 FreeDOS 来执行现代任务或播放当前的媒体。如果你喜欢听数字音乐，试一试在 FreeDOS上 使用 Open Cubic Player 或 MPlayer 吧！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/21/6/listen-music-freedos + +作者：[Jim Hall][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hanszhao80](https://github.com/hanszhao80) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/programming-code-keyboard-laptop-music-headphones.png?itok=EQZ2WKzy (Woman programming) +[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPlayer +[3]: https://bigfinish.com/ +[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mplayer.png (You can use Mplayer to listen to MP3 files) +[5]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ +[6]: https://www.cubic.org/player/ +[7]: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Linus-linux.ogg +[8]: https://www.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/pc-stuff/freedos/files/util/sillysounds/ +[9]: https://www.ibiblio.org/ +[10]: https://opensource.com/article/21/6/freedos-package-manager +[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/opencp1.png (Open Cubic Player opens with a file selector) +[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/opencp2.png (Open Cubic Player playing the "FreeDOS" audio clip) From a2277c4613e23e74542d52e6fea2b2230f25017f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sat, 14 May 2022 23:59:21 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 016/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220514=20An=20introduction=20to=20USB=20Device=20Emu?= =?UTF-8?q?lation=20and=20how=20to=20take=20advantage=20of=20it.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ulation and how to take advantage of it.md | 472 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 472 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220514 An introduction to USB Device Emulation and how to take advantage of it.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220514 An introduction to USB Device Emulation and how to take advantage of it.md b/sources/tech/20220514 An introduction to USB Device Emulation and how to take advantage of it.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8aebcf286b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220514 An introduction to USB Device Emulation and how to take advantage of it.md @@ -0,0 +1,472 @@ +[#]: subject: "An introduction to USB Device Emulation and how to take advantage of it" +[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/an-introduction-to-usb-device-emulation-and-how-to-take-advantage-of-it/" +[#]: author: "Jose Ignacio Tornos Martinez https://fedoramagazine.org/author/jtornosm/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +An introduction to USB Device Emulation and how to take advantage of it +====== +![][1] + +A big bunch of USB devices by Jose Ignacio Tornos Martinez + +### Introduction + +Nowadays, the number of devices is getting bigger and bigger, and modern operating systems must try to support all types and several of them with every integration, with every release. Maintaining a large number of devices is difficult, expensive and also hard to test, specially for plug-and-play devices, like USB devices. + +Therefore, it is necessary to create a mechanism to facilitate the maintenance and testing of old and new USB devices. And this is where USB device emulation comes in. In that way, a complete framework including a big bunch of emulated and validated USB devices will allow easier integration and release. The area of application would be very wide: earlier bug search/detection even during development, automatic tests, continuous integration, etc. + +### How to emulate USB devices + +[USB/IP project][2] allows sharing the USB devices connected to a local machine so that they can be managed by another machine connected to the network by means of a TCP/IP connection. + +Then USB/IP project consists of two parts: + +* local device support (host) to allow remote access to every necessary control events and data +* remote control that catches every necessary control event and data to process like a normal driver + +The procedure is valid for Linux and Windows, here I will focus only on Linux. + +The idea behind emulation is to replace the remote device support with an application that behaves in the same way. In this way we can emulate devices with software applications that follow the commented USB/IP protocol specification. + +In the following points I will describe how to configure and run the remote support and how to connect to our USB emulated device. + +#### Remote support + +Remote support is divided in two parts: + +* kernel space to control a remote device as it was local, that is, to be probed by the normal driver. +* user space application to configure access to remote devices. + +At this point, it is important to remark that the device emulators, after configuration by user space application, will communicate directly with the kernel space. + +Local support has a very similar structure, but the focus of this article is device emulation. + +Let’s analyze every part of remote support. + +##### Kernel space + +First of all, in order to get the functionality we need to compile the Linux Kernel with the following options: + +``` +CONFIG_USBIP_CORE=mCONFIG_USBIP_VHCI_HCD=m +``` + +These options enable the USB/IP virtual host controller driver, which is run on the remote machine. + +Normal USB drivers need to be also included because they will be probed and configured in the same way from virtual host controller drivers. + +Besides there are other important configuration options: + +``` +CONFIG_USBIP_VHCI_HC_PORTS=8CONFIG_USBIP_VHCI_NR_HCS=1 +``` + +These options define the number of ports per USB/IP virtual host controller and the number of USB/IP virtual host controllers as if adding physical host controllers. These are the default values if *CONFIG_USBIP_VHCI_HCD* is enabled, increase if necessary. + +The commented options and kernel modules are already included in some Linux distributions like Fedora Linux. + +Let’s see an example of available virtual USB buses and ports that we will use later. + +Default and real resources in example equipment: + +``` +$ lsusb Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0627:0001 Adomax Technology Co., Ltd Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub $ lsusb -t /: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/15p, 5000M /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/15p, 480M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 480M$ +``` + +Now, we will load the module vhci-hcd into the system (default configuration for *CONFIG_USBIP_VHCI_HC_PORTS* and *CONFIG_USBIP_VHCI_NR_HCS*): + +``` +$ sudo modprobe vhci-hcd $ lsusb Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0627:0001 Adomax Technology Co., Ltd Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub $ lsusb -t /: Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=vhci_hcd/8p, 5000M /: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=vhci_hcd/8p, 480M /: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/15p, 5000M /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/15p, 480M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 480M$ +``` + +The remote USB/IP virtual host controller driver will only use the configured virtualized resources. Of course, emulated devices will work in the same way. + +##### User space + +The other necessary part in the USB/IP project is the user space tool *usbip* and needs to be used to configure the referred kernel space on both sides, although, in the same way, we only focus on the remote side, since the local side will be represented by the emulator. + +That is, *usbip*tool will configure the USB/IP virtual controller (tcp client) in kernel space to connect to the device emulator (tcp server) in order to establish a direct connection between them for USB configuration, events, data, etc. exchange. + +The tool is independent of the type of device and is able to provide information about available and reserved resources (see more information in the examples below). + +The local USB/IP virtual host controller needs to specify the pair bus-port that will used for remote access, it will be the same for emulated devices, but in this case, this pair can be anything because there is no real device and resource reservation is not necessary. + +This tool is found on the Linux Kernel repository in order to be totally synchronized with it. + +Location of the tool on the Linux Kernel repository: *./tools/usb/usbip* + +In some distribution like Fedora Linux, the *usbip* utility can be installed by means of *usbip* package from repositories. If *usbip* utility or related package can not be found, follow the instruction in the available README file to compile and install. Suitable rpm package can also be generated from the [usbip-emulator][3]repository: + +``` +$ git clone https://github.com/jtornosm/USBIP-Virtual-USB-Device.git +$ cd USBIP-Virtual-USB-Device/usbip +$ make rpm +... +$ +``` + +#### How to emulate USB devices + +Emulators are generated in Python and C. I have started with C development (I will focus on this part), but the same could be done in Python. + +For C development, compile emulation tools from the [usbip-emulator][4]repository: + +``` +$ git clone https://github.com/jtornosm/USBIP-Virtual-USB-Device.git +$ cd USBIP-Virtual-USB-Device/c +$ make +... +$ +``` + +All the supported devices emulated at this moment will be generated: + +* hid-keyboard +* hid-mouse +* cdc-adm +* hso +* cdc-ether +* bt + +rpm package (*usbip-emulator*) can be also generated with: + +``` +$ make rpm +... +$ +``` + +As examples, Vendor and Product IDs are hardcoded in the code. + +Following three examples to show how emulation works. We are using the same equipment for the emulator and remote USB/IP but they could run in different equipment. Besides, we are reserving different resources so all the devices could be emulated at the same time. + +##### Example 1: hso + +From one terminal, let’s emulate the hso device: + +(“1-1” is the pair bus-port for the USB device on the local machine, as we are emulating, it could be anything. It is only important because *usbip* tool will have to use the same name to request the emulated device) + +``` +$ hso -p 3241 -b 1-1 +hso started.... +server usbip tcp port: 3241 +Bus-Port: 3-0:1.0 +... +``` + +From another terminal, connect to the emulator: + +(localhost because emulator is running in the same equipment and the same name for pair bus-port as the emulator) + +``` +$ sudo modprobe vhci-hcd $ sudo usbip --tcp-port 3241 attach -r 127.0.0.1 -b 1-1 usbip: info: using port 3241 ("3241") $ +``` + +Now we can check that the new device is present: + +(As we saw previously, for this example machine, bus 3 is virtualized) + +``` +$ ip addr show dev hso +0 3: hso0: mtu 1486 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 10 +link/none +$ rfkill list +0: hso-0: Wireless WAN +Soft blocked: no +Hard blocked: no +... +$ lsusb +... +Bus 003 Device 002: ID 0af0:6711 Option GlobeTrotter Express 7.2 v2 +... +$ lsusb -t +... +/: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=vhci_hcd/8p, 480M +|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=hso, 12M +... +$ +``` + +In order to release resources: + +``` +$ sudo usbip port Imported USB devices ==================== Port 00: at Full Speed(12Mbps) Option : GlobeTrotter Express 7.2 v2 (0af0:6711) 3-1 -> usbip://127.0.0.1:3241/1-1 -> remote bus/dev 001/002 $ sudo usbip detach -p 00 usbip: info: Port 0 is now detached! $ +``` + +And we can check that the device is released: + +``` +$ ip addr show dev hso0 +Device "hso0" does not exist. +$ rfkill list +... +$ lsusb +... +$ +``` + +After this, we can emulate again or stop the emulated device from the first terminal (i.e. with Ctrl-C). + +##### Example 2: cdc-ether + +From one terminal, let’s emulate the cdc-ether device (root permission is required because raw socket needs to bind to specified interface for data plane): + +(“1-1” is the pair bus-port for the USB device on the local machine, as we are emulating, it could be anything. It is only important because *usbip* tool will have to use the same name to request the emulated device) + +``` +$ sudo cdc-ether -e 88:00:66:99:5b:aa -i enp1s0 -p 3242 -b 1-1 +cdc-ether started.... +server usbip tcp port: 3242 +Bus-Port: 1-1 +Ethernet address: 88:00:66:99:5b:aa +Manufacturer: Temium +Network interface to bind: enp1s0 +... +``` + +From another terminal connect to the emulator: + +(localhost because emulator is running in the same equipment and the same name for pair bus-port as the emulator) + +``` +$ sudo modprobe vhci-hcd $ sudo usbip --tcp-port 3242 attach -r 127.0.0.1 -b 1-1 usbip: info: using port 3242 ("3242") $ +``` + +Now we can check that the new device is present: + +(As we saw previously, for this example machine, bus 3 is virtualized) + +``` +$ ip addr show dev eth0 +4: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 +link/ether 88:00:66:99:5b:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff +$ sudo ethtool eth0 +... +Link detected: yes +$ lsusb +... +Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0fe6:9900 ICS Advent +... +$ lsusb -t +... +/: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=vhci_hcd/8p, 480M +|__ Port 2: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Communications, Driver=cdc_ether, 480M +|__ Port 2: Dev 3, If 1, Class=CDC Data, Driver=cdc_ether, 480M +... +$ +``` + +For this example, we can also test the data plane. + +(IP forwarding is disabled in both sides) + +First, we can configure the IP address in the emulated device: + +``` +$ sudo ip addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev eth0 $ ip addr show dev eth0 4: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 88:00:66:99:5b:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.0.1/24 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever $ +``` + +Second, for example, from other directly Ethernet connected machine (real or virtual) we can configure a macvlan interface in the same subnet to send/receive traffic (ping, iperf, etc.): + +``` +$ sudo ip link add macvlan0 link enp1s0 type macvlan mode bridge +$ sudo ip addr add 10.0.0.2/24 dev macvlan0 +$ sudo ip link set macvlan0 up +$ ip addr show dev macvlan0 +3: macvlan0@enp1s0: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 +link/ether d6:f1:cd:f1:cc:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff +inet 10.0.0.2/24 scope global macvlan0 +valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +inet6 fe80::d4f1:cdff:fef1:cc02/64 scope link +valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +$ ping 10.0.0.1 +PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. +64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=55.6 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=2.19 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.74 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.76 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms +64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.65 ms +... +``` + +In order to release resources: + +``` +$ sudo usbip port +Imported USB devices +==================== +... +Port 01: at High Speed(480Mbps) +ICS Advent : unknown product (0fe6:9900) +3-2 -> usbip://127.0.0.1:3245/1-1 +-> remote bus/dev 001/003 +$ sudo usbip detach -p 01 +usbip: info: Port 1 is now detached! +$ +``` + +And we can check that the device is released: + +``` +$ ip addr show dev eth0 Device "eth0" does not exist. $ lsusb ... $ +``` + +And of course, traffic from the other machine is not working: + +``` +From 10.0.0.2 icmp_seq=167 Destination Host Unreachable +From 10.0.0.2 icmp_seq=168 Destination Host Unreachable +From 10.0.0.2 icmp_seq=169 Destination Host Unreachable +From 10.0.0.2 icmp_seq=170 Destination Host Unreachable +... +``` + +After this, we can emulate again or stop the emulated device from the first terminal (i.e. with Ctrl-C). + +##### Example 3: bt + +From one terminal, let’s emulate the Bluetooth device: + +(“1-1” is the pair bus-port for the USB device on the local machine, as we are emulating, it could be anything. It is only important because *usbip* tool will have to use the same name to request the emulated device) + +``` +$ bt -a aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11 -p 3243 -b 1-1 +bt started.... +server usbip tcp port: 3243 +Bus-Port: 1-1 +BD address: aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11 +Manufacturer: Trust +... +``` + +From another terminal connect to the emulator: + +(localhost because emulator is running in the same equipment and the same name for pair bus-port as the emulator) + +``` +$ sudo modprobe vhci-hcd $ sudo usbip --tcp-port 3243 attach -r 127.0.0.1 -b 1-1 usbip: info: using port 3243 ("3243") $ +``` + +Now we can check that the new device is present: + +(As we saw previously, for this example machine, bus 3 is virtualized) + +``` +$ hciconfig -a +hci0: Type: Primary Bus: USB +BD Address: AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:11 ACL MTU: 310:10 SCO MTU: 64:8 +UP RUNNING PSCAN ISCAN INQUIRY +RX bytes:1451 acl:0 sco:0 events:80 errors:0 +TX bytes:1115 acl:0 sco:0 commands:73 errors:0 +Features: 0xff 0xff 0x8f 0xfe 0xdb 0xff 0x5b 0x87 +Packet type: DM1 DM3 DM5 DH1 DH3 DH5 HV1 HV2 HV3 +Link policy: RSWITCH HOLD SNIFF PARK +Link mode: SLAVE ACCEPT +Name: 'BT USB TEST - CSR8510 A10' +Class: 0x000000 +Service Classes: Unspecified +Device Class: Miscellaneous, +HCI Version: 4.0 (0x6) Revision: 0x22bb +LMP Version: 3.0 (0x5) Subversion: 0x22bb +Manufacturer: Cambridge Silicon Radio (10) + +$ rfkill list +... +1: hci0: Bluetooth +Soft blocked: no +Hard blocked: no +$ lsusb +... +Bus 003 Device 004: ID 0a12:0001 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode) +... +$ lsusb -t +... +/: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=vhci_hcd/8p, 480M +|__ Port 3: Dev 4, If 0, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M +|__ Port 3: Dev 4, If 1, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M +... +$ +``` + +And we can turn off and turn on the emulated Bluetooth device, detecting several fake Bluetooth devices: + +(At this moment, fake Bluetooth devices are not emulated/simulated so we can not set up) + +![Turn Bluetooth off][5] + +![Turn Bluetooth on][6] + +In order to release resources: + +``` +$ sudo usbip port +Imported USB devices +==================== +... +Port 02: at Full Speed(12Mbps) +Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd : Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode) (0a12:0001) +3-3 -> usbip://127.0.0.1:3243/1-1 +-> remote bus/dev 001/002 +$ sudo usbip detach -p 02 +usbip: info: Port 2 is now detached! +$ +``` + +And we can check that the device is released: + +``` +$ hciconfig +$ rfkill list +... +$ lsusb +... +$ +``` + +And of course, device is not detected (as before emulation): + +![Bluetooth is not found][7] + +After this, we can emulate again or stop the emulated device from the first terminal (i.e. with Ctrl-C). + +### Emulated vs real USB devices + +When the real hardware and/or final device is not used to test, we can always feel insecure about the results, and this is the biggest hurdle that we will have to overcome to check the correct operation of the devices by means of emulation. + +So, in order to be confident, emulation must be as close as possible to the real hardware and in order to get the most real emulation every aspect of the device must be covered (or at least the necessary ones if they are not related with other aspects). In fact, for a correct test, we must not modify the driver, that is, we must only emulate the physical layer, so that the driver is not able to know if the device is real or emulated. + +Starting to test with the real hardware device is a very good idea to get a reference to build the emulator with the same features. For the case of USB devices, the device emulator building is easier because of the existing procedure to get remote control that complies with all the characteristics mentioned above. + +### Conclusion + +USB device emulation is the best way to integrate and test the related features in an efficient, automatic and easy way. But, in order to be confident about the emulation procedure, device emulators need to be previously validated to confirm that they work in the same way as real hardware. + +Of course, the USB device emulator is not the same as the real hardware device, but the commented method, thanks to the tested procedure to get remote control of the device, it’s very close to the real scenario and can help a lot to improve our release and testing processes. + +Finally, I would like to comment that one of the best advantages of using software emulators is that we will be able to cause specific behaviors, in a simple way, that would be very difficult to reproduce with real hardware, and this could help to find issues and be more robust. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://fedoramagazine.org/an-introduction-to-usb-device-emulation-and-how-to-take-advantage-of-it/ + +作者：[Jose Ignacio Tornos Martinez][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/jtornosm/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/usb_device_emulation-4-816x345.jpg +[2]: http://usbip.sourceforge.net/ +[3]: https://github.com/jtornosm/USBIP-Virtual-USB-Device.git +[4]: https://github.com/jtornosm/USBIP-Virtual-USB-Device.git +[5]: https://jtornosm.fedorapeople.org/usb_device_emulation/usb-emulator_html_2ad86980149353eb.png +[6]: https://jtornosm.fedorapeople.org/usb_device_emulation/usb-emulator_html_2b57acabd220bd97.png +[7]: https://jtornosm.fedorapeople.org/usb_device_emulation/usb-emulator_html_d21fdeeff70f0d57.png From d2fc93ddc6c9942d1d93cd508426100a84d50231 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: unigeorge <40418272+unigeorge@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 15 May 2022 00:37:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 017/333] translating --- ...se Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md b/sources/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md index 068d5ba797..7a3f09fa67 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/4/apache-druid-open-source-analytics" [#]: author: "David Wang https://opensource.com/users/davidwang" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "unigeorge" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/apache-druid-open-source-analytics 作者：[David Wang][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[unigeorge](https://github.com/unigeorge) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From d23435869693b0b3f224af580f3f6481282c27e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 15 May 2022 08:17:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 018/333] A --- ...nux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20220511 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md b/sources/news/20220511 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md index 0cfe6e8df3..b9eec789c1 100644 --- a/sources/news/20220511 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md +++ b/sources/news/20220511 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/rhel-9-release/" [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "wxy" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 0ed0265c7de32707eeafa8757574c53152d080d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 15 May 2022 08:37:04 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 019/333] ALL @wxy https://linux.cn/article-14594-1.html --- ... the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md | 82 +++++++++++++++++++ ... the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md | 81 ------------------ 2 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20220511 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220511 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md diff --git a/published/20220511 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md b/published/20220511 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3987d587c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220511 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +[#]: subject: "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/rhel-9-release/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "wxy" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14594-1.html" + +红帽宣布 RHEL 9：企业 IT 的下一代骨干系统 +====== + +> RHEL 9 是使用 CentOS Stream 构建的最新升级版。这也是其在 IBM 旗下发布的第一个主要版本。 + +![红帽 9][1] + +红帽企业 Linux（RHEL）无疑是开源企业生态系统中的一个重要角色。 + +可能你记得，IBM 在 2019 年以 340 亿美元收购了红帽公司。因此，可以说，RHEL 8 是它被收购前的最后一个主要版本。 + +多年来，RHEL 8 已经有了几次更新。 + +最后，红帽宣布发布了 RHEL 9，作为为企业 IT 基础设施提供动力的下一代升级版本。 + +在这里，让我重点介绍一下该版本的主要新增功能。 + +### RHEL 9 的新变化 + +请注意，该平台将在未来几周内普遍提供。但是，既然已经正式宣布，应该不会花很长时间。 + +如果你是一个 Linux 桌面用户，也不关心云创新，你会发现有许多技术术语。你需要参考红帽的官方文档来了解它们。 + +如果你已经在使用 [CentOS Stream][2]，你可能对 RHEL 9 的升级有一定的了解。 + +是的，RHEL 9 是第一个由 CentOS Stream 构建的生产版本。 + +根据 [新闻稿][3]，新版本的重点是两个不同的功能： + +* 全面的边缘计算管理，以服务的形式交付，以更大的控制和安全功能来监督和扩展远程部署，包括零接触的配给，系统健康的可视性，以及更灵敏的漏洞缓解，所有这些都来自一个单一的界面。 +* 通过 Podman（RHEL 的集成容器管理技术）自动回滚容器，它可以自动检测新更新后的容器是否无法启动，然后将容器回滚到以前的工作版本。 + +其他主要亮点包括： + +* 一个新的镜像构建器服务。 +* 与 AWS Graviton 处理器的整合。 +* 针对 Spectre 和 Meltdown 等硬件级安全漏洞的改进。 +* 引入一个新的完整性测量架构。 +* WireGuard VPN 技术（无支持的技术预览）。 +* 改进了自动化。 +* Python 3.9 +* Node.js 16 +* Linux 内核 5.14 + +你可以参考 [RHEL 9 测试版发布说明][4] 以了解更多关于该版本的信息。 + +### 总结 + +虽然该版本可能不具有最新和最伟大的技术，但这些更新特性和功能应该有助于为较新的 IT 需求提供增强的支持。 + +最新版本应该在未来几周内通过红帽客户门户和云供应商市场提供。如果你不了解，可以在 [官方网站][5] 上查看这个 Linux 平台的定价。 + +当然，你也可以通过 [红帽开发者计划][6] 免费在一些系统上测试它。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/rhel-9-release/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/rhel-9-0.jpg +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/centos-stream-faq/ +[3]: https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/red-hat-defines-new-epicenter-innovation-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9 +[4]: https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/whats-new-rhel-90-beta +[5]: https://www.redhat.com/en/store/linux-platforms +[6]: https://developers.redhat.com/products/rhel/overview diff --git a/sources/news/20220511 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md b/sources/news/20220511 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md deleted file mode 100644 index b9eec789c1..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220511 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,81 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/rhel-9-release/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "wxy" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Announced as the Next-Gen Backbone of Enterprise IT -====== -RHEL 9 is the latest upgrade built using the CentOS Stream. It’s the first major release under IBM as well. - -![red hat 9][1] - -Red Hat Enterprise Linux is undoubtedly a significant player in the open-source enterprise ecosystem. - -If you didn’t know, IBM acquired it for $34 Billion in 2019. So, it is safe to say that Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 was the last major release before the acquisition. - -There have been several updates to RHEL 8 over the years. - -Finally, Red Hat announced the release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 as the next-gen upgrade to power up enterprise IT infrastructure. - -Here, let me highlight the key additions to the release. - -### Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9: What’s New? - -Note that the platform will be generally available in the coming weeks. But, now that it is officially announced, it should not take long. - -If you are a Linux desktop user and aren’t concerned about cloud innovation, you will find numerous technical jargon. You will need to refer to Red Hat’s official documentation to know more about them. - -If you’re already using [CentOS Stream][2], you might have an idea about the RHEL 9 upgrade. - -Yes, RHEL 9 is the first production release built from CentOS Stream. - -As per the [press release][3], the new version focuses on two different capabilities: - -* Comprehensive edge management, delivered as a service, to oversee and scale remote deployments with greater control and security functionality, encompassing zero-touch provisioning, system health visibility, and more responsive vulnerability mitigations all from a single interface. -* Automatic container roll-back with Podman, Red Hat Enterprise Linux’s integrated container management technology, which can automatically detect if a newly-updated container fails to start and then roll the container back to the previous working version. - -Other key highlights include: - -* A new image builder service. -* Integration with AWS Graviton processors. -* Improvements to address hardware-level security vulnerabilities like Spectre and Meltdown. -* Introducing a new integrity measurement architecture. -* WireGuard VPN technology is available as an unsupported technology preview. -* Improved automation. -* Python 3.9 -* Node.js 16 -* Linux Kernel 5.14 - -You can refer to [RHEL 9 beta release notes][4] to know more about the release. - -### Wrapping Up - -While the release may not feature the latest and greatest technologies, updated features and capabilities should help provide enhanced support for newer IT requirements. - -The latest version should be available in the coming weeks via the Red Hat Customer portal and cloud provider marketplaces. You can check the pricing for Linux platforms on the [official site][5] if you’re new. - -Of course, you can also get free access to it for some systems to test through the [Red Hat Developer programs][6]. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/rhel-9-release/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/rhel-9-0.jpg -[2]: https://itsfoss.com/centos-stream-faq/ -[3]: https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/red-hat-defines-new-epicenter-innovation-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9 -[4]: https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/whats-new-rhel-90-beta -[5]: https://www.redhat.com/en/store/linux-platforms -[6]: https://developers.redhat.com/products/rhel/overview From a43b2fa25d9b100159d6a22a40e8d10669b03ca4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 15 May 2022 09:45:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 020/333] RP @lkxed https://linux.cn/article-14595-1.html --- ...th GNOME’s New Terminal for Linux Users.md | 55 +++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220430 Hands On With GNOME’s New Terminal for Linux Users.md (64%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220430 Hands On With GNOME’s New Terminal for Linux Users.md b/published/20220430 Hands On With GNOME’s New Terminal for Linux Users.md similarity index 64% rename from translated/tech/20220430 Hands On With GNOME’s New Terminal for Linux Users.md rename to published/20220430 Hands On With GNOME’s New Terminal for Linux Users.md index c4e1cc3e08..bccab5bdb0 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220430 Hands On With GNOME’s New Terminal for Linux Users.md +++ b/published/20220430 Hands On With GNOME’s New Terminal for Linux Users.md @@ -3,60 +3,76 @@ [#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14595-1.html" -上手体验 GNOME 为 Linux 用户带来的新终端 +GNOME 新终端程序尝鲜 ====== 几天前，我分享了我 [对新 GNOME 文本编辑器的体验][1]，它是原编辑器 Gedit 的替代品。 -但它并不是唯一的应用程序替代品。GNOME 42 还有一个新的终端，叫做 [控制台Console][2]。 +但它并不是唯一的应用程序替代品。GNOME 42 还有一个新的终端，叫做 [控制台][2]Console。 让我来分享一下 GNOME 提供的这个新终端的新功能，以及它的使用体验吧！ -### Console：GNOME 的新终端模拟器 +### 控制台：GNOME 的新终端模拟器 -这个新应用程序的目标是提供一个“简单的用户友好的终端模拟器”。它确实“简单”，因为它没有提供以往 GNOME 终端下用户习惯的许多功能。 +这个新应用程序的目标是提供一个“简单的、用户友好的终端模拟器”。它确实“简单”，因为它没有提供以往 GNOME 终端下用户习惯的许多功能。 后面我会继续谈这个话题。让我们先看看 GNOME 控制台的新功能。 #### 桌面通知 -Ubuntu 的 GNOME 终端从来没有这个功能，不过我在 elementary 和 Fedora 等发行版中看到过。 +Ubuntu 上的 GNOME 终端从来没有这个功能，不过我在 elementary 和 Fedora 等发行版中看到过。 这是一个很方便的功能，当一个长期运行的命令执行完毕时，终端会发送一个桌面通知。 ![GNOME 控制台的通知][3] -如果你在命令运行的同时，需要做其他事情，那么得到命令完成的通知有助于你保持工作效率。 +如果你在命令正在运行的同时，需要做其他事情，那么得到命令完成的通知有助于你保持工作效率。 -#### 进行 root 操作时改变窗口颜色 +#### 进行 root 和 SSH 操作时改变窗口颜色 这很可能是我在其他终端程序中没有见过的独特功能。 -当你使用带有 sudo 或 [切换到根用户][4] 的命令时，应用程序窗口会变成红色。 +当你用 `sudo 运行命令或 [切换到 root 用户][4] 时，应用程序窗口会变成红色。 ![GNOME 控制台在使用 sudo 或 root 用户时变成红色][5] 我想它的目的是警告用户他们正在使用高级权限，因此在运行命令时要小心。 +同样，如果你使用 SSH 连接到一个远程服务器，终端应用程序窗口的颜色会变成紫色。 + +![GNOME 控制台在 SSH 连接时变成紫色][5a] + +这也是提醒用户命令正在远程 Linux 机器上运行，而不是在本地机器上运行的好方法。 + #### 主题 遵循新的设计准则，控制台提供了三种主题：浅色、深色和跟随系统。 ![GNOME 控制台主题][6] -控制台默认使用系统主题，它根据你的操作系统主题而改变中终端配色。如果你不想改变系统主题，你可以使用控制台的浅色/深色选项。 +控制台默认使用系统主题，它根据你的操作系统的深浅主题而改变终端配色。你也可以单独使用控制台的浅色/深色主题，而不用改变系统主题。 关于主题的内容差不多就这些。你可以进行的 [终端定制][7] 并不多。 +### 关闭终端窗口时更好的警告 + +当你试图关闭一个仍在运行的命令时，老的 GNOME 终端也会显示一个警告。 + +![旧版 GNOME 终端中的警告][7a] + +这个警告在新的 GNOME 控制台中稍好一些，因为它也会显示正在运行的命令。 + +![新版 GNOME 控制台中的警告][7b] + #### 透明界面 GNOME 控制台默认有一个透明界面。在正常模式下，你可以透过它看到一点背景。 -例如，你可以从背景程序中看到一些模糊的文字。 +例如，你可以看到背景程序中的一些模糊的文字。 ![GNOME 控制台的透明界面][8] @@ -80,19 +96,19 @@ GNOME 控制台默认有一个透明界面。在正常模式下，你可以透 ### 在 Ubuntu 22.04 上安装 GNOME 控制台 -如果你的发行版使用了未经修改的 GNOME 42，那么它应该默认提供了新终端。 +如果你的发行版使用了原版 GNOME 42，那么它应该默认提供了新终端。 尽管 Ubuntu 22.04 使用的是 GNOME 42，但它仍然使用旧的 GNOME 终端。不过，你可以使用下面的命令来安装新的控制台。 -```shell +``` sudo apt install gnome-console ``` ### 总结 -你可能会想，既然我们已经有了一个更好的、功能更强的 GNOME 终端，为什么还要开发一个新的控制台呢？这是因为 GNOME 有了新的设计指南。改造这些应用程序的旧代码库太复杂了，可能也不不大划算，从头开始写反而会更容易，因此你会看到更多的“新的” GNOME 应用程序，如控制台和文本编辑器。 +你可能会想，既然我们已经有了一个更好的、功能更强的 GNOME 终端，为什么还要开发一个新的控制台呢？这是因为 GNOME 有了新的设计指南。改造这些应用程序的旧代码库太复杂了，可能也不大划算，从头开始写反而会更容易，因此你会看到更多的“新的” GNOME 应用程序，如控制台和文本编辑器。 -由于这个新的应用程序的目标是让事情更简单，因此它没有提供很多功能。你不能定制它，改变颜色、字体等。由于不支持定制，所以也不需要配 +由于这个新的应用程序的目标是让事情更简单，因此它没有提供很多功能。你不能定制它，改变颜色、字体等。由于不支持定制，所以也不需要配置文件。 对于很少使用终端的人来说，控制台已经够用了。不过，我认为应该增加在输入密码时显示星号的功能。其他 [面向初学者的发行版][12]，如 Mint，就使用了这个功能，从而避免对 Linux 新手用户造成困扰。 @@ -105,7 +121,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-console/ 作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 @@ -116,8 +132,11 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-console/ [3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/notification-from-gnome-console.png [4]: https://itsfoss.com/root-user-ubuntu/ [5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GNOME-Console-turns-red-when-using-sudo-or-root-800x442.webp +[5a]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/gnome-console-color-change-ssh.png [6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/themes-gnome-console.png [7]: https://itsfoss.com/customize-linux-terminal/ +[7a]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/warning-in-old-gnome-terminal.png +[7b]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/warning-in-new-gnome-console.png [8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/transparent-gnome-console.png [9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/tabs-GNOME-Console.png [10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/search-GNOME-Console.png From c142a362001d66d7d1699c19f9557edd99d620d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 15 May 2022 09:49:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 021/333] R --- ...220430 Hands On With GNOME’s New Terminal for Linux Users.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/published/20220430 Hands On With GNOME’s New Terminal for Linux Users.md b/published/20220430 Hands On With GNOME’s New Terminal for Linux Users.md index bccab5bdb0..6e2984b1e5 100644 --- a/published/20220430 Hands On With GNOME’s New Terminal for Linux Users.md +++ b/published/20220430 Hands On With GNOME’s New Terminal for Linux Users.md @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Ubuntu 上的 GNOME 终端从来没有这个功能，不过我在 elementary 和 这很可能是我在其他终端程序中没有见过的独特功能。 -当你用 `sudo 运行命令或 [切换到 root 用户][4] 时，应用程序窗口会变成红色。 +当你用 `sudo` 运行命令或 [切换到 root 用户][4] 时，应用程序窗口会变成红色。 ![GNOME 控制台在使用 sudo 或 root 用户时变成红色][5] From c9969dcdab94a5f6544e9eae253794fe67a0afcd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 15 May 2022 12:30:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 022/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220514=20How=20To=20Install=20Multimedia=20Codecs=20?= =?UTF-8?q?In=20Fedora=20Linux.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...stall Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md | 112 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 112 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3ba10f9f27 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +[#]: subject: "How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/how-to-install-multimedia-codecs-in-fedora-linux/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux +====== +One of the first thing to do after a fresh Fedora installation is to install multimedia codecs to play audio and video. In this brief tutorial, we will see how to install multimedia codecs in Fedora 36 workstation from RPM Fusion software repository. + +### Introduction + +Many multimedia codecs are either closed source or nonfree, so they are not included in the default repositories of Fedora Linux due to legal reasons. + +Fortunately, some third party repositories provides the restricted and nonfree multimedia codecs, packages and libraries. One of the popular community-driven, third party repository is **RPM Fusion**. + +If you want to play most audio or video formats in your Fedora desktop, you should install the necessary multimedia codecs from RPM Fusion as outlined below. + +### Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux + +Make sure you have installed RPM Fusion repository in your Fedora machine. If you haven't added it yet, refer the following link to enable RPM Fusion repository in Fedora: + +* [How To Enable RPM Fusion Repository In Fedora, RHEL][1] + +After enabling RPM Fusion, run the following commands one by one to install multimedia codecs in your Fedora system: + +``` +$ sudo dnf install gstreamer1-plugins-{bad-\*,good-\*,base} gstreamer1-plugin-openh264 gstreamer1-libav --exclude=gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free-devel +``` + +If the above command doesn't work, try the following command instead: + +``` +$ sudo dnf install gstreamer1-plugins-{bad-*,good-*,base} gstreamer1-plugin-openh264 gstreamer1-libav --exclude=gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free-devel +``` + +``` +$ sudo dnf install lame* --exclude=lame-devel +``` + +``` +$ sudo dnf group upgrade --with-optional Multimedia +``` + +These three commands installs pretty much everything to play all audio and video formats in your Fedora system. + +#### Install Multimedia Players + +Some popular media players such as VLC, Celluloid, SMplayer and Plex-media-palyer etc., will give all necessary codecs. You don't have install all of them. Any one or two are sufficient. The commands to install these players are given below: + +``` +$ sudo dnf install vlc +``` + +VLC comes pre-installed in many Linux distributions and it is a standard media player to play all kind of media files. + +SMplayer is the front-end for Mplayer and it is considered as best alternative to VLC. + +``` +$ sudo dnf install smplayer +``` + +If you want more robust multimedia experience, install Plex media player. + +``` +$ sudo dnf install plex-media-player +``` + +This will not only provide you h264, h265, vp8 and vp9 codecs(all with hardware support), it will also enable av1 (aka av01) a more efficient codec. You can test if your browser supports this codec using the [AV1 Beta Launch Playlist][2]. + +Some of these players are available as **flatpak** applications as well. You can install them if you preferred flatpak over the traditional package manager. Most Linux distributions supports flatpak out of the box now. + +To install VLC flatpak version, run: + +``` +$ flatpak install vlc +``` + +#### Optional - Install FFmpeg + +**FFmpeg** is a powerful multimedia framework that can be used to encode, decode, transcode, mux, demux, record, stream, filter, and play any type of media files. You can get necessary codecs by installing FFmpeg suite on your system. + +* [How To Install FFmpeg In Linux][3] + +Hope this helps. + +**Related read:** + +* [Enable H264 On Chromium And Firefox In Fedora Silverblue][4] +* [How To Install Multimedia Codecs In OpenSUSE][5] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-install-multimedia-codecs-in-fedora-linux/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-enable-rpm-fusion-repository-in-fedora-rhel/ +[2]: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyqf6gJt7KuHBmeVzZteZUlNUQAVLwrZS +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/install-ffmpeg-linux/ +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/enable-h264-on-chromium-and-firefox-in-fedora-silverblue/ +[5]: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-install-multimedia-codecs-in-opensuse/ From 97dabb7acd7a390706ca4651f0c3d316e8c57c59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 15 May 2022 12:32:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 023/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220514=20How=20To=20Enable=20Minimize=20And=20Maximi?= =?UTF-8?q?ze=20Buttons=20In=20Fedora=2036=20Workstation.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md | 109 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 109 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md b/sources/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6dc742f629 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +[#]: subject: "How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/how-to-enable-minimize-and-maximize-buttons-in-fedora/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation +====== +Today, we will see one of the post installation steps in Fedora desktop. This brief guide explains how to enable minimize and maximize buttons in application windows in Fedora GNOME Workstation and Silverblue editions. + +### Introduction + +As you may already know, there is no minimize and maximize buttons in Application windows in Fedora Silverblue as well as Fedora GNOME Workstation editions. + +If you want to minimize an application window, you need to right click on its title bar and choose the minimize option from the context menu. + +Unfortunately, you don't even get that option in Firefox with your mouse. To minimize Firefox window, you should hit the **Left ALT+SPACEBAR** keys and choose Minimize option. + +I don't know what is the benefit of hiding most frequently used buttons. Ubuntu GNOME desktop has the min/max buttons, but Fedora hasn't. + +If you want to bring back the minimize and maximize buttons in Fedora GNOME and Silverblue editions, you can enable them with the help of **Gnome Tweaks** utility and **Dash to Panel** extension in Fedora. + +### Install Gnome Tweaks in Fedora + +**Gnome Tweaks**, previously known as **Tweak Tool**, is a Graphical interface for advanced GNOME 3 settings. It is primarily designed for GNOME Shell, however it can be used in other desktops as well. You may not have all features if you use Tweaks on a different desktop. It is available in the default repositories of Fedora. So you can install Gnome Tweaks on Fedora using `dnf` package manager like below: + +``` +$ sudo dnf install gnome-tweaks +``` + +If you are on Fedora Silverblue, you need to enter into your toolbox container using command: + +``` +$ toolbox enter +``` + +And then install Tweaks as shown in the previous command. + +### Add Gnome Shell Integration Add-on In Browser + +Make sure you have added **"Gnome Shell Integration"** add-on in your browser. This extension provides integration with GNOME shell and the corresponding extensions repository. + +If you haven't added it yet, go to Plugins sections and search for it and install it. + +![Add Gnome Shell Integration Add-on In Firefox Browser][1] + +A pop up window will appear. Click "Add" to enable the add-on. After adding this extension, you will see the GNOME logo on the browser's tool bar. + +### Enable Dash to panel extension in Fedora + +The **Dash to panel** extension is an icon taskbar for the Gnome Shell. This extension moves the dash into the gnome main panel so that the application launchers and system tray are combined into a single panel, similar to that found in KDE Plasma and Windows 7+ operating systems. + +The Dash to panel extension gives you a permanently visible panel with favorite shortcuts. So a separate dock is no longer needed for easy access to running and favorited applications. + +To enable Dash to panel extension, go to **GNOME extensions** site and search for **"Dash to panel"** extension. + +![Search for Dash to panel extension in Gnome extensions site][2] + +Click the Dash to panel link in the search results. You will be redirected to Dash to panel extension official page. Click on the **ON** button. + +![Enable Dash to panel extension][3] + +In the next window, click Install button to enable Dash to panel extension. + +![Install Dash to panel extension][4] + +One this extension is activated, you will see the Dash panel at the bottom along with your favorite shortcuts. + +### Enable minimize and maximize buttons in Fedora + +Open the **Gnome Tweaks** application. Go to **Windows Tittlebars** and toggle min/max buttons on. + +![Enable minimize and maximize buttons in application windows in Fedora][5] + +As soon as you toggled the min/max buttons on, the minimize and maximize buttons will appear in all applications windows. + +![Minimize, maximize buttons appears in applications windows in Fedora][6] + +By default, the min/max buttons are visible at the right side. You can change its position to left or right. + +The Dash to panel extension has lots of fine tuning and customization options. Right click on the Dash panel and choose Settings option and start customizing it as per your liking. + +**Resource:** + +* [Dash to panel website][7] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-enable-minimize-and-maximize-buttons-in-fedora/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Add-Gnome-Shell-Integration-Add-on-In-Firefox-Browser.png +[2]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Search-for-Dash-to-panel-extension-in-Gnome-extensions-site.png +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Enable-Dash-to-panel-extension.png +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Install-Dash-to-panel-extension.png +[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Enable-Minimize-And-Maximize-Buttons-In-Application-Windows-In-Fedora.png +[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Minimize-maximize-buttons-appears-in-applications-windows-in-Fedora.png +[7]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1160/dash-to-panel/ From e7c9555158bd4a20fed8389a96d61b31c8c84b49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 15 May 2022 14:29:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 024/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020180529=20Build=20a=20concurrent=20TCP=20server=20in?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Go.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md | 152 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 152 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md b/sources/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..75abb66df7 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +[#]: subject: "Build a concurrent TCP server in Go" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/18/5/building-concurrent-tcp-server-go" +[#]: author: "Mihalis Tsoukalos https://opensource.com/users/mtsouk" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Build a concurrent TCP server in Go +====== +Develop a concurrent TCP server that generates random numbers using only about 65 lines of Go code. + +![gopher illustrations][1] +(Image by: Renee French. CC BY 3.0) + +TCP and UDP servers are everywhere serving network clients over TCP/IP networks. In this article, I will explain how to develop a concurrent TCP server, in the [Go programming language][2], that returns random numbers. For each incoming connection from a TCP client, the TCP server will start a new goroutine to handle that request. + +You can find this project, [concTCP.go][3], on GitHub. + +### Handling TCP connections + +The logic of the program can be found in the Go code of the `handleConnection()` function, which is implemented as follows: + +``` +func handleConnection(c net.Conn) { +        fmt.Printf("Serving %s\n", c.RemoteAddr().String()) +        for { +                netData, err := bufio.NewReader(c).ReadString('\n') +                if err != nil { +                        fmt.Println(err) +                        return +                } + +                temp := strings.TrimSpace(string(netData)) +                if temp == "STOP" { +                        break +                } + +                result := strconv.Itoa(random()) + "\n" +                c.Write([]byte(string(result))) +        } +        c.Close() +} +``` + +If the TCP client sends the "STOP" string, then the goroutine that serves that particular TCP client will terminate; otherwise, the TCP server will send a random number back to the TCP client. The `for` loop makes sure that the TCP client will be served for as long as the TCP client desires. The Go code in the `for` loop reads the data from the TCP client, line by line, using `bufio.NewReader(c).ReadString('\n')` and sends back data using `c.Write([]byte(string(result)))`. (You may find the net standard Go package [documentation][4] helpful.) + +### Being concurrent + +The implementation of the `main()` function tells the TCP server to start a new goroutine each time it has to serve a TCP client: + +``` +func main() { +        arguments := os.Args +        if len(arguments) == 1 { +                fmt.Println("Please provide a port number!") +                return +        } + +        PORT := ":" + arguments[1] +        l, err := net.Listen("tcp4", PORT) +        if err != nil { +                fmt.Println(err) +                return +        } +        defer l.Close() +        rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix()) + +        for { +                c, err := l.Accept() +                if err != nil { +                        fmt.Println(err) +                        return +                } +                go handleConnection(c) +        } +} +``` + +First, `main()` makes sure that the program has at least one command line argument. Notice that the existing code does not check whether the given command line argument is a valid TCP port number or not. However, if the given value is not a valid TCP port number, the call to `net.Listen()` will fail with an error message similar to the following: + +``` +$ go run concTCP.go 12a +listen tcp4: lookup tcp4/12a: nodename nor servname provided, or not known +$ go run concTCP.go -10 +listen tcp4: address -10: invalid port +``` + +The `net.Listen()` call is used for telling a Go program to accept network connections and thus act as a server. The return value of `net.Listen()` is of the `net.Conn` type, which implements the `io.Reader` and `io.Writer` interfaces. The `main()` function also calls the `rand.Seed()` function in order to initialize the random number generator. Finally, the `for` loop allows the program to keep accepting new TCP clients using `Accept()` that will be handled by instances of the `handleConnection()` function, which are executed as goroutines. + +### The first parameter of net.Listen() + +The first parameter of the `net.Listen()` function defines the type of network that will be used, while the second parameter defines the server address as well as the port number the server will listen to. Valid values for the first parameter are tcp, tcp4 (IPv4-only), tcp6 (IPv6-only), udp, udp4 (IPv4- only), udp6 (IPv6-only), ip, ip4 (IPv4-only), ip6 (IPv6-only), Unix (Unix sockets), Unixgram, and Unixpacket. + +### The concurrent TCP server in action + +concTCP.go requires a single command line argument, which is the port number that it will listen to. The output you will get from concTCP.go when serving TCP clients will be similar to the following: + +``` +$ go run concTCP.go 8001 +Serving 127.0.0.1:62554 +Serving 127.0.0.1:62556 +``` + +The output of the `netstat(1)` can verify that concTCP.go serves multiple TCP clients while listening for more connections: + +``` +$ netstat -anp TCP | grep 8001 +tcp4       0      0  127.0.0.1.8001         127.0.0.1.62556        ESTABLISHED +tcp4       0      0  127.0.0.1.62556        127.0.0.1.8001         ESTABLISHED +tcp4       0      0  127.0.0.1.8001         127.0.0.1.62554        ESTABLISHED +tcp4       0      0  127.0.0.1.62554        127.0.0.1.8001         ESTABLISHED +tcp4       0      0  *.8001                 *.*                    LISTEN +``` + +The last line of the output of the preceding command informs us that there is a process that listens to port 8001, which means that you can still connect to TCP port 8001. The first two lines verify that there is an established TCP network connection that uses port numbers 8001 and 62556. Similarly, the third and fourth lines verify that there is another established TCP connection that uses port numbers 8001 and 62554. + +This image shows the output of concTCP.go when serving multiple TCP clients: + +![The concTCP.go TCP server in action][5] + +Analogously, the following image shows the output from two TCP clients that are implemented using the `nc(1)` utility: + +![Using the nc(1) utility as the TCP client to concTCP.go][6] + +You can find more information about `nc(1)`, which is also called `netcat(1)`, [on Wikipedia][7]. + +### Summary + +So, you have just learned how to develop a concurrent TCP server that generates random numbers using about 65 lines of Go code, which is pretty impressive! If you want your TCP server to perform a different job, just change the implementation of the `handleConnection()` function. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/building-concurrent-tcp-server-go + +作者：[Mihalis Tsoukalos][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/mtsouk +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/go-golang.png +[2]: https://golang.org/ +[3]: https://github.com/mactsouk/opensource.com +[4]: https://golang.org/pkg/net/ +[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tcp-in-go_server.png +[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tcp-in-go_client.png +[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat From 571500d3f5d752dfad611abf50fe742f48d26674 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 15 May 2022 14:32:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 025/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020180529=20Build=20a=20concurrent=20TCP=20server=20in?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Go.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md b/sources/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md index 75abb66df7..a3b46f2ca0 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md +++ b/sources/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/18/5/building-concurrent-tcp-server-go" [#]: author: "Mihalis Tsoukalos https://opensource.com/users/mtsouk" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "lkxed" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From adaa67d8a935907fa0915057a44f702b9ff8c26d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: unigeorge <40418272+unigeorge@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 15 May 2022 15:03:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 026/333] translated --- ...for your open source analytics database.md | 85 ------------------- ...for your open source analytics database.md | 85 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md b/sources/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7a3f09fa67..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/4/apache-druid-open-source-analytics" -[#]: author: "David Wang https://opensource.com/users/davidwang" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "unigeorge" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database -====== -Your external analytics applications are critical for your users. It's important to build the right data architecture. - -![metrics and data shown on a computer screen][1] - -(Image by: Opensource.com) - -Analytics isn't just for internal stakeholders anymore. If you're building an analytics application for customers, you're probably wondering what the right database backend is for you. - -Your natural instinct might be to use what you know, like PostgreSQL or [MySQL][2]. You might even think to extend a data warehouse beyond its core BI dashboards and reports. Analytics for external users is an important feature, though, so you need the right tool for the job. - -The key to answering this comes down to user experience. Here are some key technical considerations for users of your external analytics apps. - -### Avoid delays with Apache Druid - -The waiting game of processing queries in a queue can be annoying. The root cause of delays comes down to the amount of data you're analyzing, the processing power of the database, and the number of users and API calls, along with the ability for the database to keep up with the application. - -There are a few ways to build an interactive data experience with any generic Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) database when there's a lot of data, but they come at a cost. Pre-computing queries makes architecture very expensive and rigid. Aggregating the data first can minimize insight. Limiting the data analyzed to only recent events doesn't give your users the complete picture. - -The "no compromise" answer is an optimized architecture and data format built for interactivity at scale, which is precisely what [Apache Druid][3], a real-time database designed to power modern analytics applications, provides. - -* First, Druid has a unique distributed and elastic architecture that pre-fetches data from a shared data layer into a near-infinite cluster of data servers. This architecture enables faster performance than a decoupled query engine like a cloud data warehouse because there's no data to move and more scalability than a scale-up database like PostgreSQL and MySQL. - -* Second, Druid employs automatic (sometimes called "automagic") multi-level indexing built right into the data format to drive more queries per core. This is beyond the typical OLAP columnar format with the addition of a global index, data dictionary, and bitmap index. This maximizes CPU cycles for faster crunching. - -### High Availability can't be a "nice to have" - -If you and your dev team build a backend for internal reporting, does it really matter if it goes down for a few minutes or even longer? Not really. That's why there's always been tolerance for unplanned downtime and maintenance windows in classical OLAP databases and data warehouses. - -But now your team is building an external analytics application for customers. They notice outages, and it can impact customer satisfaction, revenue, and definitely your weekend. It's why resiliency, both high availability and data durability, needs to be a top consideration in the database for external analytics applications. - -Rethinking resiliency requires thinking about the design criteria. Can you protect from a node or a cluster-wide failure? How bad would it be to lose data, and what work is involved to protect your app and your data? - -Servers fail. The default way to build resiliency is to replicate nodes and remember to [make backups][4]. But if you're building apps for customers, the sensitivity to data loss is much higher. The *occasional* backup is just not going to cut it. - -The easiest answer is built right into Apache Druid's core architecture. Designed to withstand anything without losing data (even recent events), Apache Druid features a capable and simple approach to resiliency. - -Druid implements High Availability (HA) and durability based on automatic, multi-level replication with shared data in object storage. It enables the HA properties you expect, and what you can think of as continuous backup to automatically protect and restore the latest state of the database even if you lose your entire cluster. - -### More users should be a good thing - -The best applications have the most active users and engaging experience, and for those reasons architecting your back end for high concurrency is important. The last thing you want are frustrated customers because applications are getting hung up. Architecting for internal reporting is different because the concurrent user count is much smaller and finite. The reality is that the database you use for internal reporting probably just isn't the right fit for highly-concurrent applications. - -Architecting a database for high concurrency comes down to striking the right balance between CPU usage, scalability, and cost. The default answer for addressing concurrency is to throw more hardware at it. Logic says that if you increase the number of CPUs, you'll be able to run more queries. While true, this can also be a costly approach. - -A better approach is to look at a database like Apache Druid with an optimized storage and query engine that drives down CPU usage. The operative word is "optimized." A database shouldn't read data that it doesn't have to. Use something that lets your infrastructure serve more queries in the same time span. - -Saving money is a big reason why developers turn to Apache Druid for their external analytics applications. Apache Druid has a highly optimized data format that uses a combination of multi-level indexing, borrowed from the search engine world, along with data reduction algorithms to minimize the amount of processing required. - -The net result is that Apache Druid delivers far more efficient processing than anything else out there. It can support from tens to thousands of queries per second at Terabyte or even Petabyte scale. - -### Build what you need today but future-proof it - -Your external analytics applications are critical for your users. It's important to build the right data architecture. - -The last thing you want is to start with the wrong database, and then deal with the headaches as you scale. Thankfully, Apache Druid can start small and easily scale to support any app imaginable. Apache Druid has [excellent documentation][5], and of course it's open source, so you can try it and get up to speed quickly. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/apache-druid-open-source-analytics - -作者：[David Wang][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[unigeorge](https://github.com/unigeorge) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/davidwang -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/metrics_data_dashboard_system_computer_analytics.png -[2]: https://opensource.com/downloads/mariadb-mysql-cheat-sheet -[3]: https://druid.apache.org/ -[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/3/backup-solutions -[5]: https://druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md b/translated/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..88b7223673 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +[#]: subject: "Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/4/apache-druid-open-source-analytics" +[#]: author: "David Wang https://opensource.com/users/davidwang" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "unigeorge" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +开源分析数据库 Apache Druid 的推荐理由 +====== +对用户而言，优秀的对外数据分析工具不可多得，因此选择合适的数据架构就显得尤为重要。 + +![metrics and data shown on a computer screen][1] + +(Image by: Opensource.com) + +现如今，数据分析不再是仅面向内部开发人员。当为业务方构建数据分析系统时，你需要确认哪种数据库后端是最合适的。 + +程序员的本能可能是“选用自己了解的数据库（例如 PostgreSQL 或 [MySQL][2]）”。诚然，数据仓库可能会扩展到其核心 BI 仪表板和报告之外的功能，不过对业务方的数据分析支持仍是其重要功能之一，因此要选择合适的工具来保证此功能的性能。 + +问题的关键点在于用户体验，以下是对外支持数据分析工作的一些关键技术讨论点（以 Apache Druid 为例）。 + +### 低延迟特性 + +一直在队列中等待查询会让人很恼火。与延迟有关的因素包括数据量、数据库的处理能力、用户和 API 调用的数量，以及数据库支持查询应用的能力。 + +当数据量比较大时，有一些方法可以基于任意在线分析处理 (OLAP) 数据库构建交互式数据体验，但或多或少都有一些其他方面的牺牲。预计算查询会对性能要求较高，还会使架构变得僵化。预聚合处理会使数据粒度变大。将数据时间限制在近期的处理方式，会使得数据完整性得不到保证。 + +“不妥协”的解决方案是选择专为大规模交互而构建的优化架构和数据格式，[Apache Druid][3] 正是这样一个旨在支持现代分析程序的实时数据库。 + +* 首先，Druid 具备特有的分布式弹性架构，可将数据从共享数据层预取到近乎无限容量的数据服务器集群中。这种架构与诸如云数据仓库这样的解耦查询引擎相比，具有更快的性能，因为它不需要移动数据，并且比像 PostgreSQL 和 MySQL 这样的纵向扩展数据库具有更高的可扩展性。 + +* 其次，Druid 采用内置于数据格式中的自动多级索引来驱动每个内核去支持更多查询操作。在常规 OLAP 列格式基础之上，还增加了全局索引、数据字典和位图索引，这可以最大化利用 CPU 周期，加快处理速度。 + +### 高可用性 + +如果开发团队为内部报告搭建了一个后端，那么中断几分钟甚至更长时间真的很严重吗？实际上并不是的。所以在典型 OLAP 数据库和数据仓库中，计划外的停机和维护是可以允许的。 + +但是如果你们团队构建了一个对外的供客户使用的分析应用程序，如果发生数据中断，会严重影响客户满意度、收入，当然还有你的周末休息时间。这就是为什么弹性（高可用性和数据持久性）需要成为对外分析应用程序数据库中的首要考虑因素。 + +考虑弹性就需要考虑设计标准。节点或集群范围的故障能完全避免吗？丢失数据的后果有多严重？保障应用程序和数据需要涉及哪些工作？ + +关于服务器故障，保证弹性的常规方法是多节点服务以及[备份机制][4]。但如果你是为客户构建应用程序，则对数据丢失的敏感性要高得多。*间断性*备份并不能完全解决这一问题。 + +Apache Druid 的核心架构内置了该问题的解决方案，本质是一种强大而简单的弹性方法，旨在保证承受任何变故都不会丢失数据（即使是刚刚发生的事件）。 + +Druid 基于对象存储中共享数据的自动、多级复制实现高可用性 (HA) 和持久性。它实现了用户期望的 HA 特性以及持续备份机制，即使整个集群出现问题，也可以自动保护和恢复数据库的最新状态。 + +### 多用户 + +一个好的应用应该同时兼备大用户量和“引人入胜”的体验，因此为高并发构建后端非常重要。你肯定不想看到因为应用挂掉而让客户沮丧。内部报告的架构不必考虑这点，因为并发用户数量要小得多且有限。所以现实是，用于内部报告的数据库可能并不适合高并发应用程序。 + +为高并发构建数据库主要在于取得 CPU 使用率、可伸缩性和成本之间的平衡点。解决并发问题的通常做法是投入更多硬件成本。逻辑上说，只要增加 CPU 的数量，就能够同时进行更多的查询操作。虽然事实确实如此，但成本的增加是不可忽视的。 + +更好的方法还是使用像 Apache Druid 这样的数据库，它具有优化的存储和查询引擎，可以降低 CPU 使用率。我们强调的关键词是“优化”。数据库不应该读取它不需要的数据。Apache Druid 可以让基础设施在同一时间跨度内为更多查询操作提供服务。 + +节省成本是开发人员使用 Apache Druid 构建外部分析应用程序的一个重要原因。Apache Druid 具有高度优化的数据格式，结合了从搜索引擎世界借鉴来的多级索引以及数据缩减算法，可以最大限度地减少所需的处理量。 + +最终表现就是 Apache Druid 提供了其他数据库不可比拟的处理效率。它可以支持每秒数十到数千跨度的 TB 甚至 PB 级别的查询。 + +### 着眼当下，预见未来 + +分析应用程序对于用户而言至关重要，所以要构建正确的数据架构。 + +你肯定不想一开始就选择了一个错误的数据库，然后在后续扩展时面对诸多令人头疼的问题。幸运的是，Apache Druid 可以从小规模开始，并在之后轻松扩展以支持任何可以想象的应用程序。Apache Druid 有[优秀的官方文档][5]，当然它是开源的，所以不妨尝试一下并，快速上手吧。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/apache-druid-open-source-analytics + +作者：[David Wang][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[unigeorge](https://github.com/unigeorge) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/davidwang +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/metrics_data_dashboard_system_computer_analytics.png +[2]: https://opensource.com/downloads/mariadb-mysql-cheat-sheet +[3]: https://druid.apache.org/ +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/3/backup-solutions +[5]: https://druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design/ From b89bdadf712d3105e33a26906ca9834683af05a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 15 May 2022 15:09:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 027/333] RP @aREversez https://linux.cn/article-14596-1.html --- ...ransparency for open source communities.md | 39 +++++++------------ 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) rename {translated/talk => published}/20220212 5 levels of transparency for open source communities.md (79%) diff --git a/translated/talk/20220212 5 levels of transparency for open source communities.md b/published/20220212 5 levels of transparency for open source communities.md similarity index 79% rename from translated/talk/20220212 5 levels of transparency for open source communities.md rename to published/20220212 5 levels of transparency for open source communities.md index 8b5433f4b5..3525fa220b 100644 --- a/translated/talk/20220212 5 levels of transparency for open source communities.md +++ b/published/20220212 5 levels of transparency for open source communities.md @@ -3,15 +3,16 @@ [#]: author: "Emilio Galeano Gryciuk https://opensource.com/users/egaleano" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "aREversez" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14596-1.html" 开源社区透明度的五个层次 ====== -如果想让开源社区繁荣发展，管理者需要达到透明度的五个层次。 -![Person in a field of dandelions][1] +> 如果想让开源社区繁荣发展，管理者需要达到透明度的五个层次。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202205/15/150842yrvm9v5qbbd7a355.jpg) 开源社区的管理者必须意识到社区有五个层次的透明度，这对于建设繁荣发展的开源社区来说至关重要。 @@ -25,33 +26,27 @@ * 社区管理者需要向参与者报告社区情况。 * 向成员公开社区各项情况，营造信任氛围，有利于社区健康发展。 - - ### 透明度的五个层次 #### 层次一：发布源码 -在这一层次，社区需要遵循 [开放源码协议][2]，在 [Git][3] 等公开的版本控制系统上发布源码。 +在这一层次，社区需要遵循 [OSI 认可的许可证][2]，在 [Git][3] 等公开的版本控制系统上发布源码。 层次一的目标在于创建开源项目。 * 建立开源社区，理应达到这一层次。因为没有公开源代码，也就无所谓开源项目。 - * 开源项目的核心便是参与者们编写的源码，而源码需要获得开放源码协议批准的许可证。 + * 开源项目的核心便是参与者们编写的源码，并在 OSI 批准的许可证下授权。 * 公开的版本控制系统能够促进合作，使得每一位开发者都能了解项目情况，理解合作模式。 - - #### 层次二：发布社区指南 -达到这一层次，需要发布相关文档以及资源。也可通过组织活动，指导社区成员。 +达到这一层次，需要发布相关文档以及资源。也可通过组织活动来指导社区成员。 -层次二的目标在于建立开源社区，促进社区发展。 +层次二的目标在于为一个开源项目建立和发展一个开源社区。 * 建立一个活跃的社区需要的不仅仅是源代码。 * 公开项目开展方式和贡献方式，能够吸引更多的开发者参与到项目当中。 - * 为了推动社区的发展，管理者可能需要举办一些重要活动，并为贡献者们筹办特殊活动。 - - + * 为了推动社区的发展，管理者可能需要举办一些重要活动，并为贡献者们筹办一些特殊的活动。 #### 层次三：继往开来 @@ -63,8 +58,6 @@ * 公开社区活动，让成员意识到自己的付出能够为公众所见，为公众所识。 * 在这一层次，无论是报告还是分析，发布的时间并不固定，使用的工具也无定法。 - - #### 层次四：掌握社区的动态 这一层次就在于倾听社区声音：通过观察社区活动，关注项目发展；跟进软件开发进度，据此采取合适的应对措施。 @@ -72,11 +65,9 @@ 层次四的目标在于保持科学严谨的态度，持续把握社区的发展情况及发展轨迹，引导社区朝着下一个层次迈进。 * 建立报告机制，运用分析工具，掌握社区动态。 - * 将社区的各项活动与社区成员的反响视作一种基准，用以比较社区内的其他活动。（译者注：由于译者能力有限，对原文本句所要表达内容的理解可能有误，故将原文附上以供参考：You can compare events in the community and the subsequent reactions of community members to a baseline and other events in the community.） + * 将社区的各项活动与社区成员的反响与基线和社区内的其他活动进行比较。 * 坚持倾听社区声音，形成对于社区更深刻的见解。 - - #### 层次五：维护社区，长久发展 最后一个层次就是依据社区各项指标，提高社区成员的参与度。 @@ -87,9 +78,7 @@ * 跟进这些变动，理解它们是如何通过各项指标和数据分析体现出来的。 * 针对社区维护者与开发者，制定服务等级协议和问责制度，为其设立参与度目标，确保项目整体顺利进行。 - - -### 结尾 +### 总结 开源社区管理者需要做到上述五个层次，保证透明度，才能构建起一个繁荣发展的社区。 @@ -100,7 +89,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/transparency-open-source-communities 作者：[Emilio Galeano Gryciuk][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[aREversez](https://github.com/aREversez) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 67ea4043a7f42471604e39bfa0faab0d22eaf0fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 15 May 2022 18:20:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 028/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020180529=20Build=20a=20concurrent=20TCP=20server=20in?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Go.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md | 152 ----------------- ...529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md | 153 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 153 insertions(+), 152 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md b/sources/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md deleted file mode 100644 index a3b46f2ca0..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,152 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Build a concurrent TCP server in Go" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/18/5/building-concurrent-tcp-server-go" -[#]: author: "Mihalis Tsoukalos https://opensource.com/users/mtsouk" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Build a concurrent TCP server in Go -====== -Develop a concurrent TCP server that generates random numbers using only about 65 lines of Go code. - -![gopher illustrations][1] -(Image by: Renee French. CC BY 3.0) - -TCP and UDP servers are everywhere serving network clients over TCP/IP networks. In this article, I will explain how to develop a concurrent TCP server, in the [Go programming language][2], that returns random numbers. For each incoming connection from a TCP client, the TCP server will start a new goroutine to handle that request. - -You can find this project, [concTCP.go][3], on GitHub. - -### Handling TCP connections - -The logic of the program can be found in the Go code of the `handleConnection()` function, which is implemented as follows: - -``` -func handleConnection(c net.Conn) { -        fmt.Printf("Serving %s\n", c.RemoteAddr().String()) -        for { -                netData, err := bufio.NewReader(c).ReadString('\n') -                if err != nil { -                        fmt.Println(err) -                        return -                } - -                temp := strings.TrimSpace(string(netData)) -                if temp == "STOP" { -                        break -                } - -                result := strconv.Itoa(random()) + "\n" -                c.Write([]byte(string(result))) -        } -        c.Close() -} -``` - -If the TCP client sends the "STOP" string, then the goroutine that serves that particular TCP client will terminate; otherwise, the TCP server will send a random number back to the TCP client. The `for` loop makes sure that the TCP client will be served for as long as the TCP client desires. The Go code in the `for` loop reads the data from the TCP client, line by line, using `bufio.NewReader(c).ReadString('\n')` and sends back data using `c.Write([]byte(string(result)))`. (You may find the net standard Go package [documentation][4] helpful.) - -### Being concurrent - -The implementation of the `main()` function tells the TCP server to start a new goroutine each time it has to serve a TCP client: - -``` -func main() { -        arguments := os.Args -        if len(arguments) == 1 { -                fmt.Println("Please provide a port number!") -                return -        } - -        PORT := ":" + arguments[1] -        l, err := net.Listen("tcp4", PORT) -        if err != nil { -                fmt.Println(err) -                return -        } -        defer l.Close() -        rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix()) - -        for { -                c, err := l.Accept() -                if err != nil { -                        fmt.Println(err) -                        return -                } -                go handleConnection(c) -        } -} -``` - -First, `main()` makes sure that the program has at least one command line argument. Notice that the existing code does not check whether the given command line argument is a valid TCP port number or not. However, if the given value is not a valid TCP port number, the call to `net.Listen()` will fail with an error message similar to the following: - -``` -$ go run concTCP.go 12a -listen tcp4: lookup tcp4/12a: nodename nor servname provided, or not known -$ go run concTCP.go -10 -listen tcp4: address -10: invalid port -``` - -The `net.Listen()` call is used for telling a Go program to accept network connections and thus act as a server. The return value of `net.Listen()` is of the `net.Conn` type, which implements the `io.Reader` and `io.Writer` interfaces. The `main()` function also calls the `rand.Seed()` function in order to initialize the random number generator. Finally, the `for` loop allows the program to keep accepting new TCP clients using `Accept()` that will be handled by instances of the `handleConnection()` function, which are executed as goroutines. - -### The first parameter of net.Listen() - -The first parameter of the `net.Listen()` function defines the type of network that will be used, while the second parameter defines the server address as well as the port number the server will listen to. Valid values for the first parameter are tcp, tcp4 (IPv4-only), tcp6 (IPv6-only), udp, udp4 (IPv4- only), udp6 (IPv6-only), ip, ip4 (IPv4-only), ip6 (IPv6-only), Unix (Unix sockets), Unixgram, and Unixpacket. - -### The concurrent TCP server in action - -concTCP.go requires a single command line argument, which is the port number that it will listen to. The output you will get from concTCP.go when serving TCP clients will be similar to the following: - -``` -$ go run concTCP.go 8001 -Serving 127.0.0.1:62554 -Serving 127.0.0.1:62556 -``` - -The output of the `netstat(1)` can verify that concTCP.go serves multiple TCP clients while listening for more connections: - -``` -$ netstat -anp TCP | grep 8001 -tcp4       0      0  127.0.0.1.8001         127.0.0.1.62556        ESTABLISHED -tcp4       0      0  127.0.0.1.62556        127.0.0.1.8001         ESTABLISHED -tcp4       0      0  127.0.0.1.8001         127.0.0.1.62554        ESTABLISHED -tcp4       0      0  127.0.0.1.62554        127.0.0.1.8001         ESTABLISHED -tcp4       0      0  *.8001                 *.*                    LISTEN -``` - -The last line of the output of the preceding command informs us that there is a process that listens to port 8001, which means that you can still connect to TCP port 8001. The first two lines verify that there is an established TCP network connection that uses port numbers 8001 and 62556. Similarly, the third and fourth lines verify that there is another established TCP connection that uses port numbers 8001 and 62554. - -This image shows the output of concTCP.go when serving multiple TCP clients: - -![The concTCP.go TCP server in action][5] - -Analogously, the following image shows the output from two TCP clients that are implemented using the `nc(1)` utility: - -![Using the nc(1) utility as the TCP client to concTCP.go][6] - -You can find more information about `nc(1)`, which is also called `netcat(1)`, [on Wikipedia][7]. - -### Summary - -So, you have just learned how to develop a concurrent TCP server that generates random numbers using about 65 lines of Go code, which is pretty impressive! If you want your TCP server to perform a different job, just change the implementation of the `handleConnection()` function. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/building-concurrent-tcp-server-go - -作者：[Mihalis Tsoukalos][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/mtsouk -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/go-golang.png -[2]: https://golang.org/ -[3]: https://github.com/mactsouk/opensource.com -[4]: https://golang.org/pkg/net/ -[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tcp-in-go_server.png -[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tcp-in-go_client.png -[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat diff --git a/translated/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md b/translated/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3ef27e4fe6 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20180529 Build a concurrent TCP server in Go.md @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +[#]: subject: "Build a concurrent TCP server in Go" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/18/5/building-concurrent-tcp-server-go" +[#]: author: "Mihalis Tsoukalos https://opensource.com/users/mtsouk" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +在 Go 中实现一个支持并发的 TCP 服务端 +====== +仅用大约 65 行代码，开发一个用于生成随机数、支持并发的 TCP 服务端。 + +![土拨鼠插图][1] +（图源：Renee French, CC BY 3.0） + +TCP 和 UDP 服务端随处可见，它们基于 TCP/IP 协议栈，通过网络为客户端提供服务。在这篇文章中，我将介绍如何使用 [Go 语言][2] 开发一个用于返回随机数、支持并发的 TCP 服务端。对于每一个来自 TCP 客户端的连接，它都会启动一个新的 goroutine（轻量级线程）来处理相应的请求。 + +你可以在 GitHub 上找到本项目的源码：[concTcp.go][3]。 + +### 处理 TCP 连接 + +这个程序的主要逻辑在 `handleConnection()` 函数中，具体实现如下： + +```go +func handleConnection(c net.Conn) { +        fmt.Printf("Serving %s\n", c.RemoteAddr().String()) +        for { +                netData, err := bufio.NewReader(c).ReadString('\n') +                if err != nil { +                        fmt.Println(err) +                        return +                } + +                temp := strings.TrimSpace(string(netData)) +                if temp == "STOP" { +                        break +                } + +                result := strconv.Itoa(random()) + "\n" +                c.Write([]byte(string(result))) +        } +        c.Close() +} +``` + +如果 TCP 客户端发送了一个“STOP”字符串，为它提供服务的 goroutine 就会终止；否则，TCP 服务端就会返回一个随机数给它。只要客户端不主动终止，服务端就会一直提供服务，这是由 `for` 循环保证的。具体来说，`for` 循环中的代码使用了 `bufio.NewReader(c).ReadString('\n')` 来逐行读取客户端发来的数据，并使用 `c.Write([]byte(string(result)))` 来返回数据（生成的随机数）。你可以在 Go 的 net 标准包 [文档][4] 中了解更多。 + + +### 支持并发 + +在 `main()` 函数的实现部分，每当 TCP 服务端收到 TCP 客户端的连接请求，它都会启动一个新的 goroutine 来为这个请求提供服务。 + +```go +func main() { +        arguments := os.Args +        if len(arguments) == 1 { +                fmt.Println("Please provide a port number!") +                return +        } + +        PORT := ":" + arguments[1] +        l, err := net.Listen("tcp4", PORT) +        if err != nil { +                fmt.Println(err) +                return +        } +        defer l.Close() +        rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix()) + +        for { +                c, err := l.Accept() +                if err != nil { +                        fmt.Println(err) +                        return +                } +                go handleConnection(c) +        } +} +``` + +首先，`main()` 确保程序至少有一个命令行参数。注意，现有代码并没有检查这个参数是否为有效的 TCP 端口号。不过，如果它是一个无效的 TCP 端口号，`net.Listen()` 就会调用失败，并返回一个错误信息，类似下面这样： + +``` +$ go run concTCP.go 12a +listen tcp4: lookup tcp4/12a: nodename nor servname provided, or not known +$ go run concTCP.go -10 +listen tcp4: address -10: invalid port +``` + +`net.Listen()` 函数用于告诉 Go 接受网络连接，因而承担了服务端的角色。它的返回值类型是 `net.Conn`，后者实现了 `io.Reader` 和 `io.Writer` 接口。此外，`main()` 函数中还调用了 `rand.Seed()` 函数，用于初始化随机数生成器。最后，`for` 循环允许程序一直使用 `Accept()` 函数来接受 TCP 客户端的连接请求，并以 goroutine 的方式来运行 `handleConnection(c)` 函数，处理客户端的后续请求。 + +### net.Listen() 的第一个参数 + +`net.Listen()` 函数的第一个参数定义了使用的网络类型，而第二个参数定义了服务端监听的地址和端口号。第一个参数的有效值为 `tcp`、`tcp4`、`tcp6`、`udp`、`udp4`、`udp6`、`ip`、`ip4`、`ip6`、`Unix`（Unix 套接字）、`Unixgram` 和 `Unixpacket`，其中：`tcp4`、`udp4` 和 `ip4` 只接受 IPv4 地址，而 `tcp6`、`udp6` 和 `ip6` 只接受 IPv6 地址。 + +### 服务端并发测试 + +`concTCP.go` 需要一个命令行参数，来指定监听的端口号。当它开始服务 TCP 客户端时，你会得到类似下面的输出： + +``` +$ go run concTCP.go 8001 +Serving 127.0.0.1:62554 +Serving 127.0.0.1:62556 +``` + +`netstat` 的输出可以确认 `congTCP.go` 正在为多个 TCP 客户端提供服务，并且仍在继续监听建立连接的请求： + +``` +$ netstat -anp TCP | grep 8001 +tcp4       0      0  127.0.0.1.8001         127.0.0.1.62556        ESTABLISHED +tcp4       0      0  127.0.0.1.62556        127.0.0.1.8001         ESTABLISHED +tcp4       0      0  127.0.0.1.8001         127.0.0.1.62554        ESTABLISHED +tcp4       0      0  127.0.0.1.62554        127.0.0.1.8001         ESTABLISHED +tcp4       0      0  *.8001                 *.*                    LISTEN +``` + +在上面输出中，最后一行显示了有一个进程正在监听 8001 端口，这意味着你可以继续连接 TCP 的 8001 端口。第一行和第二行显示了有一个已建立的 TCP 网络连接，它占用了 8001 和 62556 端口。相似地，第三行和第四行显示了有另一个已建立的 TCP 连接，它占用了 8001 和 62554 端口。 + +下面这张图片显示了 `concTCP.go` 在服务多个 TCP 客户端时的输出： + +![concTCP.go TCP 服务端测试][5] + +类似地，下面这张图片显示了两个 TCP 客户端的输出（使用了 `nc` 工具）： + +![是用 nc 工具作为 concTCP.go 的 TCP 客户端][6] + +你可以在 [维基百科][7] 上找到更多关于 `nc`（即 `netcat`）的信息。 + +### 总结 + +现在，你学会了如何用大约 65 行 Go 代码来开发一个生成随机数、支持并发的 TCP 服务端，这真是太棒了！如果你想要让你的 TCP 服务端执行别的任务，只需要修改 `handleConnection()` 函数即可。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/building-concurrent-tcp-server-go + +作者：[Mihalis Tsoukalos][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/mtsouk +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/go-golang.png +[2]: https://golang.org/ +[3]: https://github.com/mactsouk/opensource.com +[4]: https://golang.org/pkg/net/ +[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tcp-in-go_server.png +[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/tcp-in-go_client.png +[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat From d063f3184a6a04e5aca78bb2cbd9407a2c79a15f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 05:02:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 029/333] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020210722=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Top=2010=20Best=20Linux=20Distributions=20in=202022=20For=20Eve?= =?UTF-8?q?ryone?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20210722 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md --- ...inux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md | 235 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 235 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20210722 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20210722 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md b/sources/tech/20210722 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..15d476ac53 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20210722 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ +[#]: subject: "Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone +====== +WE COMPILED A LIST OF THE 10 BEST LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS FOR EVERYONE IN +2022 BASED ON THEIR STABILITY, ATTRACTIVENESS AND TIME REQUIRED TO +CONFIGURE AFTER INSTALLATION. +The Linux Distribution space is heavily fragmented to the point that a new fork is being created almost every day. A very few of them are unique and bring something different to the table. Most of them are just the same Ubuntu or Debian based with a different theme or a wrapper. + +The Linux distro landscape is so dynamic that it changes every month. Some Linux distributions become more stable with ever-changing packages and components, while others become unstable in quality. Hence, it’s challenging to pick and choose the best Linux distribution for your school, work or for just casual browsing, watching movies, etc. Not to mention, many Linux distributions are discontinued every year due to a lack of contributions, cost-overrun and other reasons. + +That said, we compiled the below 10 best Linux distributions in 2022, which is perfect for any user or use case. That includes casual dual-boot users with Windows 10 or 11, students, teachers, developers, creators, etc. Take a look. + +### Best Linux Distributions of 2022 + +#### 1\. Fedora KDE + +The first Linux distribution, which I think is the best on this list, is Fedora Linux KDE Edition. The primary reason is that the Fedora Linux is very stable with the latest tech, and KDE Plasma is super fast and perfect for all users. Moreover, this Fedora and KDE Plasma combination doesn’t require further modification or tweaks after installation. Over the last couple of releases and after the latest [Fedora 36][1] release feedback, Fedora Linux with KDE Plasma has become the go-to distribution for every possible use case and workflow. + +In addition, KDE Plasma also brings KDE Applications and goodies, eliminating additional software you need. And with the help of Fedora repo and [RPM Fusion][2], you can blindly trust Fedora Linux with KDE Edition for your daily driver. + +![Fedora KDE Edition][3] + +On a side note, you can also consider the [Fedora Linux workstation][4] edition with GNOME if you prefer a GNOME-styled desktop. In addition, you might consider other [Fedora Spins][5] or [Fedora Labs][6] if you like a different desktop flavour. + +You can download Fedora KDE Edition here. Other downloads with [torrent details][7] are present here. + +[Download Fedora][8] + +#### 2\. KDE Neon + +The second distribution we would like to feature in this list is KDE Neon. The KDE Neon is based on the Ubuntu LTS release at its base. But the KDE Framework and KDE Applications with KDE Plasma desktop are the latest from the team. The primary reason for featuring this is that it is perfect for you if you want a Ubuntu LTS base distribution but want the latest KDE Applications. In fact, you can use it for your daily driver for years to come, provided you keep your system up to date. + +In contrast, the Kubuntu LTS releases are also perfect. But they may not have the latest KDE Framework or applications. + +![KDE Neon][3] + +You can download the KDE Neon at the below link. Make sure to choose the user edition while downloading. + +[Download KDE Neon][9] + +#### 3\. Ubuntu LTS Releases with GNOME + +The Ubuntu LTS releases (with default GNOME Desktop) are the most used Linux Distribution today. It’s the most popular, most downloaded and used by users, enterprises and several real-world needs. + +There is no doubt about the Ubuntu LTS version’s power and stability. It has been time tested. With the vast community support, Ubuntu LTS versions with customised GNOME might be the perfect fit for your needs. + +Most of the third-party applications and games primarily target Ubuntu, and you get a much bigger support base compared to the all distribution in this list. But the recent trends of decisions from Canonical (Ubuntu’s creator), such as forcing users to adopt Snap and other stuff, may raise a concern for you if you are an advanced user. + +But for casual users who want to browse the internet, watch movies, listen to music and do personal work, you can blindly trust Ubuntu LTS versions as your best Linux distribution. + +![Ubuntu LTS with GNOME][3] + +Finally, you can download Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (the current one) using the below link. + +[Download Ubuntu][10] + +#### 4\. Linux Mint Cinnamon + +One of the Linux distributions that “just works” out-of-the-box in “any” type of hardware. The Linux Mint is fourth on this list. The above three distributions (Fedora, Ubuntu LTS) may not work well in older hardware (PC or Laptop) having low memory and older CPU. But Linux Mint is perfect in those use cases with its unique ability to make everyone welcome. + +Furthermore, with Linux Mint, you do not need to install any additional applications after a fresh install. It comes with every possible driver and utility for all use cases. For example, your printer, webcam, and Bluetooth would work in Linux Mint. + +In addition, if you are new to Linux or Windows users who plan to migrate, then it is a perfect distribution to start. Its legacy menu-driven Cinnamon desktop is one of the best open-source desktops today. + +![Linux Mint Cinnamon Edition][3] + +If you ever get confused or have no time to choose which distribution is best for you, choose the Linux Mint Cinnamon edition. With that said, you can download Linux Mint using the below link. + +[Download Linux Mint][11] + +#### 5\. Pop OS + +The Pop OS is developed by American computer manufacturer System76 for their hardware lineup. But it is one of the famous and emerging Linux distributions based on Ubuntu. The Pop OS is primarily known to have perfect for modern hardware (including NVIDIA graphics) and brings some unique features absent in the traditional Ubuntu with GNOME desktop. For example, you get a well-designed COSMIC desktop with Pop OS, built-in tiling feature, well-optimized power controls, and a stunning Pop Shop. The Pop Shop is a software store designed by its maker to give you a well-categorized set of applications for your study, learning, development, gaming, etc. This distribution is also perfect for gaming if you plan to start your Linux journey with gaming in mind. + +In addition, if you want to get a professional-grade Linux distribution with official help and support, you should check out actual System76 hardware with Pop OS. + +![Pop OS][3] + +However, you can download the Pop OS for various hardware for free using the link below. + +[Download Pop OS][12] + +#### 6\. MX Linux + +MX Linux is a well designed Linux distribution primarily targeted at the older hardware with productivity and stability in mind. It’s an emerging Linux distribution that is free from systemd and uses the init system. Based on the Debian Stable branch, it brings Xfce Desktop, KDE Plasma desktop and Fluxbox with its own powerful MX utilities. + +You can use MX Linux for all of your needs. But I would not recommend it for gaming or development work. If you need a stable Linux distribution for your older hardware, free from systemd, you can choose MX Linux. Especially the Fluxbox edition. + +![MX Linux][3] + +You can download MX Linux from its official website below. + +[Download MX Linux][13] + +#### 7\. Endeavour OS + +If you like the concept of “Rolling release”, which gives you all the latest packages and operating system components, then Arch Linux is perhaps the best you can have. However, installing Arch Linux might be tricky for new users, although the recent [archinstall][14] does a pretty job. + +However, EndeavourOS is a perfect Arch Linux based distribution which features Xfce, KDE Plasma and other popular desktops out of the box. Armed with the Calamares installer, it is super easy to install Endeavour OS. + +However, this might not be the best Linux distribution for beginners. But the best one for little advanced users who are familiar already with Linux in general. On the brighter side, you get to say, “btw, I use Arch”. + +![EndeavourOS][3] + +Last but not least, EndeavourOS has excellent community support, and its Telegram channel support is the best in my personal experience. So, if you ever get stuck, help is just a message away. + +Download this excellent and emerging Linux distribution using the link below. + +[Download Endeavour OS][15] + +#### 8\. Zorin OS + +Zorin OS is a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu Linux and is best for those who want nice looks, power, stability, and a productive system. In this Linux distribution, the default desktop is a blend of Xfce and GNOME 3, heavily customised. One of the advantages of Zorin is it comes with ready-made themes. With those themes, you can make Zorin OS look like Windows and macOS with just one click. + +This helps the new users easily migrate to Linux and use Zorin for their day to day work. + +![Zorin OS][3] + +Other than that, Zorin OS maintains three editions – Pro, Lite and Core, which cater to the different user bases. The Pro edition is a paid version with additional themes and tweaks out of the box with a minimal fee. + +You can download Zorin OS from the below link. + +[Download Zorin OS][16] + +#### 9\. Debian with Xfce + +There are many Linux Distribution which is based on Debian. But the only reason I have included vanilla Debian in this list is because of its excellent stability and power. Debian – termed a “Universal Operating System”, is perfect for moderately experienced users of Linux. But if you can set up a daily driver with Debian Stable with Xfce, you can run it for years without reformating or reinstalling for fear of breaking your system. + +Debian package repo contains all possible packages, which give you the ultimate flexibility to set up any custom system you want. + +![Debian with Xfce Desktop][3] + +A perfect Linux distribution if you know how to set up a Debian box with some experience. You can download and install Debian after choosing the proper installer for your system here. Debian comes with an installer for several architectures. You may [read our guide][17] if you are confused about which one to choose and how to install it. + +[Download Debian][18] + +#### 10\. Ubuntu Studio + +The final best Linux distribution we feature in this list is Ubuntu Studio. Ubuntu Studio is an official Ubuntu Linux distribution specially curated for Multimedia production type of work. + +Ubuntu Studio comes with the low-latency mainline Linux Kernel to give additional advantage to multiple operations. In addition, Ubuntu Studio brings its native “Ubuntu Studio Controls”, which provides creators with several options to tweak CPU settings for heavy CPU intensive rendering and processing. + +![Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS Desktop][3] + +Moreover, a massive list of free and open-source audio, graphics, and video applications is pre-loaded into the ISO, saving time if you plan to build a multimedia workstation. + +Ubuntu Studio is powered by the KDE Plasma desktop, the perfect Linux distribution for all creators worldwide. + +You can download Ubuntu Studio from the below link. + +[Download Ubuntu Studio][19] + +### Closing Notes + +I hope this list of “curated and best Linux distributions” helps you pick one for yourself, your friends and co-workers. These are based on their current status (active project), prospects (i.e. it has a well-defined vision for the future) and how easy to set up and out-of-the-box experience. + +Finally, which Linux distribution do you think should be in the top 10 list? Let me know in the comment box below. + +* * * + +We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][20], [Twitter][21], [YouTube][22], and [Facebook][23] and never miss an update! + +#### Share this: + + * [Twitter][24] + + * [Facebook][25] + + * [Print][26] + + * [LinkedIn][27] + + * [Reddit][28] + + * [Telegram][29] + + * [WhatsApp][30] + + * [Email][31] + + * + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/fedora-36/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/07/enable-rpm-fusion-fedora-rhel-centos/ +[3]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 +[4]: https://getfedora.org/en/workstation/download/ +[5]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org/ +[6]: https://labs.fedoraproject.org/ +[7]: https://torrent.fedoraproject.org/ +[8]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org/kde/download/index.html +[9]: https://neon.kde.org/download +[10]: https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop +[11]: https://linuxmint.com/download.php +[12]: https://pop.system76.com/ +[13]: https://mxlinux.org/download-links/ +[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/ +[15]: https://endeavouros.com/download/ +[16]: https://zorin.com/os/download/ +[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-debian-buster/ +[18]: https://www.debian.org/distrib/ +[19]: https://ubuntustudio.org/download/ +[20]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[21]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[22]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[23]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint +[24]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=twitter (Click to share on Twitter) +[25]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=facebook (Click to share on Facebook) +[26]: tmp.D5k4svHk21#print (Click to print) +[27]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=linkedin (Click to share on LinkedIn) +[28]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=reddit (Click to share on Reddit) +[29]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=telegram (Click to share on Telegram) +[30]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=jetpack-whatsapp (Click to share on WhatsApp) +[31]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=email (Click to email this to a friend) From c3daf096e384d73236d452ccf86c9252374b5168 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=91?= Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 08:31:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 030/333] Translating --- ...20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md index 3ba10f9f27..b541dad16e 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/how-to-install-multimedia-codecs-in-fedora-linux/" [#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "robsean" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 52b19f7a89d75c52db3638fcabbd22e4b45e882a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=91?= Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 08:32:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 031/333] Translating --- ...0220511 How to Install Fedora 36 Workstation Step by Step.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220511 How to Install Fedora 36 Workstation Step by Step.md b/sources/tech/20220511 How to Install Fedora 36 Workstation Step by Step.md index 1a1dc87bc1..332eafb4f0 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220511 How to Install Fedora 36 Workstation Step by Step.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220511 How to Install Fedora 36 Workstation Step by Step.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-install-fedora-workstation/" [#]: author: "Pradeep Kumar https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "robsean" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 2041effe9acd63d5002d3d736ed5e7242a804c57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 09:03:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 032/333] translated --- ...age on Ubuntu 22.04- Here’s How to Fix it.md | 86 ------------------- ...age on Ubuntu 22.04- Here’s How to Fix it.md | 86 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 86 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220510 Can’t Run AppImage on Ubuntu 22.04- Here’s How to Fix it.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220510 Can’t Run AppImage on Ubuntu 22.04- Here’s How to Fix it.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220510 Can’t Run AppImage on Ubuntu 22.04- Here’s How to Fix it.md b/sources/tech/20220510 Can’t Run AppImage on Ubuntu 22.04- Here’s How to Fix it.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4f82d9287f..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220510 Can’t Run AppImage on Ubuntu 22.04- Here’s How to Fix it.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,86 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Can’t Run AppImage on Ubuntu 22.04? Here’s How to Fix it" -[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/cant-run-appimage-ubuntu/" -[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Can’t Run AppImage on Ubuntu 22.04? Here’s How to Fix it -====== - -The recently released [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS is full of new visual changes and features][1]. - -But like any other release, it has its share of bugs and issues. - -One of the unpleasant surprises I got in Ubuntu 22.04 was with the AppImage applications. - -Even with all the right permissions, AppImage applications just refused to launch in my newly installed Ubuntu 22.04 system. - -If you face a similar situation, I have good news for you. The fix is quite simple. - -### Running AppImage applications in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS - -The problem here is that Ubuntu 22.04 is missing the [FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) library][2]. This FUSE library provides an interface for userspace programs to export a virtual filesystem to the Linux kernel. - -That’s [how the AppImage works][3]; on virtual filesystems. Since this crucial library is missing, AppImage doesn’t work as expected. - -Now that you understand the root cause of the issue let’s see how to make it work. - -#### Step 1: Install libfuse - -Open the terminal in Ubuntu and use the following command to install the FUSE library support: - -``` -sudo apt install libfuse2 -``` - -If you are new to the terminal stuff, here’s what you need to know. It will ask you to enter the sudo password. That’s your account password, actually. And **when you type the password, nothing is displayed on the screen**. That’s by design. Just keep on typing the password and enter. - -![Install libfuse2 in Ubuntu][4] - -#### Step 2: Make sure AppImage files have correct file permissions - -This one goes without saying. You need to have ‘execute’ permission on the downloaded AppImage file of an application. - -Go to the folder where you have downloaded the desired application’s AppImage file. **Right-click** on it and **select Properties**. - -Now go to the **Permissions tab** and check the “**Allow executing file as program**” option. - -![give execute permission to AppImage file][5] - -With that set, you are good to go. Just double-click the file now, and it should run the application as intended. - -This little step of getting libfuse is on my [list of recommended things to do after installing Ubuntu 22.04][6]. - -#### Further troubleshooting tips - -Your AppImage file is still not running? It may happen that the AppImage you have downloaded has some other issues that stop it from running. - -One way to check it would be to download a known application like [Balena Etcher][7] and see if its AppImage file works or not. If this one works, then the AppImage file you downloaded for the other application is not good. You can dig deeper by running the AppImage file from the terminal and analyzing the error it shows. - -#### Does it work for you? - -Go ahead and try it. If it works, drop me a thank you note. If it still doesn’t, mention the details in the comment sections and I’ll try to help you out. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/cant-run-appimage-ubuntu/ - -作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-release-features/ -[2]: https://packages.debian.org/sid/libfuse2 -[3]: https://itsfoss.com/use-appimage-linux/ -[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/install-libfuse2-ubuntu.png -[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/give-execute-permission-to-appimage-file-800x415.png -[6]: https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-22-04/ -[7]: https://www.balena.io/etcher/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20220510 Can’t Run AppImage on Ubuntu 22.04- Here’s How to Fix it.md b/translated/tech/20220510 Can’t Run AppImage on Ubuntu 22.04- Here’s How to Fix it.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26aa18ce7c --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220510 Can’t Run AppImage on Ubuntu 22.04- Here’s How to Fix it.md @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +[#]: subject: "Can’t Run AppImage on Ubuntu 22.04? Here’s How to Fix it" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/cant-run-appimage-ubuntu/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +无法在 Ubuntu 22.04 上运行 AppImage？这是解决方法 +====== + +最近发布的 [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 充满了新的视觉变化和功能][1]。 + +但与任何其他版本一样，它也存在一些错误和问题。 + +我在 Ubuntu 22.04 中遇到的令人不快的惊喜之一是 AppImage 应用。 + +即使拥有所有正确的权限，AppImage 应用也会拒绝在我新安装的 Ubuntu 22.04 系统中启动。 + +如果你遇到类似的情况，我有个好消息要告诉你。修复非常简单。 + +### 在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 中运行 AppImage 应用 + +这里的问题是 Ubuntu 22.04 缺少 [FUSE（用户空间中的文件系统）库][2]。FUSE 库为用户空间程序提供了一个接口，可以将虚拟文件系统导出到 Linux 内核。 + +这就是 [AppImage 在虚拟文件系统上的工作方式][3]。由于缺少这个关键库，AppImage 无法按预期工作。 + +现在你了解了问题的根本原因，让我们看看如何使其工作。 + +#### 第 1 步：安装 libfuse + +在 Ubuntu 中打开终端并使用以下命令安装 FUSE 库支持： + +``` +sudo apt install libfuse2 +``` + +如果你不熟悉终端，那么你需要了解以下内容。它会要求你输入 sudo 密码。实际上，那是你的帐户密码。 **当你输入密码时，屏幕上不会显示任何内容**。这是设计使然。只需继续输入密码并输入。 + +![Install libfuse2 in Ubuntu][4] + +#### 第 2 步：确保 AppImage 文件具有正确的文件权限 + +这个不用说了。你需要对下载的应用的 AppImage 文件具有“执行”权限。 + +转到你已下载所需应用的 AppImage 文件的文件夹。**右键单击**并**选择属性**。 + +现在转到**权限选项卡**并选中“**允许将文件作为程序执行**”选项。 + +![give execute permission to AppImage file][5] + +设置完成后就好了。现在只需双击该文件，它就会按预期运行应用。 + +获取 libfuse 的这个小步骤在我的[安装 Ubuntu 22.04 后推荐要做的事情列表][6]上了。 + +#### 进一步的故障排除提示 + +你的 AppImage 文件仍未运行？你下载的 AppImage 可能会出现一些其他问题，使其无法运行。 + +检查它的一种方法是下载一个已知的应用，如 [Balena Etcher][7] 并查看其 AppImage 文件是否有效。如果这个没问题，那么当你下载的另一个应用的 AppImage 文件无法工作。你可以通过从终端运行 AppImage 文件并分析它显示的错误来深入挖掘。 + +#### 对你有用吗？ + +继续尝试。如果有效，请给我写个谢谢。如果仍然没有，请在评论部分中提及详细信息，我会尽力帮助你。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/cant-run-appimage-ubuntu/ + +作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-release-features/ +[2]: https://packages.debian.org/sid/libfuse2 +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/use-appimage-linux/ +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/install-libfuse2-ubuntu.png +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/give-execute-permission-to-appimage-file-800x415.png +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-22-04/ +[7]: https://www.balena.io/etcher/ From 0174418e1c7ccf7c8accf440ad86470aa3756807 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 09:10:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 033/333] translating --- ...20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md index 3ba10f9f27..9cf54e52ff 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/how-to-install-multimedia-codecs-in-fedora-linux/" [#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 506e87fdbaa43025ce7c6ff48968b2ba3d8f4f01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 09:13:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 034/333] Revert "translating" This reverts commit 0174418e1c7ccf7c8accf440ad86470aa3756807. --- ...20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md index 9cf54e52ff..3ba10f9f27 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220514 How To Install Multimedia Codecs In Fedora Linux.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/how-to-install-multimedia-codecs-in-fedora-linux/" [#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 0e8c83cabd0d227518d20f532657e5735ceda4c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 09:14:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 035/333] translating --- ...le Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md b/sources/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md index 6dc742f629..8563855571 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/how-to-enable-minimize-and-maximize-buttons-in-fedora/" [#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 95257a3e7652838011b050d514b785cda7716246 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 10:04:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 036/333] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14598-1.html --- ...rite open source tool for using crontab.md | 42 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220506 My favorite open source tool for using crontab.md (59%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220506 My favorite open source tool for using crontab.md b/published/20220506 My favorite open source tool for using crontab.md similarity index 59% rename from translated/tech/20220506 My favorite open source tool for using crontab.md rename to published/20220506 My favorite open source tool for using crontab.md index 2cfd7a6a75..ee2a4c4481 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220506 My favorite open source tool for using crontab.md +++ b/published/20220506 My favorite open source tool for using crontab.md @@ -3,57 +3,57 @@ [#]: author: "Kevin Sonney https://opensource.com/users/ksonney" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14598-1.html" -我最喜欢的使用 crontab 的开源工具 +管理 crontab 的开源工具 ====== -crontab-ui 是一个用 Node.js 编写的 Web 前端，帮助管理 crontab 文件。 -![Woman using laptop concentrating][1] -（图片提供：Mapbox Uncharted ERG，[CC-BY 3.0 US][2]） +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202205/16/100309tw6wgx3sss36wl6r.jpg) + +> crontab-ui 是一个用 Node.js 编写的 Web 前端，帮助管理 crontab 文件。 *自动化是目前的一个热门话题。在我作为网站可靠性工程师（SRE）的日常工作中，我的部分职责是将尽可能多的重复性任务自动化。但是，有多少人在我们的日常非工作生活中这样做呢？今年，我专注于将劳作自动化，以便我们可以专注于重要的事情。* 作为一个初出茅庐的系统管理员，我最早了解的东西之一是 “cron”。cron 被广泛用于做一些事情，如轮换日志、启动和停止服务、运行程序作业等等。它在几乎所有的 Unix 和 Linux 系统中都可用，而且是我认识的每个系统管理员用来帮助管理服务和服务器的东西。cron 可以自动运行任何控制台应用或脚本，这使得它非常、非常灵活。 -![Image of a Crontab][3] -（图片提供：Kevin Sonney，CC BY-SA 4.0） +> LCTT 译注：CRON 是 “Command Run On” 的缩写，即在某个时间运行命令。 -我已经用 cron 来获取电子邮件，运行过滤程序，确保服务正在运行，与 Habitica 等在线游戏互动等。 +![Image of a Crontab][3] + +我用 cron 来获取电子邮件，运行过滤程序，确保服务正在运行，与 Habitica 等在线游戏互动等。 ### 以传统方式使用 cron -要开始使用 cron，你可以简单地在命令行输入 `crontab -e`，为自己打开一个带有当前 `crontab`（或 “cron table”）文件的编辑器（如果你以 root 身份这样做，你会得到系统 crontab）。这是保存作业计划的地方，以及何时运行。David Both 已经写了[大量][4]关于该文件的格式和如何使用它的文章，所以我不打算在这里介绍。我要说的是，对于新用户来说，这可能有点吓人，而且设置时间有点痛苦。 +要开始使用 cron，你可以简单地在命令行输入 `crontab -e`，启动一个打开了当前 `crontab`（“cron table” 的缩写）文件的编辑器（如果你以 root 身份这样做，你访问的是系统 crontab）。这是保存作业计划的地方，记录了何时运行。David Both 已经写了 [大量][4] 关于该文件的格式和如何使用它的文章，所以我不打算在这里介绍。我要说的是，对于新用户来说，这可能有点吓人，而且设置时间有点痛苦。 ### 介绍 crontab-ui 有一些奇妙的工具可以帮助解决这个问题。我最喜欢的是 [crontab-ui][5]，这是一个用 Node.js 编写的 Web 前端，可以帮助管理 crontab 文件。为了安装和启动 `crontab-ui` 供个人使用，我使用了以下命令。 ``` -# Make a backup +# 做个备份 crontab -l > $HOME/crontab-backup -# Install Crontab UI +# 安装 Crontab UI npm install -g crontab-ui -# Make a local database directory +# 创建本地数据库目录 mkdir $HOME/crontab-ui -# Start crontab-ui +# 启动 crontab-ui CRON_DB_PATH=$HOME/crontab-ui crontab-ui ``` -完成这些后，只需将你的网络浏览器指向 `http://localhost:8000`，你就会得到 crontab-ui 的网络界面。要做的第一件事是点击 “Get from Crontab”，加载你可能有的任何现有作业。然后点击**备份**，这样你就可以回滚你所做的任何修改。 +完成这些后，只需将你的网页浏览器指向 `http://localhost:8000`，你就会看到 crontab-ui 的网页界面。要做的第一件事是点击 “从 Crontab 获取Get from Crontab”，加载你可能有的任何现有作业。然后点击“备份Backup”，这样你就可以回滚你所做的任何修改。 ![Image of Crontab-UI][6] -（图片提供：Kevin Sonney，CC BY-SA 4.0） 添加和编辑 cron 作业是非常简单的。添加一个名称，你想运行的完整命令，以及时间（使用 cron 语法），然后保存。另外，你还可以捕获日志，并设置将工作状态邮寄到你选择的电子邮箱。 -完成后，点击 **Save to Crontab**。 +完成后，点击 “保存到 CrontabSave to Crontab”。 -我个人非常喜欢日志记录功能。有了 crontab-ui，你可以通过点击一个按钮来查看日志，这在排除故障时非常有用。 +我个人非常喜欢它的日志记录功能。有了 crontab-ui，你可以通过点击一个按钮来查看日志，这在排除故障时非常有用。 -我推荐的一件事是不要一直运行 crontab-ui，至少不要公开运行。虽然它确实具有一些基本的身份验证功能，但它不应该暴露在你的本地机器之外。我不需要经常（现在）编辑我的 cron 作业，所以我可以按需启动和停止它。 +我建议不要一直运行 crontab-ui，至少不要公开运行。虽然它确实具有一些基本的身份验证功能，但它不应该暴露在你的本地机器之外。我不需要经常编辑我的 cron 作业，所以我可以按需启动和停止它。 下次你需要编辑你的 crontab 时，可以试试 crontab-ui！ @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/cron-crontab-ui 作者：[Kevin Sonney][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 7b70489e6c053eb6270c65d72f17e367afb132d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 10:45:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 037/333] RP @hanszhao80 https://linux.cn/article-14599-1.html --- ...sky with this open source astronomy app.md | 50 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md (63%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md b/published/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md similarity index 63% rename from translated/tech/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md rename to published/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md index 86c6cdabdb..d25508a327 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md +++ b/published/20210102 Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app.md @@ -1,72 +1,64 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: translator: (hanszhao80) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: reviewer: (wxy) +[#]: publisher: (wxy) +[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-14599-1.html) [#]: subject: (Explore the night sky with this open source astronomy app) [#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/1/kstars) [#]: author: (Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins) -使用开源天文应用程序探索夜空 +使用开源天文应用程序 KStars 探索夜空 ====== -使用 KSTARS 从你的 Linux 桌面或安卓设备眺望星辰。 -![Open source stars.][1] + +> 使用 KStars 从你的 Linux 桌面或安卓设备眺望星辰。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202205/16/104339d0u39oiyzugzjf86.jpg) 我一直对夜空很着迷。当我年轻的时候，唯一可用的参考资料是书籍，它们似乎描绘了一个与我从家里看到的不一样的天空。 -五年多前，我曾写过两个开源天文馆应用程序 [Celestia 和 Stellarium][2] 的使用体验。最近，我又了解到一个应用 [KSTARS][3]。这是一个令人惊叹的开源应用程序，可以帮助儿童（和成人）参与科学和天文学。它的网站上说： +五年多前，我曾介绍过两个开源天文馆应用程序 [Celestia 和 Stellarium][2] 的使用体验。最近，我又了解到一个应用 [KStars][3]。这是一个令人惊叹的开源应用程序，可以帮助儿童（和成人）参与科学和天文学。它的网站上说： -> “KSTARS 是一款免费、开源、跨平台的天文学软件。它提供了从地球上的任何位置、任何日期和时间对夜空的一个精确的图形化模拟。可展示包括多达1亿颗恒星，13,000个深空天体，所有8个行星，太阳和月亮，以及数千颗彗星，小行星，超新星和卫星。“ +> “KStars 是一款自由开源的、跨平台的天文学软件。它提供了从地球上的任何位置、任何日期和时间对夜空的一个精确的图形化模拟。可展示包括多达 1 亿颗恒星，13,000 个深空天体，所有 8 个行星，太阳和月亮，以及数千颗彗星，小行星，超新星和卫星。“ -KSTARS 是 [KDE 教育项目][4] 的一部分。最新版本可用于 Linux、Windows 和 MacOS，它集成了 [StellarSolver][5]，这是一个跨平台的 SExtractor 程序，它可以从天文图像构建一个对象目录。 +KStars 是 [KDE 教育项目][4] 的一部分。最新版本可用于 Linux、Windows 和 MacOS，它集成了 [StellarSolver][5]，这是一个跨平台的 SExtractor 程序，它可以从天文图像构建一个天体目录。 ### 安装 KStars -KStars 采用 GPL 2.0 协议，用户可免费使用。源代码可以在官方的 [KDE GitLab 实例][6] 查看（这是 Github 的一个只读镜像）。KDE 教育项目有着优秀的[安装文档][7] +KStars 采用 GPL 2.0 协议自由授权。源代码可以在官方的 [KDE GitLab 实例][6] 查看（这是 GitHub 的一个只读镜像）。KDE 教育项目有着优秀的 [安装文档][7]。 我用的系统是 [Pop!_OS][8]，可以在 Pop!_Shop 找到这款应用程序。 -可以从你的发行版的软件存储库中找到 KStars 在 Linux 上安装。而在安卓设备上，可以从 [Google Play 商店][9] 下载适配安卓的 KStars Lite。KDE 项目维护了一份优秀的 [KSTARS 手册][10] 来帮助用户。 +可以从你的发行版的软件存储库中找到 KStars 在 Linux 上安装。而在安卓设备上，可以从 [Google Play 商店][9] 下载适配安卓的 KStars Lite。KDE 项目维护了一份优秀的 [KStars 手册][10] 来帮助用户。 ### 使用 KStars -安装完后，从你的应用Applications菜单启动程序。启动向导会指导你完成初始化设置。 +安装完后，从你的“应用Applications”菜单启动程序。启动向导会指导你完成初始化设置。 ![KStars 启动向导][11] -(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12]) - 这些指示很容易理解。向导会提示设置你住所的位置。不幸的是，我所在的小村庄不在列表里，但附近一个更大的社区在里面。 ![KStars 位置设置][13] -(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12]) - -你还有机会下载该程序的其他数据和额外功能。 +你还可以下载该程序的其他数据和额外功能。 ![KStars 扩展][14] -(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12]) - -这里有很多可用的选项。我选择”在详细信息窗口中显示常见图像Common images displayed in the detail window“。 +这里有很多可用的选项。我选择“在详细信息窗口中显示常见图像Common images displayed in the detail window”。 一旦完成设置，KStars 会呈现一张基于你的位置的夜空图。 ![KStars 夜空显示][15] -(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12]) +左上角显示了当前时区（这张图里是 2020 年 11 月 30 日傍晚 5 点 58 分）。 -左上角显示了当前时区（这张图里是2020年11月30日傍晚5点58分）。 +使用鼠标左键，可以向左、向右、向上和向下移动显示。你可以使用鼠标滚轮进行放大和缩小。将鼠标光标放在天体上并右键单击可查看当前天体的描述。 -使用鼠标左键，可以向左、向右、向上和向下移动显示。你可以使用鼠标滚轮进行放大和缩小。将鼠标光标放在对象上并右键单击可查看当前对象的描述。 - -![KStars 对象描述][16] - -(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12]) +![KStars 天体描述][16] ### 参与 -KSTARS 正在积极寻求错误报告、天文学知识、代码、翻译等方面的帮助。主要开发者和维护者是 [Jasem Mutlaq][17]。如果你愿意贡献一份力量，请访问[项目网站][18]或加入邮件列表以了解更多信息。 +KStars 正在积极寻求错误报告、天文学知识、代码、翻译等方面的帮助。主要开发者和维护者是 [Jasem Mutlaq][17]。如果你愿意贡献一份力量，请访问 [项目网站][18] 或加入邮件列表以了解更多信息。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -75,7 +67,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/21/1/kstars 作者：[Don Watkins][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[hanszhao80](https://github.com/hanszhao80) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From cb7c8f77d5afae005f11a283d21fcc4d037fbaf5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 11:21:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 038/333] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=90=8D=E6=97=A5=E6=9C=9F=20&=20=E6=B8=85=E7=90=86=E5=86=85?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=AE=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 20210722 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md --- ...nux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md} | 139 ++++-------------- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 114 deletions(-) rename sources/tech/{20210722 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md => 20220515 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md} (76%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210722 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md b/sources/tech/20220515 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md similarity index 76% rename from sources/tech/20210722 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md rename to sources/tech/20220515 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md index 15d476ac53..3987da5ad8 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210722 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220515 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone ====== -WE COMPILED A LIST OF THE 10 BEST LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS FOR EVERYONE IN -2022 BASED ON THEIR STABILITY, ATTRACTIVENESS AND TIME REQUIRED TO -CONFIGURE AFTER INSTALLATION. +We compiled a list of the 10 best Linux distributions for everyone in 2022 based on their stability, attractiveness and time required to configure after installation. + The Linux Distribution space is heavily fragmented to the point that a new fork is being created almost every day. A very few of them are unique and bring something different to the table. Most of them are just the same Ubuntu or Debian based with a different theme or a wrapper. The Linux distro landscape is so dynamic that it changes every month. Some Linux distributions become more stable with ever-changing packages and components, while others become unstable in quality. Hence, it’s challenging to pick and choose the best Linux distribution for your school, work or for just casual browsing, watching movies, etc. Not to mention, many Linux distributions are discontinued every year due to a lack of contributions, cost-overrun and other reasons. @@ -20,33 +19,25 @@ That said, we compiled the below 10 best Linux distributions in 2022, which is p ### Best Linux Distributions of 2022 -#### 1\. Fedora KDE +#### 1. Fedora KDE The first Linux distribution, which I think is the best on this list, is Fedora Linux KDE Edition. The primary reason is that the Fedora Linux is very stable with the latest tech, and KDE Plasma is super fast and perfect for all users. Moreover, this Fedora and KDE Plasma combination doesn’t require further modification or tweaks after installation. Over the last couple of releases and after the latest [Fedora 36][1] release feedback, Fedora Linux with KDE Plasma has become the go-to distribution for every possible use case and workflow. In addition, KDE Plasma also brings KDE Applications and goodies, eliminating additional software you need. And with the help of Fedora repo and [RPM Fusion][2], you can blindly trust Fedora Linux with KDE Edition for your daily driver. -![Fedora KDE Edition][3] +On a side note, you can also consider the [Fedora Linux workstation][3] edition with GNOME if you prefer a GNOME-styled desktop. In addition, you might consider other [Fedora Spins][4] or [Fedora Labs][5] if you like a different desktop flavour. -On a side note, you can also consider the [Fedora Linux workstation][4] edition with GNOME if you prefer a GNOME-styled desktop. In addition, you might consider other [Fedora Spins][5] or [Fedora Labs][6] if you like a different desktop flavour. +You can download Fedora KDE Edition here. Other downloads with [torrent details][6] are present here. -You can download Fedora KDE Edition here. Other downloads with [torrent details][7] are present here. - -[Download Fedora][8] - -#### 2\. KDE Neon +#### 2. KDE Neon The second distribution we would like to feature in this list is KDE Neon. The KDE Neon is based on the Ubuntu LTS release at its base. But the KDE Framework and KDE Applications with KDE Plasma desktop are the latest from the team. The primary reason for featuring this is that it is perfect for you if you want a Ubuntu LTS base distribution but want the latest KDE Applications. In fact, you can use it for your daily driver for years to come, provided you keep your system up to date. In contrast, the Kubuntu LTS releases are also perfect. But they may not have the latest KDE Framework or applications. -![KDE Neon][3] - You can download the KDE Neon at the below link. Make sure to choose the user edition while downloading. -[Download KDE Neon][9] - -#### 3\. Ubuntu LTS Releases with GNOME +#### 3. Ubuntu LTS Releases with GNOME The Ubuntu LTS releases (with default GNOME Desktop) are the most used Linux Distribution today. It’s the most popular, most downloaded and used by users, enterprises and several real-world needs. @@ -56,13 +47,9 @@ Most of the third-party applications and games primarily target Ubuntu, and you But for casual users who want to browse the internet, watch movies, listen to music and do personal work, you can blindly trust Ubuntu LTS versions as your best Linux distribution. -![Ubuntu LTS with GNOME][3] - Finally, you can download Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (the current one) using the below link. -[Download Ubuntu][10] - -#### 4\. Linux Mint Cinnamon +#### 4. Linux Mint Cinnamon One of the Linux distributions that “just works” out-of-the-box in “any” type of hardware. The Linux Mint is fourth on this list. The above three distributions (Fedora, Ubuntu LTS) may not work well in older hardware (PC or Laptop) having low memory and older CPU. But Linux Mint is perfect in those use cases with its unique ability to make everyone welcome. @@ -70,166 +57,90 @@ Furthermore, with Linux Mint, you do not need to install any additional applicat In addition, if you are new to Linux or Windows users who plan to migrate, then it is a perfect distribution to start. Its legacy menu-driven Cinnamon desktop is one of the best open-source desktops today. -![Linux Mint Cinnamon Edition][3] - If you ever get confused or have no time to choose which distribution is best for you, choose the Linux Mint Cinnamon edition. With that said, you can download Linux Mint using the below link. -[Download Linux Mint][11] - -#### 5\. Pop OS +#### 5. Pop OS The Pop OS is developed by American computer manufacturer System76 for their hardware lineup. But it is one of the famous and emerging Linux distributions based on Ubuntu. The Pop OS is primarily known to have perfect for modern hardware (including NVIDIA graphics) and brings some unique features absent in the traditional Ubuntu with GNOME desktop. For example, you get a well-designed COSMIC desktop with Pop OS, built-in tiling feature, well-optimized power controls, and a stunning Pop Shop. The Pop Shop is a software store designed by its maker to give you a well-categorized set of applications for your study, learning, development, gaming, etc. This distribution is also perfect for gaming if you plan to start your Linux journey with gaming in mind. In addition, if you want to get a professional-grade Linux distribution with official help and support, you should check out actual System76 hardware with Pop OS. -![Pop OS][3] - However, you can download the Pop OS for various hardware for free using the link below. -[Download Pop OS][12] - -#### 6\. MX Linux +#### 6. MX Linux MX Linux is a well designed Linux distribution primarily targeted at the older hardware with productivity and stability in mind. It’s an emerging Linux distribution that is free from systemd and uses the init system. Based on the Debian Stable branch, it brings Xfce Desktop, KDE Plasma desktop and Fluxbox with its own powerful MX utilities. You can use MX Linux for all of your needs. But I would not recommend it for gaming or development work. If you need a stable Linux distribution for your older hardware, free from systemd, you can choose MX Linux. Especially the Fluxbox edition. -![MX Linux][3] - You can download MX Linux from its official website below. -[Download MX Linux][13] +#### 7. Endeavour OS -#### 7\. Endeavour OS - -If you like the concept of “Rolling release”, which gives you all the latest packages and operating system components, then Arch Linux is perhaps the best you can have. However, installing Arch Linux might be tricky for new users, although the recent [archinstall][14] does a pretty job. +If you like the concept of “Rolling release”, which gives you all the latest packages and operating system components, then Arch Linux is perhaps the best you can have. However, installing Arch Linux might be tricky for new users, although the recent [archinstall][7] does a pretty job. However, EndeavourOS is a perfect Arch Linux based distribution which features Xfce, KDE Plasma and other popular desktops out of the box. Armed with the Calamares installer, it is super easy to install Endeavour OS. However, this might not be the best Linux distribution for beginners. But the best one for little advanced users who are familiar already with Linux in general. On the brighter side, you get to say, “btw, I use Arch”. -![EndeavourOS][3] - Last but not least, EndeavourOS has excellent community support, and its Telegram channel support is the best in my personal experience. So, if you ever get stuck, help is just a message away. Download this excellent and emerging Linux distribution using the link below. -[Download Endeavour OS][15] - -#### 8\. Zorin OS +#### 8. Zorin OS Zorin OS is a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu Linux and is best for those who want nice looks, power, stability, and a productive system. In this Linux distribution, the default desktop is a blend of Xfce and GNOME 3, heavily customised. One of the advantages of Zorin is it comes with ready-made themes. With those themes, you can make Zorin OS look like Windows and macOS with just one click. This helps the new users easily migrate to Linux and use Zorin for their day to day work. -![Zorin OS][3] - Other than that, Zorin OS maintains three editions – Pro, Lite and Core, which cater to the different user bases. The Pro edition is a paid version with additional themes and tweaks out of the box with a minimal fee. You can download Zorin OS from the below link. -[Download Zorin OS][16] - -#### 9\. Debian with Xfce +#### 9. Debian with Xfce There are many Linux Distribution which is based on Debian. But the only reason I have included vanilla Debian in this list is because of its excellent stability and power. Debian – termed a “Universal Operating System”, is perfect for moderately experienced users of Linux. But if you can set up a daily driver with Debian Stable with Xfce, you can run it for years without reformating or reinstalling for fear of breaking your system. Debian package repo contains all possible packages, which give you the ultimate flexibility to set up any custom system you want. -![Debian with Xfce Desktop][3] +A perfect Linux distribution if you know how to set up a Debian box with some experience. You can download and install Debian after choosing the proper installer for your system here. Debian comes with an installer for several architectures. You may [read our guide][8]if you are confused about which one to choose and how to install it. -A perfect Linux distribution if you know how to set up a Debian box with some experience. You can download and install Debian after choosing the proper installer for your system here. Debian comes with an installer for several architectures. You may [read our guide][17] if you are confused about which one to choose and how to install it. - -[Download Debian][18] - -#### 10\. Ubuntu Studio +#### 10. Ubuntu Studio The final best Linux distribution we feature in this list is Ubuntu Studio. Ubuntu Studio is an official Ubuntu Linux distribution specially curated for Multimedia production type of work. Ubuntu Studio comes with the low-latency mainline Linux Kernel to give additional advantage to multiple operations. In addition, Ubuntu Studio brings its native “Ubuntu Studio Controls”, which provides creators with several options to tweak CPU settings for heavy CPU intensive rendering and processing. -![Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS Desktop][3] - Moreover, a massive list of free and open-source audio, graphics, and video applications is pre-loaded into the ISO, saving time if you plan to build a multimedia workstation. Ubuntu Studio is powered by the KDE Plasma desktop, the perfect Linux distribution for all creators worldwide. You can download Ubuntu Studio from the below link. -[Download Ubuntu Studio][19] - ### Closing Notes I hope this list of “curated and best Linux distributions” helps you pick one for yourself, your friends and co-workers. These are based on their current status (active project), prospects (i.e. it has a well-defined vision for the future) and how easy to set up and out-of-the-box experience. Finally, which Linux distribution do you think should be in the top 10 list? Let me know in the comment box below. -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][20], [Twitter][21], [YouTube][22], and [Facebook][23] and never miss an update! - -#### Share this: - - * [Twitter][24] - - * [Facebook][25] - - * [Print][26] - - * [LinkedIn][27] - - * [Reddit][28] - - * [Telegram][29] - - * [WhatsApp][30] - - * [Email][31] - - * - - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/fedora-36/ [2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/07/enable-rpm-fusion-fedora-rhel-centos/ -[3]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 -[4]: https://getfedora.org/en/workstation/download/ -[5]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org/ -[6]: https://labs.fedoraproject.org/ -[7]: https://torrent.fedoraproject.org/ -[8]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org/kde/download/index.html -[9]: https://neon.kde.org/download -[10]: https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop -[11]: https://linuxmint.com/download.php -[12]: https://pop.system76.com/ -[13]: https://mxlinux.org/download-links/ -[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/ -[15]: https://endeavouros.com/download/ -[16]: https://zorin.com/os/download/ -[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-debian-buster/ -[18]: https://www.debian.org/distrib/ -[19]: https://ubuntustudio.org/download/ -[20]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[21]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[22]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[23]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint -[24]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=twitter (Click to share on Twitter) -[25]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=facebook (Click to share on Facebook) -[26]: tmp.D5k4svHk21#print (Click to print) -[27]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=linkedin (Click to share on LinkedIn) -[28]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=reddit (Click to share on Reddit) -[29]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=telegram (Click to share on Telegram) -[30]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=jetpack-whatsapp (Click to share on WhatsApp) -[31]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/?share=email (Click to email this to a friend) +[3]: https://getfedora.org/en/workstation/download/ +[4]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org/ +[5]: https://labs.fedoraproject.org/ +[6]: https://torrent.fedoraproject.org/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/ +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-debian-buster/ From ab14382c53c61cad5bca78d432438b01b370fb1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 12:21:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 039/333] =?UTF-8?q?=E8=A1=A5=E5=85=85=E7=BC=BA=E5=A4=B1?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=9B=BE=E7=89=87?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...inux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md | 80 ++++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 70 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220515 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md b/sources/tech/20220515 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md index 3987da5ad8..82641d620f 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220515 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220515 Top 10 Best Linux Distributions in 2022 For Everyone.md @@ -25,9 +25,13 @@ The first Linux distribution, which I think is the best on this list, is Fedora In addition, KDE Plasma also brings KDE Applications and goodies, eliminating additional software you need. And with the help of Fedora repo and [RPM Fusion][2], you can blindly trust Fedora Linux with KDE Edition for your daily driver. -On a side note, you can also consider the [Fedora Linux workstation][3] edition with GNOME if you prefer a GNOME-styled desktop. In addition, you might consider other [Fedora Spins][4] or [Fedora Labs][5] if you like a different desktop flavour. +![Fedora KDE Edition][3] -You can download Fedora KDE Edition here. Other downloads with [torrent details][6] are present here. +On a side note, you can also consider the [Fedora Linux workstation][4] edition with GNOME if you prefer a GNOME-styled desktop. In addition, you might consider other [Fedora Spins][5] or [Fedora Labs][6] if you like a different desktop flavour. + +You can download Fedora KDE Edition here. Other downloads with [torrent details][7] are present here. + +[Download Fedora][8] #### 2. KDE Neon @@ -35,8 +39,12 @@ The second distribution we would like to feature in this list is KDE Neon. The K In contrast, the Kubuntu LTS releases are also perfect. But they may not have the latest KDE Framework or applications. +![KDE Neon][9] + You can download the KDE Neon at the below link. Make sure to choose the user edition while downloading. +[Download KDE Neon][10] + #### 3. Ubuntu LTS Releases with GNOME The Ubuntu LTS releases (with default GNOME Desktop) are the most used Linux Distribution today. It’s the most popular, most downloaded and used by users, enterprises and several real-world needs. @@ -47,8 +55,12 @@ Most of the third-party applications and games primarily target Ubuntu, and you But for casual users who want to browse the internet, watch movies, listen to music and do personal work, you can blindly trust Ubuntu LTS versions as your best Linux distribution. +![Ubuntu LTS with GNOME][11] + Finally, you can download Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (the current one) using the below link. +[Download Ubuntu][12] + #### 4. Linux Mint Cinnamon One of the Linux distributions that “just works” out-of-the-box in “any” type of hardware. The Linux Mint is fourth on this list. The above three distributions (Fedora, Ubuntu LTS) may not work well in older hardware (PC or Laptop) having low memory and older CPU. But Linux Mint is perfect in those use cases with its unique ability to make everyone welcome. @@ -57,53 +69,77 @@ Furthermore, with Linux Mint, you do not need to install any additional applicat In addition, if you are new to Linux or Windows users who plan to migrate, then it is a perfect distribution to start. Its legacy menu-driven Cinnamon desktop is one of the best open-source desktops today. +![Linux Mint Cinnamon Edition][13] + If you ever get confused or have no time to choose which distribution is best for you, choose the Linux Mint Cinnamon edition. With that said, you can download Linux Mint using the below link. +[Download Linux Mint][14] + #### 5. Pop OS The Pop OS is developed by American computer manufacturer System76 for their hardware lineup. But it is one of the famous and emerging Linux distributions based on Ubuntu. The Pop OS is primarily known to have perfect for modern hardware (including NVIDIA graphics) and brings some unique features absent in the traditional Ubuntu with GNOME desktop. For example, you get a well-designed COSMIC desktop with Pop OS, built-in tiling feature, well-optimized power controls, and a stunning Pop Shop. The Pop Shop is a software store designed by its maker to give you a well-categorized set of applications for your study, learning, development, gaming, etc. This distribution is also perfect for gaming if you plan to start your Linux journey with gaming in mind. In addition, if you want to get a professional-grade Linux distribution with official help and support, you should check out actual System76 hardware with Pop OS. +![Pop OS][15] + However, you can download the Pop OS for various hardware for free using the link below. +[Download Pop OS][16] + #### 6. MX Linux MX Linux is a well designed Linux distribution primarily targeted at the older hardware with productivity and stability in mind. It’s an emerging Linux distribution that is free from systemd and uses the init system. Based on the Debian Stable branch, it brings Xfce Desktop, KDE Plasma desktop and Fluxbox with its own powerful MX utilities. You can use MX Linux for all of your needs. But I would not recommend it for gaming or development work. If you need a stable Linux distribution for your older hardware, free from systemd, you can choose MX Linux. Especially the Fluxbox edition. +![MX Linux][17] + You can download MX Linux from its official website below. +[Download MX Linux][18] + #### 7. Endeavour OS -If you like the concept of “Rolling release”, which gives you all the latest packages and operating system components, then Arch Linux is perhaps the best you can have. However, installing Arch Linux might be tricky for new users, although the recent [archinstall][7] does a pretty job. +If you like the concept of “Rolling release”, which gives you all the latest packages and operating system components, then Arch Linux is perhaps the best you can have. However, installing Arch Linux might be tricky for new users, although the recent [archinstall][19] does a pretty job. However, EndeavourOS is a perfect Arch Linux based distribution which features Xfce, KDE Plasma and other popular desktops out of the box. Armed with the Calamares installer, it is super easy to install Endeavour OS. However, this might not be the best Linux distribution for beginners. But the best one for little advanced users who are familiar already with Linux in general. On the brighter side, you get to say, “btw, I use Arch”. +![EndeavourOS][20] + Last but not least, EndeavourOS has excellent community support, and its Telegram channel support is the best in my personal experience. So, if you ever get stuck, help is just a message away. Download this excellent and emerging Linux distribution using the link below. +[Download Endeavour OS][21] + #### 8. Zorin OS Zorin OS is a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu Linux and is best for those who want nice looks, power, stability, and a productive system. In this Linux distribution, the default desktop is a blend of Xfce and GNOME 3, heavily customised. One of the advantages of Zorin is it comes with ready-made themes. With those themes, you can make Zorin OS look like Windows and macOS with just one click. This helps the new users easily migrate to Linux and use Zorin for their day to day work. +![Zorin OS][22] + Other than that, Zorin OS maintains three editions – Pro, Lite and Core, which cater to the different user bases. The Pro edition is a paid version with additional themes and tweaks out of the box with a minimal fee. You can download Zorin OS from the below link. +[Download Zorin OS][23] + #### 9. Debian with Xfce There are many Linux Distribution which is based on Debian. But the only reason I have included vanilla Debian in this list is because of its excellent stability and power. Debian – termed a “Universal Operating System”, is perfect for moderately experienced users of Linux. But if you can set up a daily driver with Debian Stable with Xfce, you can run it for years without reformating or reinstalling for fear of breaking your system. Debian package repo contains all possible packages, which give you the ultimate flexibility to set up any custom system you want. -A perfect Linux distribution if you know how to set up a Debian box with some experience. You can download and install Debian after choosing the proper installer for your system here. Debian comes with an installer for several architectures. You may [read our guide][8]if you are confused about which one to choose and how to install it. +![Debian with Xfce Desktop][24] + +A perfect Linux distribution if you know how to set up a Debian box with some experience. You can download and install Debian after choosing the proper installer for your system here. Debian comes with an installer for several architectures. You may [read our guide][25]if you are confused about which one to choose and how to install it. + +[Download Debian][26] #### 10. Ubuntu Studio @@ -111,12 +147,16 @@ The final best Linux distribution we feature in this list is Ubuntu Studio. Ubun Ubuntu Studio comes with the low-latency mainline Linux Kernel to give additional advantage to multiple operations. In addition, Ubuntu Studio brings its native “Ubuntu Studio Controls”, which provides creators with several options to tweak CPU settings for heavy CPU intensive rendering and processing. +![Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS Desktop][27] + Moreover, a massive list of free and open-source audio, graphics, and video applications is pre-loaded into the ISO, saving time if you plan to build a multimedia workstation. Ubuntu Studio is powered by the KDE Plasma desktop, the perfect Linux distribution for all creators worldwide. You can download Ubuntu Studio from the below link. +[Download Ubuntu Studio][28] + ### Closing Notes I hope this list of “curated and best Linux distributions” helps you pick one for yourself, your friends and co-workers. These are based on their current status (active project), prospects (i.e. it has a well-defined vision for the future) and how easy to set up and out-of-the-box experience. @@ -138,9 +178,29 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/best-linux-distributions-2022/ [b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/fedora-36/ [2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/07/enable-rpm-fusion-fedora-rhel-centos/ -[3]: https://getfedora.org/en/workstation/download/ -[4]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org/ -[5]: https://labs.fedoraproject.org/ -[6]: https://torrent.fedoraproject.org/ -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/ -[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-debian-buster/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Fedora-KDE-Edition.jpg +[4]: https://getfedora.org/en/workstation/download/ +[5]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org/ +[6]: https://labs.fedoraproject.org/ +[7]: https://torrent.fedoraproject.org/ +[8]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org/kde/download/index.html +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/KDE-Neon.jpg +[10]: https://neon.kde.org/download +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-LTS-with-GNOME.jpg +[12]: https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Linux-Mint-Cinnamon-Edition.jpg +[14]: https://linuxmint.com/download.php +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Pop-OS.jpg +[16]: https://pop.system76.com/ +[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/MX-Linux.jpg +[18]: https://mxlinux.org/download-links/ +[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/ +[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/EndeavourOS.jpg +[21]: https://endeavouros.com/download/ +[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Zorin-OS.jpg +[23]: https://zorin.com/os/download/ +[24]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Debian-with-Xfce-Desktop.jpg +[25]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-debian-buster/ +[26]: https://www.debian.org/distrib/ +[27]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-Studio-22.04-LTS-Desktop.jpg +[28]: https://ubuntustudio.org/download/ From d7211f6b1d2d3c9cfdf93fcae5f0b95fbcc5039b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 13:22:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 040/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220516=20How=20to=20Dual=20Boot=20Ubuntu=2022.04=20L?= =?UTF-8?q?TS=20and=20Windows=2011.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...al Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md | 194 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 194 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md b/sources/tech/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..af32772116 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11" +[#]: via: "https://www.linuxtechi.com/dual-boot-ubuntu-22-04-and-windows-11/" +[#]: author: "James Kiarie https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/james/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11 +====== +Hey guys, in this guide we will demonstrate how to configure a dual-boot setup of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) alongside Windows 11. + +For this to work, you need to have Windows 11 already installed on your PC.  You will then need to create a separate partition on your hard drive on which Ubuntu 22.04 will be installed. We will go over all this, so don’t worry. + +##### Prerequisites  + +Before setting sail with the dual-boot setup, here is what you need. + +* A bootable USB drive of Ubuntu 22.04 You can download Ubuntu 22.04 ISO image by heading over to the [Ubuntu 22.04 download page][1]. With the ISO image in place, grab a 16GB USB drive and use  Rufus application to make it bootable. + +* A fast and stable internet connection + +### Step 1) Create a Free Partition on Your Hard Drive  + +As mentioned in the introduction, we first and foremost need to create a separate partition on the hard drive on which we are going to install Ubuntu 22.04. + +So, open the disk management utility by pressing Windows Key + R + +In the dialogue box, type diskmgmt.msc and hit ENTER. + +![][2] + +The disk management console displays the current disk partitions as you can see below. We are going to create a partition for installing Ubuntu by Shrinking ‘Volume E’. This might be different in your setup, but just follow along and you will get the drift. + +![][3] + +So, right-click on the volume that you want to shrink and select ‘Shrink’. + +![][4] + +A pop-up dialogue box will appear as shown below. Specify the amount of space to shrink in MB and click ‘Shrink’. + +This is the space that is designated for the Ubuntu 22.04 installation. + +![][5] + +After shrinking the space, it will appear as ‘Unallocated’ or ‘Free Space’ as shown. + +![][6] + +With the free space in place, now plug the bootable USB medium into your PC and reboot your system. Also, be sure to access the BIOS setup and modify the boot priority to have the USB drive as the first priority. Save the BIOS changes and proceed to boot. + +### Step 2) Begin the installation + +On the first screen, you will get the GRUB menu displayed as shown. Select the first option ‘Try or Install Ubuntu’ and press ENTER. + +![][7] + +Ubuntu 22.04 will start loading as shown below. This takes a minute at most. + +![][8] + +Thereafter, the installation wizard will pop open providing you with two options: ‘Try Ubuntu’ and ‘Install Ubuntu’.  Since our mission is to install Ubuntu, select the latter. + +![][9] + +Next, select your preferred Keyboard layout and click ‘Continue’. + +![][10] + +In the ‘Updates and Other Software’ step, select ‘Normal Installation’ in order to install the GUI version of Ubuntu and check the rest of the options to allow download of updates and installation of third-party software for graphics, WiFi hardware and other utilities. + +Then click ‘Continue’. + +![][11] + +The next step provides two options for installation. The first option -’Erase disk and install Ubuntu’ – completely wipes out your drive and installs Ubuntu’. But since this is a dual boot setup, this option will be disastrous to your existing Windows installation. + +Therefore, select ‘Something else’ and click ‘Continue’. + +![][12] + +The partition table will be displayed with all the existing disk partitions. So far, we only have the NTFS partitions and the free space we shrunk earlier. + +For Ubuntu 22.04, we will create the following partitions: + +* /boot        –        1 GB +* /home        –        10 GB +* /            –        12 GB +* Swap         –         2 GB +* EFI          –       300 MB + +To get started with the partitions, click on the [ + ] sign below the ‘Free Space’ partition. + +![][13] + +Fill in the /boot partition details as shown then click ‘OK’. + +![][14] + +Next up, specify the /home partition and click ‘OK’. + +![][15] + +Next, define the / ( root ) partition and click ‘OK’. + +![][16] + +To define swap space, set the size and select ‘Swap area’ for the ‘Use as:’ option. + +![][17] + +Finally, create an EFI system partition if you are using UEFI boot mode. We will assign 300 MB to the EFI partition. + +![][18] + +Below is a summary of the partitions in our partition table. + +![][19] + +To continue with the installation, click ‘Install Now’. On the pop-up shown below, click ‘Continue’ to save the changes to the disk. + +![][20] + +Next, the installation wizard will auto-detect your location. Simply click ‘Continue’. + +![][21] + +Next, create a login user by specifying the name, computer’s name and password. Then click ‘Continue’. + +![][22] + +At this point, the installation wizard will copy all the Ubuntu files and packages to the manually created hard drive partitions and install the required software packages. + +This process takes quite a while, so be patient. In our case, it took roughly 30 minutes. + +![][23] + +Once the installation is completed, click on ‘Restart Now’ to reboot the system. + +![][24] + +At this point, remove your bootable USB drive and press ‘ENTER’ + +![][25] + +When the system restarts, you will find all options for both Ubuntu and Windows 11. + +Select ‘Ubuntu’ to boot into your new Ubuntu 22.04 installation. To boot into Windows 11, select the entry labeled ‘Windows Recovery Environment. + +![][26] + +And there you have it. We have demonstrated how to dual-boot Windows 11 with Ubuntu 22.04. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/dual-boot-ubuntu-22-04-and-windows-11/ + +作者：[James Kiarie][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/james/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://releases.ubuntu.com/22.04/ +[2]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/diskmgmt-msc-command-windows11.png +[3]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Disk-Management-Console-Windows11.png +[4]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Shrink-Volume-Windows11.png +[5]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Shrink-Volume-Size-Windows11.png +[6]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Free-Space-Disk-Management-Console-Windows11.png +[7]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Select-Install-Ubuntu-Linux.png +[8]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-22-04-Loading-Screen.png +[9]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Choose-Install-Ubuntu-Linux.png +[10]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Keyboard-Layout-Ubuntu-22-04.png +[11]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Normal-Installation-Option-During-Ubuntu-22-04-Installation.png +[12]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Something-else-ubuntu-installation.png +[13]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Select-Free-Space-for-Ubuntu-22-04-Installation.png +[14]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Boot-Partition-Ubuntu-22-04-LTS.png +[15]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Home-Partition-For-Ubuntu-22-04.png +[16]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Root-Partition-For-Ubuntu-22-04.png +[17]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Swap-Area-Ubuntu-22-04.png +[18]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/EFI-System-Partition-Ubuntu-22-04.png +[19]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Install-Now-Ubuntu-22-04.png +[20]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Write-Changes-Disk-Ubuntu-22-04.png +[21]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Location-for-Ubuntu-22-04-Installation.png +[22]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UserName-Hostname-Ubuntu-22-04-lts-Installation.png +[23]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Installation-Progress-Ubuntu-22-04.png +[24]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Restart-After-Ubuntu-22-04-LTS-Installation.png +[25]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Remove-Installation-Media-after-Ubuntu-22-04-Installation.png +[26]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Dual-Boot-Grub-Bootloader-Screen-Ubuntu-22-04.png From 72f8ebeee977b49b304373a335f9195a2ca508a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 14:49:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 041/333] RP @lkxed https://linux.cn/article-14600-1.html --- ...00807 A Beginner-s Guide to Open Source.md | 28 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) rename {translated/talk => published}/20200807 A Beginner-s Guide to Open Source.md (81%) diff --git a/translated/talk/20200807 A Beginner-s Guide to Open Source.md b/published/20200807 A Beginner-s Guide to Open Source.md similarity index 81% rename from translated/talk/20200807 A Beginner-s Guide to Open Source.md rename to published/20200807 A Beginner-s Guide to Open Source.md index dac97f2207..a51f88eefe 100644 --- a/translated/talk/20200807 A Beginner-s Guide to Open Source.md +++ b/published/20200807 A Beginner-s Guide to Open Source.md @@ -3,21 +3,21 @@ [#]: author: "Ruth Ikegah https://hashnode.com/@ikegah_ruth" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14600-1.html" 开源新手指南 ====== -![][1] +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202205/16/144822bal5z8ij44s4jcom.jpg) 作为一名技术人员，你应该时不时会看到“开源Open Source”这个词。你有可能在浏览推文、博文时看到过它，也有可能是在学习某一门编程语言或使用某个工具时，看到它的部分介绍写着：这个工具/语言是“开源”的。总之，开源无处不在。 在本文中，我将介绍下面这三个话题： * 什么是开源 -* 贡献开源的好处 +* 贡献于开源的好处 * 如何开始贡献 ### 什么是开源 @@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ * VLC 媒体播放器 * Python 语言、PHP 语言、MySQL 数据库 -与开源软件相反的是专有/闭源软件，只有软件的创造者才能自由使用，其他人若想使用，就得先获得法律许可才行。例如 Adobe Photoshop、Microsoft Office 等。 +与开源软件相反的是专有软件proprietary software / 闭源软件closed source software，只有软件的创造者才能自由使用，其他人若想使用，就得先获得法律许可才行。例如 Adobe Photoshop、微软 Office 等。 -> 开源不仅限于软件或代码，技术领域的任何人都可以为开源做出贡献（每个角色）。有了开源，就有了透明度、可靠性、灵活性，并允许开放合作。 +> 开源不仅限于软件或代码，技术领域的任何人都可以为开源做出贡献（各个角色）。有了开源，就有了透明度、可靠性、灵活性，并允许开放合作。 -### 贡献开源的好处 +### 贡献于开源的好处 -贡献开源项目或软件意味着“免费”让该项目变得更好。你应该会问自己，为什么我要“免费”关心别人的项目，给自己压力？如果你是新手，你可以阅读 [Edidiong Asikpo][2] 的故事，她在 [这篇文章][3] 中说明了为什么开源是她成长的催化剂。 +向开源项目或软件做贡献意味着“免费”让该项目变得更好。你应该会问自己，为什么我要关心或向自己强调“免费”呢？如果你是新手，你可以阅读 [Edidiong Asikpo][2] 的故事，她在 [这篇文章][3] 中说明了为什么开源是她成长的催化剂。 贡献开源的好处有很多，这里是其中一部分： @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ * 你可以公开自己的想法，从而改善软件、项目或社区，让世界变得更美好。 * 你可以通过贡献开源来得到大家的认可，或者成为独特或伟大事物的一部分（获得自豪感）。 * 它让你有机会成为一个人才济济、活力四射的社区的一分子，你可以从中汲取灵感，并结识志同道合的人。 -* 你可以因为贡献开源而获得报酬（OoO）！比如你可以参与一些实习，包括 [Google 编程之夏Summer of Code][4]、[Outreachy][5]、[Google 文档季Season of Docs][6]，以及 Open Collective 的 [赏金计划bounty program][7] 等。（LCTT 译注：国内也有类似的开源实习机会，如“开源之夏”。） +* 你可以因为贡献开源而获得报酬（OoO）！比如你可以参与一些实习，包括 [谷歌编程之夏][4]Google Summer of Code、[Outreachy][5]、[谷歌文档季][6]Google Season of Docs，以及 Open Collective 的 [赏金计划][7]bounty program 等。（LCTT 译注：国内也有类似的开源实习机会，如“开源之夏”。） ### 如何开始贡献 @@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ Github 是开源项目协作的大本营，因此它是一个开始贡献开源的好地方。没听说过 GitHub？没有关系！它提供了文档和指南，很容易就可以上手。不过我还是要提醒你，学习是一个循序渐进的过程，不要太心急喔。 -Github 以公共存储库repositories的形式容纳了许多开源项目。对于某个项目，你可以提交一个议题issue，来说明你注意到的错误或问题（或进一步提出改进意见），也可以创建一个拉取请求pull request，并说明你的更正和改进。 +Github 以公共存储库repositories的形式容纳了许多开源项目。对于某个项目，你可以提交一个议题issue，来说明你注意到的错误或问题（或进一步提出改进意见），也可以创建一个拉取请求pull request（PR），并说明你的更正和改进。 -我不建议你在 Github 上搜索项目来开始贡献，这将是相当令人沮丧的。尽管你可以限定项目使用的编程语言来简化搜索过程，但仍然会有一大堆东西出现在你眼前。（LCCT 译注：对于可爱的小萌新来说，这实在是难以承受 >…<。） +我不建议你在 GitHub 上搜索项目来开始贡献，这将是相当令人沮丧的。尽管你可以限定项目使用的编程语言来简化搜索过程，但仍然会有一大堆东西出现在你眼前。（LCCT 译注：对于可爱的小萌新来说，这实在是难以承受 >…<。） 为了更精准地找到适合自己的项目，这里有一些可供开始的途径： @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Github 以公共存储库repositories的形式容纳了许 * 在加入之前，先对项目、社区或组织做一些研究；当你在做的时候，针对不清楚的地方提出问题。 * 当你加入社区时，尽量积极地介绍自己，并说明你能帮助项目的地方。 * **不要**认为自己无法为项目提供任何帮助，停止这种念头！你有很好的想法可以分享！ -* 在存储库中看看别人提交的议题，（如果有的话）看看你能在哪些方面提供帮助，你可以关注带有“good first issue”“help-wanted”“first-timers only”等标签的议题。 +* 在存储库中看看别人提交的议题，（如果有的话）看看你能在哪些方面提供帮助，你可以关注带有“good first issue”、“help-wanted”、“first-timers only”等标签的议题。 * 在开始贡献之前，一定要先看一下贡献指南，这样你在贡献时就不会有冲突。 > 哪怕只是使用一个开源工具也是一种贡献；参加一个开源活动也是一种贡献；做开源项目的志愿者，或者为开源项目提供赞助也是一种贡献。 @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ via: https://ruthikegah.xyz/a-beginners-guide-to-open-source 作者：[Ruth Ikegah][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 08f25f5bac1ea220b9fb2a6a4172374a19b050ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 18:46:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 042/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?news]:=2020220516=20Microsoft=20has=20another=20Linux=20distrib?= =?UTF-8?q?ution=20and=20it=20is=20based=20on=20Debian.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... distribution and it is based on Debian.md | 78 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 78 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220516 Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220516 Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian.md b/sources/news/20220516 Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..15c8465554 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220516 Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +[#]: subject: "Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/microsoft-debian-distro/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian +====== +Microsoft has been using a Debian-based Linux distro for Azure Cloud. We’re getting to know about it now! + +![microsoft debian][1] + +Microsoft utilizes Linux for a wide range of its projects. In recent years, you must have read a lot about WSL (or WSL2) and a Linux distribution made by Microsoft, i.e., **CBL (Common Base Linux) Mariner**. + +Even with Windows 11, Microsoft keeps improving the experience with [WSL][2]. + +While CBL Mariner is used to power WSLg (the GUI part of WSL 2) and Azure, some recent press coverage (via [ZDNet][3]) uncovered another Linux distribution that Microsoft uses internally. + +Microsoft sure loves Linux, right? + +### CBL-Delridge: A Debian-based Linux distro + +![][4] + +Microsoft maintains a Debian-based distro, which is used to power Azure’s Cloud Shell. And it goes by the name “**CBL-Delridge**“. + +Thanks to [Hayden Barnes][5], a senior engineering manager responsible for Windows containers at SUSE. + +In one of his [older blog posts][6] in February 2022. He revealed more details about it while helping you build it and import it into WSL if required. + +CBL-Delridge (CBL-D) is based on Debian 10 (Buster), unlike CBL-Mariner, built from scratch. + +Not a surprise to see Debian being favored here. Even [Google ditched Ubuntu for Debian][7] for its in-house Linux distro gLinux. + +Interestingly, Microsoft published the distro in 2020 for internal use (as per an [unofficial timeline of Microsoft’s open-source interactions][8] maintained by Hayden), and we’re getting to know about it in 2022. + +![][9] + +The CBL-Delridge also utilizes the same version number 10 (coincidentally) with the codename “Quinault.” Breaking down the name, ZDNet notes that Delridge is a district in West Seattle, and Quinault refers to a valley in the Olympic National Park in Washington State. + +### Building CBL-Delridge + +Unlike normal Linux distributions, you won’t find an image file to download publicly. + +Considering the apt package repositories for CBL-D are public, you can build your image of CBL-D if you need to test it for any of your relevant requirements. + +You can also import it into WSL. [Hayden’s blog post][10] explains using debootstrap to get started building the image and then importing it to WSL. + +Note that the CBL-D is not exactly a replacement for Debian. So, you may not be able to find all your favorite packages. To know more about it, you can explore Hayden’s blog post. + +What do you think about Microsoft’s Linux distributions for internal use? Have you tried any of them yet? Let me know your thoughts in the comments. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/microsoft-debian-distro/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/microsoft-new-debian-based-linux-distro.jpg +[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/windows-11-wsl/ +[3]: https://www.zdnet.com/article/surprise-theres-yet-another-microsoft-linux-distro-cbl-delridge/ +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/azure-delridge.png +[5]: https://twitter.com/unixterminal +[6]: https://boxofcables.dev/building-cbl-d-microsofts-other-linux-distro/ +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/goobuntu-glinux-google/ +[8]: https://github.com/sirredbeard/microsoft-opensource +[9]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/wsl-cbl-delridge-1024x600.png +[10]: https://boxofcables.dev/building-cbl-d-microsofts-other-linux-distro/ From cd6ca2b2fcddb28b12907965d543e1045fb14abb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 18:50:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 043/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?news]:=2020220516=20Fudgie-=20The=20Awesome=20Budgie=20Desktop?= =?UTF-8?q?=20is=20Coming=20to=20Fedora=20Linux=20Soon.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md | 68 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 68 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md b/sources/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ef57b48235 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +[#]: subject: "Fudgie? The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/fudgie-fedora-budgie-announcement/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Fudgie? The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon +====== +Fedora users will also be able enjoy the modern experience of the Budgie desktop environment. + +![Fedora Budgie][1] + +In recent times, Red Hat’s community project, Fedora, has gained quite a decent userbase. While GNOME is the default choice of desktop here, Fedora also offers a variety of other desktop environments in the form of [Fedora Spins][2]. + +This means that you can enjoy an out of box experience of KDE, MATE, Xfce and a few other desktop environments with Fedora without additional effort. Do you prefer KDE instead of GNOME? Download the KDE spin of Fedora and install it like your regular Fedora installation. + +The one desktop offering missing from Fedora Spins is Budgie desktop. + +### Budgie going independent + +The Budgie desktop was introduced with the Solus Linux project circa 2014. There has been some [regressional development with the Solus and Budgie project lately][3]. The [Budgie project is now independent of the Solus Linux][4]. + +Ever since its first release, Budgie garnered a niche following. Its modern layout approach is liked by many Linux users. This is the reason why many other major Linux distributions like Ubuntu, Manjaro, openSUSE started offering Budgie variants. + +![Budgie 10.6][5] + +Fedora hasn’t had Budgie in its offering so far but that could be changing in the next release of Fedora. + +### Budgie submitted for inclusion in Fedora + +Joshua Strobl, the lead developer of the Budgie project, announced the news in a [Reddit post][6]. + +> I have now submitted Budgie Desktop and its microcosm of software (Budgie Control Center, Budgie Screensaver, Budgie Desktop View) for inclusion in Fedora, starting with rawhide (37) and backporting to 36. This will be maintained / supported “officially”, as I am using Fedora Silverblue + rawhide on my work laptop and will be switching my desktop over to Fedora Silverblue as well. + +This means that if the package is approved by the Fedora’s team, you should be able to install Budgie and some Budgie elements in Fedora 37 and hopefully in Fedora 36. + +But that’s not the end of the story. Joshua mentions that he is also considering to introduce and support an official Fedora Spin of Budgie desktop. Meaning people will be able to download an ISO of Fedora preloaded with Budgie desktop instead of GNOME. + +It’s not clear if he speaks of official Fedora Spin or a new unofficial Fedora variant named ‘Fudgie’, which is completely maintained by him. + +### Fedora + Budgie is a good news + +In any case, the Budgie desktop coming to Fedora is good news. It gives more options to the Fedora user and Budgie is a pretty sleet desktop. People who like both Fedora and Budgie should be able to enjoy the best of the both worlds. + +I hope you agree with me. I let you share your view in the comment section. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/fudgie-fedora-budgie-announcement/ + +作者：[Abhishek][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/fedora-budgie.png +[2]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/solus-co-lead-resign-budgie-serpent/ +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/budgie-10-6-release/ +[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/budgie-10.61-1024x576.jpg +[6]: https://www.reddit.com/r/Fedora/comments/uq3gah/budgie_desktop_has_now_been_submitted_for/ From b1ed2926d9a601c472c2601a386996c5471a2b7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 18:52:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 044/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220516=20How=20to=20rebase=20to=20Fedora=20Linux=203?= =?UTF-8?q?6=20on=20Silverblue.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...rebase to Fedora Linux 36 on Silverblue.md | 102 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 102 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220516 How to rebase to Fedora Linux 36 on Silverblue.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220516 How to rebase to Fedora Linux 36 on Silverblue.md b/sources/tech/20220516 How to rebase to Fedora Linux 36 on Silverblue.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a09955f6ab --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220516 How to rebase to Fedora Linux 36 on Silverblue.md @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to rebase to Fedora Linux 36 on Silverblue" +[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-rebase-to-fedora-linux-36-on-silverblue/" +[#]: author: "Michal Konečný https://fedoramagazine.org/author/zlopez/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to rebase to Fedora Linux 36 on Silverblue +====== +![][1] + +Fedora Silverblue is [an operating system for your desktop built][2][on Fedora Linux][3]. It’s excellent for daily use, development, and container-based workflows. It offers [numerous advantages][4] such as being able to roll back in case of any problems. If you want to update or rebase to Fedora Linux 36 on your Fedora Silverblue system (these instructions are similar for Fedora Kinoite), this article tells you how. It not only shows you what to do, but also how to revert things if something unforeseen happens. + +Prior to actually doing the rebase to Fedora Linux 36, you should apply any pending updates. Enter the following in the terminal: + +``` +$ rpm-ostree update +``` + +or install updates through GNOME Software and reboot. + +### Rebasing using GNOME Software + +GNOME Software shows you that there is new version of Fedora Linux available on the Updates screen. + +![Fedora 36 update available][5] + +First thing you need to do is download the new image, so click on the *Download* button. This will take some time. When it’s done you will see that the update is ready to install. + +![Fedora 36 update ready to install][6] + +Click on the *Restart & Upgrade* button. This step will take only a few moments and the computer will be restarted at the end. After restart you will end up in new and shiny release of Fedora Linux 36. Easy, isn’t it? + +### Rebasing using terminal + +If you prefer to do everything in a terminal, then this part of the guide is for you. + +Rebasing to Fedora Linux 36 using the terminal is easy. First, check if the 36 branch is available: + +``` +$ ostree remote refs fedora +``` + +You should see the following in the output: + +``` +fedora:fedora/36/x86_64/silverblue +``` + +If you want to pin the current deployment (this deployment will stay as option in GRUB until you remove it), you can do it by running: + +``` +$ sudo ostree admin pin 0 +``` + +To remove the pinned deployment use the following command: + +``` +$ sudo ostree admin pin --unpin 2 +``` + +where 2 is the position in the $rpm-ostree status + +Next, rebase your system to the Fedora Linux 36 branch. + +``` +$ rpm-ostree rebase fedora:fedora/36/x86_64/silverblue +``` + +Finally, the last thing to do is restart your computer and boot to Fedora Linux 36. + +### How to roll back + +If anything bad happens—for instance, if you can’t boot to Fedora Linux 36 at all—it’s easy to go back. Pick the previous entry in the GRUB menu at boot (if you don’t see it, try to press ESC during boot), and your system will start in its previous state before switching to Fedora Linux 36. To make this change permanent, use the following command: + +``` +$ rpm-ostree rollback +``` + +That’s it. Now you know how to rebase Fedora Silverblue to Fedora Linux 36 and roll back. So why not do it today? + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-rebase-to-fedora-linux-36-on-silverblue/ + +作者：[Michal Konečný][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/zlopez/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/silverblue-rebase-816x345.jpg +[2]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/ +[3]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/ +[4]: https://fedoramagazine.org/give-fedora-silverblue-a-test-drive/ +[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Screenshot-from-2022-05-11-09-33-55.png +[6]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Screenshot-from-2022-05-11-09-40-07.png From 33175b08fcb3c9a161aefc78b02308791735c8dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 19:00:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 045/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?talk]:=2020220516=205=20benefits=20of=20switching=20from=20Goog?= =?UTF-8?q?le=20Analytics=20to=20Plausible.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...hing from Google Analytics to Plausible.md | 109 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 109 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20220516 5 benefits of switching from Google Analytics to Plausible.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20220516 5 benefits of switching from Google Analytics to Plausible.md b/sources/talk/20220516 5 benefits of switching from Google Analytics to Plausible.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0612c953ce --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20220516 5 benefits of switching from Google Analytics to Plausible.md @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +[#]: subject: "5 benefits of switching from Google Analytics to Plausible" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/plausible-analytics" +[#]: author: "Tom Greenwood https://opensource.com/users/tpgreenwood" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +5 benefits of switching from Google Analytics to Plausible +====== +Plausible is an open source alternative to Google Analytics. + +![The legacy of open source and the tide of progress][1] +Image by: Opensource.com + +Google Analytics (GA) has been the industry standard web analytics tool for about as long as there have been analytics tools. Nearly every brief that my WordPress agency receives specifies that GA must be installed. And there is rarely any debate around whether it's the best tool for the job. + +My team at Wholegrain Digital has had concerns about GA in terms of privacy, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliance, performance, user experience, not to mention Google as a global advertising, and search monopoly. However, we continued using GA for 99% of our projects because we didn't feel that there was a strong enough alternative. + +Well, that has changed. We've made a decision that GA will no longer be our default analytics tool. Instead, our default analytics tool will be [Plausible][2]. + +In this article, I'll outline why we consider Plausible a better choice as a default analytics solution, the compromises to be aware of, and how it will impact our clients. + +### Why use Plausible instead of Google Analytics + +We believe that using Plausible over GA is not a purely ideological choice. There are in fact a number of tangible benefits that make it an objectively better product in many cases. Let's take a look at some of these benefits. + +#### Privacy + +One of Plausible's headline benefits is that it has been designed as a privacy-first analytics tool. This might sound like an ideological factor, but it has real practical implications too. + +Plausible only collects anonymous user data, and does not use cookies. This means that unlike most analytics solutions, it complies with both the GDPR and the European Cookie Law, so it's a tick in the box for legal compliance. It's also hosted in the EU and the data is owned by you so it doesn't get shared with any other organizations, which is another tick. + +This has a positive knock-on effect for user experience, because without privacy-invading cookies, you don't need to implement a cookie banner on the website (unless you use cookies for other things). Considering that the first few seconds of a website visit are the most critical to brand experience and conversion rates, cookie banners are arguably the single most damaging thing to the success of any online service. Avoiding these banners puts your brand and message first, helps you make a good first impression, and increases conversion rates. + +#### Simpler user interface + +The GA dashboard was never a great case study in intuitive design, but as the functionality of GA has expanded, so too has the complexity of the interface. I'm increasingly hearing frustrations from even experienced web marketers that they sometimes struggle to find basic data inside GA. + +Plausible has taken the opposite approach and focused on ease of use over quantity of features. The dashboard is beautifully designed to showcase the data you want in a way that is easy to find and understand. It's what most people wish GA to be and it's a breath of fresh air. + +![Image of Plausible with a dark theme][3] +Image by: (Tom Greenwood, CC BY-SA 4.0) + +This is not just a pleasantry. The reality is that if a tool is easy to use then you will use it, and if it is hard to use then you won't. The simplicity of the Plausible interface means that even though it has less features, many users are likely to get a lot more insights and value from their analytics. + +#### Better web performance + +The Plausible tracking script is the smallest we are aware of for any analytics service, coming in at less than 1kb compared to 17kb for GA and even more if you're using Google Tag Manager. + +Better web performance improves user experience, helps your website to rank better in search engines and improves conversion rates. Web performance matters, and when it comes to web performance, every kilobyte matters. + +#### Reduced environmental impact + +Plausible's tiny tracking script isn't just good for web performance, it's also good for the environment. At Wholegrain we are world leaders in sustainable web design and understand that every bit of wasted data is also wasted energy and carbon emissions. + +This adds up. As a minimum, switching to Plausible would save 16kb per visitor, so for a website with a modest 10K visitors per month this would be 160MB of data per month, or 2GB per year. A back of an envelope calculation using the latest methodology that we have developed for website carbon calculations put this at about the equivalent of 800 grams of CO2. Now multiply that up by the millions of websites running worldwide and you are talking about significant amounts of wasted energy and unnecessary carbon emissions. + +But it doesn't stop there. Analytics tools consume energy on the end user's device as they harvest data, in the transmission networks as they send that data back to the data center, and in the data center to store it all for eternity. By tracking less, Plausible is using less energy in its operation than bloated analytics tools such as GA that are tracking many more metrics that most people don't need. + +Plausible also hosts the data in data centers with a commitment to using renewable sources of electricity, which is great (though to be fair Google also does that), and they donate 5% of their revenue to good causes, so the money you are paying is also helping support environmental and social projects. + +#### More accurate data + +Finally, Plausible breaks one of the greatest myths about GA, which is that it is accurate. Plausible's own research and our own experiences with client websites show that GA can significantly under report data, sometimes by as much as 50-60%. + +When you look at GA and you think you are looking at all of your website data, you are most likely only looking at a portion of it. This is because GA is more likely to be blocked by ad blockers and privacy friendly web browsers, but perhaps more significantly because GA should not be tracking your visitors unless they have accepted cookies, which many visitors do not. + +Plausible therefore offers us a simple way to get a more complete and accurate view of website visitors. Needless to say, if you are a digital marketing manager and you want to make yourself look good, you want to use the analytics service that reports all of your visitors and not just some of them. + +### Are there any downsides? + +There are very few downsides to using Plausible. If you are a GA power user and genuinely need a lot of its more advanced functionality then Plausible is not going to meet all of your needs. Plausible can track events, conversions, and campaigns but if you need more than that then you'll need another tool. + +The only other notable downside to Plausible is that it is not free. There is a monthly fee but it is very reasonable, starting at $6 per month. It's a small price to pay for such a good tool, to protect the privacy of your website visitors and to maintain ownership of your data. + +### What are the impacts? + +Here at Wholegrain Digital we are implementing Plausible in a way that we hope will offer many of our clients the benefits listed above without the downsides. Nobody will be forced to stop using GA, but we will be talking about the benefits of Plausible proactively with our clients and including it in our proposals as the default option. + +In many cases, Plausible is not just capable of meeting a project's requirements, but is objectively a better solution than GA, so we'll be trying to help our clients to reap the benefits of this. + +In cases where advanced GA features are required, we will of course stick with GA for now. And in some cases, we may run GA and Plausible in parallel. This has a small overhead in terms of carbon footprint and performance, so it isn't our first choice. However, in some cases it may provide a necessary bridge to help our clients gain confidence in Plausible before making the leap, or help them gain a complete data set while ensuring compliance with privacy laws. + +As for the costs, Plausible is a very good value for what it offers, but we will be offering it free of charge to our clients for any websites cared for on our WordPress maintenance service. We hope that this will help lower the barrier to entry and help more of our clients and their website visitors gain the benefits of Plausible. + +### It is Plausible! + +I hope I've convinced you that Plausible is not just a viable but a really great alternative to GA. If you need any advice on how to figure out the best analytics solution for your website or how to ensure that you are GDPR compliant without compromising user experience, get in touch with me. + +*This article originally appeared on the Wholegrain Digital blog and has been republished with permission.* + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/plausible-analytics + +作者：[Tom Greenwood][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/tpgreenwood +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/LIFE_wavegraph.png +[2]: https://plausible.io +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/Plausible-%C2%B7-websitecarbon-com.jpg From ed2921436230669f5a5ade97c47b0813880798dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 19:01:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 046/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220516=20Use=20Composer=20to=20require=20Git=20repos?= =?UTF-8?q?itories=20within=20PHP=20projects.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...re Git repositories within PHP projects.md | 227 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 227 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220516 Use Composer to require Git repositories within PHP projects.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220516 Use Composer to require Git repositories within PHP projects.md b/sources/tech/20220516 Use Composer to require Git repositories within PHP projects.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9f8e7ef467 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220516 Use Composer to require Git repositories within PHP projects.md @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +[#]: subject: "Use Composer to require Git repositories within PHP projects" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/composer-git-repositories" +[#]: author: "Jonathan Daggerhart https://opensource.com/users/daggerhart" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Use Composer to require Git repositories within PHP projects +====== +This dependency management tool makes it easier to require a repository even when it hasn't been created as a package. + +![young woman working on a laptop][1] +Image by: CC BY 3.0 US Mapbox Uncharted ERG + +The dependency management tool [Composer][2] provides multiple ways to include Git repositories within a PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) project. + +In many cases, repositories have been created on Packagist, so requiring them with Composer is very straightforward. But what do you do when a repository has not been created as a package on Packagist? You use Composer to require the package directly from the repository. This article explains how. + +Note: Some of the terminology in this post is confusing because multiple words are used to describe different things. Here is a quick vocabulary list that will help: + +* Project: The custom software you are building. This can be a website, a command-line utility, an application, or anything else you dream up. +* Package: Any third-party software you want to download and use within your project. It can be a library, Drupal theme, WordPress plugin, or any other number of things. +* Git repository: Also called the Git repo, this is the version-control host for a package. Common hosts include GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket, but any URL-accessible Git repository will work for this tutorial. +* Composer repositories: In a composer.json file, there is an optional property named "repositories." This property is where you can define new places for Composer to look when downloading packages. + +``` +composer.json +``` + +When adding a Git repo to your project with Composer, you can find yourself in two situations: Either the repo contains a `composer.json` file, which defines how the repo should be handled when required, or it does not. You can add the Git repository to your project in both cases, with different methods. + +### Git repo with composer.json + +When a repository includes a `composer.json` file, it defines aspects of itself that are important to how Composer manages the package. Here is an example of a simple `composer.json` file a package may include: + +``` +{ + "name": "mynamespace/my-custom-library", + "type": "library" +} +``` + +This example shows two important properties that a `composer.json` file can define: + +* Name: The package's namespaced name. In this case, "mynamespace" is the namespace for the package "my-custom-library." +* Type: The type of package the repo represents. Package types are used for installation logic. Out of the box, Composer allows for the following package types: library, project, metapackage, and composer-plugin. + +You can verify this by looking at the `composer.json` file of any popular GitHub project. They each define their package name and the package type near the top of the file. When a repository has this information defined in its `composer.json` file, requiring the repository within your project is quite simple. + +### Require a Git repository that has a composer.json file + +After you've identified a Git repository with a `composer.json` file, you can require that repository as a package within your project. + +Within your project's `composer.json` file, you need to define a new property (assuming it doesn't exist already) named "repositories." The value of the repositories property is an array of objects, each containing information about the repository you want to include in your project. Consider this `composer.json` file for your custom project. + +``` +{ + "name": "mynamespace/my-project-that-uses-composer", + "repositories": [ + { + "type": "vcs", + "url": "https://github.com/mynamespace/my-custom-library.git" + } + ], + "require": { + "mynamespace/my-custom-library": "dev-master" + } +} +``` + +You are doing two important things here. First, you're defining a new repository that Composer can reference when requiring packages. And second, you're requiring the package from the newly defined repository. + +Note: The package version is a part of the require statement and not a part of the repository property. You can require a specific branch of a repo by choosing a version named "dev-". + +If you were to run `composer install` in the context of this file, Composer would look for a project at the defined URL. If that URL represents a Git repo that contains a `composer.json` file that defines its name and type, Composer will download that package to your project and place it in the appropriate location. + +### Custom package types + +The example package shown above is of the type "library," but with WordPress and Drupal you're dealing with plugins, modules, and themes. When requiring special package types in your project, it's important to install them in specific locations within the project file structure. Wouldn't it be nice if you could convince Composer to treat these types of packages as special cases? Well, you're in luck. There is an official Composer plugin that will do that for you. + +The [Installers][3] plugin for Composer contains the custom logic required for handling many different package types for a large variety of projects. It is extremely helpful when working with projects that have well-known and supported package installation steps. + +This project allows you to define package types like drupal-theme, drupal-module, wordpress-plugin, wordpress-theme, and many more, for a variety of projects. In the case of a drupal-theme package, the Installers plugin will place the required repo within the `/themes/contrib` folder of your Drupal installation. + +Here is an example of a `composer.json` file that might live within a Drupal theme project as its own Git repository: + +``` +{ + "name": "mynamespace/whatever-i-call-my-theme", + "type": "drupal-theme", + "description": "Drupal 8 theme", + "license": "GPL-2.0+" +} +``` + +Note that the only meaningful difference here is that the type is now drupal-theme. With the drupal-theme type defined, any project that uses the Installers plugin can easily require your repo in its Drupal project, and it will be treated as a contributed theme. + +### Require any Git repository with Composer + +What happens when the repo you want to include in your project does not define anything about itself with a `composer.json` file? When a repo does not define its name or type, you have to define that information for the repo within your project's `composer.json` file. Take a look at this example: + +``` +{ + "name": "mynamespace/my-project-that-uses-composer", + "repositories": [ + { + "type": "package", + "package": { + "name": "mynamespace/my-custom-theme", + "version": "1.2.3", + "type": "drupal-theme", + "source": { + "url": "https://github.com/mynamespace/my-custom-theme.git", + "type": "git", + "reference": "master" + } + } + } + ], + "require": { + "mynamespace/my-custom-theme": "^1", + "composer/installers": "^1" + } +} +``` + +Notice that your repository type is now "package." That is where you will define everything about the package you want to require. + +Create a new object named "package" where you define all the essential information that Composer needs to know to be able to include this arbitrary git repo within your project, including: + +* Name: The namespaced package name. It should probably match the repository you're requiring but doesn't have to. +* Type: The type of package. This reflects how you want Composer to treat this repository. +* Version: A version number for the repo. You will need to make this up. +* Source: An object that contains the following repository information: + +URL: The Git or other version-control system (VCS) URL where the package repo can be found +Type: The VCS type for the package, such as git, svn, cvs, and so on +Reference: The branch or tag you want to download +* URL: The Git or other version-control system (VCS) URL where the package repo can be found +* Type: The VCS type for the package, such as git, svn, cvs, and so on +* Reference: The branch or tag you want to download + +* URL: The Git or other version-control system (VCS) URL where the package repo can be found +* Type: The VCS type for the package, such as git, svn, cvs, and so on +* Reference: The branch or tag you want to download + +I recommend reviewing the [official documentation][4] on Composer package repositories. Note that it is possible to include zip files as Composer packages as well. Essentially, you are now responsible for all parts of how Composer treats this repository. Since the repository itself is not providing Composer with any information, you are responsible for determining almost everything, including the current version number for the package. + +This approach allows you to include almost anything as a Composer package in your project, but it has some notable drawbacks: + +* Composer will not update the package unless you change the version field. +* Composer will not update the commit references. If you use master as a reference, you will have to delete the package to force an update, and you will have to deal with an unstable lock file. + +``` +version +``` + +``` +master +``` + +### Custom package versions + +Maintaining the package version in your `composer.json` file isn't always necessary. Composer is smart enough to look for GitHub releases and use them as the package versions. But eventually you will likely want to include a simple project that has only a few branches and no official releases. + +When a repository does not have releases, you will be responsible for deciding what version the repository branch represents to your project. In other words, if you want composer to update the package, you will need to increment the "version” defined in your project's `composer.json` file before running `composer update`. + +### Overriding a Git repository's composer.json + +When defining a new Composer repository of the type package, you can override a package's own `composer.json` definitions. Consider a Git repository that defines itself as a library in its `composer.json`, but you know that the code is actually a drupal-theme. You can use the above approach to include the Git repository within your project as a drupal-theme, allowing Composer to treat the code appropriately when required. + +Example: Require Guzzle as a drupal-theme just to prove that you can. + +``` +{ + "name": "mynamespace/my-project-that-uses-composer", + "repositories": [ + { + "type": "package", + "package": { + "name": "mynamespace/guzzle-theme", + "version": "1.2.3", + "type": "drupal-theme", + "source": { + "url": "https://github.com/guzzle/guzzle.git", + "type": "git", + "reference": "master" + } + } + } + ], + "require": { + "mynamespace/guzzle-theme": "^1", + "composer/installers": "^1" + } +} +``` + +This works! You've downloaded the Guzzle library and placed it within the `/themes` folder of your Drupal project. This is not a very practical example, but it highlights how much control the package type approach provides. + +### Summary + +Composer offers plenty of options for including arbitrary packages within a project. Determining how those packages are included in the project primarily comes down to who defines the package information. If the Git repository includes a `composer.json` file that defines its name and type, you can have Composer rely on the repository itself for the definition. + +But if you want to include a repository that does not define its name and type, then it is up to your project to define and maintain that information for your own internal use. Alternatively, if a repository doesn't define a `composer.json` file, consider submitting a pull request that adds it. + +*This article originally appeared on the Daggerhart Lab blog and is republished with permission.* + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/composer-git-repositories + +作者：[Jonathan Daggerhart][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/daggerhart +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/lenovo-thinkpad-laptop-window-focus.png +[2]: https://getcomposer.org/ +[3]: https://github.com/composer/installers +[4]: https://getcomposer.org/doc/05-repositories.md#package-2 From b6d886917c54051cb4b8acf636a6a804693f0939 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 19:03:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 047/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220516=20Use=20Composer=20to=20require=20Git=20repos?= =?UTF-8?q?itories=20within=20PHP=20projects.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...e Composer to require Git repositories within PHP projects.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220516 Use Composer to require Git repositories within PHP projects.md b/sources/tech/20220516 Use Composer to require Git repositories within PHP projects.md index 9f8e7ef467..1604430b42 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220516 Use Composer to require Git repositories within PHP projects.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220516 Use Composer to require Git repositories within PHP projects.md @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Use Composer to require Git repositories within PHP projects This dependency management tool makes it easier to require a repository even when it hasn't been created as a package. ![young woman working on a laptop][1] + Image by: CC BY 3.0 US Mapbox Uncharted ERG The dependency management tool [Composer][2] provides multiple ways to include Git repositories within a PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) project. From 2a43fd2c82929e210c3eacf7cce23dc6190da428 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 19:20:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 048/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220516=20How=20To=20Reset=20Root=20Password=20In=20F?= =?UTF-8?q?edora=2036.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md | 99 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 99 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md b/sources/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7df8ba5341 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +[#]: subject: "How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/reset-root-password-in-fedora/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36 +====== +Reset Forgotten Root Password In Fedora + +Have you forgotten the root password in Fedora? Or do you want to change the root user password in your Fedora system? No problem! This brief guide walks you through the steps to change or reset root password in Fedora operating systems. + +**Note:** This guide has been officially tested on Fedora 36 and 35 versions. The steps provided below are same for resetting root password in Fedora Silverblue and older Fedora versions. + +**Step 1** - Switch on your Fedora system and press **ESC** key until you see the GRUB boot menu. Once the GRUB menu is appeared, choose the Kernel you want to boot and hit **e** to edit the selected boot entry. + +![Grub Menu In Fedora 36][1] + +**Step 2** - In the next screen, you will see all boot parameters. Find the parameter named **ro**. + +![Find ro Kernel Parameter In Grub Entry][2] + +**Step 3** - Replace the **'ro'** parameter with **'rw init=/sysroot/bin/sh'**(without quotes, of course). Please mind the space between `"rw"` and "`init=/sysroot`...". After modifying it, the kernel parameter line should look like below. + +![Modify Kernel Parameters][3] + +**Step 4** - After changing the parameters as shown above, press **Ctrl+x** to enter into the emergency mode i.e. single user mode. + +From the emergency mode, enter the following command to mount root (`/` ) file system in read/write mode. + +``` +chroot /sysroot/ +``` + +![Mount Root Filesystem In Read, Write Mode In Fedora Linux][4] + +**Step 5** - Now change the root password with `passwd` command: + +``` +passwd root +``` + +Enter the root password twice. I suggest you to use a strong password. + +![Reset Or Change Root Password In Fedora][5] + +**Step 6** - After resetting the root password, run the following command to enable SELinux relabeling on reboot : + +``` +touch /.autorelabel +``` + +![Enable SELinux Relabeling On Reboot In Fedora][6] + +**Step 7** - Finally, exit the single user mode and reboot the Fedora system to normal mode by running the following command: + +``` +exit +``` + +``` +reboot +``` + +Wait for SELinux relabeling process to complete. It will take a few minutes depending upon the filesystem's size and speed of your hard drive. + +![SELinux Filesystem Relabeling In Progress][7] + +**Step 8** - After the filesystem relabeling is completed, you can log in to your Fedora system with new root password. + +![Login To Fedora As Root User][8] + +As you can see, the steps to reset root password in Fedora 36 is fairly easy and exactly same as **[resetting root password in RHEL][9]** and its clones like CentOS, AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/reset-root-password-in-fedora/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Grub-Menu-In-Fedora-36.png +[2]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Find-ro-Kernel-Parameter-In-Grub-Entry.png +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Modify-Kernel-Parameters.png +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Mount-Root-Filesystem-In-Read-Write-Mode-In-Fedora-Linux.png +[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Reset-Or-Change-Root-Password-In-Fedora.png +[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Enable-SELinux-Relabeling-On-Reboot-In-Fedora.png +[7]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/SELinux-filesystem-relabeling-in-progress.png +[8]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Login-To-Fedora-As-Root-User.png +[9]: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-reset-root-user-password-in-centos-8-rhel-8/ From dd769b60190eebce77e753ab2f6d64638426465a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 20:05:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 049/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220516=20Structured=20Data=20Processing=20with=20Spa?= =?UTF-8?q?rk=20SQL.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ructured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md | 130 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 130 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md b/sources/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..21b3226dc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +[#]: subject: "Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL" +[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/05/structured-data-processing-with-spark-sql/" +[#]: author: "Phani Kiran https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/phani-kiran/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL +====== +Spark SQL is the module in the Spark ecosystem that processes data in a structured format. It internally uses the Spark Core API for its process, but the usage is abstracted from the user. This article dives a little deeper and tells you what’s new in Spark SQL 3.x. + +![][1] + +with Spark SQL, users can also write SQL-styled queries. This is essentially helpful for the wide user community that is proficient in structured query language or SQL. Users will also be able to write interactive and ad hoc queries on the structured data. Spark SQL bridges the gap between resilient distributed data sets (RDDs) and relational tables. An RDD is the fundamental data structure of Spark. It stores data as distributed objects across a cluster of nodes suitable for parallel processing. RDDs are good for low-level processing, but are difficult to debug during runtime and programmers cannot automatically infer schema. Also, there is no built-in optimisation for RDDs. Spark SQL provides the DataFrames and data sets to address these issues. + +Spark SQL can use the existing Hive metastore, SerDes, and UDFs. It can connect to existing BI tools using JDBC/ODBC. + +### Data sources + +Big Data processing often needs the ability to process different file types and data sources (relational and non-relational). Spark SQL supports a unified DataFrame interface to process different types of sources, as given below. + +*Files:* + +* CSV +* Text +* JSON +* XML + +*JDBC/ODBC:* + +* MySQL +* Oracle +* Postgres + +*Files with schema:* + +* AVRO +* Parquet + +*Hive tables:* + +* Spark SQL also supports reading and writing data stored in Apache Hive. + +With DataFrame, users can seamlessly read these diversified data sources and do transformations/joins on them. + +### What’s new in Spark SQL 3.x + +In the previous releases (Spark 2.x), the query plans were based on heuristics rules and cost estimation. The process from parsing to logical and physical query planning, and finally to optimisation was sequential. These releases had little visibility into the runtime characteristics of transformations and actions. Hence, the query plan was suboptimal because of the following reasons: + +* Missing and outdated statistics +* Suboptimal heuristics +* Wrong estimation of costs + +Spark 3.x has enhanced this process by using runtime data for iteratively improving the query planning and optimisation. The runtime statistics of a prior stage are used to optimise the query plan for subsequent stages. There is a feedback loop that helps to re-plan and re-optimise the execution plan. + +![Figure 1: Query planning][2] + +#### Adaptive query execution (AQE) + +The query is changed to a logical plan and finally to a physical plan. The concept here is ‘reoptimisation’. It takes the data available during the prior stage and reoptimises for subsequent stages. Because of this, the overall query execution is much faster. + +AQE can be enabled by setting the SQL configuration, as given below (default false in Spark 3.0): + +``` +spark.conf.set(“spark.sql.adaptive.enabled”,true) +``` + +#### Dynamically coalescing shuffle partitions + +Spark determines the optimum number of partitions after a shuffle operation. With AQE, Spark uses the default number of partitions, which is 200. This can be enabled by the configuration: + +``` +spark.conf.set(“spark.sql.adaptive.coalescePartitions.enabled”,true) +``` + +#### Dynamically switching join strategies + +Broadcast Hash is the best join operation. If one of the data sets is small, Spark can dynamically switch to Broadcast join instead of shuffling large amounts of data across the network. + +#### Dynamically optimising skew joins + +If the data dispersion is not uniform, data will be skewed and there will be a few large partitions. These partitions take up a lot of time. Spark 3.x optimises this by splitting the large partitions into multiple small partitions. This can be enabled by setting: + +``` +spark.conf.set(“spark.sql.adaptive.skewJoin.enabled”,true) +``` + +![Figure 2: Performance improvement in Spark 3.x (Source: Databricks)][3] + +### Other enhancements + + +In addition, Spark SQL 3.x supports the following. + +#### Dynamic partition pruning + +3.x will only read the partitions that are relevant based on the values from one of the tables. This eliminates the need to parse the big tables. + +#### Join hints + +This allows users to specify the join strategy to be used if the user has knowledge of the data. This enhances the query execution process. + +#### ANSI SQL compliant + +In the earlier versions of Spark, which are Hive compliant, we could use certain keywords in the query which would work perfectly fine. However, this is not allowed in Spark SQL 3, which has full ANSI SQL support. For example, ‘cast a string to integer’ will throw runtime exception. It also supports reserved keywords. + +#### Newer Hadoop, Java and Scala versions + +From Spark 3.0 onwards, Java 11 and Scala 2.12 are supported. Java 11 has better native coordination and garbage correction, which results in better performance. Scala 2.12 exploits new features of Java 8 and is better than 2.11. + +Spark 3.x has provided these useful features off-the-shelf instead of developers worrying about them. This will improve the overall performance of Spark significantly. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/05/structured-data-processing-with-spark-sql/ + +作者：[Phani Kiran][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/phani-kiran/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Spark-SQL-Data-cluster.jpg +[2]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Figure-1-Query-planning.jpg +[3]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Figure-2-Performance-improvement-in-Spark-3.x-Source-Databricks.jpg From f735ea00aaf0f2b7058fd328496eb75a03ea1d09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 21:13:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 050/333] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=90=8D=E6=97=A5=E6=9C=9F=20&=20=E5=86=85=E5=AE=B9=E6=B8=85?= =?UTF-8?q?=E7=90=86?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...e Brings PolicyKit Support and Updates.md} | 69 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) rename sources/tech/{20100110 Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE) Latest Release Brings PolicyKit Support and Updates.md => 20220502 Trinity Desktop Environment -TDE- Latest Release Brings PolicyKit Support and Updates.md} (65%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20100110 Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE) Latest Release Brings PolicyKit Support and Updates.md b/sources/tech/20220502 Trinity Desktop Environment -TDE- Latest Release Brings PolicyKit Support and Updates.md similarity index 65% rename from sources/tech/20100110 Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE) Latest Release Brings PolicyKit Support and Updates.md rename to sources/tech/20220502 Trinity Desktop Environment -TDE- Latest Release Brings PolicyKit Support and Updates.md index 543f5bcb89..b0d8125554 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20100110 Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE) Latest Release Brings PolicyKit Support and Updates.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220502 Trinity Desktop Environment -TDE- Latest Release Brings PolicyKit Support and Updates.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE) Latest Release Brings PolicyKit Support and Updates" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tde-release-r14-0-12/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE) Latest Release Brings PolicyKit Support and Updates ====== -TRINITY DESKTOP ENVIRONMENT (TDE) BRINGS THE LATEST APPLICATION UPDATES, -BUG FIXES, AND ENHANCEMENTS TO ITS RELEASE TRINITY R14.0.12. +Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE) brings the latest application updates, bug fixes, and enhancements to its release Trinity R14.0.12. + Trinity Desktop Environment is a Fork of KDE version 3.5 and a continuation of feature updates and bug fixes by a small development team. This independent and standalone desktop project is still alive today for those who believe how excellent the KDE 3 desktop methodology is. Trinity Desktop Environment release R14.0.12 brings new applications, enhancements and significant bug fixes. @@ -33,66 +33,55 @@ Among all, other notable core bug fixes include a timeout fix in dbus service st Furthermore, following the other Linux distribution’s latest releases, TDE R14.0.12 introduces Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish support, dropped support for Debian Jessie and improvements for Gentoo. -All of these changes with some additional updates for developers who build applications for this KDE 3.5 tech can be found in the official changelog of TDE R14.0.12 on this [page][1]. +All of these changes with some additional updates for developers who build applications for this KDE 3.5 tech can be found in the official changelog of TDE R14.0.12 on this [page][4]. -Finally, you should be happy to know that Good ol’ Trinity Desktop Environment is available for all mainstream Linux Distribution for installation, including Ubuntu, Fedora, Arch Linux, etc. A list of installation instructions is available [here][4]. +Finally, you should be happy to know that Good ol’ Trinity Desktop Environment is available for all mainstream Linux Distribution for installation, including Ubuntu, Fedora, Arch Linux, etc. A list of installation instructions is available [here][5]. -As always, make sure to check out the official [contribution][5] page to help the dev team with your expertise and capacity. +#### Installing TDE in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS -_Via Release [announcement][1]_ +Open a terminal and run the following commands in sequence to install this desktop environment. Also, make sure to log off after completion and choose TDE from the login. While installing, the installer would prompt you to choose the display manager. Choose the option gdm (GNOME Display Manager). -* * * +``` +sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list +``` -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][6], [Twitter][7], [YouTube][8], and [Facebook][9] and never miss an update! +Add the following line and save the file. -#### Share this: +``` +deb http://mirror.ppa.trinitydesktop.org/trinity/deb/trinity-sb jammy deps-r14 main-r14deb-src http://mirror.ppa.trinitydesktop.org/trinity/deb/trinity-sb jammy deps-r14 main-r14 +``` - * [Twitter][10] +``` +wget http://mirror.ppa.trinitydesktop.org/trinity/deb/trinity-keyring.debsudo dpkg -i trinity-keyring.debsudo apt updatesudo apt install kubuntu-default-settings-trinity kubuntu-desktop-trinity +``` - * [Facebook][11] +### Video walkthrough of this release - * [Print][12] +Here’s a quick video we prepared for you of this release. Don’t forget to subscribe to us! - * [LinkedIn][13] +![Trinity Desktop Environment TDE R14 0 12 Walkthrough Video][6] - * [Reddit][14] - - * [Telegram][15] - - * [WhatsApp][16] - - * [Email][17] - - * +As always, make sure to check out the official [contribution][7] page to help the dev team with your expertise and capacity. +*Via Release announcement* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tde-release-r14-0-12/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://wiki.trinitydesktop.org/Release_Notes_For_R14.0.12 [2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-studio-22-04-lts/ -[3]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 -[4]: https://wiki.trinitydesktop.org/Category:Installation -[5]: https://www.trinitydesktop.org/helpwanted.php -[6]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[7]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[8]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[9]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint -[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tde-release-r14-0-12/?share=twitter (Click to share on Twitter) -[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tde-release-r14-0-12/?share=facebook (Click to share on Facebook) -[12]: tmp.NZ5pAosxsa#print (Click to print) -[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tde-release-r14-0-12/?share=linkedin (Click to share on LinkedIn) -[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tde-release-r14-0-12/?share=reddit (Click to share on Reddit) -[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tde-release-r14-0-12/?share=telegram (Click to share on Telegram) -[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tde-release-r14-0-12/?share=jetpack-whatsapp (Click to share on WhatsApp) -[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tde-release-r14-0-12/?share=email (Click to email this to a friend) +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Trinity-Desktop-Environment-TDE-release-R14.0.12.jpg +[4]: https://wiki.trinitydesktop.org/Release_Notes_For_R14.0.12 +[5]: https://wiki.trinitydesktop.org/Category:Installation +[6]: https://youtu.be/qoGylRyAJEo +[7]: https://www.trinitydesktop.org/helpwanted.php From 20073e752fa23d4b8e049e2266922804291e6a69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 16 May 2022 22:33:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 051/333] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=90=8D=E6=97=A5=E6=9C=9F=20&=20=E6=B8=85=E7=90=86=E5=86=85?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=AE=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...loading shared libraries- libalpm.so.12.md | 62 ++-- ...o Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md | 104 ++---- ...aximize Window Buttons in elementary OS.md | 37 +- ... How Do You Use It- [Beginner-s Guide].md} | 90 ++--- ...ish- - New Features and Release Details.md | 184 ---------- ...ish- – New Features and Release Details.md | 198 +++++++++++ ...sma Desktop Guide [A Beginner-s Manual].md | 177 ++++++++++ ...o Improve Your GNOME Experience -Part 3.md | 334 ------------------ ...asma Desktop Guide -A Beginner-s Manual.md | 179 ---------- ... Improve Your GNOME Experience [Part 3].md | 295 ++++++++++++++++ ...eview- A Perfect Privacy-Focused Linux.md} | 107 ++---- ...ra 36 That Makes it a Powerful Release.md} | 121 +++---- 12 files changed, 856 insertions(+), 1032 deletions(-) rename sources/tech/{20220111 What is KDE Connect- How Do You Use It- -Beginner-s Guide.md => 20220108 What is KDE Connect- How Do You Use It- [Beginner-s Guide].md} (76%) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220114 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS -Jammy Jellyfish- - New Features and Release Details.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220117 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS -Jammy Jellyfish- – New Features and Release Details.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220118 KDE Plasma Desktop Guide [A Beginner-s Manual].md delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220121 10 Great Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience -Part 3.md delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220121 KDE Plasma Desktop Guide -A Beginner-s Manual.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220123 10 Great Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience [Part 3].md rename sources/tech/{20210624 Tails 5 Review- A Perfect Privacy-Focused Linux.md => 20220506 Tails 5 Review- A Perfect Privacy-Focused Linux.md} (66%) rename sources/tech/{20210624 10 Best Features of Fedora 36 That Makes it a Powerful Release.md => 20220510 10 Best Features of Fedora 36 That Makes it a Powerful Release.md} (68%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210724 How to Fix yay- error while loading shared libraries- libalpm.so.12.md b/sources/tech/20210724 How to Fix yay- error while loading shared libraries- libalpm.so.12.md index 49cfea21b5..7808a3994d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210724 How to Fix yay- error while loading shared libraries- libalpm.so.12.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210724 How to Fix yay- error while loading shared libraries- libalpm.so.12.md @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ -[#]: subject: (How to Fix yay: error while loading shared libraries: libalpm.so.12) -[#]: via: (https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/yay-error-libalpm-so-12/) -[#]: author: (Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/) -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: "How to Fix yay: error while loading shared libraries: libalpm.so.12" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/yay-error-libalpm-so-12/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " How to Fix yay: error while loading shared libraries: libalpm.so.12 ====== -This quick guide is to help you to fix yay error – while loading shared -libraries: libalpm.so.12. -If you are running [Arch Linux][1] in a system for a longer time, things can break due to its rolling release nature combined with your hardware support. If you use the [AUR Helper Yay][2], then sometimes, yay can be corrupted due to several installations, upgrade of other packages. +This quick guide is to help you to fix yay error – while loading shared libraries: libalpm.so.12. -The YAY helper itself is very stable, but sometimes it gets messed up, and you can not do any installation using it until you fix it. And one of the nagging error is this: +If you are running [Arch Linux][1] in a system for longer, things can break due to its rolling release nature combined with your hardware support. If you use the AUR Helper Yay, then sometimes, yay can be corrupted due to several installations upgrades of other packages. + +The YAY helper is very stable, but sometimes it gets messed up, and you can not do any installation using it until you fix it. And one of the nagging errors is this: ``` yay: error while loading shared libraries: libalpm.so.12: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory @@ -21,21 +21,17 @@ yay: error while loading shared libraries: libalpm.so.12: cannot open shared obj This error particularly comes after upgrading to pacman 6.0 due to incompatibility of shared libraries. -![error while loading shared libraries – yay][3] +![error while loading shared libraries - yay][2] ### How to fix yay error – while loading shared libraries: libalpm.so.12 - * This error can only be fixed by uninstalling yay completely, including its dependencies. - * Then re-installing yay. - - - * There is no other way to solve this error. - - - * We already have a guide [how to install Yay][4], however, here are the steps to fix. - * Clone the yay repo from AUR and build. Run the following command in sequence from a terminal window. +* This error can only be fixed by uninstalling yay completely, including its dependencies. +* Then re-installing yay. +* There is no other way to solve this error. +* We already have a guide [how to install Yay][3], however, here are the steps to fix. +* Clone the yay repo from AUR and build. Run the following command in sequence from a terminal window. ``` cd /tmp @@ -46,32 +42,24 @@ cd ~ rm -rf /tmp/yay/ ``` -After installation, you can try running the command which gave you this error. And you should be all set. If you’re still having error, let me know in the comment box below. +After installation, you can try running the command which gave you this error. And you should be all set. If you still have this error, let me know in the comment box below. -Apparently, this has been encountered by many people and [several discussions][5] happened across web. Above is the only solution to this error. And I could not find exact root cause of the problem anywhere except it starts after pacman 6.0 update. - -[][6] - -SEE ALSO:   How to Install Java in Arch Linux and Manjaro - -* * * +Many people have encountered this, and [several discussions][4] happened across the web. Above is the only solution to this error. And I could not find the exact root cause of the problem anywhere except it started after pacman 6.0 update. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/yay-error-libalpm-so-12/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://archlinux.org/ -[2]: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/yay/ -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/error-while-loading-shared-libraries-yay.jpg -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-yay-arch/ -[5]: https://github.com/Jguer/yay/issues/1519 -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/02/install-java-arch/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/error-while-loading-shared-libraries-yay.jpg +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-yay-arch/ +[4]: https://github.com/Jguer/yay/issues/1519 diff --git a/sources/tech/20210725 How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md b/sources/tech/20210725 How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md index 66497c1592..bf684b6e08 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210725 How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210725 How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ -[#]: subject: (How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot) -[#]: via: (https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/recover-arch-linux/) -[#]: author: (Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/) -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: "How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/recover-arch-linux/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot ====== -This quick guide explains some of the steps which may come in handy to -recover an Arch Linux Install. +This quick guide explains some of the steps which may come in handy to recover an Arch Linux Install. + Being a rolling release, sometimes things breaks in [Arch Linux][1]. Not because of your own actions, but hundreds of other reasons such as new Kernel vs your hardware, or software compatibility. But still, Arch Linux is still better and provides the latest packages and applications. But sometimes, it gives you trouble and you end up with a blinking cursor and nothing else. @@ -19,126 +19,100 @@ So, in those scenarios, instead of re-formatting or reinstalling, you may want t ### Recover Arch Linux Installation - * First step is to **create a bootable LIVE USB** with Arch Linux. Download the .ISO from this link and create a bootable .ISO. You can check out this guide on [how to create bootable .ISO using Etcher][2]. Remember this step require another working stable system obviously as your current system is not usable. - - +* First step is to create a bootable LIVE USB with Arch Linux. Download the .ISO from this link and create a bootable .ISO. You can check out this guide on [how to create bootable .ISO using Etcher][2]. Remember this step require another working stable system obviously as your current system is not usable. [download arch linux][3] - * You need to know on **which partition your Arch Linux** is installed. This is a very important step. If you don’t know, you can use GParted to find out. Or check in your Grub menu, Or you can run the below command to find out. This will list all of your disk partitions with their size, labels. - - +* You need to know on which partition your Arch Linux is installed. This is a very important step. If you don’t know, you can use GParted to find out. Or check in your Grub menu, Or you can run the below command to find out. This will list all of your disk partitions with their size, labels. ``` sudo lsblk -o name,mountpoint,label,size,uuid ``` - * Once done, plug-in the USB stick and boot from it. And you should see the Arch Linux prompt in the LIVE medium. - - - * Now, mount to the Arch Linux partition using below. Change the `/dev/sda3` to your respective partition. - +* Once done, plug-in the USB stick and boot from it. And you should see the Arch Linux prompt in the LIVE medium. +* Now, mount to the Arch Linux partition using below. Change the /dev/sda3 to your respective partition. ``` -mount /dev/sda3 /mnt -arch-chroot /mnt +/dev/sda3 ``` - * The arch-chroot command will mount your Arch Linux partition in the terminal, so login using your Arch credentials. Now, at this stage, you have the following options, based on what you want. +``` +mount /dev/sda3 /mntarch-chroot /mnt +``` +* The arch-chroot command will mount your Arch Linux partition in the terminal, so login using your Arch credentials. Now, at this stage, you have the following options, based on what you want. - * You can take backups of your data by going through /home folders. In case, troubleshooter doesn’t work. You may copy the files to external USB or another partition. - - - * Verify the log files, specially the **pacman logs**. Because, unstable system may be caused by upgrading some packages such graphics driver or any other driver. Based on the log, you may want to downgrade any specific package if you want. - * You may use the below command to view last 200 lines of the pacman log file to find out any failing items or dependency removal. - +* You can take backups of your data by going through /home folders. In case, troubleshooter doesn’t work. You may copy the files to external USB or another partition. +* Verify the log files, specially the pacman logs. Because, unstable system may be caused by upgrading some packages such graphics driver or any other driver. Based on the log, you may want to downgrade any specific package if you want. +* You may use the below command to view last 200 lines of the pacman log file to find out any failing items or dependency removal. ``` tail -n 200 /var/log/pacman.log | less ``` - * The above command gives you the 200 lines from the end of the pacman.log file to verify. Now, carefully check which of the packages were updates since your successful boot. - - - * And note down the package name and version somewhere. And you may try to downgrade packages one-by-one or if you think a specific package created a problem. Use the -U switch of pacman command to downgrade. - +* The above command gives you the 200 lines from the end of the pacman.log file to verify. Now, carefully check which of the packages were updates since your successful boot. +* And note down the package name and version somewhere. And you may try to downgrade packages one-by-one or if you think a specific package created a problem. Use the -U switch of pacman command to downgrade. ``` pacman -U ``` - * You can run the following to start your Arch system after downgrading, if any. - - +* You can run the following to start your Arch system after downgrading, if any. ``` exec /sbin/init ``` - * Check the status of your display manager, whether if there are any errors. Sometimes, display manager creates a problem which can’t communicate with X Server. For example, if you are using lightdm, then you can check its status via below. - - +* Check the status of your display manager, whether if there are any errors. Sometimes, display manager creates a problem which can’t communicate with X Server. For example, if you are using lightdm, then you can check its status via below. ``` systemctl status lightdm ``` - * Or, may want to start it via below command and check what is the error. - - +* Or, may want to start it via below command and check what is the error. ``` lightdm --test-mode --debug ``` - * Here is an example of lightdm failure which caused an unstable Arch system. +* Here is an example of lightdm failure which caused an unstable Arch system. +![lightdm - test mode][4] +* Or check via kicking off the X server using startx. -![lightdm – test mode][4] +``` +startx +``` - * Or check via kicking off the X server using `startx`. +* In my experience, if you see errors in the above command, try to install another display manager such as sddm and enable it. It may eliminate the error. - - * In my experience, if you see errors in the above command, try to install another display manager such as **sddm** and enable it. It may eliminate the error. - - - * Try the above steps, based on the state of your system, and troubleshoot. For errors specific to display manager lightdm, we have a [guide][5] which you may want to check out. - * If you are using sddm, then check out [these troubleshooting steps][6] if something works. - - - -[][7] - -SEE ALSO:   Essential Pacman Commands for Arch Linux [With Examples] +* Try the above steps, based on the state of your system, and troubleshoot. For errors specific to display manager lightdm, we have a [guide][5] which you may want to check out. +* If you are using sddm, then check out [these troubleshooting steps][6] if something works. ### Closing Notes Every installation is different. And above steps may/may not work for you. But it is worth a try and as per experience, it works. If it works, well, good for you. Either way, do let me know in the comment box below, how it goes. -* * * - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/recover-arch-linux/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/arch-linux [2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/etcher-bootable-usb-linux/ [3]: https://archlinux.org/download/ -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/lightdm-test-mode.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/lightdm-test-mode.jpg [5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/03/failed-to-start-lightdm/ [6]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/SDDM#Troubleshooting -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/02/pacman-command-arch-examples/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20210809 How to Enable Minimize, Maximize Window Buttons in elementary OS.md b/sources/tech/20210809 How to Enable Minimize, Maximize Window Buttons in elementary OS.md index b4a8a8453f..8e10260309 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210809 How to Enable Minimize, Maximize Window Buttons in elementary OS.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210809 How to Enable Minimize, Maximize Window Buttons in elementary OS.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "How to Enable Minimize, Maximize Window Buttons in elementary OS" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/08/enable-minimize-maximize-elementary/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,15 +9,13 @@ How to Enable Minimize, Maximize Window Buttons in elementary OS ====== -This is how you can enable the Minimize, Maximize window buttons in -elementary OS. +This is how you can enable the Minimize, Maximize window buttons in elementary OS. + Many people (mostly new users to elementary OS) asks these questions in various forums: - 1. How do I enable minimize buttons in elementary OS? - 2. How to I enable restore, minimize, maximize? - 3. Is it possible to bring back the minimize and maximize buttons? - - +1. How do I enable minimize buttons in elementary OS? +2. How to I enable restore, minimize, maximize? +3. Is it possible to bring back the minimize and maximize buttons? And they are completely valid questions, and It’s okay to ask questions. Right? This guide to help them to get those buttons in elementary OS. @@ -55,18 +53,13 @@ sudo apt install -y elementary-tweaks #### Change the settings - * After installation, click on the Application at the top bar and open System Settings. -In the **System settings** window, click on **Tweaks** under Personal section. - * In the Tweaks window, go to **Appearance** section. - * Under **Window** Controls, select **Layout: Windows**. - - +* After installation, click on the Application at the top bar and open System Settings.In the System settings window, click on Tweaks under Personal section. +* In the Tweaks window, go to Appearance section. +* Under Window Controls, select Layout: Windows. ![enable minimize maximize buttons elementary OS][3] - * And you should have the minimized, maximize and close button on the right side of the top window bar. - - +* And you should have the minimized, maximize and close button on the right side of the top window bar. There are other combinations as well, such as Ubuntu, macOS, etc. You can choose whatever you feel like: @@ -76,22 +69,20 @@ This step completes the guide. There are other options in gsettings which you ma I hope this guide helps you to enable minimize maximize buttons elementary OS. Let me know in the comment box below if you need any help. -* * * - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/08/enable-minimize-maximize-elementary/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://github.com/pantheon-tweaks/pantheon-tweaks [2]: https://github.com/elementary-tweaks/elementary-tweaks -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/enable-minimize-maximize-buttons-elementary-OS-1024x501.png -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Other-Options-of-Window-buttons-in-elementary.jpg +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/enable-minimize-maximize-buttons-elementary-OS.png +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Other-Options-of-Window-buttons-in-elementary.jpg diff --git a/sources/tech/20220111 What is KDE Connect- How Do You Use It- -Beginner-s Guide.md b/sources/tech/20220108 What is KDE Connect- How Do You Use It- [Beginner-s Guide].md similarity index 76% rename from sources/tech/20220111 What is KDE Connect- How Do You Use It- -Beginner-s Guide.md rename to sources/tech/20220108 What is KDE Connect- How Do You Use It- [Beginner-s Guide].md index a73a1b8ec1..e8bba64799 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220111 What is KDE Connect- How Do You Use It- -Beginner-s Guide.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220108 What is KDE Connect- How Do You Use It- [Beginner-s Guide].md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "What is KDE Connect? How Do You Use It? [Beginner’s Guide]" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/kde-connect-guide/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ What is KDE Connect? How Do You Use It? [Beginner’s Guide] ====== -IN THIS ARTICLE, WE EXPLAIN WHAT IS KDE CONNECT, ITS MAIN FEATURES, -BASIC USAGE GUIDE AND INSTALLATION STEPS. +In this article, we explain what is KDE Connect, its main features, basic usage guide and installation steps. + The technology evolving at a rapid space. That includes the software, hardware and different form factor devices. The future is all about seamless integration and workflow across different devices. Every day, we are moving a little closer to a state where you send and receive data across all connected devices. And KDE Connect application is a flag bearer on the Linux desktop systems. ### What is KDE Connect? @@ -34,25 +34,19 @@ KDE Connect set up is a two-way process. You have to install KDE Connect in your Installing KDE Connect in your Linux Distribution is easy. It is available in all major Linux distribution’s official repo. If you are using Ubuntu, and want a terminal way of installing, run below. ``` - - sudo apt install kdeconnect - +sudo apt install kdeconnect ``` For Fedora ``` - - sudo dnf install kdeconnect - +sudo dnf install kdeconnect ``` For [Arch Linux][2] ``` - - pacman -S kdeconnect - +pacman -S kdeconnect ``` Or, you can search in Software and hit install. @@ -67,7 +61,7 @@ Search for KDE Connect in Google Play Store and hit install to install it in you If you are using a Free/Libre version of Android, you can get it via f-droid store using the below link (Thanks to our readers for this tip). - +[https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.kde.kdeconnect_tp/][5] ### Setting Up KDE Connect @@ -75,53 +69,45 @@ KDE Connect helps to connect devices that are in the same network. So, make sure Now open the KDE Connect App in your mobile phone. You should see the name of your Linux Systems. If you do not see anything, make sure your device and Linux both are connected in same network and hit Refresh. -![KDE Connect in Android Device showing connected Linux System][5] +![KDE Connect in Android Device showing connected Linux System][6] Open the KDE Connect in Linux and you should see your mobile phone entry as shown in the below image. -![KDE Connect before pairing][6] +![KDE Connect before pairing][7] -Now, click on the name of your mobile phone and hit . Once you do that, immediately you get a notification in your mobile phone for Pairing Accept or Reject. Tap on Accept. +Now, click on the name of your mobile phone and hit **Pair**. Once you do that, immediately you get a notification in your mobile phone for Pairing Accept or Reject. Tap on Accept. -![Pairing Request for KDE Connect][7] +![Pairing Request for KDE Connect][8] The icon of your Phone should turn GREEN, and it shows that your mobile phone and Linux system both are connected and paired. -![KDE Connect after successful pairing][8] +![KDE Connect after successful pairing][9] By default, the app grants you the below permissions – - * Multimedia control - * Remote Input - * Presentation Remote - * Finding Device - * Sharing Files - - - -[][9] - -SEE ALSO:   KDE Connect Arrives for iPhone, At last. Here’s How to Try. +* Multimedia control +* Remote Input +* Presentation Remote +* Finding Device +* Sharing Files And the following features required explicit permission in your Android device, which you need to grant them manually. Because they are little privacy centric. - * SMS sending and receiving - * Media Player Control - * Receive Keystrokes from Computer to Mobile Phone - * Notification Sync - * Telephone Notifier - * Contact Sync - * Mouse Receiver - - +* SMS sending and receiving +* Media Player Control +* Receive Keystrokes from Computer to Mobile Phone +* Notification Sync +* Telephone Notifier +* Contact Sync +* Mouse Receiver For all these, you have to tap on the option and grant access in Android phone. Then you will be able to enjoy these services in Linux device. ### Example – Notification Sync -I will show you one example where Notification Sync option is enabled. Open the app in your Android phone, go to the section. Tap on **Notification Sync** and take option **Open Settings**. +I will show you one example where Notification Sync option is enabled. Open the app in your Android phone, go to the **Connected Device** section. Tap on **Notification Sync** and take option **Open Settings**. -Enable Notification access against and tap on **Allow**. +Enable Notification access against **KDE Connect** and tap on **Allow**. ![Enabling Notification Sync][10] @@ -141,38 +127,28 @@ I hope this guide helps you to set up KDE Connect in your Linux system and mobil What do you think about KDE Connect? Let me know in the comment box below. -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][13], [Twitter][14], [YouTube][15], and [Facebook][16] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/kde-connect-guide/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://kdeconnect.kde.org/ [2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/arch-linux [3]: https://kdeconnect.kde.org/download.html [4]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kde.kdeconnect_tp&hl=en_IN&gl=US -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/KDE-Connect-in-Android-Device-showing-connected-Linux-System-1024x656.jpg -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/KDE-Connect-before-pairing-1024x368.jpg -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Pairing-Request-for-KDE-Connect-1024x917.jpg -[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/KDE-Connect-after-successful-pairing-1024x249.jpg -[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/10/kde-connect-iphone/ +[5]: https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.kde.kdeconnect_tp/ +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/KDE-Connect-in-Android-Device-showing-connected-Linux-System-1024x656.jpg +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/KDE-Connect-before-pairing-1024x368.jpg +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Pairing-Request-for-KDE-Connect-1024x917.jpg +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/KDE-Connect-after-successful-pairing-1024x249.jpg [10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Enabling-Notification-Sync-1024x718.jpg [11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Sample-Notification-in-Mobile-Phone-914x1024.jpg [12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Sample-Notification-in-KDE-Connect-from-Mobile-Phone.jpg -[13]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[14]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[15]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[16]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220114 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS -Jammy Jellyfish- - New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/tech/20220114 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS -Jammy Jellyfish- - New Features and Release Details.md deleted file mode 100644 index a65ed67057..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220114 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS -Jammy Jellyfish- - New Features and Release Details.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,184 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Ubuntu 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish” – New Features and Release Details" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Ubuntu 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish” – New Features and Release Details -====== -IT’S TIME TO UNWRAP THE NEW FEATURES OF UBUNTU 22.04 LTS “JAMMY -JELLYFISH”. WE GIVE YOU ALL THE RELEVANT INFORMATION, AND YOU STAY UP TO -DATE UNTIL THE FINAL RELEASE. -The Ubuntu LTS releases are rare, and they are significant because they set the course for the next five years for everyone – from you/me to the enterprises who run thousands of machines/virtual systems with Ubuntu. - -The upcoming Ubuntu 22.04 LTS code named Jammy Jellyfish is shaping up to be another big LTS release, although there will be misses in terms of the latest tech and packages. - -As of first writing this post, we have some idea about the new features, updates and enhancements from several official/unofficial sources. And we intend to give you a summary of those while keeping this post updated until the final release so that you get a single source of all the information about Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. - -Let’s take a look at the official schedule. - -### Ubuntu 22.04 LTS – Release Schedule - -Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish releases on April 21, 2022. Before that, the Ubuntu team should meet the following milestones. - - * February 24, 2022: **Feature Freeze** - * March 17, 2022: **UI Freeze** - * March 31, 2022: **Beta Release** - * April 21, 2022: **Final Release** - - - -This release is supported until April 2027. - -![Ubuntu 22.04 LTS \(daily build\) Desktop][1] - -### Ubuntu 22.04 – New Features - -#### Kernel - -Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS will be the initial Kernel for this long term Ubuntu release. Released around Halloween 2021 last year, Linux Kernel 5.15 brings several essential improvements. Usual new driver and hardware updates across processor, GPU, network, file system families. This Kernel also brings the fast NTFS3 driver from Paragon Software, mainlined in this version. Other notable benefits of this Kernel are Apple M1 SOC support, in-Kernel SMB driver, Realtech Wi-Fi driver support for RTL8188EU chipset, etc. You can read the details about what this Kernel has to offer in our [Linux Kernel 5.15 coverage][2]. - -#### GNOME Desktop Version - -There is still discussion on the base version of GNOME in this LTS release. However, it is confirmed that [GNOME 42][3] will be the default gnome-shell version. - -But there is a catch. - -You must have heard that GNOME 42 is bringing an updated version of GTK4 applications with libadwaita library-port for those apps. The Ubuntu desktop team plans for GNOME 42, but the default installed applications remain based on GTK3. A sensible decision from the desktop team, in my opinion. Because moving to GNOME 42 + GTK4 + libadwaita ports – all of these requires a lot of regression tests. Not to mention the risk of breaking things here and there. This is too much of an overhead for LTS release, a default choice for most of the user base and arguably the most downloaded/upgraded version. - -Now, Ubuntu already has a dark theme in its settings. GNOME 42 also brings system-wide dark style preference, which the applications can adapt automatically. How both these pans out – is still under discussion at the moment. - -#### Look and Feel - -On the look-n-feel side, there is a change in the Yaru GTK theme base colour, which is the default theme for Ubuntu. The usual Purple accent colour is changing to Orange. Now, be cautious that it may feel like staggering orange shades. Look at this screenshot. - -![Is this too Orange-y?][4] - -#### New Installer - -The default installer of Ubuntu hasn’t changed much since, like, forever. So, with that in mind, the team was working on the new Flutter based installer to replace the old one. Now, it has been in the works for the last couple of months and hasn’t made it to the final release. - -![New Flutter based Ubuntu Installer][5] - -Hopefully, the new installer can make it to this LTS release. But it is still not arrived in daily-build. And when I tried this in Canary .ISO – it crashed even before installing. Let’s keep the finger crossed, and we hope to see it in action in the final release. - -[][6] - -SEE ALSO:   Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Daily Builds Are Now Available - -#### Packages and Application Updates - -Besides the above changes, core packages default applications bring their latest stable version. Here’s a quick list. - - * Python 3.10 - * Php8.1 - * Ruby 3.0 - * Thunderbird 91.5 - * Firefox 96.0 - * LibreOffice 7.2.5 - * PulseAudio 15.0 - * NetworkManager 1.32 - - - -And the new Yaru icon theme in LibreOffice looks stunning, though. - -![Yaru Icon Theme for LibreOffice looks stunning with Orange color][7] - -#### Updating from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS? - -In general, if you plan to switch to this LTS version from Ubuntu 21.10, you should notice a few items of change. But if you are planning to upgrade from prior Ubuntu 20.04 LTS – then a lot for you to experience. For example, you get a horizontal workspace horizontal app launcher, those introduced since [GNOME 40][8]. - -Also, other notable differences or rather new features are the power profiles menu in the top bar, multitasking option in settings and performance improvements of GNOME Shell and Mutter. - -#### Ubuntu Official Flavors - -Alongside the base version, the official Ubuntu flavours are getting their latest versions of their respective desktop environments in this LTS version. Apart from KDE Plasma, most desktops remained with their last stable release for more than a year. So, you may not experience much of a difference. - -Here’s a quick summary: - - * Kubuntu 22.04 with [KDE Plasma 5.24][9] - * Xubuntu 22.04 with [Xfce 4.16][10] - * Lubuntu 22.04 with [LxQt 1.0][11] - * Ubuntu Budgie with Budgie version 10.5.3 - * Ubuntu Mate with MATE 1.26 - - - -### Download - -This version of Ubuntu is under development at the moment. If you want to give it for a quick spin in your favourite VM, then grab the daily build copy .ISO from the below link. - -Remember, this copy may be unstable and contain bugs. So, you have been warned. - -[Download Ubuntu 22.04 – daily build][12] - -If you want a super-unstable copy of Canary Build, you can get it from the below link. I would not recommend using this Canary .ISO at all unless you have plenty of time to play. Oh, so that you know, this Canary copy .ISO have the new Flutter-based installer. Although I tried to use this new installer, it crashes every time. - -[Daily Canary Build iso][13] - -#### Download the Flavors - -If you want to try out the official Ubuntu flavours as daily build copy, you can get them via the below links. - - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - - - -### Closing Notes - -The LTS releases are conservative in new tech adaptation and other long term impacts. Many organizations and businesses opt for LTS for more than five years of support window and stability. Stability is more important than new technology when running thousands of machines critical to your company. So, that said, many new features or packages may not make it to the final release, but eventually, this release set the course for the next LTS. One step at a time. - -So, what is the feature or package you are expecting in Ubuntu 22.04 and hoping for it? Let me know in the comment section below. - -_References_ - -_ - -_ - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][14], [Twitter][15], [YouTube][16], and [Facebook][17] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Ubuntu-22.04-LTS-daily-build-Desktop-1024x578.jpg -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-kernel-5-15/ -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/gnome-42/ -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Is-this-too-Orange-y.jpg -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/New-Flutter-based-Ubuntu-Installer.jpg -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/10/ubuntu-22-04-daily-builds/ -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Yaru-Icon-Theme-for-LibreOffice-looks-stunning-with-Orange-color-1024x226.jpg -[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/03/gnome-40-release/ -[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/kde-plasma-5-24/ -[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/02/xfce-4-16-review/ -[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/lxqt-1-0-release/ -[12]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/ -[13]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-canary/current/ -[14]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[15]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[16]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[17]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220117 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS -Jammy Jellyfish- – New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/tech/20220117 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS -Jammy Jellyfish- – New Features and Release Details.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..070e5a0b06 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220117 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS -Jammy Jellyfish- – New Features and Release Details.md @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +[#]: subject: "Ubuntu 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish” – New Features and Release Details" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Ubuntu 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish” – New Features and Release Details +====== +This article contains details about new features of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish”. We give you all the relevant information to keep you up to date. + +The Ubuntu LTS releases are rare, and they are significant because they set the course for the next five years for everyone – from you/to me to the enterprises who run thousands of machines/virtual systems with Ubuntu. + +From the feature standpoint, you get GNOME 42, Linux Kernel 5.15, new Accent colour, updated applications and many intrinsic features that make it another historic LTS release of Ubuntu. We intend to give you a summary of those features while keeping this post updated until the final release so that you get a single source of all the information about Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. + +Let’s take a look at the official schedule. + +### Ubuntu 22.04 LTS – Release Schedule + +Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish releases on April 21, 2022. Before that, the Ubuntu team should meet the following milestones. + +* February 24, 2022: Feature Freeze +* March 17, 2022: UI Freeze +* March 31, 2022: Beta Release +* April 21, 2022: Final Release + +This release is supported until April 2027. + +![Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (daily build) Desktop-2][1] + +### Ubuntu 22.04 – New Features + +#### Kernel + +Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS will be the initial Kernel for this long term Ubuntu release. Released around Halloween 2021 last year, Linux Kernel 5.15 brings several essential improvements. Usual new driver and hardware updates across processor, GPU, network, and file system families. This Kernel also brings the fast NTFS3 driver from Paragon Software, mainlined in this version. Other notable benefits of this Kernel are Apple M1 SOC support, in-Kernel SMB driver, Realtech Wi-Fi driver support for RTL8188EU chipset, etc. You can read the details about what this Kernel has to offer in our [Linux Kernel 5.15 coverage][2]. + +#### GNOME Desktop Version + +There is still discussion on the base version of GNOME in this LTS release. However, it is confirmed that [GNOME 42][3] will be the default gnome-shell version. + +But there is a catch. + +You must have heard that GNOME 42 is bringing an updated version of GTK4 applications with libadwaita library-port for those apps. The Ubuntu desktop team plans for GNOME 42, but the default installed applications remain based on GTK3. A sensible decision from the desktop team, in my opinion. Because moving to GNOME 42 + GTK4 + libadwaita ports – all these require a lot of regression tests. Not to mention the risk of breaking things here and there. This is too much of an overhead for the LTS release, a default choice for most of the user base and arguably the most downloaded/upgraded version. + +#### Look and Feel + +On the look-n-feel side, there is a change in the Yaru GTK theme base colour, which is the default theme for Ubuntu. The usual Purple accent colour is changing to Orange. Now, be cautious that it may feel like staggering orange shades. Look at this screenshot. + +![Is this too Orange-y?][4] + +#### New Accent Color + +Jammy Jellyfish brings the accent colour for the first time on the Ubuntu desktop. It applies to both light and dark themes. This feature is accessible via the Appearance section. + +![Ubuntu 22.04 LTS – Accent Color][5] + +#### New logo and Plymouth + +Canonical – the company behind Ubuntu announced to change its official logo after a decade from this release onwards. The new logo is more simple with a large vertical rectangle variant. It is displayed in the boot animation alongside all application places. + +![New Ubuntu logo and plymouth][6] + +#### New default wallpaper + +Following the tradition, this version features a nice and classy default wallpaper that depicts the official Jellyfish mascot. + +![Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish default wallpaper][7] + +#### Packages and Application Updates + +Besides the above changes, core packages default applications bring their latest stable version. Here’s a quick list. + +* Python 3.10 +* Php8.1 +* Ruby 3.0 +* Thunderbird 91.5 +* Firefox 96.0 +* LibreOffice 7.2.5 +* PulseAudio 15.0 +* NetworkManager 1.32 + +And the new Yaru icon theme in LibreOffice looks stunning, though. + +![Yaru Icon Theme for LibreOffice looks stunning with Orange color][8] + +#### Updating from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS? + +In general, if you plan to switch to this LTS version from Ubuntu 21.10, you should notice a few items of change. But if you are planning to upgrade from prior Ubuntu 20.04 LTS – then a lot for you to experience. For example, you get a horizontal workspace horizontal app launcher, those introduced since [GNOME 40][9]. + +Also, other notable differences or rather new features are the power profiles menu in the top bar, multitasking option in settings and performance improvements of GNOME Shell and Mutter. + +Looking at the upgrade challenges, we published a dedicated LTS to LTS spotter guide for you. Read it here. + +[Difference Between Ubuntu 22.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS][10] + +#### Ubuntu Official Flavors + +Alongside the base version, the official Ubuntu flavours are getting their latest versions of their respective desktop environments in this LTS version. Apart from KDE Plasma, most desktops remained with their last stable release for more than a year. So, you may not experience much of a difference. + +Here’s a quick summary and more information about the flavours. + +* [Kubuntu 22.04 with KDE Plasma 5.24][11] +* [Xubuntu 22.04 with Xfce 4.16][12] +* [Lubuntu 22.04 with LXQt 1.0][13] +* [Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 with Budgie version 10.5.3][14] +* [Ubuntu Mate 22.04 with MATE 1.26][15] +* [Ubuntu Studio 22.04][16] +* [Ubuntu Kylin 22.04][17] + +### Download + +If you are planning to upgrade, refer to our upgrade steps [here][18]. + +#### Latest ISO + +Ubuntu 22.04 LTS released on April 21, 2022. The latest ISO is available in the below link. + +[Download Ubuntu 22.04 LTS ISO][19] + +#### Download the Flavors (Latest) + +If you want to try out the official Ubuntu flavours, you can get them via the below links. + +* [https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/releases/jammy/][20] +* [https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/jammy/][21] +* [https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/jammy/][22] +* [https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-mate/releases/jammy/][23] +* [https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-budgie/releases/jammy/][24] +* [https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntukylin/releases/jammy/][25] +* [https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntustudio/releases/jammy/][26] + +#### Daily Build and Canary [Obsolete] + +This version of Ubuntu is under development at the moment. If you want to give it a quick spin in your favourite VM, then grab the daily build copy .ISO from the below link. + +Remember, this copy may be unstable and contain bugs. So, you have been warned. + +[Download Ubuntu 22.04 – daily build][27] + +If you want a super-unstable copy of Canary Build, you can get it from the below link. I would not recommend using this Canary .ISO at all unless you have plenty of time to play. Oh, so that you know, this Canary copy .ISO have the new Flutter-based installer. Although I tried to use this new installer, it crashes every time. + +[Daily Canary Build iso][28] + +### Closing Notes + +The LTS releases are conservative in new tech adaptation and other long term impacts. Many organizations and businesses opt for LTS for more than five years of support window and stability. Stability is more important than new technology when running thousands of machines critical to your company. So, that said, many new features or packages could not make it to the final release, but eventually, this release set the course for the next LTS. One step at a time. + +So, what feature or package is interesting for you in Ubuntu 22.04? Let me know in the comment section below. + +*References:* + +* https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/jammy-jellyfish-release-schedule/23906 +* https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/jammy-jellyfish-release-notes/24668 +* https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/ubuntu-desktop-gnome-plans-for-the-incoming-lts/26156 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Ubuntu-22.04-LTS-daily-build-Desktop-2.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-kernel-5-15/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/gnome-42/ +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Is-this-too-Orange-y.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Ubuntu-22.04-LTS-Accent-Color.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/New-Ubuntu-logo-and-playmouth.jpg +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Ubuntu-22.04-LTS-Jammy-Jellyfish-default-wallpaper.jpg +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Yaru-Icon-Theme-for-LibreOffice-looks-stunning-with-Orange-color-1024x226.jpg +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/03/gnome-40-release/ +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/difference-ubuntu-22-04-20-04/ +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/xubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/lubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-lts/ +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-mate-22-04-lts/ +[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-studio-22-04-lts/ +[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-kylin-22-04-lts/ +[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-from-20-04/ +[19]: https://releases.ubuntu.com/jammy/ +[20]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/releases/jammy/release/ +[21]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/jammy/release +[22]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/jammy/release/ +[23]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-mate/releases/jammy/release/ +[24]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-budgie/releases/jammy/release/ +[25]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntukylin/releases/jammy/release/ +[26]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntustudio/releases/jammy/release/ +[27]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/ +[28]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-canary/current/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20220118 KDE Plasma Desktop Guide [A Beginner-s Manual].md b/sources/tech/20220118 KDE Plasma Desktop Guide [A Beginner-s Manual].md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b9fede8842 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220118 KDE Plasma Desktop Guide [A Beginner-s Manual].md @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ +[#]: subject: "KDE Plasma Desktop Guide [A Beginner’s Manual]" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/kde-plasma-guide/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +KDE Plasma Desktop Guide [A Beginner’s Manual] +====== +This comprehensive article gives you a getting started guide with KDE Plasma desktop. + +KDE Plasma is the most popular and widely used Linux desktop today. If you plan to switch to Linux from Windows, this is a perfect desktop to start with. If you are a student – planning to start your Linux journey with KDE Plasma desktop, you are at the right place. + +This overview article gives you easy-to-understand pointers on using the KDE Plasma desktop while referring to the basic functionalities and activities. This guide is heavily inclined to the absolute new users starting their Linux Journey with KDE Plasma desktop. Furthermore, we explained most of the topics via the GUI method to help the newbies. + +Let’s begin. + +![Kubnutu 21.04 running with KDE Plasma 5.22][1] + +### KDE Plasma Desktop – Beginner’s Guide + +#### Installation of Kubuntu with KDE Plasma as Dual Boot + +KDE Plasma desktop is available with Kubuntu, Fedora Linux, and other Linux distributions. So, to install KDE Plasma Desktop on your computer, you need to download a Linux Distribution. + +I would recommend trying Kubuntu or Fedora Linux KDE Edition for a beginner. Link for downloading those, present below. I believe Kubuntu LTS editions are perfect and stable for new users. + +[Download Kubuntu][2] + +[Download Fedora KDE Edition][3] + +The installation is not part of this article. However, if you are using Windows, you can install using [this guide][4] as a dual boot. If you have a spare Laptop or desktop, you can create a bootable USB stick via [this nice tutorial][5]and boot from it. + +Then follow the on-screen instructions to install Linux with KDE Plasma desktop. + +#### Desktop Overview + +When you first experience the KDE Plasma desktop, you should see a nice desktop with a default bottom panel which includes a standard shortcut of primary applications and a system tray. This desktop follows the traditional menu-driven user interface principles, which requires little to no learning for people migrating from Windows. You do not need to learn tweaks, gestures, or other special features to start using this. + +![KDE Plasma Desktop Showing Basic Items][6] + +The Application Menu can be launched from the very left icon of the Panel. The icon might be different for Ubuntu or Fedora. But you get the idea. + +On the right-click context menu of the desktop, you have all the necessary actions, such as changing wallpaper, settings. They are pretty self-explanatory. + +The Application menu gives you all the necessary application names to start your work on this desktop. If you don’t know which application is needed to perform a specific task, you can find out by typing some text in the search bar. + +#### Connecting to Internet + +Perhaps the most important first task is to connect to the internet. If you have Wi-Fi zones, you can easily find that out from the icon in the system tray. Then click on the name of the connection, enter the password. And you should be connected. + +![KDE Plasma System Tray Showing Wi-Fi Networks][7] + +If you want to configure more, you can search System Settings in Application Launch and open it. Then under Connections, you can further configure your Wi-Fi or wired network. + +#### How to change the look and feel – wallpaper, themes, etc.? + +Obviously, you may need to change the default wallpaper, themes, and colours – right? Changing those are super easy in KDE Plasma. Hit the Application menu, open System Settings. The default first page should allow you to change the wallpaper, as outlined in the below image. + +You can select your favourite one and press Ok. You can also choose any other image using the Add Image button at the bottom. + +![Changing Wallpaper is Easy in KDE Plasma Desktop][8] + +#### How to update your system and install/uninstall software? + +The KDE Plasma desktop has a utility called Discover to manage the installation and removal of software in your system. It supports almost all popular package management formats – apt, dnf, Flatpak, Snap and AppImage. To open this application, search for Discover in Application Menu. + +The user interface of Discover is straightforward to grasp for novice users. + +![Discover Showing Various Options][9] + +On the left side, you have options to view the installed application from the “Installed” button. The “Updates” button gives you details about the update available in your system. Usually, Discover checks automatically for updates. However, you can still force check updates using the “Check for Updates” button. + +And when you hit the “Update All” button, Discover downloads and applies those updates. No further action is required from your end. + +Furthermore, the search button at the top left corner gives you the option to find any application you want for installation. It searches the application in your software sources defined. The software sources are present in the settings of Discover. + +Discover also gives you the ability to browse the application catalogue via their type from the “Applications” button on the left of the window. + +And with just a click on the “Install” button, installs any application. To uninstall any application, click on the Installed button on the left, giving you the list of installed applications with a “Remove” button. + +#### File Manager or File Explorer + +The heart of any desktop is the file manager. Perhaps, this is the most used application in any system. KDE Plasma’s file manager’s name is Dolphin. Dolphin is one of the best Linux File managers today. It comes with almost all the required settings and features needed for your work. If you compare this to Windows Explorer, Dolphin is far smarter than Windows Explorer. + +Here’s how it looks. Drive, network path, and folder shortcuts are present on the left side. Search, view options and the additional menu are present at the top. + +![Dolphin File Manager Showing Options][10] + +Perhaps Dolphin’s most crucial usability feature is the Split view and tabbed view. Most file manager, including Windows Explorer, lacks these two features. + +#### Learn About KDE Ecosystem and Applications + +KDE Plasma desktop brings many in-house standalone desktop applications to help you with your day-to-day work. They are specially designed to work well with Plasma desktop with better integration and performance. + +A few of the apps are installed by default. However, you can install several additional KDE native applications via the Discover Software catalogue. Another way is to go to [https://apps.kde.org/][11] and learn more about KDE Applications. + +![apps.kde.org gives you one stop shop for all KDE App Info][12] + +#### Be productive using KRunner + +The default launcher of KDE Plasma desktop is called KRunner. It is a program designed to search and launch any applications, quick calculation, search inside files and many new features. + +You can launch it anytime, during any workflow situation on the desktop. Launch it via ALT+F2 and type anything. + +![Open any program using Krunner][13] + +![calculate using Krunner][14] + +#### How to watch movies, Netflix and other streaming services? + +If you are just a casual user and plan to adopt KDE Plasma desktop as a daily driver, it’s a perfect choice. For example, watching YouTube, Netflix, or other streaming services are easy and well-supported by this desktop with any Linux Distributions. Usually, these are browser-based activities, which can quickly be done using the default Firefox browser. So, open the Firefox web browser and play your favourite streaming services without any issues. + +#### What happens if you run into errors or need help? + +If you are a beginner, there will be times when you are stuck or run into some errors. So, the first option I would suggest is to do a Google search to find out the details about your issue on the KDE Plasma desktop. + +You can also take help from the helpful community using the below forums: + +* [https://forum.kde.org/][15] +* [https://www.reddit.com/r/kde/][16] + +### What’s Next? + +Now that you learned about the basics of the KDE Plasma desktop, I would recommend you to arm yourself with more features and tricks of this desktop using our following exclusive guides. + +**[Top 10 KDE Plasma Hidden Feature That You Didn’t Know About][17]** + +**[Top 10 KDE Applications That You Didn’t Know About][18]** + +**[What is KDE Connect? How Do You Use It?][19]** + +**[Top 10 KDE Plasma Tips to Make You Super Productive][20]** + +### Closing Notes + +I hope this KDE Plasma guide helps you get started with this awesome desktop within minutes. And remember, the KDE Plasma desktop can be customized to a great extent. You can transform this desktop into anything. It is loaded with many options, tweaks – that is impossible to memorize together. + +As you get started, you should start exploring more options, tweaks in this awesome desktop. And say goodbye to Windows. + +What do you think about this KDE Plasma guide? Does it help? Let me know in the comment box below. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/kde-plasma-guide/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Kubutu-21.04-running-with-KDE-Plasma-5.22-1024x531.jpg +[2]: https://kubuntu.org/ +[3]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org/kde/ +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2019/01/complete-guide-how-dual-boot-ubuntu-windows/ +[5]: https://nextstep.tcs.com/campus/ +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/KDE-Plasma-Desktop-Showing-Basic-Items-1024x576.jpg +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/KDE-Plasma-System-Tray-Showing-Wi-Fi-Icons.jpg +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Changing-Wallpaper-is-Easy-in-KDE-Plasma-Desktop-1024x464.jpg +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Discover-Showing-Variosu-Options.jpg +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Dolphin-File-Manager-Showing-Options-1024x567.jpg +[11]: https://apps.kde.org/ +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/apps.kde_.org-gives-you-one-stop-shop-for-all-KDE-App-Info-1024x765.jpg +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Open-any-program-using-Krunner.gif +[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/calculate-using-Krunner.gif +[15]: https://forum.kde.org/ +[16]: https://www.reddit.com/r/kde/ +[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/kde-plasma-hidden-feature/ +[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/top-10-uknown-kde-application/ +[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/kde-connect-guide/ +[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/top-10-kde-plasma-tips-2021/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20220121 10 Great Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience -Part 3.md b/sources/tech/20220121 10 Great Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience -Part 3.md deleted file mode 100644 index 53dfd37e8b..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220121 10 Great Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience -Part 3.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,334 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "10 Great Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience [Part 3]" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/best-gnome-apps-part-3/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -10 Great Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience [Part 3] -====== -WE PRESENT THE NEXT SET OF GREAT GNOME APPS THAT BRINGS MULTITUDE OF -PRODUCTIVITY BOOST WHILE USING YOUR FAVORITE GNOME DESKTOP. -We are progressing with the best GNOME Apps discovery series with this article. The purpose of the series is to create awareness and highlight several unknown GNOME Apps. This gives boost to the developers and overall development. Also helps the end user – like you and me – with their daily work in GNOME desktop. - -This is part 3 of the 5 part series. In case you have arrived here from other references, you can read the previous posts here: - - * [Part 1][1] - * [Part 2][2] - * [Part 4][3] - - - -In this article, we covered the following list of great GNOME Apps. - - * [Sysprof – System Profiler][4] - * [Pika Backup – Backup Software][5] - * [Contrast – Color Combination Checker][6] - * [Decoder – QR Code Scanner and Generator][7] - * [Mahjongg – The Classic Game][8] - * [Authenticator – 2FA Authentication][9] - * [Drawing – A Painting App for GNOME Desktop][10] - * [Curtail – Image Compression App][11] - * [Fractal – Matrix Messaging Client for GNOME][12] - * [Telegrand – Telegram Client][13] - - - -### Great GNOME Apps – Part 3 - -#### Sysprof – System Profiler - -The first app we highlight is called sysprof. This is mostly developer specific application that gives you system performance details for Linux Kernel and other user-space applications. With this application, you can identify the threads, stacks, their individual performances, object types and a good deal of other information. Armed with this information, a developer can easily debug and find out the problems in their respective application. - -This is a GNOME Circle app and well maintained. - -![Sysprof – GNOME Apps][14] - -This application does not come with Flatpak executable module. So, you have to compile and build using Kernel Headers for your system. You can find the detailed steps outlined in the below links. - -[How to compile and Build sysprof][15] -[Getting Started Guide of sysprof][16] - -More Information: - - * [Home Page][17] 1 - * [Home Page 2][18] - * [Source][19] - - - -#### Pika Backup – Backup Software - -When you lose data, then only you remember about Backup software. This is a true fact. Worry not. Pika Backup takes care of all the hassles of taking backups with its simply UI. It is powered by the popular borg-backup software and comes with all necessary feature such as – - -a) Ability to take backups in local or remote location -b) Feature of only backing up the changed files/directories, saving time and bandwidth -c) Encryption support -d) recovery from backup -e) Browsing the already created backups. - -However, scheduling backups is under development, and we hope it soon arrives. - -This is a GNOME Circle app and one of the must-have GNOME App for your desktop. - -![Pika Backup App][20] - -Here’s how to install. - -[Setup Flatpak][21] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - -[Install Pika Backup][22] - -Additional Information about Pika Backup - - * [Home Page][23] - * [Source Code][24] - - - -#### Contrast – Color Combination Checker - -This nice little tool is mostly for web developers who want to quickly pick up two colors that look great. Named Contrast, this utility follows [Web Content Accessibility Guidelines][25] (WCAG) with options to choose HEX color codes, view the contrast ratio. A great time saving tool for the developers. - -![Contrast App][26] - -Here’s how to install. - -[Setup Flatpak][21] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - -[Install Contrast][27] - -Additional information about Contrast: - -[Source Code][28] - -#### Decoder – QR Code Scanner and Generator - -Decoder is a simple tool that helps to do everything related to QR Code. This GNOME Circle app is capable of generating QR code, scan for codes, scan via uploading an image and obviously parse QR Code contents. - -A nifty tool for your GNOME Desktop when you need it. Here’s how it looks and how to install. - -![Decoder App][29] - -[Setup Flatpak][21] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - -[Install Decoder][30] - -Additional information about Decoder: - - * [Home Page][31] - * [Source Code][32] - - - -#### Mahjongg – The Classic Game - -This is one of the game that was available in several Linux distributions since the beginning of Linux. And now it is available for your GNOME desktop. Mahjongg is a one-player version of the classic Eastern tile game, whose only objective is to select a pair of similar tiles. - -A Fun fact: There is a theory that this game is made by the famous Chinese philosopher Confucius. - -![Mahjongg – A Classic Game][33] - -This is how you can install this addictive game in your GNOME Desktop. - -[][34] - -SEE ALSO:   Top 10 KDE Application That You Didn't Know About - -[Setup Flatpak][21] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - -[Install Mahjongg][35] - -Additional information about this great GNOME Game app: - - * [Source Code][36] - * [Home Page][37] - * [How to play][38] - - - -#### Authenticator – 2FA Authentication - -Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is everywhere these days. It is one of the safest authentication method used by all popular service providers such as Google, GitHub, etc. Mostly, there are apps available for 2FA in all mobile Platform. However, you can also set this up as a native desktop app in your GNOME desktop. - -The Authenticator app generates 2FA codes and supports Time-based/Counter-based/Steam methods. You can easily set up the methods using its built-in QR code scanner or via uploading an image. - -![Authenticator GNOME App][39] - -This is how you can install this GNOME Circle app. - -[Setup Flatpak][21] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - -[Install Authenticator App][40] - -Additional information of this app: - - * [Home Page][41] - * [Source Code][42] - - - -#### Drawing – A Painting App for GNOME Desktop - -Drawing is one of the best GNOME apps out there which is a perfect program for quick drawing. It is an alternative to MS Paint program and capable of doing all necessary editing tasks such as: - - * Draw and Edit with pencil, line or arc tool - * Selection support (cut, copy, paste, drag) - * Shapes (rectangle, circle, polygon) - * Editing features – resize, crop, rotate - * Available in GNU/Linux Phones as an App - * And supports both X11 and Wayland display servers - - - -![Drawing GNOME App][43] - -This is how to install this great GNOME app. - -[Setup Flatpak][21] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - -[Install Drawing][44] - -Additional information about this app. - - * [Home Page][45] - * [Source Code][46] - - - -#### Curtail – Image Compression App - -Need a quick image compression tool? Try Curtail. This GNOME app is another best tool to quickly reduce size of your images with its simple UI. It supports WebP, PNG, JPG image types. Curtail can compress both lossless and lossy types with option to remove metadata. - -![Curtail][47] - -This is one of the must-have tool for your GNOME desktop. This is how to install. - -[Setup Flatpak][21] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - -[Install Curtail][48] - -Additional information about Curtail - - * [Home Page][49] - * [Source Code][50] - - - -#### Fractal – Matrix Messaging Client for GNOME - -Fractal is a Matrix messaging client for your GNOME desktop. It is written in rust and provides all necessary features for your collaboration in the popular Matrix messaging platform. - -![Fractal – Matrix Messaging Client][51] - -This is how to install. - -[Setup Flatpak][21] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - -[Install Fractal][52] - -Additional information about Fractal - -[Source Code][53] - -#### Telegrand – Telegram Client - -The final app in this list is Telegrand. This application is not stable at the moment and under development. However, I feel it is worth mentioning here because of its potential. The Telegram messaging app have its own native desktop application. However, this GTK based Telegrand act perfectly for your desktop with its features. - -There is no installer available at the moment. But you can easily build it from source via instructions present in [GitHub][54]. - -We hope to see this app become stable in near future and available in GNOME Desktop as well as in GNU/Linux Phones. - -### Closing Notes - -So, with these 10 apps, we conclude the Part 3 of the great GNOME Apps series. We covered some unique and unknown application in this article. I hope you can utilize some of these apps for your daily workflow. - -If you missed the other parts of the series, they are present in the below links. - - * [Part 1][1] - * [Part 2][2] - * [Part 4][3] - - - -Let me know your comments or suggestions about the apps, or, this series as a whole. - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][55], [Twitter][56], [YouTube][57], and [Facebook][58] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/best-gnome-apps-part-3/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-1/ -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-2/ -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/best-gnome-apps-part-4/ -[4]: tmp.W80b1YR7vZ#sysprof -[5]: tmp.W80b1YR7vZ#pika-backup -[6]: tmp.W80b1YR7vZ#contrast -[7]: tmp.W80b1YR7vZ#decoder -[8]: tmp.W80b1YR7vZ#mahjongg -[9]: tmp.W80b1YR7vZ#authenticator -[10]: tmp.W80b1YR7vZ#drawing -[11]: tmp.W80b1YR7vZ#curtail -[12]: tmp.W80b1YR7vZ#fractal -[13]: tmp.W80b1YR7vZ#telegrand -[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Sysprof-GNOME-Apps.jpg -[15]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/sysprof#building-sysprof -[16]: https://blogs.gnome.org/chergert/2020/03/14/how-to-use-sysprof-to/ -[17]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gnome.Sysprof3/ -[18]: http://www.sysprof.com/ -[19]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/sysprof -[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Pika-Backup-App.jpg -[21]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ -[22]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.World.PikaBackup.flatpakref -[23]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gnome.World.PikaBackup/ -[24]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/pika-backup/ -[25]: https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/ -[26]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Contrast-App.jpg -[27]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.design.Contrast.flatpakref -[28]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/design/contrast -[29]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Decoder-App.jpg -[30]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/best-gnome-apps-part-3/Setup%20Flatpak%20for%20your%20Linux%20distribution.%20And%20then%20click%20on%20the%20below%20button%20to%20launch%20the%20native%20software%20manager%20to%20install%20(such%20as%20Software%20or%20Discover). -[31]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.belmoussaoui.Decoder/ -[32]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/decoder/ -[33]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Mahjongg-A-Classic-Game.jpg -[34]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/top-10-uknown-kde-application/ -[35]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.Mahjongg.flatpakref -[36]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-mahjongg/ -[37]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Mahjongg -[38]: https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-mahjongg/stable/ -[39]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Authenticator-GNOME-App4.jpg -[40]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.belmoussaoui.Authenticator.flatpakref -[41]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.belmoussaoui.Authenticator/ -[42]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/Authenticator -[43]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Drawing-GNOME-App2.png -[44]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.maoschanz.drawing.flatpakref -[45]: https://maoschanz.github.io/drawing/ -[46]: https://github.com/maoschanz/drawing/ -[47]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Curtail.jpg -[48]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.huluti.Curtail.flatpakref -[49]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.github.huluti.Curtail/ -[50]: https://github.com/Huluti/Curtail/ -[51]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Fractal-Matrix-Messaging-Client.jpg -[52]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.Fractal.flatpakref -[53]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/fractal -[54]: https://github.com/melix99/telegrand/ -[55]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[56]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[57]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[58]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220121 KDE Plasma Desktop Guide -A Beginner-s Manual.md b/sources/tech/20220121 KDE Plasma Desktop Guide -A Beginner-s Manual.md deleted file mode 100644 index eb8c0d1198..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220121 KDE Plasma Desktop Guide -A Beginner-s Manual.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,179 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "KDE Plasma Desktop Guide [A Beginner’s Manual]" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/kde-plasma-guide/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -KDE Plasma Desktop Guide [A Beginner’s Manual] -====== -WE GIVE YOU A GETTING STARTED GUIDE WITH KDE PLASMA DESKTOP IN THIS -COMPREHENSIVE ARTICLE. -KDE Plasma is the most popular and widely used Linux desktop today. If you are planning to switch to Linux from Windows, then this is a perfect desktop to start with. If you are a student – planning to start your Linux journey with KDE Plasma desktop, then you are at the right place. - -In this overview article, we give you easy to understand pointers on how to use KDE Plasma desktop while referring to the basic functionalities and activities. This guide is heavily inclined to the absolute new users starting their Linux Journey with KDE Plasma desktop. Furthermore, we explained most of the topics via GUI method to help the newbies. - -Let’s begin. - -![Kubnutu 21.04 running with KDE Plasma 5.22][1] - -### KDE Plasma Desktop – Beginner’s Guide - -#### Installation of Kubuntu with KDE Plasma as Dual Boot - -KDE Plasma desktop is available with Kubuntu, Fedora Linux, and other Linux distributions. So, to install KDE Plasma Desktop in your computer, you need to download a Linux Distribution. - -For a beginner, I would recommend trying Kubuntu or Fedora Linux KDE Edition. Link for downloading those, present below. I believe, Kubuntu LTS editions are the perfect and stable for new users. - -[Download Kubuntu][2] - -[Download Fedora KDE Edition][3] - -The installation is not part of this article. However, if you are using Windows, you can install using [this guide][4] as a dual boot. If you have a spare Laptop or desktop, you can create a bootable USB stick via [this nice tutorial][5] and boot from it. - -Then follow the on-screen instructions to install Linux with KDE Plasma desktop. - -#### Desktop Overview - -When you first experience KDE Plasma desktop, you should see a nice desktop with a default bottom panel which includes standard shortcut of main applications and a system tray. This desktop follows the traditional menu-driven user interface principles, which requires little to no learning for people migrating from Windows. You do not need to learn tweaks, gestures or any other special features to start using this. - -![KDE Plasma Desktop Showing Basic Items][6] - -The Application menu can be launched from the very left icon of the Panel. The icon might be different for Ubuntu or Fedora. But you get the idea. - -On the right click context menu of the desktop, you have all the necessary actions such as changing wallpaper, settings. They are pretty self-explanatory. - -The Application menu gives you all the necessary application names to start your work on this desktop. If you don’t know which application is needed to perform a specific task, then you can simply find out by typing some text in the search bar. - -#### Connecting to Internet - -Perhaps the most important first task is to connect to the internet. If you have Wi-Fi zones, you can easily find that out from the icon in the system tray. Then click on the name of the connection, enter password. And you should be connected. - -![KDE Plasma System Tray Showing Wi-Fi Networks][7] - -If you want to configure more, you can search System Settings in Application Launch and open it. Then under Connections, you can further configure your Wi-Fi or wired network. - -#### How to change the look and feel – wallpaper, themes, etc. ? - -It is obvious that you may need to change the default wallpaper, themes, colors – right? Changing those are super easy in KDE Plasma. Hit the Application menu, open System Settings. The default first page should give you the option to change the wallpaper, as outlined in the below image. - -You can select your favorite one and press Ok. You can also choose any other image using the Add Image button at the bottom. - -![Changing Wallpaper is Easy in KDE Plasma Desktop][8] - -#### How to update your system and install/uninstall software? - -The KDE Plasma desktop has a utility called Discover to manage installation and removal of software in your system. It supports almost all popular package management format – apt, dnf, Flatpak, Snap and AppImage. To open this application, search for Discover in Application Menu. - -The user interface of Discover very easy to grasp for novice users. - -![Discover Showing Various Options][9] - -On the left side you have options to view installed application from the “Installed” button. The “Updates” button gives you details about the update available in your system. Usually Discover automatically checks for updates. However you can still force check updates using the “Check for Updates” button. - -And when you hit the “Update All” button, Discover downloads and applies those updates. No further action required from your end. - -[][10] - -SEE ALSO:   Top 10 KDE Application That You Didn't Know About - -Furthermore, the search button at top left corner gives you option to find any application you want for installation. It searches the application in your software sources defined. The software sources are present in the settings of Discover. - -Discover is also gives you ability browse application catalogue via their type from the “Applications” button on the left of the window. - -And with just a click on the “Install” button, installs any application. To uninstall any application, click on the Installed button on the left which gives you the list of installed applications with a “Remove” button. - -#### File Manager or File Explorer - -The heart of any desktop is the file manager. Perhaps, this is the most used application in any system. KDE Plasma’s file manager name is Dolphin. Dolphin is one of the best Linux File manager today. It comes with almost all required settings and features that are required for your work. If you compare this to Windows Explorer, well, Dolphin is far smarter than Windows Explorer. - -Here’s how it looks. On the left side, drives, network path, and folder shortcuts are present. Search, view options and additional menu is present at the top. - -![Dolphin File Manager Showing Options][11] - -Perhaps the most important usability feature of Dolphin is the Split view and tabbed view. Most of the file manager including Windows Explorer lacks this two feature. - -#### Learn About KDE Ecosystem and Applications - -KDE Plasma desktop brings lots of in-house standalone desktop application to help you on your day-to-day work. They are specially designed to work well with Plasma desktop with better integration and performance. - -A few of the apps installed by default. However, several additional KDE native applications which you can install via Discover Software catalog. Another way is to go to and learn more about KDE Applications. - -![apps.kde.org gives you one-stop shop for all KDE App Info][12] - -#### Be productive using KRunner - -The default launcher of KDE Plasma desktop is called KRunner. It is a program designed to search and launch any applications, quick calculation, search inside files and many new features. - -You can launch it anytime, during any workflow situation in the desktop. Launch it via ALT+F2 and type anything. - -![Open any program using Krunner][13] - -![calculate using Krunner][14] - -#### How to watch movies, Netflix and other streaming services? - -If you are just a casual user and planning to adopt KDE Plasma desktop as daily driver, then it’s a perfect choice. For example, watching YouTube, Netflix or other streaming services are easy and well-supported by this desktop with any Linux Distributions. Usually these are browser based activity, which can easily be done using the default Firefox browser. So, open Firefox web browser and play your favorite streaming services without any issues. - -#### What happens, if you run into errors or need help? - -If you are a beginner, there will be time when you are stuck or ran into some errors. So, first option I would suggest is do a Google Search to find out the details about your issue in KDE Plasma desktop. - -You can also take help from helpful community using the below forums: - - * - * - - - -### What’s Next? - -Now that you learned about basics of KDE Plasma desktop, I would recommend you to arm yourself with more features and tricks of this desktop using our following exclusive guides. - -### Closing Notes - -I hope, this KDE Plasma guide helps you to get started with this awesome desktop within minutes. And remember, KDE Plasma desktop can be customized to a great extent. You can literally transform this desktop to anything. It is loaded with many options, tweaks – that is impossible to memorize together. - -That said, as you get started, you should start exploring more options, tweaks in this awesome desktop. And say goodbye to Windows. - -What you think about this KDE Plasma guide? Does it help? Let me know in the comment box below. - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][15], [Twitter][16], [YouTube][17], and [Facebook][18] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/kde-plasma-guide/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Kubutu-21.04-running-with-KDE-Plasma-5.22-1024x531.jpg -[2]: https://kubuntu.org/ -[3]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org/kde/ -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2019/01/complete-guide-how-dual-boot-ubuntu-windows/ -[5]: https://nextstep.tcs.com/campus/ -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/KDE-Plasma-Desktop-Showing-Basic-Items-1024x576.jpg -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/KDE-Plasma-System-Tray-Showing-Wi-Fi-Icons.jpg -[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Changing-Wallpaper-is-Easy-in-KDE-Plasma-Desktop-1024x464.jpg -[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Discover-Showing-Variosu-Options.jpg -[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/top-10-uknown-kde-application/ -[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Dolphin-File-Manager-Showing-Options-1024x567.jpg -[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/apps.kde_.org-gives-you-one-stop-shop-for-all-KDE-App-Info-1024x765.jpg -[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Open-any-program-using-Krunner.gif -[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/calculate-using-Krunner.gif -[15]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[16]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[17]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[18]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220123 10 Great Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience [Part 3].md b/sources/tech/20220123 10 Great Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience [Part 3].md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2d64cbea17 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220123 10 Great Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience [Part 3].md @@ -0,0 +1,295 @@ +[#]: subject: "10 Great Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience [Part 3]" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/best-gnome-apps-part-3/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +10 Great Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience [Part 3] +====== +We present the next set of great GNOME Apps that brings a multitude of productivity boost while using your favourite GNOME desktop. + +We are progressing with the best GNOME Apps discovery series with this article. The purpose of the series is to create awareness and highlight several unknown GNOME Apps. This gives a boost to the developers and overall development. Also helps the end-user – like you and me – with their daily work on the GNOME desktop. + +This is part 3 of the 5 part series. In case you have arrived here from other references, you can read the previous posts here: + +* [Part 1][1] +* [Part 2][2] +* [Part 4][3] +* [Part 5][4] + +In this article, we covered the following list of great GNOME Apps. + +* Sysprof – System Profiler +* Pika Backup – Backup Software +* Contrast – Color Combination Checker +* Decoder – QR Code Scanner and Generator +* Mahjongg – The Classic Game +* Authenticator – 2FA Authentication +* Drawing – A Painting App for GNOME Desktop +* Curtail – Image Compression App +* Fractal – Matrix Messaging Client for GNOME +* Telegrand – Telegram Client + +### Great GNOME Apps – Part 3 + +#### Sysprof – System Profiler + +The first app we highlight is called sysprof. This is a mostly developer-specific application that gives you system performance details for Linux Kernel and other user-space applications. With this application, you can identify the threads, stacks, their individual performances, object types and a good deal of other information. Armed with this information, a developer can easily debug and find out the problems in their respective application. + +This is a GNOME Circle app and is well maintained. + +![Sysprof - A great GNOME Apps][5] + +This application does not come with Flatpak executable module. So, you have to compile and build using Kernel Headers for your system. You can find the detailed steps outlined in the below links. + +[How to compile and Build sysprof][6][Getting Started Guide of sysprof][7] + +More Information: + +* [Home Page][8] 1 +* [Home Page 2][9] +* [Source][10] + +#### Pika Backup – Backup Software + +When you lose data, then only you remember about Backup software. This is a true fact. Worry not. Pika Backup takes care of all the hassles of taking backups with its simple UI. It is powered by the popular borg-backup software and comes with all necessary features such as – + +a) Ability to take backups in a local or remote locationb) Feature of only backing up the changed files/directories, saving time and bandwidthc) Encryption supportd) recovery from backupe) Browsing the already created backups. + +However, scheduling backups is under development, and we hope it soon arrives. + +This is a GNOME Circle app and one of the must-have GNOME App for your desktop. + +![Pika Backup App][11] + +Here’s how to install. + +[Setup Flatpak][12] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). + +[Install Pika Backup][13] + +Additional Information about Pika Backup + +* [Home Page][14] +* [Source Code][15] + +#### Contrast – Color Combination Checker + +This nice little tool is mostly for web developers who want to quickly pick up two colours that look great. Named Contrast, this utility follows Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) with options to choose HEX colour codes, view the contrast ratio. A great time-saving tool for the developers. + +![Contrast App][16] + +Here’s how to install it. + +[Setup Flatpak][17] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). + +[Install Contrast][18] + +Additional information about Contrast: + +[Source Code][19] + +#### Decoder – QR Code Scanner and Generator + +Decoder is a simple tool that helps to do everything related to QR codes. This GNOME Circle app is capable of generating QR codes, scanning for codes, scanning via uploading an image and obviously parse QR Code contents. + +A nifty tool for your GNOME Desktop when you need it. Here’s how it looks and how to install it. + +![Decoder - A great GNOME App][20] + +[Setup Flatpak][21] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). + +[Install Decoder][22] + +Additional information about Decoder: + +* [Home Page][23] +* [Source Code][24] + +#### Mahjongg – The Classic Game + +This is one of the games that was available in several Linux distributions since the beginning of Linux. And now it is available for your GNOME desktop. Mahjongg is a one-player version of the classic Eastern tile game, whose only objective is to select a pair of similar tiles. + +A fun fact: There is a theory that this game is made by the famous Chinese philosopher Confucius. + +![Mahjongg - A Classic Game][25] + +This is how you can install this addictive game in your GNOME Desktop. + +[Setup Flatpak][26] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). + +[Install Mahjongg][27] + +Additional information about this great GNOME Game app: + +* [Source Code][28] +* [Home Page][29] +* [How to play][30] + +#### Authenticator – 2FA Authentication + +Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is everywhere these days. It is one of the safest authentication methods used by all popular service providers such as Google, GitHub, etc. Mostly, there are apps available for 2FA in all mobile Platforms. However, you can also set this up as a native desktop app on your GNOME desktop. + +The Authenticator app generates 2FA codes and supports Time-based/Counter-based/Steam methods. You can easily set up the methods using its built-in QR code scanner or via uploading an image. + +![Authenticator GNOME App][31] + +This is how you can install this GNOME Circle app. + +[Setup Flatpak][32] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). + +[Install Authenticator App][33] + +Additional information of this app: + +* [Home Page][34] +* [Source Code][35] + +#### Drawing – A Painting App for GNOME Desktop + +Drawing is one of the best GNOME apps out there which is a perfect program for quick drawing. It is an alternative to the MS Paint program and capable of doing all necessary editing tasks such as: + +* Draw and Edit with pencil, line or arc tool +* Selection support (cut, copy, paste, drag) +* Shapes (rectangle, circle, polygon) +* Editing features – resize, crop, rotate +* Available in GNU/Linux Phones as an App +* And supports both X11 and Wayland display servers + +![Drawing GNOME App][36] + +This is how to install this great GNOME app. + +[Setup Flatpak][37] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). + +[Install Drawing][38] + +Additional information about this app. + +* [Home Page][39] +* [Source Code][40] + +#### Curtail – Image Compression App + +Need a quick image compression tool? Try Curtail. This GNOME app is another best tool to quickly reduce the size of your images with its simple UI. It supports WebP, PNG, JPG image types. Curtail can compress both lossless and lossy types with the option to remove metadata. + +![Curtail][41] + +This is one of the must-have tools for your GNOME desktop. This is how to install. + +[Setup Flatpak][42] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). + +[Install Curtail][43] + +Additional information about Curtail + +* [Home Page][44] +* [Source Code][45] + +#### Fractal – Matrix Messaging Client for GNOME + +Fractal is a Matrix messaging client for your GNOME desktop. It is written in rust and provides all necessary features for your collaboration in the popular Matrix messaging platform. + +![Fractal - Another great GNOME Apps][46] + +This is how to install. + +[Setup Flatpak][47] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). + +[Install Fractal][48] + +Additional information about Fractal + +[Source Code][49] + +#### Telegrand – Telegram Client + +The final app in this list is Telegrand. This application is not stable at the moment and is under development. However, I feel it is worth mentioning here because of its potential. The Telegram messaging app has its own native desktop application. However, this GTK based Telegrand act perfectly for your desktop with its features. + +There is no installer available at the moment. But you can easily build it from the source via instructions present in [GitHub][50]. + +We hope to see this app become stable in near future and available in GNOME Desktop as well as in GNU/Linux Phones. + +### Closing Notes + +So, with these 10 apps, we conclude Part 3 of the great GNOME Apps series. We covered some unique and unknown applications in this article. I hope you can utilize some of these apps for your daily workflow. + +If you missed the other parts of the series, they are present in the below links. + +* [Part 1][51] +* [Part 2][52] +* [Part 4][53] +* [Part 5][54] + +Let me know your comments or suggestions about the apps, or, this series as a whole. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/best-gnome-apps-part-3/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-1/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-2/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/best-gnome-apps-part-4/ +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/best-gnome-apps-part-5/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Sysprof-GNOME-Apps.jpg +[6]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/sysprof#building-sysprof +[7]: https://blogs.gnome.org/chergert/2020/03/14/how-to-use-sysprof-to/ +[8]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gnome.Sysprof3/ +[9]: http://www.sysprof.com/ +[10]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/sysprof +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Pika-Backup-App.jpg +[12]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[13]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.World.PikaBackup.flatpakref +[14]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gnome.World.PikaBackup/ +[15]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/pika-backup/ +[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Contrast-App.jpg +[17]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[18]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.design.Contrast.flatpakref +[19]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/design/contrast +[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Decoder-App.jpg +[21]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/Setup%20Flatpak%20for%20your%20Linux%20distribution.%20And%20then%20click%20on%20the%20below%20button%20to%20launch%20the%20native%20software%20manager%20to%20install%20(such%20as%20Software%20or%20Discover). +[23]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.belmoussaoui.Decoder/ +[24]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/decoder/ +[25]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Mahjongg-A-Classic-Game.jpg +[26]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[27]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.Mahjongg.flatpakref +[28]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-mahjongg/ +[29]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Mahjongg +[30]: https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-mahjongg/stable/ +[31]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Authenticator-GNOME-App4.jpg +[32]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[33]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.belmoussaoui.Authenticator.flatpakref +[34]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.belmoussaoui.Authenticator/ +[35]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/Authenticator +[36]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Drawing-GNOME-App2.png +[37]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[38]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.maoschanz.drawing.flatpakref +[39]: https://maoschanz.github.io/drawing/ +[40]: https://github.com/maoschanz/drawing/ +[41]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Curtail.jpg +[42]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[43]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.huluti.Curtail.flatpakref +[44]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.github.huluti.Curtail/ +[45]: https://github.com/Huluti/Curtail/ +[46]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Fractal-Matrix-Messaging-Client.jpg +[47]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[48]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.Fractal.flatpakref +[49]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/fractal +[50]: https://github.com/melix99/telegrand/ +[51]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-1/ +[52]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-2/ +[53]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/best-gnome-apps-part-4/ +[54]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/best-gnome-apps-part-5/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20210624 Tails 5 Review- A Perfect Privacy-Focused Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220506 Tails 5 Review- A Perfect Privacy-Focused Linux.md similarity index 66% rename from sources/tech/20210624 Tails 5 Review- A Perfect Privacy-Focused Linux.md rename to sources/tech/20220506 Tails 5 Review- A Perfect Privacy-Focused Linux.md index 86ac00f34e..5f123f8045 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210624 Tails 5 Review- A Perfect Privacy-Focused Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220506 Tails 5 Review- A Perfect Privacy-Focused Linux.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "Tails 5 Review: A Perfect Privacy-Focused Linux" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tails-5-review/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ Tails 5 Review: A Perfect Privacy-Focused Linux ====== -HERE’S A QUICK REVIEW OF DEBIAN-BASED TAILS 5, RELEASED A WHILE BACK, -REFRESHING ITS CORE MODULES WITH DEBIAN 11 BULLSEYE. +Here’s a quick review of Debian-based Tails 5, released a while back, refreshing its core modules with Debian 11 Bullseye. + Before we jump into the review of Tails 5, it’s worth mentioning what Tails are about. Tails, aka The Amnesic Incognito Live System, is a [privacy-focussed Linux Distribution][1] which uses the Tor network to protect you while browsing the web. Tails are based on Debian stable branch and come with many goodies such as an IRC client, Tor browser, email clients, and messengers to help you roam around on the web anonymously. ![Tails 5 Desktop Running GNOME 3.38][2] @@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ Once you complete the setup, you get a nice and clean GNOME Desktop environment You don’t need anything fancy desktop while using Tails for some critical work. GNOME 3.38x does just fine and it’s fast. -![Tails Welcome Screen][2] +![Tails Welcome Screen][4] -![Tails 5 – Initial Tor Setup][2] +![Tails 5 – Initial Tor Setup][5] #### Tor Network and Application Updates -At its core, Tails 5 is based on [Debian 11 Bullseye][4] (which is the current stable version) and [Linux Kernel 5.10][5]. +At its core, Tails 5 is based on [Debian 11 Bullseye][6](which is the current stable version) and [Linux Kernel 5.10][7]. The application list of Tails is mostly curated for privacy oriented work. The Tails application list includes the Tor Browser, Tor Connection Manager, and Onion Circuits Manager. During my test, the Tor network connected properly without any problem. @@ -51,29 +51,25 @@ One of the essential features of Tails is the persistance storage configuration Furthermore, the application stack in Tails 5.0 refreshed with their respective stable version according to Debian Bullseye listed below. - * Tor Browser 11.0.11 - * GNOME 3.38.6 - * MAT 0.12 - * Audacity 2.4.2 - * GNOME Disks 3.38 - * GIMP 2.10.22 - * Inkscape 1.0 - * LibreOffice 7.0 - - +* Tor Browser 11.0.11 +* GNOME 3.38.6 +* MAT 0.12 +* Audacity 2.4.2 +* GNOME Disks 3.38 +* GIMP 2.10.22 +* Inkscape 1.0 +* LibreOffice 7.0 Tails packages all necessary applications to help with your purpose of anonymity, and those are acihved by its specific applications as listed here. - * Password manager – KeePassXC - * Pidgin Internet messenger - * Thunderbird Email Client - * Tor Browser and Connection Manager - * Onion Circuit manager - * Application for configuring Persistance Storage - * GtkHash checks for files - * Root Terminal - - +* Password manager – KeePassXC +* Pidgin Internet messenger +* Thunderbird Email Client +* Tor Browser and Connection Manager +* Onion Circuit manager +* Application for configuring Persistance Storage +* GtkHash checks for files +* Root Terminal A tool called Additional Software that Tails includes; it helps run the different applications from the local media instead of downloading them after each boot. @@ -85,68 +81,35 @@ So, during the performance test at idle, it was consuming around 4% CPU on avera Also, the network histroy shows a continuous packaet traction at an idle state which I believe is due to some daemon running continuously. -![Tails 5 Performance shows continuous network ping][2] +![Tails 5 Performance shows continuous network ping][8] ### Closing Notes -Privacy is more important than ever today. And Tails is the best Linux distro for privacy-focused people out there. With the solid Debian stable base, GNOME desktop and [robust documentation,][6] Tails is a “go-to” distro for security researchers and advanced users. Moreover, the Tails team did an excellent job with its nicely crafted documentation which takes care of most of the problems you may face while using it. With that said, if you want to try out Tails 5, visit [this page for download][7] and read the installation [guide][3]. +Privacy is more important than ever today. And Tails is the best Linux distro for privacy-focused people out there. With the solid Debian stable base, GNOME desktop and [robust documentation,][9] Tails is a “go-to” distro for security researchers and advanced users. Moreover, the Tails team did an excellent job with its nicely crafted documentation which takes care of most of the problems you may face while using it. With that said, if you want to try out Tails 5, visit [this page for download][10] and read the installation [guide][11]. A word of caution: While using Tails, try not to visit banks or financial websites or make any transactions requiring 2FA authentication. -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][8], [Twitter][9], [YouTube][10], and [Facebook][11] and never miss an update! - -#### Share this: - - * [Twitter][12] - - * [Facebook][13] - - * [Print][14] - - * [LinkedIn][15] - - * [Reddit][16] - - * [Telegram][17] - - * [WhatsApp][18] - - * [Email][19] - - * - - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tails-5-review/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/privacy-linux-distributions-2022/ -[2]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Tails-5-Desktop-Running-GNOME-3.38.jpg [3]: https://tails.boum.org/install/linux/index.en.html -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/05/debian-11-features/ -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/linux-kernel-5-10-release-announcement/ -[6]: https://tails.boum.org/doc/index.en.html -[7]: https://tails.boum.org/install/index.en.html -[8]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[9]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[10]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[11]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint -[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tails-5-review/?share=twitter (Click to share on Twitter) -[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tails-5-review/?share=facebook (Click to share on Facebook) -[14]: tmp.L2cjWMplUd#print (Click to print) -[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tails-5-review/?share=linkedin (Click to share on LinkedIn) -[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tails-5-review/?share=reddit (Click to share on Reddit) -[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tails-5-review/?share=telegram (Click to share on Telegram) -[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tails-5-review/?share=jetpack-whatsapp (Click to share on WhatsApp) -[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/tails-5-review/?share=email (Click to email this to a friend) +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Tails-Welcome-Screen.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Tails-5-Initial-Tor-Setup.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/05/debian-11-features/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/linux-kernel-5-10-release-announcement/ +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Tails-5-Performance-shows-continuous-network-ping.jpg +[9]: https://tails.boum.org/doc/index.en.html +[10]: https://tails.boum.org/install/index.en.html +[11]: https://tails.boum.org/install/linux/index.en.html diff --git a/sources/tech/20210624 10 Best Features of Fedora 36 That Makes it a Powerful Release.md b/sources/tech/20220510 10 Best Features of Fedora 36 That Makes it a Powerful Release.md similarity index 68% rename from sources/tech/20210624 10 Best Features of Fedora 36 That Makes it a Powerful Release.md rename to sources/tech/20220510 10 Best Features of Fedora 36 That Makes it a Powerful Release.md index eb62aff6e1..43037d3e9f 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210624 10 Best Features of Fedora 36 That Makes it a Powerful Release.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220510 10 Best Features of Fedora 36 That Makes it a Powerful Release.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "10 Best Features of Fedora 36 That Makes it a Powerful Release" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-36-features/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,16 +9,15 @@ 10 Best Features of Fedora 36 That Makes it a Powerful Release ====== -IF YOU ARE EXCITED ABOUT THE FEDORA 36 RELEASE, HERE’S A QUICK SUMMARY -OF THE 10 BEST FEDORA 36 FEATURES THAT YOU SHOULD CHECK OUT BEFORE -TRYING. +If you are excited about the Fedora 36 release, here’s a quick summary of the 10 best Fedora 36 features that you should check out before trying. + ![Fedora 36 Workstation Desktop][1] Fedora 36 releases on May 10, 2022, and it brings a list of special features across the desktop, flavours, internal structures and more. Before installing or upgrading it, you should know about the unique features. Here they are. ### Best Fedora 36 Features -#### 1\. GNOME 42 as Default Workstation Desktop +#### 1. GNOME 42 as Default Workstation Desktop The most important feature of Fedora 36 is the brand new GNOME 42, which comes as default with the Fedora Workstation edition. With the Fedora Workstation edition, you get the original GNOME 42 version without any customisation, unlike Ubuntu. Hence to experience the vanilla GNOME 42, Fedora 36 is the perfect choice for you. @@ -28,132 +27,92 @@ Not only that, this version of GNOME introduces the Dark and Light Style in the Furthermore, GNOME 42 brings a [new text editor][3], a new screenshot and screencast tool and well designed on-screen display. You may want to read the [features of GNOME 42 here in detail][4]. -#### 2\. Linux Kernel 5.17 +#### 2. Linux Kernel 5.17 In addition to that, Fedora 36 also brings the latest mainline Linux Kernel 5.17, which has support for all the modern GPU, CPU and other improvements. The updates in this Kernel include temperature support for the AMD Zen family of devices, a long-standing Floppy Disk hangs bug, a handful of ARM/SoC support and performance improvements across all subsystems. You can read our [detailed Linux Kernel 5.17][5] coverage to learn more. -#### 3\. Wayland by Default for NVIDIA Proprietary Drivers +#### 3. Wayland by Default for NVIDIA Proprietary Drivers Perhaps the most impactful change in this release is the decision from Fedora to make [Wayland as default][6] session with NVIDIA proprietary driver. If you remember, Wayland was the default server since Fedora 22, but it has not defaulted when the NVIDIA proprietary driver is in use. And it changes now. So, while updating or installing an NVIDIA system, check the session type before login. -#### 4\. Systemd Messages Updates +#### 4. Systemd Messages Updates Other than the above changes, the systemd messages become more friendly with a small but impactful change on how the messages are logged in this release. In Fedora 36, the systemd messages show the unit name with the usual name. For example, if it shows “Network Manager”, it would now show “NetworkManager.service” and the name. This will help debug some problems in a system requiring scrolling through thousands of messages. -![More detailed journalctl messages in Fedora 36][1] +![More detailed journalctl messages in Fedora 36][7] -#### 5\. System Font Changes +#### 5. System Font Changes On top of the above changes, the default font type is changing to Noto Font from DejaVu fonts. This will provide a better experience and consistent text rendering across the desktop. So, google-noto-sans* packages will be installed by default to replace dejavu*. -#### 6\. Updated Spins +#### 6. Updated Spins That’s not all the changes, the official Fedora flavours or Spins are also refreshed with their stable versions. Not all desktop environments get major releases in a year, but you always get the latest bugfix versions with Fedora. Here’s a quick recap of the version of the official Fedora Spins in this release. - * Fedora KDE with KDE Plasma 5.24 - * Fedora with Xfce 4.16 - * Fedora with LXQt 1.1 - * Fedora MATE-Compiz with MATE 1.24 +* Fedora KDE with KDE Plasma 5.24 +* Fedora with Xfce 4.16 +* Fedora with LXQt 1.1 +* Fedora MATE-Compiz with MATE 1.24 - - -#### 7\. Tool Chain Updates +#### 7. Tool Chain Updates Many Fedora users are the developers who use it for their personal or professional work. For programmers or developers, the toolchain is important. Because Fedora features the latest compilers, databases and other dependent packages. Here’s a quick list of packages and applications: - * PHP 8.1 - * Ruby on Rails 7.0 - * OpenJDK 17 - * Django 4.0 - * gcc 12 - * glibc 2.35 - * Golang 1.18 - * OpenSSL 3.0 - * Ruby 3.1 - * Ansible 5 - * Firefox 98 - * LibreOffice 7.3 +* PHP 8.1 +* Ruby on Rails 7.0 +* OpenJDK 17 +* Django 4.0 +* gcc 12 +* glibc 2.35 +* Golang 1.18 +* OpenSSL 3.0 +* Ruby 3.1 +* Ansible 5 +* Firefox 100 +* LibreOffice 7.3 - - -#### 8\. Single User as Admin +#### 8. Single User as Admin The majority of the Fedora workstation installations are single-user types than the shared or enterprise users. Hence, Fedora 36 makes the single user as administrator by default during installation with this release. The Anaconda installer sets the admin option by default. -#### 9\. RPM Structure +#### 9. RPM Structure -The internal RPM package database in the Fedora system is located under `/var` today. With this release, it is [moving][7] to `/usr` directory. The primary reason is consistency with other RPM-based distributions such as openSUSE and Fedora rpm-ostree based systems (Kinoite, Silverblue, etc.) +The internal RPM package database in the Fedora system is located under `/var` today. With this release, it is [moving][8] to `/usr` directory. The primary reason is consistency with other RPM-based distributions such as openSUSE and Fedora rpm-ostree based systems (Kinoite, Silverblue, etc.) -#### 10\. NetworkManager Configuration +#### 10. NetworkManager Configuration -Finally, this release removes the NetworkManager legacy configuration file support (ifcfg files). This is a classic case of Fedora being a pioneer in adopting new methods, deprecating the older way of doing things. The NetworkManager evolved over the years and now uses more streamlined configuration files called keyfiles. Hence, it is no longer necessary to support the older ifcfg files for compatibility reasons. For more details about this change, visit this [excellent article][8] from Fedora Magazine. +Finally, this release removes the NetworkManager legacy configuration file support (ifcfg files). This is a classic case of Fedora being a pioneer in adopting new methods, deprecating the older way of doing things. The NetworkManager evolved over the years and now uses more streamlined configuration files called keyfiles. Hence, it is no longer necessary to support the older ifcfg files for compatibility reasons. For more details about this change, visit this [excellent article][9] from Fedora Magazine. ### Closing Notes -In addition to the above changes, this release brings many more under the hood performance tweaks and bug fixes which you can read [here][9]. +In addition to the above changes, this release brings many more under the hood performance tweaks and bug fixes which you can read [here][10]. Fedora 36 releases on May 10, 2022. -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][10], [Twitter][11], [YouTube][12], and [Facebook][13] and never miss an update! - -#### Share this: - - * [Twitter][14] - - * [Facebook][15] - - * [Print][16] - - * [LinkedIn][17] - - * [Reddit][18] - - * [Telegram][19] - - * [WhatsApp][20] - - * [Email][21] - - * - - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-36-features/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Fedora-36-Workstation-Desktop.jpg [2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/custom-light-dark-wallpaper-gnome/ [3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/gnome-text-editor/ [4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/gnome-42-release/ [5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/linux-kernel-5-17/ [6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-admin/.org/wiki/Changes/WaylandByDefaultOnNVIDIA -[7]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/RelocateRPMToUsr -[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/converting-networkmanager-from-ifcfg-to-keyfiles/ -[9]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/36/ChangeSet -[10]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[11]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[12]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[13]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint -[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-36-features/?share=twitter (Click to share on Twitter) -[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-36-features/?share=facebook (Click to share on Facebook) -[16]: tmp.uluFZDN4yr#print (Click to print) -[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-36-features/?share=linkedin (Click to share on LinkedIn) -[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-36-features/?share=reddit (Click to share on Reddit) -[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-36-features/?share=telegram (Click to share on Telegram) -[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-36-features/?share=jetpack-whatsapp (Click to share on WhatsApp) -[21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/fedora-36-features/?share=email (Click to email this to a friend) +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/More-detailed-journalctl-messages-in-Fedora-36.jpg +[8]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/RelocateRPMToUsr +[9]: https://fedoramagazine.org/converting-networkmanager-from-ifcfg-to-keyfiles/ +[10]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/36/ChangeSet From 21848e30e5826c14751668fd8bc241697e5958bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Tue, 17 May 2022 08:42:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 052/333] translated --- ...sic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.md | 130 ------------------ ...sic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.md | 102 ++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 130 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220501 How to Install Classic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220501 How to Install Classic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220501 How to Install Classic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.md b/sources/tech/20220501 How to Install Classic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.md deleted file mode 100644 index 527ca6c691..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220501 How to Install Classic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,130 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How to Install Classic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/gnome-classic-ubuntu-22-04/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How to Install Classic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS -====== -A QUICK GUIDE ON HOW TO INSTALL THE GOOD OLD CLASSIC GNOME FLASHBACK IN -THE LATEST UBUNTU 20.04 LTS. -The [GNOME Flashback][1] (aka classic GNOME) is a fork of the older GNOME 3 shell that uses the layouts and principles of earlier GNOME 2 tech. It is lightning fast and takes very minimal CPU and system resources by design. Hence it is ideal for the older hardware, which goes back in time in decades. - -With the release of [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][2] with modern GNOME 42, it is necessary to look for desktop environment options which consume few system resources. - -Moreover, GNOME Flashback is easy to install in the modern Ubuntu Linux, and you can still enjoy Ubuntu performance without worrying much about GNOME 42, GTK4, libadwaita and other stuff. - -### Download and Install Classic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS - -Follow the below steps to download and install classic GNOME Flashback (Metacity) in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. - -Open a terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and run the following commands. The installation size is around 61 MB. - -``` - - sudo apt update - -``` - -``` - - sudo apt install gnome-session-flashback - -``` - -![Install GNOME Classic Flashback Metacity in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][3] - -Finally, after the installation is complete, log out. And while logging back in, use the GNOME Classic in the login option. - -![Choose GNOME Classic while logging in][3] - -### Features of Classic GNOME Flashback - -Firstly, when you log on, you would experience the Legacy GNOME tech, which is proven to be well productive and much faster than today’s tech. - -At the top, you have the legacy panel with the application menu at the left and the system tray at the right top section of the desktop. The application menu reveals all the installed applications and software shortcuts you can easily navigate through in your workflow. - -Moreover, in the right section, the system tray has default widgets such as network, volume controls, date and time and shutdown menu. - -![Classic GNOME Flashback Metacity in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][3] - -The bottom panel contains the application list of the open windows and workspace switcher. By default, it gives you four workspaces to use. - -Furthermore, you can always change the settings of the top panel to auto-hide, resize, and background colours of the panel. - -Other than that, you can add any number of legacy applets available via ALT+Rigth click at the top panel. - -![Panel Context Menu][3] - -![Add to panel widgets][3] - -### Performance of GNOME Classic - -Firstly, the disk space footprint is minimal, i.e. it is only 61 MB installation. My test uses around 28% of the memory, and most of it is consumed by someone else. Guess who? Yes, the snap-store aka Ubuntu Software. - -So, overall it is very lightweight and has very minimal memory (only 28 MB) and CPU (0.1%) footprint. - -![Performance of GNOME Classic in Ubuntu 22.04][3] - -Furthermore, suppose you compare this with Ubuntu MATE, which also uses the same tech. In that case, it is lighter than MATE because you do not require any additional MATE apps and their native packages for notifications, themes and other supplemental resources. - -### Closing Notes - -I hope this guide helps you with the necessary information before you decide to install the GNOME Classic in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish. - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][4], [Twitter][5], [YouTube][6], and [Facebook][7] and never miss an update! - -#### Share this: - - * [Twitter][8] - - * [Facebook][9] - - * [Print][10] - - * [LinkedIn][11] - - * [Reddit][12] - - * [Telegram][13] - - * [WhatsApp][14] - - * [Email][15] - - * - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/gnome-classic-ubuntu-22-04/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GNOME/Flashback -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ -[3]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 -[4]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[5]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[6]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[7]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint -[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/gnome-classic-ubuntu-22-04/?share=twitter (Click to share on Twitter) -[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/gnome-classic-ubuntu-22-04/?share=facebook (Click to share on Facebook) -[10]: tmp.xk2ydzDcLc#print (Click to print) -[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/gnome-classic-ubuntu-22-04/?share=linkedin (Click to share on LinkedIn) -[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/gnome-classic-ubuntu-22-04/?share=reddit (Click to share on Reddit) -[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/gnome-classic-ubuntu-22-04/?share=telegram (Click to share on Telegram) -[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/gnome-classic-ubuntu-22-04/?share=jetpack-whatsapp (Click to share on WhatsApp) -[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/gnome-classic-ubuntu-22-04/?share=email (Click to email this to a friend) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220501 How to Install Classic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.md b/translated/tech/20220501 How to Install Classic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a308fec234 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220501 How to Install Classic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.md @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Install Classic GNOME Flashback in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/gnome-classic-ubuntu-22-04/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +如何在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 中安装 Classic GNOME Flashback +====== +关于如何在最新的 UBUNTU 22.04 LTS 中安装旧的 Classic GNOME Flashback 的快速指南。 + +[GNOME Flashback][1]（又名 classic GNOME）是旧 GNOME 3 shell 的一个分支，它使用早期 GNOME 2 技术的布局和原则。它的速度快如闪电，并且在设计上占用的 CPU 和系统资源非常少。因此，它非常适合可以追溯到几十年前的旧硬件。 + +随着带有现代 GNOME 42 的 [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][2] 的发布，有必要寻找消耗很少系统资源的桌面环境选项。 + +此外，GNOME Flashback 很容易安装在现代 Ubuntu Linux 中，你仍然可以享受 Ubuntu 性能而不必担心 GNOME 42、GTK4、libadwaita 和其他东西。 + +### 在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 中下载并安装 Classic GNOME Flashback + +按照以下步骤在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 中下载并安装经典 GNOME Flashback（Metacity）。 + +在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 中打开终端（CTRL+ALT+T）并运行以下命令。安装大小约为 61MB。 + +``` + + sudo apt update + +``` + +``` + + sudo apt install gnome-session-flashback + +``` + +![Install GNOME Classic Flashback Metacity in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][3] + +最后，安装完成后，退出。重新登录时，在登录选项中使用 GNOME Classic。 + +![Choose GNOME Classic while logging in][3] + +### 经典 GNOME Flashback 的特点 + +首先，当你登录时，你将体验到传统的 GNOME 技术，该技术已被证明具有良好的生产力并且比今天的技术快得多。 + +在顶部有旧版面板，左侧是应用菜单，而系统托盘位于桌面的右上方。应用程序菜单显示所有已安装的应用和软件快捷方式，你可以在工作流程中轻松浏览。 + +此外，在右侧部分，系统托盘具有默认小部件，例如网络、音量控制、日期和时间以及关机菜单。 + +![Classic GNOME Flashback Metacity in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][3] + +底部面板包含打开的窗口和工作区切换器的应用列表。默认情况下，它为你提供四个工作区供你使用。 + +此外，你可以随时更改顶部面板的设置以自动隐藏、调整面板大小和背景颜色。 + +除此之外，你可以通过 ALT+Rigth 单击顶部面板添加任意数量的旧版小程序。 + +![Panel Context Menu][3] + +![Add to panel widgets][3] + +### GNOME Classic 的性能 + +首先，磁盘空间占用极小，即仅安装 61 MB。我的测试使用了大约 28% 的内存，其中大部分被其他进程占用。猜猜是谁？是的，是 snap-store 又名 Ubuntu 软件。 + +因此，总体而言，它非常轻巧，内存（仅 28 MB）和 CPU（0.1%）占用空间非常小。 + +![Performance of GNOME Classic in Ubuntu 22.04][3] + +此外，假设你将其与同样使用相同技术的 Ubuntu MATE 进行比较。在这种情况下，它比 MATE 更轻量，因为你不需要任何额外的 MATE 应用及其用于通知、主题和其他补充资源的本机包。 + +### 结束语 + +我希望本指南在你决定在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish 中安装 GNOME Classic 之前帮助你获得必要的信息。 + +* * * + +我们带来最新的技术、软件新闻和重要的东西。通过 [Telegram][4]、[Twitter][5]、[YouTube][6] 和 [Facebook][7] 保持联系，不错过任何更新！ + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/gnome-classic-ubuntu-22-04/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GNOME/Flashback +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[3]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 +[4]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[5]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[6]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[7]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From a4a75a1aa13b9a6aaec1d167f478c1d1a57cbf5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Tue, 17 May 2022 08:47:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 053/333] translating --- .../tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md b/sources/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md index 21b3226dc1..6e2dad548f 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/05/structured-data-processing-with-spark-sql/" [#]: author: "Phani Kiran https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/phani-kiran/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 5fcc38c82ee0b54858a9252428b353b7a6e55d2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Tue, 17 May 2022 09:04:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 054/333] R @geekpi --- ...d of Debian and Goodness of Xfce [Review].md | 55 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220505 Xebian – A Blend of Debian and Goodness of Xfce [Review].md b/translated/tech/20220505 Xebian – A Blend of Debian and Goodness of Xfce [Review].md index f699f3db4b..5871ede43c 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220505 Xebian – A Blend of Debian and Goodness of Xfce [Review].md +++ b/translated/tech/20220505 Xebian – A Blend of Debian and Goodness of Xfce [Review].md @@ -3,77 +3,82 @@ [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " -Xebian – Debian 与 Xfce 的完美结合（评论） +Xebian：Debian 与 Xfce 的完美结合 ====== -这是对漂亮而时尚的 Xebian Linux 发行版的快速回顾。 -Xebian 是一个基于 Xfce 桌面环境的 Linux 发行版，基于 Debian Unstable (sid) 分支。这个 Linux 发行版带来了一个带有 Debian 的基本 Xfce 桌面，无需更改配置和附加软件包。因此，你无需担心安装 Debian 和 Xfce 就可以获得开箱即用的普通体验。 +> 这是一篇对漂亮而时尚的 Xebian Linux 发行版的快速评测。 -话虽如此，如果你想尝试一下，这里是 Xebian 的快速回顾。 +Xebian 是一个基于 Xfce 桌面环境的 Linux 发行版，基于 Debian 不稳定分支（sid）。这个 Linux 发行版提供了一个带有基本的 Xfce 桌面的 Debian，而无需更改配置和附加软件包。因此，你不用在安装 Debian 和 Xfce 上花费太多时间就可以获得通常的开箱即用体验。 -### Xebian 评论 +那么，如果你想尝试一下，这是对 Xebian 的快速评测。 + +![](https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Xebian-Desktop-with-Xfce.jpg) + +### Xebian 评测 #### 安装 -考虑到各种可用的 ISO（迷你、自由、非自由等等），Debian 安装可能会很棘手。毕竟，它是一个真正的“通用操作系统”。但是对于 Xebian，它毫不费力，因为它只有一个 64 位 ISO 文件，它为你提供 Debian sid 和 Xfce。 Xebian 使用 Debian 的本机安装程序，在你的物理系统或虚拟机中安装此发行版相当简单。 +考虑到林林总总的 ISO（迷你、自由、非自由等等），Debian 安装可能会有点复杂。毕竟，它是一个真正的“通用操作系统”。但是对于 Xebian，就轻松多了，因为它只有一个提供了 Debian sid 和 Xfce 的 64 位 ISO 文件。Xebian 使用 Debian 原生的安装程序，在你的物理系统或虚拟机中安装此发行版都相当简单。 在我的测试过程中，安装很顺利，没有报告任何问题。安装大约需要 4 分钟。 #### 外观和感觉 -安装后，当你首次启动系统时，你会看到带有 Xebian 默认壁纸的漂亮登录页面。登录屏幕是标准的默认 Xfce 桌面登录页面。 +安装后，当你首次启动系统时，你会看到带有 Xebian 默认壁纸的漂亮登录页面。这个登录屏幕是标准的默认 Xfce 桌面登录页面。 ![Xebian Logn Screen][1] -首先，桌面非常轻量，并且带有 Xfce 的干净外观。 Xebian 提供了带有 Debian 的 Xfce 的完整版本。因此，唯一的区别是看起来不错的默认壁纸和默认的 Numix 主题（深色）。 Adwaita 和 Gerybird 主题也适用于那些喜欢更传统外观的人。 +首先，该桌面非常轻量，有着 Xfce 的干净外观。Xebian 就是一个在 Debian 上提供了完整 Xfce 桌面的 Linux 发行版。因此，唯一的区别是看起来不错的默认壁纸，以及默认的 Numix 主题（深色）。那些喜欢更传统外观的人也可以使用 Adwaita 和 Gerybird 主题。 -其次，顶部面板右侧有 Whisker 菜单和标准系统托盘，带有音量控制、电池指示、网络/Wi-Fi 和日期/时间。 +其次，顶部面板右侧有 “鼠须菜单Whisker Menu” 和标准的系统托盘，带有音量控制、电池指示、网络/Wi-Fi 和日期/时间。 #### 应用 -Xebian 打包了所有 Xfce 原生应用，并且不添加任何额外内容。安装它时，你应该已经拥有一个稳定的工作桌面，并预装了以下应用程序。 +Xebian 打包了所有 Xfce 原生应用，而没有添加任何额外内容。安装了它，你就应该拥有了一个稳定的工作桌面，并预装了以下应用程序： * Thunar 文件管理器 * Ristretto 图像查看器 * Mousepad 文本编辑器 * Catfish 文件搜索 * XFCE 终端 -* Firefox +* Firefox 浏览器 * Synaptic 包管理器 -* GParted 用于分区 +* GParted 分区程序 * 系统设置 -除此之外，如果你需要任何其他应用，你可以使用 Synaptic 包管理器轻松安装它们。使用内置的 “Software and Sources” 应用可以轻松调整软件源。 +除此之外，如果你需要任何其他应用，你可以使用 “新立得Synaptic” 包管理器轻松安装它们。使用内置的 “软件及软件源Software and Sources” 应用可以轻松调整软件源。 -[Xfce 4.16][2] 是目前与原生应用一起稳定的官方版本。它的核心是基于 Debian Unstable “sid”，在撰写本文时它具有 Debian 12 “bookworm” 发布路径。它基于最新的 [Linux Kernel 5.17][3] 滚动发布。 Xfce 4.18 距离最终版本还很遥远。 +[Xfce 4.16][2] 是当前的稳定正式版本，并一同提供了其原生应用。而 Xfce 4.18 距离最终版本还很遥远。 -此外，如果你需要一个平常的图像编辑器、图形软件和 Office 套件（例如 LibreOffice），那么你需要手动安装它们。它们不是 ISO 文件的一部分。 +该发行版的核心基于 Debian 不稳定分支 “sid”，在撰写本文时它正处于 Debian 12 “bookworm” 的发布路径上。它基于最新的 [Linux 内核 5.17][3] 进行滚动发布。 + +此外，如果你需要一个常规的图像编辑器、图形软件和办公套件（例如 LibreOffice），那么你可以手动安装它们。它们不是 ISO 文件的一部分。 现在，让我们来看看性能。 #### Xebian 的性能 -Xebian 是轻量级的，非常适合旧硬件，这要归功于 Debian。我分两个阶段测试了性能。我让系统闲置一段时间的理想阶段消耗大约 710 MB 内存，而 CPU 平均为 2%。大多数空闲状态资源被 Xfce4-desktop 和 Xfce 窗口管理器消耗。 +Xebian 是轻量级的，非常适合旧硬件，这要归功于 Debian。我分两个阶段测试了其性能。 -其次，我在重度使用阶段对其进行了测试。在这个工作负载中，我使用文件管理器、文本编辑器、终端和 Firefox 浏览器的一个实例尝试了 Xebian。 +在让系统闲置一段时间后的理想阶段，消耗了大约 710 MB 内存，而 CPU 平均为 2%。大多数空闲状态资源被 Xfce4-desktop 和 Xfce 窗口管理器消耗。 -在此工作负载下，Xebian 平均消耗 1.2GB 内存和 2% 到 3% 的 CPU，具体取决于各自的应用活动。 - -而且，Firefox 明显消耗了大部分内存和 CPU，其次是 Xfce 窗口管理器的内存消耗增加了近 50%。 +其次，我在重度使用阶段对其进行了测试。我使用文件管理器、文本编辑器、终端和 Firefox 浏览器的一个实例作为工作负载尝试了 Xebian。在此工作负载下，Xebian 平均消耗 1.2GB 内存和 2% 到 3% 的 CPU，具体取决于各自的应用活动。而且，Firefox 明显消耗了大部分内存和 CPU，其次是 Xfce 窗口管理器的内存消耗增加了近 50%。 总的来说，我认为它是稳定的，应该可以在至少 4 GB 内存的中档硬件中正常工作。 ### 结束语 -基于 Debian Unstable 分支的 [Linux 发行版][4]很少。如果你正在寻找 Xfce 和 Debian sid 的特定组合，那么 Xebian 是完美的，因为你从 Debian 获得了一个超级可靠的滚动版本并内置了 Xfce。 +基于 Debian 不稳定分支的 [Linux 发行版][4] 很少。如果你正在寻找 Xfce 和 Debian sid 的特定组合，那么 Xebian 是合适的，因为你从 Debian 获得了一个很可靠的滚动版本，并内置了 Xfce。 -虽然它说“不稳定”，但根据我的经验，如果你每周保持系统更新，Debian “unstable” 会很好地工作。 +虽然它说是“不稳定”的，但根据我的经验，如果你每周保持系统更新，Debian “不稳定” 分支会很好地工作。 -最后，如果你想尝试此发行版，请访问官方网站并[下载 ISO 文件][5]。 +最后，如果你想尝试此发行版，请访问官方网站并 + +> **[下载 ISO 文件][5]** -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -82,7 +87,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/xebian-review-2022/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From decb818b129c00a071b779b992e7222e0ed5e98d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Tue, 17 May 2022 09:04:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 055/333] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14602-1.html --- ...ebian – A Blend of Debian and Goodness of Xfce [Review].md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220505 Xebian – A Blend of Debian and Goodness of Xfce [Review].md (98%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220505 Xebian – A Blend of Debian and Goodness of Xfce [Review].md b/published/20220505 Xebian – A Blend of Debian and Goodness of Xfce [Review].md similarity index 98% rename from translated/tech/20220505 Xebian – A Blend of Debian and Goodness of Xfce [Review].md rename to published/20220505 Xebian – A Blend of Debian and Goodness of Xfce [Review].md index 5871ede43c..ab7f56e1a4 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220505 Xebian – A Blend of Debian and Goodness of Xfce [Review].md +++ b/published/20220505 Xebian – A Blend of Debian and Goodness of Xfce [Review].md @@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: "wxy" -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14602-1.html" Xebian：Debian 与 Xfce 的完美结合 ====== From 98bca9ec9f8d4a46f1f4b404be987ae7694dfd6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Tue, 17 May 2022 09:33:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 056/333] RP @hanszhao80 https://linux.cn/article-14603-1.html --- .../20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md | 46 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md (55%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md b/published/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md similarity index 55% rename from translated/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md rename to published/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md index e4e7538790..cf546b1181 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md +++ b/published/20210615 Listen to music on FreeDOS.md @@ -3,24 +3,24 @@ [#]: author: (Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall) [#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: translator: (hanszhao80) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: reviewer: (wxy) +[#]: publisher: (wxy) +[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-14603-1.html) 在 FreeDOS 中聆听音乐 ====== -Mplayer 是Linux、Windows、Mac 和 Dos 等操作系统上常见的一款开源媒体播放器。 -![正在编程的女性][1] +> Mplayer 是 Linux、Windows、Mac 和 DOS 等操作系统上常见的一款开源媒体播放器。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202205/17/092828vffyeliiz33hqf31.jpg) 听音乐是放松心情的好方法。在 Linux 上，我使用 Rhythmbox 听音乐。但是你可能不知道在 FreeDOS 上也可以听音乐。让我们看一下两款流行的音乐播放器吧： ### 用 Mplayer 听音乐 -[Mplayer][2] 是一款开源的媒体播放器，通常安装于 Linux、Windows 和 Mac 上，但也有 DOS 版本可用。这里我们讨论的就是在 FreeDOS 版本。虽然 DOS 端口基于旧版（2007年的 1.0rc2-3-3-2 版），但它完全适用于在 DOS 上播放媒体。 - -我使用 MPlayer 在 FreeDOS 上听音乐文件。在这个例子中，我复制了我最喜欢的有声读物之一，[Big Finish Productions][3] 的神秘博士Doctor Who：闪点行动Flashpoint，并在我的 FreeDOS 计算机上将其保存为 `C:\MUSIC\FLASHPNT.MP3`。为了在 FreeDOS 上收听 闪点行动Flashpoint，我从 FreeDOS 命令行启动 MPlayer 并指定要播放的 MP3 文件名。MPlayer 的基本用法是 `mplayer [options] filename`，如果默认设置可用，你应该可以直接使用文件名启动MPlayer。在本例中，我运行以下命令将工作目录切换为 `\MUSIC`，然后使用 MPlayer 播放我的 MP3 有声读物文件： +[Mplayer][2] 是一款开源的媒体播放器，通常安装于 Linux、Windows 和 Mac 上，但也有 DOS 版本可用。这里我们讨论的就是在 FreeDOS 版本。虽然其 DOS 移植版基于旧版（2007 年的 1.0rc2-3-3-2 版），但它完全适用于在 DOS 上播放媒体。 +我使用 MPlayer 在 FreeDOS 上听音乐文件。在这个例子中，我复制了我最喜欢的有声读物之一，[Big Finish Productions][3] 的神秘博士：闪点行动Doctor Who: Flashpoint，并在我的 FreeDOS 计算机上将其保存为 `C:\MUSIC\FLASHPNT.MP3`。为了在 FreeDOS 上收听闪点行动，我从 FreeDOS 命令行启动 MPlayer 并指定要播放的 MP3 文件名。MPlayer 的基本用法是 `mplayer [options] filename`，如果默认设置可用，你应该可以直接使用该文件名启动 MPlayer。在本例中，我运行以下命令将工作目录切换为 `\MUSIC`，然后使用 MPlayer 播放我的 MP3 有声读物文件： ``` CD \MUSIC @@ -31,44 +31,40 @@ FreeDOS _不区分大小写_，因此它将忽略 DOS 命令和任何文件或 ![FreeDOS 上的 Mplayer][4] -你可以用 Mplayer 播放 MP3 文件 -(Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0][5]) +*你可以用 Mplayer 播放 MP3 文件* -使用 MPlayer 在 FreeDOS 播放音乐文件时没有花哨的界面。但同时，它也不会分散注意力。所以我可以一边让 FreeDOS 在我的 DOS 计算机上播放 MP3 文件，一边使用另一台计算机做其他事情。然而，FreeDOS一次只运行一个任务（换句话说，DOS 是一个单任务single-tasking操作系统），所以我不能将 MPlayer 置于 FreeDOS的”后台“运行，而在 _同一台 FreeDOS 机_ 上处理其他事情。 +使用 MPlayer 在 FreeDOS 播放音乐文件时没有花哨的界面。但同时，它也不会分散注意力。所以我可以一边让 FreeDOS 在我的 DOS 计算机上播放 MP3 文件，一边使用另一台计算机做其他事情。然而，FreeDOS 一次只运行一个任务（换句话说，DOS 是一个单任务single-tasking操作系统），所以我不能将 MPlayer 置于 FreeDOS 的“后台”运行，而在 _同一台 FreeDOS 机_ 上处理其他事情。 -请注意，MPlayer 是一个需要大量内存才能运行的大程序。虽然 DOS 本身并不需要太多的内存来运行，但我建议至少有16兆的内存来运行 MPlayer。 +请注意，MPlayer 是一个需要大量内存才能运行的大程序。虽然 DOS 本身并不需要太多的内存来运行，但我建议至少有 16M 的内存来运行 MPlayer。 ### 使用 Open Cubic Player 听音频文件 -FreeDOS 不止提供了 MPlayer 来播放媒体。还有 [Open Cubic Player][6]，它支持多种文件格式，包括 Midi 和 WAV 文件。 +FreeDOS 不止提供了 MPlayer 来播放媒体。还有 [Open Cubic Player][6]，它支持多种文件格式，包括 Midi 和 WAV 文件。 -1999年，我录制了一段简短的音频文件，内容是我说：“你好，我是 Jim Hall，我把 'FreeDOS' 发音为 _FreeDOS_。"这是一个玩笑，借鉴了 Linus Torvalds 录制的演示他如何发音 Linux 的 [类似的音频文件][7]（`English.au`，包含在1994年的 Linux 源代码树中）中的创意。我们不会在 FreeDOS 中分发这段 _FreeDOS_ 音频剪辑，但欢迎你从我们的[Silly Sounds][8]目录中下载它，该目录位于 [Ibiblio][9] 的 FreeDOS 文件存档中。 +1999 年，我录制了一段简短的音频文件，内容是我说：“你好，我是 Jim Hall，我把 ‘FreeDOS’ 发音为 _FreeDOS_。"这是一个玩笑，借鉴了 Linus Torvalds 录制的演示他如何发音 Linux 的 [类似的音频文件][7]（`English.au`，包含在 1994 年的 Linux 源代码树中）中的创意。我们不会在 FreeDOS 中分发这段 FreeDOS 音频剪辑，但欢迎你从我们的 [Silly Sounds][8] 目录中下载它，该目录位于 [Ibiblio][9] 的 FreeDOS 文件存档中。 -你可以使用 Open Cubic Player 收听 _FreeDOS_ 音频剪辑。通常从 `\APPS\OPENCP` 目录键入 `CP` 命令运行 Open Cubic Player。但 Open Cubic Player 是32位应用程序，运行它需要32位 DOS 扩展器。常见的 DOS 扩展器是 DOS/4GW。虽然可以免费使用，但 DOS/4GW 不是开源程序，因此我们不会将其作为 FreeDOS 包分发。 - -相反，FreeDOS 提供了另一个名为 DOS/32A 的开源32位扩展器。如果你在安装FreeDOS时没有安装所有内容，则可能需要使用 [FDIMPLES][10] 进行安装。我使用这两行命令切换到 `\APPS\OPENCP` 路径，并使用 DOS/32A 扩展器运行 Open Cubic Player： +你可以使用 Open Cubic Player 收听 _FreeDOS_ 音频剪辑。通常从 `\APPS\OPENCP` 目录键入 `CP` 命令运行 Open Cubic Player。但 Open Cubic Player 是 32 位应用程序，运行它需要 32 位 DOS 扩展器。常见的 DOS 扩展器是 DOS/4GW。虽然可以免费使用，但 DOS/4GW 不是开源程序，因此我们不会将其作为 FreeDOS 包分发。 +相反，FreeDOS 提供了另一个名为 DOS/32A 的开源32位扩展器。如果你在安装 FreeDOS 时没有安装所有内容，则可能需要使用 [FDIMPLES][10] 进行安装。我使用这两行命令切换到 `\APPS\OPENCP` 路径，并使用 DOS/32A 扩展器运行 Open Cubic Player： ``` CD \APPS\OPENCP DOS32A CP ``` -Open Cubic Player 没有花哨的用户界面，但你可以使用方向键将 _文件选择器File Selector_ 导航到包含要播放的媒体文件的目录。 +Open Cubic Player 没有花哨的用户界面，但你可以使用方向键将 文件选择器File Selector 导航到包含要播放的媒体文件的目录。 ![Open Cubic Player][11] -Open Cubic Player 打开文件选择器 -(Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0][5]) +*Open Cubic Player 打开文件选择器* -文本比在其他 DOS 应用程序中显示的要小，因为 Open Cubic Player 会自动将显示更改为使用50行文本，而不是通常的25行。当你退出程序时，Open Cubic Player 会将显示重置为25行。 +文本比在其他 DOS 应用程序中显示的要小，因为 Open Cubic Player 会自动将显示更改为使用 50 行文本，而不是通常的 25 行。当你退出程序时，Open Cubic Player 会将显示重置为 25 行。 -选择媒体文件后，Open Cubic Player 将循环播放该文件（按键盘上的 Esc 键退出）。当文件通过扬声器播放时，Open Cubic Player 会显示一个频谱仪，以便你可以观察左右声道的音频。 _freedos_ 音频剪辑是以单声道录制的，因此左右声道是相同的。 +选择媒体文件后，Open Cubic Player 将循环播放该文件（按键盘上的 `Esc` 键退出）。当文件通过扬声器播放时，Open Cubic Player 会显示一个频谱仪，以便你可以观察左右声道的音频。FreeDOS 音频剪辑是以单声道录制的，因此左右声道是相同的。 ![Open Cubic Player][12] -Open Cubic Player 中播放 ”FreeDOS“ 音频文件 -(Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0][5]) +*Open Cubic Player 中播放 FreeDOS 音频文件* DOS 可能来自较早的年代，但这并不意味着你不能使用 FreeDOS 来执行现代任务或播放当前的媒体。如果你喜欢听数字音乐，试一试在 FreeDOS上 使用 Open Cubic Player 或 MPlayer 吧！ @@ -79,7 +75,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/21/6/listen-music-freedos 作者：[Jim Hall][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[hanszhao80](https://github.com/hanszhao80) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From b9ed2cac1f62a87eabd87495ef6a65b35eb8cf4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Tue, 17 May 2022 10:23:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 057/333] ALL @wxy https://linux.cn/article-14604-1.html --- ... distribution and it is based on Debian.md | 81 +++++++++++++++++++ ... distribution and it is based on Debian.md | 78 ------------------ 2 files changed, 81 insertions(+), 78 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20220516 Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian.md delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220516 Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian.md diff --git a/published/20220516 Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian.md b/published/20220516 Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ab2671dfb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220516 Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +[#]: subject: "Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/microsoft-debian-distro/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "wxy" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14604-1.html" + +微软还有另一个 Linux 发行版，而且是基于 Debian 的 +====== + +> 微软一直在为 Azure 云使用一个基于 Debian 的 Linux 发行版。我们开始揭开它的面纱了！ + +![微软 Debian][1] + +微软在其大量的项目中利用了 Linux。近年来，你一定读过很多关于 WSL（或 WSL2）和微软制作的 Linux 发行版（即 **CBL Mariner**）的消息。 + +> CBL 是 “共用基础 LinuxCommon Base Linux”的缩写。 + +甚至在 Windows 11 上，微软也在不断地改进 [WSL][2] 的体验。 + +虽然 CBL Mariner 被用来支持 WSLg（WSL 2 的 GUI 部分）和 Azure，但最近一些媒体（[ZDNet][3]）报道发现了微软内部使用的另一个 Linux 发行版。 + +微软肯定喜欢 Linux，对吗？ + +### CBL-Delridge：一个基于 Debian 的 Linux 发行版 + +![][4] + +微软维护着一个基于 Debian 的发行版，它被用来支持 Azure 的“云端外壳Cloud Shell”。它的名字是 “CBL-Delridge”。 + +感谢 [Hayden Barnes][5]，他是 SUSE 公司负责 Windows 容器的高级工程经理。 + +在他 2022 年 2 月的一篇 [旧博文][6] 中，他透露了关于它的更多细节，并帮助你构建它以在需要时将其导入 WSL。 + +与从头构建的 CBL-Mariner 不同，CBL-Delridge（CBL-D）是基于 Debian 10（Buster）的。 + +看到 Debian 在这里受到青睐并不奇怪，即使是 [谷歌也为其内部的 Linux 发行版 gLinux 抛弃了 Ubuntu 而选择了 Debian][7]。 + +有趣的是，微软在 2020 年发布了这个供内部使用的发行版（根据 Hayden 维护的 [微软的开源举措的非官方时间表][8]），而我们在 2022 年才知道了它。 + +![][9] + +CBL-Delridge 也采用了同样的版本号 10（巧合），代号为 “Quinault”。解析一下这个名字，ZDNet 指出，Delridge 是西雅图西部的一个区，而 Quinault 指的是华盛顿州奥林匹克国家公园的一个山谷。 + +### 构建 CBL-Delridge + +与普通的 Linux 发行版不同，你找不到它的可以公开下载的镜像文件。 + +考虑到 CBL-D 的 APT 软件包库是公开的，如果你出于任何需求想测试它，你可以构建你的 CBL-D 镜像。 + +你也可以把它导入 WSL 中。[Hayden 的博文][10] 解释了如何使用 debootstrap 来开始构建镜像，然后将其导入 WSL。 + +请注意，CBL-D 并不完全是 Debian 的替代品。所以，你可能无法找到所有你喜欢的软件包。要了解更多的信息，你可以浏览 Hayden 的博文。 + +你对微软的内部使用的 Linux 发行版有什么看法？你试过其中一个吗？请在评论中告诉我你的想法。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/microsoft-debian-distro/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/microsoft-new-debian-based-linux-distro.jpg +[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/windows-11-wsl/ +[3]: https://www.zdnet.com/article/surprise-theres-yet-another-microsoft-linux-distro-cbl-delridge/ +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/azure-delridge.png +[5]: https://twitter.com/unixterminal +[6]: https://boxofcables.dev/building-cbl-d-microsofts-other-linux-distro/ +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/goobuntu-glinux-google/ +[8]: https://github.com/sirredbeard/microsoft-opensource +[9]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/wsl-cbl-delridge-1024x600.png +[10]: https://boxofcables.dev/building-cbl-d-microsofts-other-linux-distro/ diff --git a/sources/news/20220516 Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian.md b/sources/news/20220516 Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian.md deleted file mode 100644 index 15c8465554..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220516 Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,78 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/microsoft-debian-distro/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Microsoft has another Linux distribution and it is based on Debian -====== -Microsoft has been using a Debian-based Linux distro for Azure Cloud. We’re getting to know about it now! - -![microsoft debian][1] - -Microsoft utilizes Linux for a wide range of its projects. In recent years, you must have read a lot about WSL (or WSL2) and a Linux distribution made by Microsoft, i.e., **CBL (Common Base Linux) Mariner**. - -Even with Windows 11, Microsoft keeps improving the experience with [WSL][2]. - -While CBL Mariner is used to power WSLg (the GUI part of WSL 2) and Azure, some recent press coverage (via [ZDNet][3]) uncovered another Linux distribution that Microsoft uses internally. - -Microsoft sure loves Linux, right? - -### CBL-Delridge: A Debian-based Linux distro - -![][4] - -Microsoft maintains a Debian-based distro, which is used to power Azure’s Cloud Shell. And it goes by the name “**CBL-Delridge**“. - -Thanks to [Hayden Barnes][5], a senior engineering manager responsible for Windows containers at SUSE. - -In one of his [older blog posts][6] in February 2022. He revealed more details about it while helping you build it and import it into WSL if required. - -CBL-Delridge (CBL-D) is based on Debian 10 (Buster), unlike CBL-Mariner, built from scratch. - -Not a surprise to see Debian being favored here. Even [Google ditched Ubuntu for Debian][7] for its in-house Linux distro gLinux. - -Interestingly, Microsoft published the distro in 2020 for internal use (as per an [unofficial timeline of Microsoft’s open-source interactions][8] maintained by Hayden), and we’re getting to know about it in 2022. - -![][9] - -The CBL-Delridge also utilizes the same version number 10 (coincidentally) with the codename “Quinault.” Breaking down the name, ZDNet notes that Delridge is a district in West Seattle, and Quinault refers to a valley in the Olympic National Park in Washington State. - -### Building CBL-Delridge - -Unlike normal Linux distributions, you won’t find an image file to download publicly. - -Considering the apt package repositories for CBL-D are public, you can build your image of CBL-D if you need to test it for any of your relevant requirements. - -You can also import it into WSL. [Hayden’s blog post][10] explains using debootstrap to get started building the image and then importing it to WSL. - -Note that the CBL-D is not exactly a replacement for Debian. So, you may not be able to find all your favorite packages. To know more about it, you can explore Hayden’s blog post. - -What do you think about Microsoft’s Linux distributions for internal use? Have you tried any of them yet? Let me know your thoughts in the comments. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/microsoft-debian-distro/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/microsoft-new-debian-based-linux-distro.jpg -[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/windows-11-wsl/ -[3]: https://www.zdnet.com/article/surprise-theres-yet-another-microsoft-linux-distro-cbl-delridge/ -[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/azure-delridge.png -[5]: https://twitter.com/unixterminal -[6]: https://boxofcables.dev/building-cbl-d-microsofts-other-linux-distro/ -[7]: https://itsfoss.com/goobuntu-glinux-google/ -[8]: https://github.com/sirredbeard/microsoft-opensource -[9]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/wsl-cbl-delridge-1024x600.png -[10]: https://boxofcables.dev/building-cbl-d-microsofts-other-linux-distro/ From daa2aab45b5db64eb029542b747585d422b3676a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Tue, 17 May 2022 10:45:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 058/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220516=20-Extension=20Manager-=20App=20Helps=20You?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Install=20and=20Manage=20GNOME=20Shell=20Extensions.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...stall and Manage GNOME Shell Extensions.md | 116 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 116 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220516 -Extension Manager- App Helps You Install and Manage GNOME Shell Extensions.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220516 -Extension Manager- App Helps You Install and Manage GNOME Shell Extensions.md b/sources/tech/20220516 -Extension Manager- App Helps You Install and Manage GNOME Shell Extensions.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f2fcedf69d --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220516 -Extension Manager- App Helps You Install and Manage GNOME Shell Extensions.md @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +[#]: subject: "‘Extension Manager’ App Helps You Install and Manage GNOME Shell Extensions" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/extension-manager/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +‘Extension Manager’ App Helps You Install and Manage GNOME Shell Extensions +====== +Brief: Extension Manager is an exciting unofficial alternative to GNOME’s official Extensions app to help you manage GNOME shell extensions. Let’s take a closer look. + +GNOME extensions are incredibly useful. Of course, using many of them may not be the best solution to your problem. + +However, if you rely on the GNOME extensions to tweak your desktop workflow on any Linux distribution, a convenient option to manage all the extensions should help save your time. + +The GNOME team already offers you an “**Extensions**” app to configure and manage GNOME extensions. But, it does not come pre-installed on every Linux distribution. + +So, should you use the official Extensions app, or is there something better? + +Well, technically, it depends on your use case and requirements. But, there’s an **“Extension Manager**” that helps you manage GNOME Shell extensions while also allowing you to search and install new extensions without using the browser. + +![extension manager ft][1] + +### Extension Manager: An Alternative to “Extensions” + +If you already have “Extensions” installed, you may not have a big reason to use this. + +However, with the Extension Manager by **Matt Jakeman**, you get a useful app to easily enable/disable, configure, and install/uninstall new GNOME extensions. + +You no longer need to follow the usual [method to install GNOME extensions][2] that involve a web page, a browser add-on, and more. + +It offers a separate tab to search and install GNOME extensions available. + +![extension manager search][3] + +As you can notice in the screenshot above, you do not have to tweak the GNOME Shell version number and see if it is supported. This app directly highlights if the extension is supported on your system. + +So, you can easily explore the [best GNOME extensions][4] and see if it works for you. + +Furthermore, you can also explore more about an extension when clicking on it. It could improve the way the information is presented, but it should be good enough for most. + +![extension manager info][5] + +### Features of Extension Manager + +![extension manager about][6] + +To sum up the features: + +* Configure existing/pre-installed GNOME extensions. +* Enable/Disable shell extensions. +* Ability to search for new extensions from the web. +* Install new extensions from the web. +* Choose the app theme as per your preference or follow the system theme. +* Update the extension from within the app. + +### Extensions vs. Extension Manager: What’s the difference? + +If you’re wondering: what’s the difference between Extensions and Extension Manager? + +Here’s a **screenshot comparison**: + +![extensions gnome][7] + +![extension manager][8] + +Overall, the user interface is a bit different. But it’s mostly the same, minus the ability to search/install GNOME extensions from the web. + +However, you can toggle the theme to light/dark (or follow the system preference) with Extension Manager. With Extensions, the app tracks the system theme by default. + +### Install Extension Manager on Linux + +Using the official repositories, you can easily install the extension manager on [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][9]. + +So, you can look for it in the software center or install it via the terminal using the following command: + +``` +sudo apt install gnome-shell-extension-manager +``` + +For any other Linux distribution, you can refer to our [Flatpak guide][10] and install the Flatpak package available on [Flathub][11]. + +You should also find it available in [AUR][12] for Arch Linux distros. + +Head to its [GitHub page][13] to explore more about the app and other installation methods. + +*What do you prefer to help manage GNOME shell extensions? Feel free to share your thoughts in the comments.* + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/extension-manager/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/extension-manager-ft.png +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-shell-extensions/ +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/extension-manager-search.png +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/best-gnome-extensions/ +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/extension-manager-info.png +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/extension-manager-about.jpg +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/extensions-gnome.png +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/extension-manager.png +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-release-features/ +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/ +[11]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.mattjakeman.ExtensionManager +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/ +[13]: https://github.com/mjakeman/extension-manager From 8ed97e61441b5403a772a77afffe421e5e182ba5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Tue, 17 May 2022 18:05:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 059/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220517=20Travel=20off=20the=20grid=20and=20still=20s?= =?UTF-8?q?end=20emails=20with=20putmail.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...grid and still send emails with putmail.md | 79 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 79 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220517 Travel off the grid and still send emails with putmail.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220517 Travel off the grid and still send emails with putmail.md b/sources/tech/20220517 Travel off the grid and still send emails with putmail.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cc96281798 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220517 Travel off the grid and still send emails with putmail.md @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +[#]: subject: "Travel off the grid and still send emails with putmail" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/send-email-putmail" +[#]: author: "Kevin Sonney https://opensource.com/users/ksonney" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Travel off the grid and still send emails with putmail +====== +Configure your mail client to automatically send emails next time you have an internet connection. + +![Chat via email][1] + +*Automation is a hot topic right now. In my day job as an SRE part of my remit is to automate as many repeating tasks as possible. But how many of us do that in our daily, not-work, lives? This year, I am focused on automating away the toil so that we can focus on the things that are important.* + +In "normal times" my wife and I travel a lot. And as anyone who similarly travels a lot knows, connectivity can be very expensive. We were recently on a cruise and the "Premium" ship-board internet cost upwards of $200 for the full 7 days, and even then it had all the drawbacks of satellite internet in terms of speed and congestion. So to make my life easier, I set up [offlineimap][2] to download my mail, [dovecot][3] to let me use an IMAP client to read my mail, and [msmtp][4] to send mail from my various accounts. I covered much of [this setup in 2020][5], and the rest is documented in many places online. + +What is not often discussed is that you still need to be online to send mail. The most common recommended solution for sending mail is msmtp, and it always rejects mail if it can't connect to the desired host. But it does have a daemon option (`msmtpd` ) that can be used to accept local SMTP connections and forward them to another program. By default, this is `msmtp` itself. But again, I don't want to send things now, I want to send things when I have a connection, which is when I stumbled upon [putmail][6]. + +`Putmail` is a set of Python scripts that sends mail to pre-configured smtp servers based on the `From` address in a mail message. It is stable (unmodified since 2011), and just works. If you, like me, have multiple email addresses which have to be sent via multiple SMTP relays, this is just the thing you need. Each email address you send from has its own configuration file, and since `putmail` decides on which to use based on the message itself, there's no need to have to set up multiple sending setups in a single mail client. + +As an example, to send with a `gmail` account, you would create the file `.putmail/yourname@gmail.com` and fill in the following information. + +``` +yourname@gmail.com putmail configuration +[config] +email = yourname@gmail.com +server = smtp.gmail.com +port = 587 +username = yourname@gmail.com +password = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX +tls = on +``` + +And that's it. Configure a mail client to send via `putmail.py` instead of `sendmail` or `msmtp` and send a message. + +The next best things are the `putmail_enque.py` and `putmail_dequeue.py` scripts. The first takes an email and stores it to send later. The second loops through the queue and delivers the mail. By specifying `putmail_enqueue.py` as the program `msmtpd` runs, I can "send" an email now, and it just waits for me to run `putmail_dequeue.py` later. Here is my `msmtpd` startup command, specifying `putmail_enqueue.py` as the item to be used for mail delivery. + +``` +msmtpd --port=1025 --log=/tmp/msmtpd.log --command='putmail_enqueue.py -f %F' - +``` + +I use the following script as a `presynchook` in `offlineimap` to check to see if I am connected, and if so, send mail. + +``` +#!/bin/bash +echo Sending queued messages \(if any\) +QUEUEDMAIL=$(find $HOME/.putmail/queue -type f | wc -l) +if [ $QUEUEDMAIL -ne 0 ]; then +  ping -n -c 1 imap.gmail.com >/dev/null 2>/dev/null +  if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then +    putmail_dequeue.py +  fi +fi +``` + +After all that, I can use any mail client I wish and send mail with a standard SMTP call to `localhost:1025` and have it delivered next time I'm connected to the internet. And the best part is, I don't have to change my workflow for email if I'm home or traveling — it all just happens automatically in the background. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/send-email-putmail + +作者：[Kevin Sonney][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ksonney +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/email_chat_communication_message.png +[2]: https://www.offlineimap.org/ +[3]: https://www.dovecot.org/ +[4]: https://marlam.de/msmtp/ +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/sync-email-offlineimap +[6]: https://github.com/tgray/putmail From e657932bab7caccb6762753439c78004b3565929 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Tue, 17 May 2022 18:06:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 060/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?news]:=2020220517=20Kali=20Linux=202022.2=20Release=20Adds=20an?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Amusing=20New=20Feature=20for=20the=20Hackers=20to=20Scare?= =?UTF-8?q?=20People.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md | 114 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 114 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220517 Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220517 Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md b/sources/news/20220517 Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd23b47c63 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220517 Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +[#]: subject: "Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/kali-linux-2022-2-release/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People +====== +Kali Linux 2022.2 is the second update for this year with some fascinating additions. + +![kali linux][1] + +Kali Linux is not your usual Linux distribution. It is specially tailored for penetration testing and ethical hackers to learn/experiment. + +We get interesting tools and feature additions with a new Kali Linux release. Let us take a look at the highlights for Kali Linux 2022.2. + +### Kali Linux 2022.2: What’s New? + +Kali Linux 2022.2 is an intriguing release introducing updated desktop environments, upgrading the Linux Kernel, adding new tools, and more improvements. + +Not just limited to the usual refinements, you also get to see a new screensaver with many surprising elements. + +#### The New Screensaver with Hollywood Nostalgia + +Kali Linux has been featured in numerous TV Shows/Movies (like Mr. Robot) where they focus on hacking, considering it looks cool. + +To take it up a notch, Kali Linux has added a new screensaver (that you can separately install), with surprising elements from Hollywood and some hacking scenes to scare away people. + +They tease Matrix’s Neo, and also add a beautiful Kali Linux logo in the screensaver. + +![][2] + +The entire screensaver includes several elements, which is awesome. To install and launch it immediately, you can type in the following commands: + +``` +sudo apt -y install kali-screensaver +sudo apt -y install hollywood-activate +hollywood-activate +``` + +In case, you just want the video for other platforms, you can download the video above (re-hosted from Kali Linux’s blog). + +#### GNOME 42 + +![][3] + +Kali Linux finally includes the new [GNOME 42][4] desktop environment. So, you should expect all the goodness of GNOME 42 with Kali Linux, including the new screenshot user interface. + +Also, you will be getting a consistent dark/light theme experience now with the GNOME desktop environment. + +![][5] + +#### KDE Plasma 5.24 + +For KDE fans, Kali Linux 2022.2 brings in the new [KDE Plasma 5.24][6] LTS desktop environment. + +![][7] + +#### New Kali Linux Tools + +The new tools are always the focus of every new release. Some of the new additions include: + +* BruteShark – Network Forensic Analysis Tool (NFAT) +* Evil-WinRM – Ultimate WinRM shell +* Hakrawler – Web crawler designed for easy, quick discovery of endpoints and assets +* Httpx – Fast and multi-purpose HTTP toolkit +* Sparrow-wifi – Graphical Wi-Fi Analyzer for Linux + +#### Other Improvements + +There are many other substantial improvements with the release. The key highlights include: + +* Tweaks for terminal to enhance syntax highlighting, autocompletion, and the output. +* Auomated copy of missing configurations +* VirtualBox shared folder support. +* Addition of new app icons. +* Default wallpaper tweaked for multi-monitor setups. +* Updates for ARM devices. +* Linux Kernel 5.16 + +To explore more about the release, you can check out the [official release announcement][8]. + +### Download Kali Linux 2022.2 + +You should be able to find the the image in the [official download page][9]. Choose the appropriate version as per your requirements and get it installed. + +[Kali Linux 2022.2][10] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/kali-linux-2022-2-release/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-2022-2-release-new.jpg +[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-linux-screensaver.jpg +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-linux-gnome-42.jpg +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-42-features/ +[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-linux-gnome-42-screenshot.jpg +[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kde-plasma-5-24-lts-release/ +[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-linux-kde-5-24-1024x640.jpg +[8]: https://www.kali.org/blog/kali-linux-2022-2-release/ +[9]: https://www.kali.org/get-kali/ +[10]: https://www.kali.org/get-kali/ From e2d74bbc94663d56b65e8d50b3138dff7158fe30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Tue, 17 May 2022 18:13:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 061/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?news]:=2020220517=20Adobe=20Illustrator=20Alternative=20Inkscap?= =?UTF-8?q?e=20Releases=20Version=201.2.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md | 112 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 112 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md b/sources/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..660ea72235 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +[#]: subject: "Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/inkscape-1-2-release/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2 +====== +Inkscape 1.2 is an exciting update with many useful improvements and feature additions. Take it for a spin! + +![inkscape][1] + +Inkscape is a popular open-source vector graphics program available for Linux, Windows, and macOS. + +The latest release focuses on refinements to existing tools and more customization options. + +There are also a couple of new additions to the application. Let’s take a look. + +### Inkscape 1.2: What’s New? + +[Inkscape 1.2 is here!][2] + +![][3] + +Inkscape 1.2 is an exciting update with many useful enhancements. Some of the key changes include: + +* Improved gradient editor +* New snapping modes +* Support for Multi-page documents +* Improved export dialog +* Customizable toolbar + +Here, I shall highlight the important feature improvements: + +#### Multi-Page Document Support + +![][4] + +You can now create standard/custom-size pages in the same document, and finalize them by saving them as a multi-page PDF. + +Not the ability to export, but you can also import a multi-page PDF to make things easy. + +### Customize Color Palette + +Easily change the size, reconfigure the colors to explore the available color palettes, and select the one you really like. + +It should make things quicker when you require working with several color palettes in the user interface. + +### New ‘Tiling’ Live Path Effect + +If you are working with a large number of objects and want to explore path effects, the new tiling live path effect should be interesting. + +You can easily tweak the mirroring mode, adjust the gap, add rows and columns, and get numerous opportunities to get creative. + +### Layers and Object Dialog + +![][5] + +Most of the improvements make the experience more straightforward than it already was. With the new merged layers and object dialog, you can quickly organize/find objects per the layer you’re looking for. + +You can even customize the layer and object colors to differentiate them. + +### Export Dialog + +![][6] + +The export dialog now provides you options to choose a simple/batch export along with the ability to pick a file format and DPI settings. + +### Other Improvements + +In addition to the key highlights, some of the significant changes include: + +* Two new modes of on-canvas snapping help align objects. +* You can choose the gradients right within the Fill and Stroke dialog box. +* The ability to edit a marker. +* Improved compatibility with extensions. +* Updated SVG font editor. +* Performance improvements. +* Configurable toolbar. + +You can refer to the [Inkscape 1.2 release notes][7] to explore all the technical changes. + +### Download Inkscape 1.2 + +You can download Inkscape 1.2 as an AppImage from its official website or check other available packages for Windows/macOS platforms. + +[Inkscape 1.2][8] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/inkscape-1-2-release/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/inkscape-1-2.jpg +[2]: https://youtu.be/1U4hVbvRr_g +[3]: https://youtu.be/1U4hVbvRr_g +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/inkscape-1-2-multi-document.jpg +[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/inkscape-1-2layers-objects-1024x593.jpg +[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/inkscape1-2-export-1024x688.jpg +[7]: https://media.inkscape.org/media/doc/release_notes/1.2/Inkscape_1.2.html +[8]: https://inkscape.org/release/inkscape-1.2/ From 43a6af56a6ba76eabaf916ff1e398111a020c009 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Tue, 17 May 2022 19:51:21 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 062/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220517=20Top=2010=20Best=20GNOME=20Extensions=20in?= =?UTF-8?q?=202022.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...17 Top 10 Best GNOME Extensions in 2022.md | 196 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 196 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220517 Top 10 Best GNOME Extensions in 2022.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220517 Top 10 Best GNOME Extensions in 2022.md b/sources/tech/20220517 Top 10 Best GNOME Extensions in 2022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b05583366a --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220517 Top 10 Best GNOME Extensions in 2022.md @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ +[#]: subject: "Top 10 Best GNOME Extensions in 2022" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/gnome-extensions-2022/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Top 10 Best GNOME Extensions in 2022 +====== +You can try a list of 10 finest GNOME Extensions in 2022 in Ubuntu, Fedora, and other Linux distributions. Take a look. + +It’s time to refresh the list of best GNOME Extensions that we [featured][1] sometime back. The primary reason is the iconic GNOME 42 release that brings GTK4, libadwaita, native dark style and much more updates. + +As GNOME progresses towards a more user-friendly experience, the extension ecosystem also evolves with updated features and extensions for the latest GNOME desktop. Many extensions were discontinued because of lack of interest or simply not being relevant with GNOME versions. + +One of the critical aspects of extension is that with every new GNOME release, the extensions require updates conforming to the latest GNOME version. At the same time, this ensures quality but is also a little difficult for the developer to keep up with two major GNOME releases per year. + +If my math is correct, there are about 400+ extensions present on the official website for all possible tweaks in the GNOME desktop. Hence, we list the 10 best GNOME Extensions that you can try out in Ubuntu Linux, Fedora Workstation, openSUSE or any Linux distribution with a GNOME desktop environment. + +*Note: These GNOME extensions are tested with GNOME 42.* + +### Top 10 GNOME Extensions in 2022 (for everyone) + +The following list of extensions requires initial setup for GNOME extensions which you need to enable as per your Linux distribution. Refer [to this guide for the initial setup][2]. Moreover, to manage these extensions, you should install the [Extensions][3] app from Flathub. + +#### 1. Arc Menu + +The popular Arc Menu GNOME Extension gives you a traditional desktop menu from the modern GNOME desktop panel. It brings well-categorised menu items with installed applications in your system. Arc menu is one of the best GNOME Extensions, which is a must for every workflow. + +A shortcut for the activities overview of GNOME is a nifty feature which is a plus. Moreover, Arc Menu also gives you a search bar which kicks off when you start typing for easy navigation. In addition, you get the logout, restart, lock and power off the menu at the bottom of the Arc Menu. + +Here’s how it looks. + +Try [Arc Menu][4] in GNOME Extension. + +![Arc Menu GNOME Extension][5] + +#### 2. Dash to Panel + +The second extension in this list is the famous “Dash to Panel”, a fixed panel for the GNOME desktop that combines the default dock and top panel. It is essential for the GNOME desktop because it gives you much bigger flexibility in your workflow. With its extensive options such as position, colour, transparency, size, etc., you can make your panel look like anything. + +One of the best GNOME extensions, and you can download it from here. + +[Dash to Panel][6] + +![Dash to Panel with its settings][7] + +#### 3. Blur My Shell + +If you want the ultimate blur effect in the entire GNOME desktop, you should install ‘Blur My Shell’. As its name says, it blurs the application overview screen, application view and the default top panels. + +In addition, you can also control the blur intensity, and brightness with this extension. If you use the Dash to Dock extension, you can also blur the dock! + +Here’s a side by side view of how it looks without blur and with blur effects. + +[Blur My Shell][8] + +![][9] + +![][10] + +#### 4. Floating Dock + +If you want a different type of dock for your GNOME desktop, try Floating Dock. As its name suggests, it creates a dock that floats on your desktop. Moreover, you can easily use the drag handle to place it anywhere. + +One of the exciting features is that this extension gives you the flexibility to change the pop out direction of the dock. For example, you can change the dock to expand to the right side via its context menu (which opens via a right-click on the dock handle). + +[Floating Dock][11] + +![Floating Dock][12] + +![Floating dock position change][13] + +#### 5. Gnome 4x UI Improvements + +The fifth extension is a combination of several tweaks for your GNOME desktop. Using the GNOME 4x UI Improvements, you can do the followings. + +* Hide the application view search bar +* Increase the desktop thumbnail scale in the overview +* Change the desktop thumbnail background +* Hide thumbnail when there is only one workspace +* And display Firefox PIP (picture in picture) window in the overview! + +These are neat features that give a cleaner look to the GNOME desktop. + +Here is a side-by-side view of the extension with all its options enabled (before and after). + +[GNOME 40x UI Improvements][14] + +![Before GNOME 40x UI Improvements][15] + +![GNOME 40x UI Improvements][16] + +#### 6. User Themes + +If you plan to use any custom GNOME Shell themes, you need an extension. It helps you apply the custom Shell themes quickly unless you try it via GNOME Tweaks. Moreover, you can use the GNOME Classic themes as well. + +An extension that is a must for custom themes, and try it [from this link][17]. + +![User Themes Extension][18] + +#### 7. Desktop Icons NG (DING) + +If you are one of those folks who like icons on the desktop and feel little comfortable with items in the desktop, then this is a perfect extension for you. The Desktop Icons bring back the original desktop icons with drag and drop features. Moreover, you can also tweak it further to change the size of the desktop icons, alignment and other additional features, as shown below. + +One of the best extensions that is available today. + +[Desktop Icons NG (DING)][19] + +![Desktop Icons Extension][20] + +#### 8. GSConnect + +GSConnect is a complete implementation of the [KDE Connect][21]application. The GSConnect helps you connect your Android device to get alerts and notifications at your GNOME desktop. In addition, GSCOnnect seamlessly integrates with Nautilus, Google Chrome and Firefox. Furthermore, using GSConnect it is possible to remote control your Android mobile phone, share a clipboard, reply to SMSes and many additional features. + +One of the must-have Extensions for productive work. + +[GSConnect Extension][22] + +![GSConnect (Image credit: developer)][23] + +#### 9. Clipboard Indicator + +Clipboard indicator is one of the best among GNOME Extensions which gives you a running list of Clipboard history in your system. Ideal for heavy work, it gives you options for the number of items in the list, refreshes interval, option to clear history and many such features as in the below image. + +You can try it here: [Clipboard Indicator][24]. + +![Clipboard Indicator GNOME Extension][25] + +#### 10. Vitals + +The final extension in the list of Top 10 Extensions is Vitals. Vitals helps you to monitor your system hardware metric from the system tray. You can check the temperature, voltage, fan speed, storage utilisation and many more features. Furthermore, you can change the position of the Vitals menu and tweak the refresh internal and some more features as below. + +[Vitals][26] + +![Vitals – GNOME Extensions][27] + +Finally, here are another 5 GNOME Extensions which you may want to try. These are simple, but they are handy. + +#### Bonus GNOME Extensions + +11. [Net Speed SImplified][28]: Shows the internet upload and download speed at the top panel, near the system tray.12. [Espresso][29]: A perfect extension helps you disable the screensaver and stand-by modes. FOr example, if you are watching Netflix or any videos and don’t want the screensaver to kick in.13. [OpenWeather][30]: Shows weather forecast and information from any location from Planet Earth at the top bar of GNOME Shell.14.[Tray Icons: Reloaded][31]: If you miss the tray icons for applications, try this extension. One of the best ones on the list.15. [Lock Keys][32]: Finally, if you need an indicator for CAPS and NUM lock keys at the system tray, use this Extension. + +### Closing Notes + +It isn’t easy to filter out the best 10 from hundreds of extensions. Also, the choice is different for everyone. With that said, I hope you find this list of best GNOME Extensions in 2022 helpful and get to use them in your daily workflow. + +What are your favourite GNOME extensions of all time? Let me know in the comment section below. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/gnome-extensions-2022/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/04/gnome-40-extensions/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/05/how-to-install-and-use-gnome-shell-extensions-in-ubuntu/ +[3]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.gnome.Extensions +[4]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3628/arcmenu/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Arc-Menu-GNOME-Extension.jpg +[6]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1160/dash-to-panel/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Dash-to-Panel-with-its-settings.jpg +[8]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3193/blur-my-shell/ +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Before-Blur-My-Shell-Extension.jpg +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Blur-My-Shell-Extension.jpg +[11]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/2542/floating-dock/ +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Floating-Dock.gif +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Floating-dock-position-change.gif +[14]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/4158/gnome-40-ui-improvements/ +[15]: https://i2.wp.com/www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Before-GNOME-40x-UI-Improvements.jpg?ssl=1 +[16]: https://i1.wp.com/www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/GNOME-40x-UI-Improvements.jpg?ssl=1 +[17]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/19/user-themes/ +[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/User-Themes-Extension.jpg +[19]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/2087/desktop-icons-ng-ding/ +[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Desktop-Icons-Extenstion.gif +[21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/kde-connect-guide/ +[22]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1319/gsconnect/ +[23]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/GSConnect-Image-credit-developer.jpg +[24]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/779/clipboard-indicator/ +[25]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Clipboard-Indicator-GNOME-Extension.jpg +[26]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1460/vitals/ +[27]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Vitals-GNOME-Extensions-2.jpg +[28]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3724/net-speed-simplified/ +[29]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/4135/espresso/ +[30]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/750/openweather/ +[31]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/2890/tray-icons-reloaded/ +[32]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1532/lock-keys/ From f7a9654c20a9b7f54381ec871d9a32f789975925 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Miak <105470784+yesimmia@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 18 May 2022 01:40:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 063/333] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...The BBC Micro.md => 20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) rename sources/talk/20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md => 20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md (99%) diff --git a/sources/talk/20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md b/20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md similarity index 99% rename from sources/talk/20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md rename to 20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md index 2bd822cd18..bb5ee313c8 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md +++ b/20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://twobithistory.org/2019/03/31/bbc-micro.html" [#]: author: "Two-Bit History https://twobithistory.org" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "yesimmia" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 8b2f21a3a8aa767bbed6093b18999c2de1b3694b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Wed, 18 May 2022 08:46:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 064/333] translated --- ...ximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md | 109 ------------------ ...ximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md | 109 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 109 insertions(+), 109 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md b/sources/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8563855571..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,109 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation" -[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/how-to-enable-minimize-and-maximize-buttons-in-fedora/" -[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation -====== -Today, we will see one of the post installation steps in Fedora desktop. This brief guide explains how to enable minimize and maximize buttons in application windows in Fedora GNOME Workstation and Silverblue editions. - -### Introduction - -As you may already know, there is no minimize and maximize buttons in Application windows in Fedora Silverblue as well as Fedora GNOME Workstation editions. - -If you want to minimize an application window, you need to right click on its title bar and choose the minimize option from the context menu. - -Unfortunately, you don't even get that option in Firefox with your mouse. To minimize Firefox window, you should hit the **Left ALT+SPACEBAR** keys and choose Minimize option. - -I don't know what is the benefit of hiding most frequently used buttons. Ubuntu GNOME desktop has the min/max buttons, but Fedora hasn't. - -If you want to bring back the minimize and maximize buttons in Fedora GNOME and Silverblue editions, you can enable them with the help of **Gnome Tweaks** utility and **Dash to Panel** extension in Fedora. - -### Install Gnome Tweaks in Fedora - -**Gnome Tweaks**, previously known as **Tweak Tool**, is a Graphical interface for advanced GNOME 3 settings. It is primarily designed for GNOME Shell, however it can be used in other desktops as well. You may not have all features if you use Tweaks on a different desktop. It is available in the default repositories of Fedora. So you can install Gnome Tweaks on Fedora using `dnf` package manager like below: - -``` -$ sudo dnf install gnome-tweaks -``` - -If you are on Fedora Silverblue, you need to enter into your toolbox container using command: - -``` -$ toolbox enter -``` - -And then install Tweaks as shown in the previous command. - -### Add Gnome Shell Integration Add-on In Browser - -Make sure you have added **"Gnome Shell Integration"** add-on in your browser. This extension provides integration with GNOME shell and the corresponding extensions repository. - -If you haven't added it yet, go to Plugins sections and search for it and install it. - -![Add Gnome Shell Integration Add-on In Firefox Browser][1] - -A pop up window will appear. Click "Add" to enable the add-on. After adding this extension, you will see the GNOME logo on the browser's tool bar. - -### Enable Dash to panel extension in Fedora - -The **Dash to panel** extension is an icon taskbar for the Gnome Shell. This extension moves the dash into the gnome main panel so that the application launchers and system tray are combined into a single panel, similar to that found in KDE Plasma and Windows 7+ operating systems. - -The Dash to panel extension gives you a permanently visible panel with favorite shortcuts. So a separate dock is no longer needed for easy access to running and favorited applications. - -To enable Dash to panel extension, go to **GNOME extensions** site and search for **"Dash to panel"** extension. - -![Search for Dash to panel extension in Gnome extensions site][2] - -Click the Dash to panel link in the search results. You will be redirected to Dash to panel extension official page. Click on the **ON** button. - -![Enable Dash to panel extension][3] - -In the next window, click Install button to enable Dash to panel extension. - -![Install Dash to panel extension][4] - -One this extension is activated, you will see the Dash panel at the bottom along with your favorite shortcuts. - -### Enable minimize and maximize buttons in Fedora - -Open the **Gnome Tweaks** application. Go to **Windows Tittlebars** and toggle min/max buttons on. - -![Enable minimize and maximize buttons in application windows in Fedora][5] - -As soon as you toggled the min/max buttons on, the minimize and maximize buttons will appear in all applications windows. - -![Minimize, maximize buttons appears in applications windows in Fedora][6] - -By default, the min/max buttons are visible at the right side. You can change its position to left or right. - -The Dash to panel extension has lots of fine tuning and customization options. Right click on the Dash panel and choose Settings option and start customizing it as per your liking. - -**Resource:** - -* [Dash to panel website][7] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-enable-minimize-and-maximize-buttons-in-fedora/ - -作者：[sk][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Add-Gnome-Shell-Integration-Add-on-In-Firefox-Browser.png -[2]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Search-for-Dash-to-panel-extension-in-Gnome-extensions-site.png -[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Enable-Dash-to-panel-extension.png -[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Install-Dash-to-panel-extension.png -[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Enable-Minimize-And-Maximize-Buttons-In-Application-Windows-In-Fedora.png -[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Minimize-maximize-buttons-appears-in-applications-windows-in-Fedora.png -[7]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1160/dash-to-panel/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md b/translated/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..de5b485bb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220514 How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation.md @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +[#]: subject: "How To Enable Minimize And Maximize Buttons In Fedora 36 Workstation" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/how-to-enable-minimize-and-maximize-buttons-in-fedora/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +如何在 Fedora 36 Workstation 中启用最小化和最大化按钮 +====== +今天，我们将看到 Fedora 桌面的安装后步骤之一。这个简短的指南解释了如何在 Fedora GNOME Workstation 和 Silverblue 版本的应用窗口中启用最小化和最大化按钮。 + +### 介绍 + +你可能已经知道，Fedora Silverblue 和 Fedora GNOME Workstation 版本的应用窗口中没有最小化和最大化按钮。 + +如果要最小化应用窗口，需要右键单击其标题栏并从上下文菜单中选择最小化选项。 + +不幸的是，你甚至无法在 Firefox 中使用鼠标获得该选项。要最小化 Firefox 窗口，你要点击**左 ALT+空格**键并选择最小化选项。 + +我不知道隐藏最常用的按钮有什么好处。 Ubuntu GNOME 桌面有最小/最大按钮，但 Fedora 没有。 + +如果你想恢复 Fedora GNOME 和 Silverblue 版本中的最小化和最大化按钮，你可以借助 Fedora 中的 **Gnome Tweaks** 程序和 **Dash to Panel** 扩展来启用它们。 + +### 在 Fedora 中安装 Gnome Tweaks + +**Gnome Tweaks**，以前称为 **Tweak Tool**，是用于高级 GNOME 3 设置的图形界面。它主要是为 GNOME Shell 设计的，但也可以在其他桌面中使用。如果你在不同的桌面上使用 Tweaks，你可能无法拥有所有功能。它在 Fedora 的默认仓库中可用。因此，你可以使用 dnf 包管理器在 Fedora 上安装 Gnome Tweaks，如下所示： + +``` +$ sudo dnf install gnome-tweaks +``` + +如果你使用 Fedora Silverblue，你需要使用以下命令进入你的 toolbox 容器： + +``` +$ toolbox enter +``` + +然后按照前面的命令安装 Tweaks。 + +### 在浏览器中添加 Gnome Shell Integration 插件 + +确保你在浏览器中添加了 **“Gnome Shell Integration”** 插件。此扩展提供与 GNOME shell 和相应扩展仓库的集成。 + +如果你尚未添加它，请转到插件页并搜索并安装它。 + +![Add Gnome Shell Integration Add-on In Firefox Browser][1] + +将出现一个弹出窗口。单击“添加”以启用加载项。添加此扩展程序后，你将在浏览器的工具栏上看到 GNOME 图标。 + +### 在 Fedora 中启用 Dash 到面板扩展 + +**Dash to panel** 扩展是 Gnome Shell 的图标任务栏。此扩展将 dash 移动到 gnome 主面板中，以便将应用启动器和系统托盘组合到一个面板中，类似于 KDE Plasma 和 Windows 7 以上操作系统中的面板。 + +Dash to panel 扩展为你提供了一个永久可见的面板，其中包含最喜欢的快捷方式。因此，不再需要单独的 dock 来轻松访问正在运行和收藏的应用。 + +要启用 Dash to panel 扩展，请进入 **GNOME extensions** 站点并搜索 **“Dash to panel”** 扩展。 + +![Search for Dash to panel extension in Gnome extensions site][2] + +单击搜索结果中的 Dash to panel 链接。你将被重定向到 Dash to panel 扩展的官方页面。点击 **ON** 按钮。 + +![Enable Dash to panel extension][3] + +在下一个窗口中，单击安装按钮以启用 Dash to panel 扩展。 + +![Install Dash to panel extension][4] + +激活此扩展程序后，你将在底部看到 Dash 面板以及你最喜欢的快捷方式。 + +### 在 Fedora 中启用最小化和最大化按钮 + +打开 **Gnome Tweaks** 应用。进入 **Windows Tittlebars** 并打开最小/最大按钮。 + +![Enable minimize and maximize buttons in application windows in Fedora][5] + +当你打开最小/最大按钮，最小化和最大化按钮将出现在所有应用的窗口中。 + +![Minimize, maximize buttons appears in applications windows in Fedora][6] + +默认情况下，最小/最大按钮在右侧可见。你可以将其位置更改为左侧或右侧。 + +Dash to panel 扩展有很多微调和自定义选项。右键单击 Dash 面板并选择设置选项，然后根据你的喜好开始对其进行自定义。 + +**资源：** + +* [Dash to panel 网站][7] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-enable-minimize-and-maximize-buttons-in-fedora/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Add-Gnome-Shell-Integration-Add-on-In-Firefox-Browser.png +[2]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Search-for-Dash-to-panel-extension-in-Gnome-extensions-site.png +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Enable-Dash-to-panel-extension.png +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Install-Dash-to-panel-extension.png +[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Enable-Minimize-And-Maximize-Buttons-In-Application-Windows-In-Fedora.png +[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Minimize-maximize-buttons-appears-in-applications-windows-in-Fedora.png +[7]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1160/dash-to-panel/ From 4cc3311b7a1e04d7b682a18fbcaf5d56d1713086 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Wed, 18 May 2022 08:50:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 065/333] translating --- .../tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md b/sources/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md index 7df8ba5341..a35bd008ad 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/reset-root-password-in-fedora/" [#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 1ed83cc7df7e3873c4622085dee688df8181ede3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Wed, 18 May 2022 10:41:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 066/333] ALL @wxy https://linux.cn/article-14606-1.html --- ...Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md | 115 ++++++++++++++++++ ...Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md | 114 ----------------- 2 files changed, 115 insertions(+), 114 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20220517 Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220517 Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md diff --git a/published/20220517 Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md b/published/20220517 Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f604885536 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220517 Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +[#]: subject: "Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/kali-linux-2022-2-release/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "wxy" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14606-1.html" + +Kali Linux 2022.2 发布：增加了一个吓唬人的有趣新功能 +====== + +> Kali Linux 2022.2 是今年的第二次更新，增加了一些有趣的内容。 + +![kali linux][1] + +Kali Linux 不是你寻常使用的 Linux 发行版。它是专门为渗透测试和道德黑客学习及实验而量身打造的。 + +在新的 Kali Linux 版本中，增加了一些有趣的工具和功能。让我们来看看 Kali Linux 2022.2 的亮点。 + +### Kali Linux 2022.2 有什么新功能？ + +Kali Linux 2022.2 是一个有趣的版本，它引入了更新的桌面环境，升级了 Linux 内核，增加了新的工具，以及更多的改进。 + +不仅仅限于通常的完善，你还可以看到一个新的屏幕保护程序，其中有许多令人惊讶的元素。 + +#### 带有好莱坞怀旧色彩的新屏保 + +Kali Linux 已经出现在许多黑客相关的电视节目/电影（如《黑客军团Mr. Robot》）中，看起来酷极了。 + +更进一步，Kali Linux 增加了一个新的屏幕保护程序（你可以单独安装），其中有来自好莱坞的令人惊讶的元素和一些吓唬人的黑客场景。 + +他们在屏保中调侃了《黑客帝国》的尼奥，还添加了一个漂亮的 Kali Linux 标志。 + +![][2] + +整个屏幕保护程序包括几个非常棒的元素。要安装并立即启动它，你可以输入以下命令： + +``` +sudo apt -y install kali-screensaver +sudo apt -y install hollywood-activate +hollywood-activate +``` + +![VIDEO](https://player.vimeo.com/video/710680907) + +#### GNOME 42 + +![][3] + +Kali Linux 终于包含了新的 [GNOME 42][4] 桌面环境。所以，在 Kali Linux 自然带有 GNOME 42 的所有优点，包括新的屏幕截图用户界面。 + +另外，现在你将会在 GNOME 桌面环境中获得一致的深浅主题体验。 + +![][5] + +#### KDE Plasma 5.24 + +对于 KDE 粉丝，Kali Linux 2022.2 也带来了新的 [KDE Plasma 5.24][6] LTS 桌面环境。 + +![][7] + +#### 新的 Kali Linux 工具 + +新的工具总是每个新版本的重点。一些新增加的工具包括： + +* BruteShark - 网络取证分析工具（NFAT） +* Evil-WinRM - Ultimate WinRM shell +* Hakrawler - 网络爬虫，设计用于轻松、快速发现端点和资产 +* Httpx - 快速和多用途的 HTTP 工具箱 +* Sparrow-wifi - 用于 Linux 的图形化 Wi-Fi 分析器 + +#### 其他改进 + +该版本还有许多其他实质性的改进。主要的亮点包括。 + +* 对终端进行了调整，以加强语法高亮、自动补完和输出 +* 自动复制丢失的配置 +* 支持 VirtualBox 共享文件夹 +* 增加了新的应用程序图标 +* 为多显示器设置调整了默认墙纸 +* 针对 ARM 设备的更新 +* Linux 内核 5.16 + +要探索更多关于该版本的信息，你可以查看 [官方发布公告][8]。 + +### 下载 Kali Linux 2022.2 + +你应该能够在 [官方下载页面][9] 中找到该镜像。根据你的要求选择合适的版本，然后安装它。 + +> **[Kali Linux 2022.2][10]** + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/kali-linux-2022-2-release/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-2022-2-release-new.jpg +[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-linux-screensaver.jpg +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-linux-gnome-42.jpg +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-42-features/ +[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-linux-gnome-42-screenshot.jpg +[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kde-plasma-5-24-lts-release/ +[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-linux-kde-5-24-1024x640.jpg +[8]: https://www.kali.org/blog/kali-linux-2022-2-release/ +[9]: https://www.kali.org/get-kali/ +[10]: https://www.kali.org/get-kali/ diff --git a/sources/news/20220517 Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md b/sources/news/20220517 Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md deleted file mode 100644 index cd23b47c63..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220517 Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,114 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/kali-linux-2022-2-release/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Kali Linux 2022.2 Release Adds an Amusing New Feature for the Hackers to Scare People -====== -Kali Linux 2022.2 is the second update for this year with some fascinating additions. - -![kali linux][1] - -Kali Linux is not your usual Linux distribution. It is specially tailored for penetration testing and ethical hackers to learn/experiment. - -We get interesting tools and feature additions with a new Kali Linux release. Let us take a look at the highlights for Kali Linux 2022.2. - -### Kali Linux 2022.2: What’s New? - -Kali Linux 2022.2 is an intriguing release introducing updated desktop environments, upgrading the Linux Kernel, adding new tools, and more improvements. - -Not just limited to the usual refinements, you also get to see a new screensaver with many surprising elements. - -#### The New Screensaver with Hollywood Nostalgia - -Kali Linux has been featured in numerous TV Shows/Movies (like Mr. Robot) where they focus on hacking, considering it looks cool. - -To take it up a notch, Kali Linux has added a new screensaver (that you can separately install), with surprising elements from Hollywood and some hacking scenes to scare away people. - -They tease Matrix’s Neo, and also add a beautiful Kali Linux logo in the screensaver. - -![][2] - -The entire screensaver includes several elements, which is awesome. To install and launch it immediately, you can type in the following commands: - -``` -sudo apt -y install kali-screensaver -sudo apt -y install hollywood-activate -hollywood-activate -``` - -In case, you just want the video for other platforms, you can download the video above (re-hosted from Kali Linux’s blog). - -#### GNOME 42 - -![][3] - -Kali Linux finally includes the new [GNOME 42][4] desktop environment. So, you should expect all the goodness of GNOME 42 with Kali Linux, including the new screenshot user interface. - -Also, you will be getting a consistent dark/light theme experience now with the GNOME desktop environment. - -![][5] - -#### KDE Plasma 5.24 - -For KDE fans, Kali Linux 2022.2 brings in the new [KDE Plasma 5.24][6] LTS desktop environment. - -![][7] - -#### New Kali Linux Tools - -The new tools are always the focus of every new release. Some of the new additions include: - -* BruteShark – Network Forensic Analysis Tool (NFAT) -* Evil-WinRM – Ultimate WinRM shell -* Hakrawler – Web crawler designed for easy, quick discovery of endpoints and assets -* Httpx – Fast and multi-purpose HTTP toolkit -* Sparrow-wifi – Graphical Wi-Fi Analyzer for Linux - -#### Other Improvements - -There are many other substantial improvements with the release. The key highlights include: - -* Tweaks for terminal to enhance syntax highlighting, autocompletion, and the output. -* Auomated copy of missing configurations -* VirtualBox shared folder support. -* Addition of new app icons. -* Default wallpaper tweaked for multi-monitor setups. -* Updates for ARM devices. -* Linux Kernel 5.16 - -To explore more about the release, you can check out the [official release announcement][8]. - -### Download Kali Linux 2022.2 - -You should be able to find the the image in the [official download page][9]. Choose the appropriate version as per your requirements and get it installed. - -[Kali Linux 2022.2][10] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/kali-linux-2022-2-release/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-2022-2-release-new.jpg -[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-linux-screensaver.jpg -[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-linux-gnome-42.jpg -[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-42-features/ -[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-linux-gnome-42-screenshot.jpg -[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kde-plasma-5-24-lts-release/ -[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kali-linux-kde-5-24-1024x640.jpg -[8]: https://www.kali.org/blog/kali-linux-2022-2-release/ -[9]: https://www.kali.org/get-kali/ -[10]: https://www.kali.org/get-kali/ From b861fb953ce800ef8dfd39a76657aea9f168a589 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Wed, 18 May 2022 15:10:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 067/333] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14607-1.html --- ...ne Learning Model Development Made Easy.md | 35 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220509 PyCaret- Machine Learning Model Development Made Easy.md (71%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220509 PyCaret- Machine Learning Model Development Made Easy.md b/published/20220509 PyCaret- Machine Learning Model Development Made Easy.md similarity index 71% rename from translated/tech/20220509 PyCaret- Machine Learning Model Development Made Easy.md rename to published/20220509 PyCaret- Machine Learning Model Development Made Easy.md index 8c53d48d99..74e081e7bf 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220509 PyCaret- Machine Learning Model Development Made Easy.md +++ b/published/20220509 PyCaret- Machine Learning Model Development Made Easy.md @@ -3,17 +3,18 @@ [#]: author: "S Ratan Kumar https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/s-ratan/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14607-1.html" PyCaret：机器学习模型开发变得简单 ====== -在当今快节奏的数字世界中，组织使用低代码/无代码 (LC/NC) 应用来快速构建新的信息系统。本文介绍 PyCaret，一个用 Python 编写的低代码机器学习库。 + +> 在当今快节奏的数字世界中，机构们使用低代码/无代码（LC/NC）应用来快速构建新的信息系统。本文将介绍 PyCaret，这是一个用 Python 编写的低代码机器学习库。 ![Featured-image-of-pycaret][1] -PyCaret 是 R 编程语言中 Caret（分类和回归训练的缩写）包的 Python 版本，具有许多优点。 +PyCaret 是 R 编程语言中 Caret（分类和回归训练Classification And REgression Training的缩写）包的 Python 版本，具有许多优点。 - **提高工作效率：** PyCaret 是一个低代码库，可让你提高工作效率。由于花费更少的时间进行编码，你和你的团队现在可以专注于业务问题。 - **易于使用：** 这个简单易用的机器学习库将帮助你以更少的代码行执行端到端的机器学习实验。 @@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ pip install pycaret [full] #### 步骤 1 - 首先，通过给出以下命令安装 PyCaret： +首先，通过给出以下命令安装 PyCaret： ``` pip install pycaret @@ -49,10 +50,10 @@ pip install pycaret ``` from pycaret.datasets import get_data -dataset = get_data(‘iris’)  -(or) +dataset = get_data('iris')  +（或者） import pandas as pd -dataset = pd.read_csv(/path_to_data/file.csv’) +dataset = pd.read_csv('/path_to_data/file.csv') ``` #### 步骤 3 @@ -63,12 +64,12 @@ dataset = pd.read_csv(/path_to_data/file.csv’) ``` from pycaret.classification import * -clf1 = setup (data=dataset, target = ‘species’) +clf1 = setup(data=dataset, target = ‘species’) ``` ![PyCaret environment setup result][4] -对于使用 PyCaret 构建任何类型的模型，环境设置是最重要的一步。默认情况下，*setup()* 函数采用 *data*: Pandas DataFrame 和 target，它指向数据集中的类标签变量。 setup 函数的结果如图 3 所示。 setup 函数默认将 70% 的数据拆分为训练集，30% 作为测试集，并进行数据预处理，如图 3 所示。 +使用 PyCaret 构建任何类型的模型，环境设置是最重要的一步。默认情况下，`setup()` 函数接受参数 `data`（Pandas 数据帧）和 `target`（指向数据集中的类标签变量）。`setup()` 函数的结果如图 3 所示。 `setup()` 函数默认将 70% 的数据拆分为训练集，30% 作为测试集，并进行数据预处理，如图 3 所示。 #### 步骤 4 @@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ clf1 = setup (data=dataset, target = ‘species’) best = compare_models() ``` -默认情况下，*compare_models()* 应用十倍交叉验证，并针对具有较少训练时间的不同分类器计算不同的性能指标，如准确度、AUC、召回率、精度、F1 分数、Kappa 和 MCC，如图 4 所示。通过将 tubro=True 传递给 *compare_models()* 函数，我们可以尝试所有分类器。 +默认情况下，`compare_models()` 应用十倍交叉验证，并针对具有较少训练时间的不同分类器计算不同的性能指标，如准确度、AUC、召回率、精度、F1 分数、Kappa 和 MCC，如图 4 所示。通过将 `tubro=True` 传递给 `compare_models()` 函数，我们可以尝试所有分类器。 #### 步骤 5 @@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ best = compare_models() lda_model=create_model (‘lda’) ``` -线性判别分析分类器表现良好，如图 4 所示。因此，通过将 “lda” 传递给 *create_model()* 函数，我们可以拟合模型。 +线性判别分析分类器表现良好，如图 4 所示。因此，通过将 `lda` 传递给 `create_model()` 函数，我们可以拟合模型。 #### 步骤 6 @@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ lda_model=create_model (‘lda’) tuned_lda=tune_model(lda_model) ``` -超参数的调整可以提高模型的准确性。 *tune_model()* 函数将线性判别分析模型的精度从 0.9818 提高到 0.9909，如图 7 所示。 +超参数的调整可以提高模型的准确性。`tune_model()` 函数将线性判别分析模型的精度从 0.9818 提高到 0.9909，如图 7 所示。 ![Tuned model details][8] @@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ tuned_lda=tune_model(lda_model) predictions=predict_model(tuned_lda) ``` -*predict_model()* 函数用于对测试数据中存在的样本进行预测。 +`predict_model()` 函数用于对测试数据中存在的样本进行预测。 #### 步骤 8 @@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ predictions=predict_model(tuned_lda) evaluate_model(tuned_lda) ``` -*evaluate_model ()* 函数用于以最小的努力开发不同的性能指标。你可以尝试它们并查看输出。 +`evaluate_model()` 函数用于以最小的努力开发不同的性能指标。你可以尝试它们并查看输出。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/05/pycaret-machine-learning-model-devel 作者：[S Ratan Kumar][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 58cf76a8b19c9e9624638528349660f43b7c4cee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Wed, 18 May 2022 15:29:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 068/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220518=20A=20guide=20to=20Pipy,=20a=20programmable?= =?UTF-8?q?=20network=20proxy=20for=20cloud.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... a programmable network proxy for cloud.md | 548 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 548 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220518 A guide to Pipy, a programmable network proxy for cloud.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220518 A guide to Pipy, a programmable network proxy for cloud.md b/sources/tech/20220518 A guide to Pipy, a programmable network proxy for cloud.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ef97d7a9f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220518 A guide to Pipy, a programmable network proxy for cloud.md @@ -0,0 +1,548 @@ +[#]: subject: "A guide to Pipy, a programmable network proxy for cloud" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/pipy-programmable-network-proxy-cloud" +[#]: author: "Ali Naqvi https://opensource.com/users/alinaqvi" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +A guide to Pipy, a programmable network proxy for cloud +====== +Pipy is an open source, extremely fast, and lightweight network traffic processor. It has a variety of use cases including edge routers, load balancing and proxying, API gateways, static HTTP servers, service mesh sidecars, and many other applications. + +![Woman using laptop concentrating][1] +Image by Mapbox Uncharted ERG, [CC-BY 3.0 US][2] + +Pipy is an open source, cloud-native, network stream processor. It is modular by design and can create a high-performance network proxy. It's written in C++ and is built on top of the Asio asynchronous I/O library. Pipy is ideal for a variety of use cases ranging from edge routers, load balancers, proxy solutions, API gateways, static HTTP servers, service mesh sidecars, and more. + +Pipy also comes with built-in JavaScript support through PipyJS. PipyJS is highly customizable and predictable in performance, with no garbage collection overhead. Currently, PipyJS is part of the Pipy code base, but it has no dependency on it and in the future it may be moved to a standalone package. + +### Pipy quick start guide + +You can run the production version of Pipy using Podman or Docker with one of the tutorial scripts provided on the official Pipy Git repository. The Pipy container image can be configured with a few environment variables: + +* PIPY_CONFIG_FILE= sets the location of the Pipy configuration file. +* PIPY_SPAWN=n sets the number of Pipy instances you want to start, where n is the number of instances. This is a zero-based index, so 0 represents 1 instance. For example, use PIPY_SPAWN=3 for 4 instances. + +Start the Pipy server with this example script: + +``` +$ docker run --rm -e PIPY_CONFIG_FILE=\ +https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flomesh-io/pipy/main/tutorial/01-hello \ +-e PIPY_SPAWN=1 -p 8080:8080 flomesh/pipy-pjs:latest +``` + +You may notice that instead of a local file, this code provides a link to a remote Pipy script through the environment variable `PIPY_CONFIG_FILE`. Pipy is smart enough to handle that. + +For your reference, here are the contents of the file `tutorial/01-hello/hello.js` : + +``` +pipy() +.listen(8080) +.serveHTTP( +new Message('Hi, there!\n') +) +``` + +This simple script defines one Port pipeline, which listens on port 8080 and returns "Hi, there!" for each HTTP request received on the listening port. + +As you've exposed local port 8080 with the docker run command, you can proceed with a test on the same port: + +``` +$ curl http://localhost:8080 +``` + +Executing the above command displays `Hi, there!` on the console. + +For learning, development, or debugging purposes it's recommended to proceed with the local installation (either build Pipy from sources or download a release for your OS) of Pipy, as it comes with an admin web console along with documentation and tutorials. + +Once installed locally, running `pipy` without any arguments starts the admin console on port 6060, but it can be configured to listen on the different port with the `--admin-port` option. + +![Pipy admin console listening on port 6060][3] + +To build Pipy from source, or to install a precompiled binary for your operating system, refer to README.md on the [Pipy][4] Git repository. + +#### Running Pipy in a terminal + +To start a Pipy proxy, run Pipy with a PipyJS script file, for example, the script in `tutorial/01-hello/hello.js` if you need a simple echo server that responds with the same message body received with every incoming request: + +``` +$ pipy tutorial/01-hello/hello.js +``` + +Alternatively, while developing and debugging, one can start Pipy with a builtin web UI: + +``` +$ pipy tutorial/01-hello/hello.js --admin-port=6060 +``` + +To see all command-line options, use the `--help` flag: + +``` +$ pipy --help +``` + +### Pipy is a stream processor + +Pipy operates on network streams using an event-driven pipeline where it consumes the input stream, performs user-provided transformations, and outputs the stream. A pipy data stream takes raw data and abstracts it into an event. An event can belong to one of four categories: + +* Data: Network streams are composed of data bytes and come in chunks. Pipy abstracts out chunks into a Data event. +* MessageStart, MessageEnd, StreamEnd: These three non-data events work as markers, giving the raw byte streams high-level semantics for business logic to rely on. + +### Pipy Design + +The internal workings of Pipy are similar to [Unix Pipelines][5] but unlike Unix pipelines, which deal with discreet bytes, Pipy deals with streams of events. + +Pipy processes incoming streams through a chain of filters, where each filter deals with general concerns like request logging, authentication, SSL offloading, request forwarding, and so on. Each filter reads from its input and writes to its output, with the output of one filter connected to the input of the next. + +#### Pipelines + +A chain of filters is called a pipeline and Pipy categorizes pipelines in 3 different categories according to their input sources. + +* Port pipeline: Reads in Data events from a network port, processes them, and then writes the result back to the same port. This is the most commonly used request and response model. For instance, when Pipy works like an HTTP server, the input to a Port pipeline is an HTTP request from the clients, and the output from the pipeline would be an HTTP response sent back to clients. +* Timer pipeline: Gets a pair of MessageStart and MessageEnd events as its input periodically. Useful when [Cron][6] [job-like][7] functionality is required. +* Sub-pipeline: Works in conjunction with a join filter, such as link, which takes in events from its predecessor pipeline, feeds them into a sub-pipeline for processing, reads back the output from the sub-pipeline, and then pumps it down to the next filter. +The best way to look at sub-pipelines and join filters is to think of them as callees and callers of a subroutine in procedural programming. The input to the joint filter is the subroutine's parameters, the output from the joint filter is its return value. +A root pipeline, such as Port or Timer, cannot be called from join filters. +To get a list of builtin filters and their parameters: +$  pipy --list-filters +$  pipy --help-filters + +``` +$  pipy --list-filters +$  pipy --help-filters +``` + +#### Context + +Another important notion in Pipy is that of contexts. A context is a set of variables attached to a pipeline. Every pipeline gets access to the same set of variables across a Pipy instance. In other words, contexts have the same shape. When you start a Pipy instance, the first thing you do is define the shape of the context by defining variable(s) and their initial values. + +Every root pipeline clones the initial context you define at the start. When a sub-pipeline starts, it either shares or clones its parent's context, depending on which joint filter you use. For instance, a link filter shares its parent's context while a demux filter clones it. + +To the scripts embedded in a pipeline, these context variables are their global variables, which means that these variables are always accessible to scripts from anywhere if they live in the same script file. + +This might seem odd to a seasoned programmer because global variables usually mean they are globally unique. You have only one set of these variables, whereas in Pipy we can have many sets of them (contexts) depending on how many root pipelines are open for incoming network connections and how many sub-pipelines clone their parents' contexts. + +### Writing a Network Proxy + +Suppose you're running separate instances of different services and you want to add a proxy to forward traffic to the relevant services based on the request URL path. This would give you the benefit of exposing a single URL and scaling your services in the back end without users having to remember a distinct service URL. In normal situations, your services would be running on different nodes and each service could have multiple instances running. In this example, assume you're running the services below, and want to distribute traffic to them based on the URI. + +* service-hi at /hi/* (127.0.0.1:8080, 127.0.0.1:8082) +* service-echo at /echo (127.0.0.1:8081) +* service-tell-ip at /ip_/_* (127.0.0.1:8082) + +Pipy scripts are written in JavaScript, and you can use any text editor of your choice to edit them. Alternatively, if you have installed Pipy locally, you can use Pipy admin Web UI, which comes with syntax highlighting, auto-completion, hints, as well as the ability to run scripts, all from the same console. + +Start a Pipy instance, without any arguments, so the Pipy admin console launches on port 6060. Now open your favorite web browser and navigate to [[http://localhost:6060](http://localhost:6060/][8] to see the built-in Pipy Administration Web UI. + +![Built-in Pipy administration web UI][9] + +### Create a Pipy program + +A good design practice is that code and configurations are separated. Pipy supports such modular design through its Plugins, which you can think of as JavaScript modules. That said, you store your configuration data in the config folder, and your coding logic in separate files under the plugins folder. The main proxy server script is stored in the root folder, the main proxy script (`proxy.js` ) will include and combine the functionality defined in separate modules. In the end, your final folder structure is: + +``` +├── config +│ ├── balancer.json +│ ├── proxy.json +│ └── router.json +├── plugins +│ ├── balancer.js +│ ├── default.js +│ └── router.js +└── proxy.js +``` + +1.Click **New Codebase**, enter `/proxy` for the Codebase *name* in the dialog and then click **Create**. + +1. Click the + button to add a new file. Enter /config/proxy.json for its filename and then click Create. This is the configuration file used to configure your proxy. +2. You now see proxy.json listed under the config folder in the left pane. Click on the file to open it and add the configuration shown below and make sure you save your file by clicking the disk icon on the top panel. +   +{ +"listen": 8000, +"plugins": [ +"plugins/router.js", +"plugins/balancer.js", +"plugins/default.js" ] +} +3. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to create another file, /config/router.json, to store route information. Enter this configuration data: +{ +"routes": { +"/hi/*": "service-hi", +"/echo": "service-echo", +"/ip/*": "service-tell-ip" } +} +4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to create another file, /config/balancer.json to store your service-to-target map. Enter the following data: +{ +"services": { +"service-hi" : ["127.0.0.1:8080", "127.0.0.1:8082"], +"service-echo" : ["127.0.0.1:8081"], +"service-tell-ip" : ["127.0.0.1:8082"] } +} +5. Now it's time to write your very first Pipy script, which will be used as a default fallback when your server receives a request for which you don't have any target (an endpoint) configured. Create the file /plugins/default.js. The name here is just a convention and Pipy doesn't rely on names, so you can choose any name you like. The script will contain the code shown below, which returns the HTTP Status code 404 with a message of No handler found: +   +pipy() +.pipeline('request') +.replaceMessage( +new Message({ status: 404 }, 'No handler found')) + +``` +{ +"listen": 8000, +"plugins": [ +"plugins/router.js", +"plugins/balancer.js", +"plugins/default.js" ] +} +``` + +``` +{ +"routes": { +"/hi/*": "service-hi", +"/echo": "service-echo", +"/ip/*": "service-tell-ip" } +} +``` + +``` +{ +"services": { +"service-hi" : ["127.0.0.1:8080", "127.0.0.1:8082"], +"service-echo" : ["127.0.0.1:8081"], +"service-tell-ip" : ["127.0.0.1:8082"] } +} +``` + +``` +pipy() +.pipeline('request') +.replaceMessage( +new Message({ status: 404 }, 'No handler found')) +``` + +7.Create the file `/plugins/router.js`, which stores your routing logic: + +``` +(config => +pipy({ +_router: new algo.URLRouter(config.routes), }) +.export('router', { +__serviceID: '', }) +.pipeline('request') +.handleMessageStart( +msg => ( +__serviceID = _router.find( +msg.head.headers.host, +msg.head.path, ) +) ) +)(JSON.decode(pipy.load('config/router.json'))) +``` + +1. Create the file /plugins/balancer.js, which stores your load balancing logic as a side-note. Pipy comes with multiple Load Balancing algorithms, but for simplicity, you're using the Round Robin algorithm here. +(config => + +pipy({ +  _services: ( +    Object.fromEntries( +      Object.entries(config.services).map( +        ([k, v]) => [ +          k, new algo.RoundRobinLoadBalancer(v) +        ] +      ) +    ) +  ), + +  _balancer: null, +  _balancerCache: null, +  _target: '', +}) + +.import({ +  __turnDown: 'proxy', +  __serviceID: 'router', +}) + +.pipeline('session') +  .handleStreamStart( +    () => ( +      _balancerCache = new algo.Cache( +        // k is a balancer, v is a target +        (k  ) => k.select(), +        (k,v) => k.deselect(v), +      ) +    ) +  ) +  .handleStreamEnd( +    () => ( +      _balancerCache.clear() +    ) +  ) + +.pipeline('request') +  .handleMessageStart( +    () => ( +      _balancer = _services[__serviceID], +      _balancer && (_target = _balancerCache.get(_balancer)), +      _target && (__turnDown = true) +    ) +  ) +  .link( +    'forward', () => Boolean(_target), +    '' +  ) + +.pipeline('forward') +  .muxHTTP( +    'connection', +    () => _target +  ) + +.pipeline('connection') +  .connect( +    () => _target +  ) + +)(JSON.decode(pipy.load('config/balancer.json'))) +2. Now write the entry point, or the proxy server script, to use the above plugins. Creating a new code base (step 1) creates a default main.js file as an entry point. You can use that as your main entry point, or if you prefer to go with a different name, feel free to delete main.js and create a new file with the name of your choice. For this example, delete it and create a new file named /proxy.js. Make sure you click the top flag icon to make it the main entry point, to ensure script execution is started when you hit the run button (the arrow icon on the right). +(config => + +pipy() + +.export('proxy', { +  __turnDown: false, +}) + +.listen(config.listen) +  .use(config.plugins, 'session') +  .demuxHTTP('request') + +.pipeline('request') +  .use( +    config.plugins, +    'request', +    'response', +    () => __turnDown +  ) + +)(JSON.decode(pipy.load('config/proxy.json'))) + +``` +(config => + +pipy({ +  _services: ( +    Object.fromEntries( +      Object.entries(config.services).map( +        ([k, v]) => [ +          k, new algo.RoundRobinLoadBalancer(v) +        ] +      ) +    ) +  ), + +  _balancer: null, +  _balancerCache: null, +  _target: '', +}) + +.import({ +  __turnDown: 'proxy', +  __serviceID: 'router', +}) + +.pipeline('session') +  .handleStreamStart( +    () => ( +      _balancerCache = new algo.Cache( +        // k is a balancer, v is a target +        (k  ) => k.select(), +        (k,v) => k.deselect(v), +      ) +    ) +  ) +  .handleStreamEnd( +    () => ( +      _balancerCache.clear() +    ) +  ) + +.pipeline('request') +  .handleMessageStart( +    () => ( +      _balancer = _services[__serviceID], +      _balancer && (_target = _balancerCache.get(_balancer)), +      _target && (__turnDown = true) +    ) +  ) +  .link( +    'forward', () => Boolean(_target), +    '' +  ) + +.pipeline('forward') +  .muxHTTP( +    'connection', +    () => _target +  ) + +.pipeline('connection') +  .connect( +    () => _target +  ) + +)(JSON.decode(pipy.load('config/balancer.json'))) +``` + +``` +(config => + +pipy() + +.export('proxy', { +  __turnDown: false, +}) + +.listen(config.listen) +  .use(config.plugins, 'session') +  .demuxHTTP('request') + +.pipeline('request') +  .use( +    config.plugins, +    'request', +    'response', +    () => __turnDown +  ) + +)(JSON.decode(pipy.load('config/proxy.json'))) +``` + +So far, your workspace looks like this: + +![Image of workspace][10] + +To run your script, click the play icon button (4th from right). Pipy runs your proxy script, and you see output similar to this: + +![Image of output][11] + +This shows that your proxy server is listening on port 8000 (which you configured in your `/config/proxy.json` ). Use [curl to run a test][12]: + +``` +$ curl -i [http://localhost:8000](http://localhost:8000) +HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found +content-length: 10 +connection: keep-alive +No handler found +``` + +That response makes sense because you haven't configured any target for root. Try one of your configured routes, such as `/hi` : + +``` +$ curl -i [http://localhost:8000/hi](http://localhost:8000/hi) +HTTP/1.1 502 Connection Refused +content-length: 0 +connection: keep-alive +``` + +You get `502 Connection Refused` because you have no service running on your configured target port. + +You can update `/config/balancer.json` with details like the host and port of your already running services to make it fit for your use case, or you can just write a script in Pipy to listen on your configured ports, and return simple messages. + +Save this code to a file on your local computer named `mock-proxy.js`, and remember the location where you stored it: + +``` +pipy() + +.listen(8080) +  .serveHTTP( +    new Message('Hi, there!\n') +  ) + +.listen(8081) +  .serveHTTP( +    msg => new Message(msg.body) +  ) + +.listen(8082) +  .serveHTTP( +    msg => new Message( +      `You are requesting ${msg.head.path} from ${__inbound.remoteAddress}\n` +    ) +  ) +``` + +Open a new terminal window and run this script with Pipy (change `/path/to` to the location where you stored this script file): + +``` +$ pipy /path/to/mock-proxy.js +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] Module /mock-proxy.js +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] ================ +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] [Listen on :::8080] +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] ----->| +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] | +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] serveHTTP +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] | +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] <-----| +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] [Listen on :::8081] +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] ----->| +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] | +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] serveHTTP +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] | +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] <-----| +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] [Listen on :::8082] +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] ----->| +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] | +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] serveHTTP +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] | +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] <-----| +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [config] +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [listener] Listening on port 8080 at :: +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [listener] Listening on port 8081 at :: +2022-01-11 18:56:31 [INF] [listener] Listening on port 8082 at :: +``` + +You now have your mock services listening on ports 8080, 8081, and 8082. Do a test again on your proxy server to see the correct response returned from your mock service. + +### Summary + +You've used a number of Pipy features, including variable declaration, importing and exporting variables, plugins, Pipelines, sub-pipelines, filter chaining, Pipy filters like `handleMessageStart`, `handleStreamStart`, and link, and Pipy classes like JSON, `algo.URLRouter`, `algo.RoundRobinLoadBalancer`, `algo.Cache`, and others. For more information, read the excellent [Pipy documentation][13], and through Pipy's admin web UI, and follow the step-by-step tutorials that come with it. + +### Conclusion + +Pipy from [Flomesh][14] is an open source, extremely fast, and lightweight network traffic processor. You can use it in a variety of use cases ranging from edge routers, load balancing and proxying (forward and reverse), API gateways, static HTTP servers, service mesh sidecars, and many other applications. Pipy is in active development and is maintained by full-time committers and contributors. + +Images by: (Ali Naqvi, CC BY-SA 40) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/pipy-programmable-network-proxy-cloud + +作者：[Ali Naqvi][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/alinaqvi +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/lenovo-thinkpad-laptop-concentration-focus-windows-office.png +[2]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/ +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/pipy1.png +[4]: https://github.com/flomesh-io/pipy +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/interprocess-communication-linux-channels +[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron +[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron +[8]: http://localhost:6060 +[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/pipy2.png +[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/pipy3.png +[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/pipy4.png +[12]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/social-media-curl +[13]: https://flomesh.io +[14]: https://flomesh.io From e9ceca80218ae94d66a46b96a53dc8f6a7d4545d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Wed, 18 May 2022 15:46:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 069/333] RP @unigeorge https://linux.cn/article-14608-1.html --- ...for your open source analytics database.md | 28 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md (76%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md b/published/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md similarity index 76% rename from translated/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md rename to published/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md index 88b7223673..cda559a86e 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md +++ b/published/20220428 Why use Apache Druid for your open source analytics database.md @@ -3,21 +3,20 @@ [#]: author: "David Wang https://opensource.com/users/davidwang" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "unigeorge" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14608-1.html" -开源分析数据库 Apache Druid 的推荐理由 +为什么推荐开源分析数据库 Apache Druid ====== -对用户而言，优秀的对外数据分析工具不可多得，因此选择合适的数据架构就显得尤为重要。 -![metrics and data shown on a computer screen][1] +> 对用户而言，优秀的对外数据分析工具非常关键，因此选择合适的数据架构就显得尤为重要。 -(Image by: Opensource.com) +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202205/18/154417bvakcquzn2ahv4ua.jpg) 现如今，数据分析不再是仅面向内部开发人员。当为业务方构建数据分析系统时，你需要确认哪种数据库后端是最合适的。 -程序员的本能可能是“选用自己了解的数据库（例如 PostgreSQL 或 [MySQL][2]）”。诚然，数据仓库可能会扩展到其核心 BI 仪表板和报告之外的功能，不过对业务方的数据分析支持仍是其重要功能之一，因此要选择合适的工具来保证此功能的性能。 +程序员的本能可能是“选用自己了解的数据库（例如 PostgreSQL 或 [MySQL][2]）”。数据仓库也可能会扩展核心的 BI 仪表板和报告之外的功能，不过对业务方的数据分析支持仍是其重要功能之一，因此要选择合适的工具来保证此功能的性能。 问题的关键点在于用户体验，以下是对外支持数据分析工作的一些关键技术讨论点（以 Apache Druid 为例）。 @@ -25,12 +24,11 @@ 一直在队列中等待查询会让人很恼火。与延迟有关的因素包括数据量、数据库的处理能力、用户和 API 调用的数量，以及数据库支持查询应用的能力。 -当数据量比较大时，有一些方法可以基于任意在线分析处理 (OLAP) 数据库构建交互式数据体验，但或多或少都有一些其他方面的牺牲。预计算查询会对性能要求较高，还会使架构变得僵化。预聚合处理会使数据粒度变大。将数据时间限制在近期的处理方式，会使得数据完整性得不到保证。 +当数据量比较大时，有一些方法可以基于任意在线分析处理（OLAP）数据库构建交互式数据体验，但或多或少都有一些其他方面的牺牲。预计算查询会对性能要求较高，还会使架构变得僵化。预聚合处理会使数据粒度变大。将数据时间限制在近期的处理方式，会使得数据完整性得不到保证。 -“不妥协”的解决方案是选择专为大规模交互而构建的优化架构和数据格式，[Apache Druid][3] 正是这样一个旨在支持现代分析程序的实时数据库。 +一个“不妥协”的解决方案是选择专为大规模交互而构建的优化架构和数据格式，[Apache Druid][3] 正是这样一个旨在支持现代分析程序的实时数据库。 * 首先，Druid 具备特有的分布式弹性架构，可将数据从共享数据层预取到近乎无限容量的数据服务器集群中。这种架构与诸如云数据仓库这样的解耦查询引擎相比，具有更快的性能，因为它不需要移动数据，并且比像 PostgreSQL 和 MySQL 这样的纵向扩展数据库具有更高的可扩展性。 - * 其次，Druid 采用内置于数据格式中的自动多级索引来驱动每个内核去支持更多查询操作。在常规 OLAP 列格式基础之上，还增加了全局索引、数据字典和位图索引，这可以最大化利用 CPU 周期，加快处理速度。 ### 高可用性 @@ -41,11 +39,11 @@ 考虑弹性就需要考虑设计标准。节点或集群范围的故障能完全避免吗？丢失数据的后果有多严重？保障应用程序和数据需要涉及哪些工作？ -关于服务器故障，保证弹性的常规方法是多节点服务以及[备份机制][4]。但如果你是为客户构建应用程序，则对数据丢失的敏感性要高得多。*间断性*备份并不能完全解决这一问题。 +关于服务器故障，保证弹性的常规方法是多节点服务以及 [备份机制][4]。但如果你是为客户构建应用程序，则对数据丢失的敏感性要高得多。*偶尔的*备份并不能完全解决这一问题。 Apache Druid 的核心架构内置了该问题的解决方案，本质是一种强大而简单的弹性方法，旨在保证承受任何变故都不会丢失数据（即使是刚刚发生的事件）。 -Druid 基于对象存储中共享数据的自动、多级复制实现高可用性 (HA) 和持久性。它实现了用户期望的 HA 特性以及持续备份机制，即使整个集群出现问题，也可以自动保护和恢复数据库的最新状态。 +Druid 基于对象存储中共享数据的自动、多级复制实现高可用性（HA）和持久性。它实现了用户期望的 HA 特性以及持续备份机制，即使整个集群出现问题，也可以自动保护和恢复数据库的最新状态。 ### 多用户 @@ -63,7 +61,7 @@ Druid 基于对象存储中共享数据的自动、多级复制实现高可用 分析应用程序对于用户而言至关重要，所以要构建正确的数据架构。 -你肯定不想一开始就选择了一个错误的数据库，然后在后续扩展时面对诸多令人头疼的问题。幸运的是，Apache Druid 可以从小规模开始，并在之后轻松扩展以支持任何可以想象的应用程序。Apache Druid 有[优秀的官方文档][5]，当然它是开源的，所以不妨尝试一下并，快速上手吧。 +你肯定不想一开始就选择了一个错误的数据库，然后在后续扩展时面对诸多令人头疼的问题。幸运的是，Apache Druid 可以从小规模开始，并在之后轻松扩展以支持任何可以想象的应用程序。Apache Druid 有 [优秀的官方文档][5]，当然它是开源的，所以不妨尝试一下并，快速上手吧。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -72,7 +70,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/apache-druid-open-source-analytics 作者：[David Wang][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[unigeorge](https://github.com/unigeorge) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 1b842da3e1ad2fa757a1ab2518c4bb8c4da6ba38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Wed, 18 May 2022 23:32:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 070/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?news]:=2020220518=20Google=20To=20Start=20Distributing=20A=20Co?= =?UTF-8?q?llection=20Of=20Open=20Source=20Software=20libraries.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ction Of Open Source Software libraries.md | 41 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220518 Google To Start Distributing A Collection Of Open Source Software libraries.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220518 Google To Start Distributing A Collection Of Open Source Software libraries.md b/sources/news/20220518 Google To Start Distributing A Collection Of Open Source Software libraries.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..064380245a --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220518 Google To Start Distributing A Collection Of Open Source Software libraries.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +[#]: subject: "Google To Start Distributing A Collection Of Open Source Software libraries" +[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/05/google-to-start-distributing-a-collection-of-open-source-software-libraries/" +[#]: author: "Laveesh Kocher https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Google To Start Distributing A Collection Of Open Source Software libraries +====== +![][1] + +On Tuesday, Google unveiled a new program aimed at safeguarding the open-source software supply chain by curating and delivering a security-vetted selection of open source packages to Google Cloud users. The business announced the new service, dubbed Assured Open Source Software, in a blog [post][2]. Andy Chang, Google Cloud’s group product manager for security and privacy, highlighted some of the problems of safeguarding open source software and emphasised Google’s commitment to open source in his blog post. + +“There has been an increasing awareness in the developer community, enterprises, and governments of software supply chain risks,” Chang wrote, citing last year’s major log4j vulnerability as an example. “Google continues to be one of the largest maintainers, contributors, and users of open source and is deeply involved in helping make the open source software ecosystem more secure.” + +According to Google, the Assured Open Source Software service will give Cloud clients access to Google’s substantial software auditing knowledge. According to Google, all open source packages made available through the service are also used internally by the corporation and are inspected and analysed for vulnerabilities on a regular basis. + +A list of the 550 important open source libraries that Google is currently reviewing is available on [GitHub][3]. While these libraries may all be downloaded independently of Google, the Assured OSS program will see audited versions provided through Google Cloud, preventing developers from corrupting widely used open source libraries. This service is now in early access phase and will be ready for wider consumer testing in Q3 2022. + +The Google statement is part of a broader industry effort to strengthen the security of the open source software supply chain, which has the support of the Biden administration. In January, representatives from the Department of Homeland Security and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency met with executives from some of the country’s major IT companies to examine open-source software security in the wake of the log4j bug. Since then, the corporations involved have pledged more than $30 million in financing to improve open source software security during a recent summit. + +In addition to cash, Google is devoting engineering time to ensuring the supply chain’s security. The corporation has announced the development of a “Open Source Maintenance Crew” that will collaborate with library maintainers to improve security. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/05/google-to-start-distributing-a-collection-of-open-source-software-libraries/ + +作者：[Laveesh Kocher][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/google3-1-e1652863988525.jpg +[2]: https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/introducing-assured-open-source-software-service +[3]: https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/projects From 8802f257b3e56eb91c72a1aa03012d2bdb0f950d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Wed, 18 May 2022 23:33:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 071/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?news]:=2020220518=20ONLYOFFICE=207.1=20Release=20Adds=20ARM=20C?= =?UTF-8?q?ompatibility,=20a=20New=20PDF=20Viewer,=20and=20More=20Features?= =?UTF-8?q?.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ty, a New PDF Viewer, and More Features.md | 144 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 144 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220518 ONLYOFFICE 7.1 Release Adds ARM Compatibility, a New PDF Viewer, and More Features.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220518 ONLYOFFICE 7.1 Release Adds ARM Compatibility, a New PDF Viewer, and More Features.md b/sources/news/20220518 ONLYOFFICE 7.1 Release Adds ARM Compatibility, a New PDF Viewer, and More Features.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a122bda174 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220518 ONLYOFFICE 7.1 Release Adds ARM Compatibility, a New PDF Viewer, and More Features.md @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +[#]: subject: "ONLYOFFICE 7.1 Release Adds ARM Compatibility, a New PDF Viewer, and More Features" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/onlyoffice-7-1-release/" +[#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +ONLYOFFICE 7.1 Release Adds ARM Compatibility, a New PDF Viewer, and More Features +====== +ONLYOFFICE Docs 7.1 brings in much-awaited feature additions to its document, spreadsheet, and presentation programs. Supporting ARM devices is an icing on the cake! + +![onlyoffice 7.1][1] + +ONLYOFFICE, one of the [best open-source Microsoft Office alternatives][2], has just released its new upgrade, i.e., version 7.1. + +If you didn’t know, you can use ONLYOFFICE with online integration on your self-hosted server (like Nextcloud) or the desktop. + +This release brings exciting new changes, notably initial support for ARM-based devices like the Raspberry Pi. + +Let’s take a look at what’s new! + +### ONLYOFFICE 7.1: What’s New? + +[ONLYOFFICE Docs 7.1: PDF viewer, animations, print preview in spreadsheets][3] + +![][4] + +Alongside the headline feature of ARM support, ONLYOFFICE 7.1 has new feature additions on offer. These include: + +* A brand-new PDF, XPS, and DjVu file viewer +* More convenient and customizable shape options +* Spreadsheets Print Preview +* Animations in Presentations +* SmartArt Object Support + +#### ARM Compatibility + +As ARM-based devices like the Raspberry Pi become more popular each year, many expected the support for ARM architecture by ONLYOFFICE for a while. + +With the 7.1 release, ONLYOFFICE Docs 7.1 now runs on all ARM64 devices. Thanks to the increased efficiency and security of ARM devices, I suspect this will have a massive impact on the future of ONLYOFFICE. + +#### Brand-new PDF, XPS, and DjVu file viewer + +![onlyoffice][5] + +This is a key feature that many other office programs have had for years. Starting with ONLYOFFICE 7.1, users can now use the document editor to view PDF, XPS, and DjVu files much more conveniently. + +With the capability to open files on the client-side, the new view mode offers users a page thumbnails view and a navigation bar in a much more compact and simplified view. + +Additionally, users can now also convert these PDF files to DOCX files so that you can edit them. As a result, people shouldn’t need to go open multiple different apps to be able to work with the same file, which should help alleviate some major bottlenecks in workflows. + +#### More convenient and customizable shape options + +![onlyoffice][6] + +Often under-used (I think), shapes are a great feature of modern office applications. Although ONLYOFFICE has had them for quite some time now, they have always been rather clunky to work with. + +However, with ONLYOFFICE 7.1, this changes thanks to a redesigned shape selection menu. This new menu closely resembles its Microsoft Office equivalent, with each icon being visible from within the menu. + +Additionally, it now shows the recently used shapes to make repetitive shape insertion easier. + +The final improvement to shapes is the ability to edit them using your mouse. This should be quite familiar for those of you familiar with graphic design software like Inkscape. By simply dragging the points around, you can create a unique shape in almost no time! + +#### Spreadsheets Print Preview + +![][7] + +I’m sure everyone can relate to the frustration when a print fails due to a simple mistake. While other programs solved this problem a while ago, it has remained noticeably absent in the ONLYOFFICE spreadsheet editor. + +Fortunately, this release looks to rectify this, thanks to the introduction of “Print Preview.” + +To be honest, there’s not a lot to say about this, just that it should save a lot of paper and printer frustrations. + +#### New Animation Tab, Move Slides, and Duplicate Slide + +![][8] + +For those of you who make countless presentations with animations, a separate animation tab has been added with this release, making things easier. + +ONLYOFFICE 7.1 presentation editor now supports a variety of animations along with the ability to move slides to the beginning/end of a presentation and duplicate a slide. + +#### SmartArt Object Support + +SmartArt is an easy way to make custom graphics in documents, presentations, and spreadsheets. However, it has always been a Microsoft Office-focused feature. Although various other applications have had varying levels of support for the format, they have never really been comparable to Microsoft Office. + +Fortunately, ONLYOFFICE 7.1 now fully supports this format without any “hacks”, like what used to be required. Unlike the old process of converting the objects to a group of figures, Smart Art is now handled seamlessly and without problems. + +### Other Changes + +Other significant refinements in ONLYOFFICE 7.1 include: + +* New interface languages – Galician and Azerbaijani +* Ability to view a password while entering it in password-protected files +* Zoom options in OFORM files +* Ability to filter comments by groups of users +* Pyramid chart support +* Pyramid bar chart support +* Vertical and horizontal cylinder chart support +* Vertical and horizontal cone chart support +* Move and duplicate slide options in the context menu +* Formula tooltips +* New currency support + +For a complete list of changes, I highly suggest you look at the [release notes][9]. + +### Download ONLYOFFICE 7.1 + +Overall, ONLYOFFICE 7.1 looks to be a great release with ARM compatibility and new features. + +You should find the latest version available for all editions (Enterprise, Developer, Community). + +Plenty of different packages are available, including Docker images for ARM editions, a Snap package, and 1-click app options for cloud providers. You can head to its download page and look for the appropriate installer. + +The download page also mentions the official instructions to get it installed. + +[Get ONLYOFFICE 7.1][10] + +*Have you tried the new update yet?* + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/onlyoffice-7-1-release/ + +作者：[Jacob Crume][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/onlyoffice-7-1.jpg +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/best-free-open-source-alternatives-microsoft-office/ +[3]: https://youtu.be/5-ervHAemZc +[4]: https://youtu.be/5-ervHAemZc +[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ONLYOFFICE-viewer.png +[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ONLYOFFICE-shapes.png +[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ONLYOFFICE-Print-Preview.png +[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ONLYOFFICE-Animations.png +[9]: https://www.onlyoffice.com/blog/2022/05/discover-onlyoffice-docs-v7-1/ +[10]: https://www.onlyoffice.com/download-docs.aspx From c6a0db756a3d2942ed5861d435533f8dcd07c44d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Wed, 18 May 2022 23:34:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 072/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220518=20Install=20Specific=20Package=20Version=20Wi?= =?UTF-8?q?th=20Apt=20Command=20in=20Ubuntu.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...kage Version With Apt Command in Ubuntu.md | 191 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 191 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220518 Install Specific Package Version With Apt Command in Ubuntu.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220518 Install Specific Package Version With Apt Command in Ubuntu.md b/sources/tech/20220518 Install Specific Package Version With Apt Command in Ubuntu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1881da46e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220518 Install Specific Package Version With Apt Command in Ubuntu.md @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +[#]: subject: "Install Specific Package Version With Apt Command in Ubuntu" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/apt-install-specific-version-2/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Install Specific Package Version With Apt Command in Ubuntu +====== + +Want to install a specific version of a package in Ubuntu? You can do that ‘easily’ in the following manner: + +``` +sudo apt install package_name=package_version +``` + +How do you know which versions are available for a certain package? Use this command: + +``` +apt list --all-versions package_name +``` + +In the screenshot below, you can see that I have two versions of VLC available and I use the command to install the older version: + +![install specific versions apt ubuntu][1] + +Sounds like a simple task, right? But things are not as simple as they look. There are several ifs and buts involved here. + +This tutorial will cover all the important aspects of installing a specific program version using apt or apt-get commands. + +### Things to know about installing a specific version of a program + +You need to know a few things about how APT and repositories work in Ubuntu and Debian-based distributions. + +#### No older versions from the same source + +Ubuntu doesn’t keep older versions of packages in the repository. You may see more than one version in specific cases, temporarily. For example, you run the apt update (but not upgrade), and a new version is available. You may see two versions for the same package in the apt cache. But as soon as the package is upgraded to the new version, the older version is removed from the cache as well as the repositories. + +#### Use multiple sources for different versions + +To get multiple versions of the same package, you’ll have to add multiple sources. For example, VLC is in version 3.x. Adding the [VLC daily build PPA][2] will give the (unstable) version 4.x. + +Similarly, **you can download a DEB file with a different version and install it**. + +#### The higher version always gets the priority + +If you have the same package available from more than one source, by default, Ubuntu will install the highest available version. + +In the previous example, if I install VLC, it will install version 4.x, not 3.x. + +#### The older version gets upgraded to the available newer version + +That’s another potential problem. Even if you install the older version of a package, it gets upgraded to the newer version (if available). You have to [hold the package and stop it from upgrading][3]. + +#### Dependencies also need to be installed + +If the package has dependencies, you’ll have to install the required version of the dependent packages as well. + +Now that you know a few potential issues let’s see how to tackle them. + +### Installing specific version of a package + +I am taking the example of VLC in this tutorial. VLC version 3.0.16 is available in Ubuntu’s repositories. I added the daily build PPA and that gives me the release candidate of VLC version 4.0. + +As you can see, I have two VLC versions available in the system right now: + +![install specific versions apt ubuntu][4] + +``` +[email protected]:~$ apt list -a vlc +Listing... Done +vlc/jammy 4.0.0~rc1~~git20220516+r92284+296~ubuntu22.04.1 amd64 +vlc/jammy 3.0.16-1build7 amd64 +vlc/jammy 3.0.16-1build7 i386 +``` + +Since the higher version takes priority, using ‘apt install vlc’ will result in the installation of VLC 4.0. But I want to install the older version 3.0.16 for the sake of this tutorial. + +``` +sudo apt install vlc=3.0.16-1build7 +``` + +But here’s the thing. The vlc package has several dependencies and those dependencies also need specific versions. However, Ubuntu tries to install the available higher versions for them, and thus, you get the classic ‘[you have held broken packages][5]‘ error. + +![problem installing specific version apt ubuntu][6] + +To fix this, you have to provide specific versions of all the dependent packages it complains about. So that command becomes something like this: + +``` +sudo apt install vlc=3.0.16-1build7 \ + vlc-bin=3.0.16-1build7 \ + vlc-plugin-base=3.0.16-1build7 \ + vlc-plugin-qt=3.0.16-1build7 \ + vlc-plugin-video-output=3.0.16-1build7 \ + vlc-l10n=3.0.16-1build7 \ + vlc-plugin-access-extra=3.0.16-1build7 \ + vlc-plugin-notify=3.0.16-1build7 \ + vlc-plugin-samba=3.0.16-1build7 \ + vlc-plugin-skins2=3.0.16-1build7 \ + vlc-plugin-video-splitter=3.0.16-1build7 \ + vlc-plugin-visualization=3.0.16-1build7 +``` + +In case you are wondering, the trailing \ at the end of each line is just a way to write a single command over multiple lines. + +**Does it work? In many cases, it will.** But I have chosen a complicated example of VLC, which has lots of dependencies. Even the mentioned dependencies have dependencies on other packages. It gets messy. + +An alternative is to specify the source while installing. + +#### Alternatively, specify the repository source + +You have added multiple sources, so you should have some idea about the sources the package comes from. + +Use the command below and search for the repository: + +``` +apt-cache policy | less +``` + +Focus on the lines that come after the repository name: + +``` +500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse i386 Packages + release v=22.04,o=Ubuntu,a=jammy-security,n=jammy,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse,b=i386 + origin security.ubuntu.com +``` + +You can specify the o,l,a, etc parameters. + +In my original example, I want to install VLC from Ubuntu’s repository (to get 3.16) instead of the PPA (which gives me 4). + +So the command below will install VLC 3.16 along with all the dependencies: + +``` +sudo apt install -t "o=ubuntu" vlc +``` + +![install from repository source][7] + +Looks good? But the problem comes when you have to update the system. Then it complains about not finding the specified version. + +**What else can be done?** + +To install an older version, remove the source of the newer version from your system (if possible). It helps get rid of the dependencies hell issues. + +If that’s not possible, check if you can get it in some other packaging formats like Snap, Flatpak, AppImage, etc. In fact, Snap and Flatpak also allow you to choose and install from available versions. Since the applications are sandboxed, it’s easier to manage the dependencies for different versions. + +#### Hold the package and prevent upgrade + +If you manage to install a specific program version, you may want to avoid accidentally upgrading to the newer version. It’s not too complicated to achieve this. + +``` +sudo apt-mark hold package_name +``` + +You can remove the hold so that it can be upgraded later: + +``` +sudo apt-mark unhold package_name +``` + +Note that dependencies of a package are not automatically held. They need to be individually mentioned. + +### Conclusion + +As you can see, there is a provision to install the selected version of a program. Things only get complicated if the package has dependencies. Then you get into the dependency hell. + +I hope you learned a few new things in this tutorial. If you have questions or suggestions to improve it, please let me know in the comment section. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/apt-install-specific-version-2/ + +作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/install-specific-versions-apt-ubuntu.png +[2]: https://launchpad.net/~videolan/+archive/ubuntu/master-daily +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/prevent-package-update-ubuntu/ +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/install-specific-versions-apt-ubuntu.png +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/held-broken-packages-error/ +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/problem-installing-specific-version-apt-ubuntu-800x365.png +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/install-from-repository-source-800x578.png From c65cdf73aea0ead3ea4d7a2d23f7c998c6205b5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Wed, 18 May 2022 23:37:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 073/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220518=20How=20To=20Reset=20Sudo=20Password=20In=20U?= =?UTF-8?q?buntu=2022.04=20-=2020.04=20LTS.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...do Password In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 LTS.md | 125 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 125 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220518 How To Reset Sudo Password In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 LTS.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220518 How To Reset Sudo Password In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 LTS.md b/sources/tech/20220518 How To Reset Sudo Password In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 LTS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..97e66b3cea --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220518 How To Reset Sudo Password In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 LTS.md @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +[#]: subject: "How To Reset Sudo Password In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/how-to-reset-sudo-password-in-ubuntu-20-04-lts/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How To Reset Sudo Password In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS +====== +Reset Forgotten Root Password In Ubuntu + +This brief guide explains how to reset sudo password in Ubuntu 22.04 and 20.04 LTS desktop and server editions from rescue mode. + +### Introduction + +When **[installing Ubuntu][1]**, a new user will be created with sudo privileges to perform all sorts of administrative tasks. + +If your Ubuntu system have multiple sudo users, you can easily reset the forgotten password of a sudo user or administrative user from another sudo user's account. + +What If you have only one sudo user and you lost the password? No problem! It is very easy to recover forgotten sudo user password in Ubuntu from the **"rescue"** or **"single user"** mode. + +This guide has been officially tested on Ubuntu 22.04 and 20.04 LTS editions, however the steps given below are same for other Ubuntu versions and derivatives. + +### Reset Sudo Password In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS + +First, boot your Ubuntu system into rescue mode to reset a sudo user's password as described in the link below. + +> [How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 /  20.04 / 18.04][2] + +After you entered into the rescue mode, mount the root (**/**) file system in read/write mode by running the following command: + +``` +# mount -n -o remount,rw / +``` + +Now, reset the sudo user's password using **"passwd"** command: + +``` +# passwd ostechnix +``` + +Here, **"ostechnix"** is the sudo user. Replace it with your own user name. + +Enter the password twice: + +``` +New password: +Retype new password: +passwd: password updated successfully +``` + +![Reset Sudo Password In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][3] + +That's it. We have reset the sudo user password. If you have followed the **Method 1** to enter into rescue mode as described in the above link, press **“Ctrl+d”** to boot into normal mode. Alternatively, you can type any one of the following commands to boot into normal mode. + +``` +# systemctl default +``` + +Or, + +``` +# exit +``` + +If you want to reboot the system instead of booting into normal mode, enter: + +``` +# systemctl reboot +``` + +If you have followed the **Method 2** to enter into rescue mode as described in the above link, type: + +``` +# exit +``` + +You will go back to the recovery menu. Choose "**Resume normal boot**" and hit ENTER key. + +![Boot Into Normal Mode In Ubuntu][4] + +Again, choose OK and press ENTER to continue booting into normal mode: + +![Exit Recovery Mode And Boot Into Normal Mode][5] + +You can now use the new sudo password when running administrative commands. + +##### What If I Forgot Both Username And Password? + +If you forget the username, you can easily list the available users in your Linux system from the rescue mode using command: + +``` +# cat etc/passwd +``` + +Sample output from my Ubuntu 22.04 system: + +``` +[...] +ostechnix:x:1000:1000:Ostechnix,,,:/home/ostechnix:/bin/bash +[...] +``` + +Well, you now have the user name. Just follow the aforementioned steps to reset the user's password. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-reset-sudo-password-in-ubuntu-20-04-lts/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://ostechnix.com/install-ubuntu-desktop/ +[2]: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-boot-into-rescue-mode-or-emergency-mode-in-ubuntu-18-04/ +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Reset-Sudo-Password-In-Ubuntu.png +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Boot-into-normal-mode-in-Ubuntu.png +[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Booting-into-normal-mode-from-rescue-mode-in-Ubuntu.png From d701fb4f7f8eaf65bbdd505f3d9c9d1d466e44cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Wed, 18 May 2022 23:38:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 074/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220518=20How=20To=20Boot=20Into=20Rescue=20Mode=20Or?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Emergency=20Mode=20In=20Ubuntu=2022.04=20-=2020.04=20-=2018.?= =?UTF-8?q?04.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...cy Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md | 273 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 273 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220518 How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220518 How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md b/sources/tech/20220518 How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..48e4259579 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220518 How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,273 @@ +[#]: subject: "How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 / 18.04" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/how-to-boot-into-rescue-mode-or-emergency-mode-in-ubuntu-18-04/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 / 18.04 +====== +This tutorial explains how to boot into **rescue mode** or **emergency mode**in Ubuntu 22.04, 20.04 and 18.04 LTS editions. + +As you might already know, **Runlevels** are replaced with **Systemd targets** in many Linux distributions such as RHEL 7 / RHEL 8 and Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and newer versions. For more details about runlevels and systemd target, refer to [this guide][1]. + +This guide is specifically written for Ubuntu, however the steps given below should work on most Linux distributions that use **Systemd** as the default service manager. + +Before getting into the topic, let us have a brief understanding about what is rescue mode and emergency mode and what is the purpose of these both modes. + +### What Is Rescue Mode? + +The **rescue mode** is equivalent to **single user mode** in Linux distributions that use **SysV** as the default service manager. In rescue mode, all local filesystems will be mounted, only some important services will be started. However, no normal services (E.g network services) won't be started. + +The rescue mode is helpful in situations where the system can't boot normally. Also, we can perform some important rescue operations, such as [reset root password][2], in rescue mode. + +### What Is Emergency Mode? + +In contrast to the rescue mode, nothing is started in the **emergency mode**. No services are started, no mount points are mounted, no sockets are established, nothing. All you will have is just a **raw shell**. Emergency mode is suitable for debugging purposes. + +First, we will see how to boot into rescue mode and emergency mode in Ubuntu 22.04 and 20.04 LTS distributions. The procedure for entering rescue mode in Ubuntu 22.04 and 20.04 LTS is exactly the same! + +### Boot Into Rescue Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS + +We can boot into rescue mode in two ways. + +#### Method 1 + +Power on your Ubuntu system. Hit the ESC key right after the BIOS logo disappears to display the Grub menu. + +In the GRUB menu, choose the first entry and press **"e"** to edit it. + +![GRUB Menu In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][3] + +Hit the DOWN arrow and find the line that starts with the word **"linux"** and add the following line at the end of it. To reach the end, just press **CTRL+e** or use the **END** key or **LEFT/RIGHT** arrows in your keyboard. + +``` +systemd.unit=rescue.target +``` + +![Edit Grub Boot Menu Entries To Enter Into Rescue Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][4] + +After adding the above line, hit **Ctrl+x** or**F10** to boot into rescue mode. + +After a few seconds, you will be landed in the rescue mode (single user mode) as root user. You will be prompted to press ENTER to enter the maintenance mode. + +Here is how rescue mode looks like in Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS systems: + +![Boot Into Rescue Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][5] + +Now do whatever you want to do in the rescue mode. You may need to mount the root (**/**) file system in read/write mode before doing any operations in rescue mode. + +``` +mount -n -o remount,rw / +``` + +![Mount Root File System In Read Write Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][6] + +Once done, press **"Ctrl+d"** to boot into normal mode. Alternatively, you can type any one of the following commands to boot into normal mode. + +``` +systemctl default +``` + +Or, + +``` +exit +``` + +If you want to reboot the system instead of booting into normal mode, enter: + +``` +systemctl reboot +``` + +#### Method 2 + +In this method, you don't need to edit the grub boot menu entries. + +Power on the system and choose **"Advanced options for Ubuntu"** from the Grub boot menu. + +![Choose Advanced Options For Ubuntu From Grub Boot Menu][7] + +Next, you will see the list of available Ubuntu versions with Kernel versions. Choose the **"Recovery mode"** in the grub boot menu in Ubuntu. + +![Choose Recovery Mode In Grub Boot Menu In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][8] + +After a few seconds, you will see the Ubuntu recovery menu. From the recovery menu, choose **"Drop to root shell prompt"** option and hit the ENTER key. + +![Enter Into Root Shell Prompt In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][9] + +Now you will be landed in the rescue mode. + +![Ubuntu Maintenance Mode][10] + +Mount the root (**/**) file system in read/write mode by entering the following command: + +``` +mount -n -o remount,rw / +``` + +![Mount Root File System In Read Write Mode In Ubuntu][11] + +Do whatever you want to do in the rescue mode. + +Once done, type exit to return back to the recovery menu. + +``` +exit +``` + +Finally, choose **"Resume normal boot"** option and hit the ENTER key. + +![Boot Into Normal Mode In Ubuntu][12] + +Press ENTER key again to exit recovery mode and continue booting into normal mode. + +![Exit The Recovery Mode In Ubuntu][13] + +If you don't want to boot into normal mode, type **"reboot"** and press ENTER from the maintenance mode to restart your system. + +### Boot Into Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS + +When the GRUB boot menu appears, press **"e"** to edit it. + +![GRUB Menu In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][14] + +Find the line that starts with the word **"linux"** and add the following line at the end of it. + +``` +systemd.unit=emergency.target +``` + +![Edit Grub Boot Menu Entries To Enter Into Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][15] + +After adding the above line, hit **Ctrl+x** or**F10** to boot into emergency mode. + +After a few seconds, you will be landed in the emergency mode as `root` user. You will be prompted to press ENTER to enter the maintenance mode. + +Here is how emergency mode looks like in Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS system: + +![Boot Into Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][16] + +Now do whatever you want to do in the emergency mode. You may need to mount the root (**/**) file system in read/write mode before doing any operations in this mode. + +``` +mount -n -o remount,rw / +``` + +Once done, press **"Ctrl+d"** to boot into normal mode. Alternatively, you can type any one of the following commands to boot into normal mode. + +``` +systemctl default +``` + +Or, + +``` +exit +``` + +If you want to reboot the system instead of booting into normal mode, enter: + +``` +systemctl reboot +``` + +### Boot Into Rescue Mode In Ubuntu 18.04 LTS + +Boot your Ubuntu system. When the Grub menu appears, choose the first entry and press **e** to edit. (To reach the end, just press **CTRL+e** or use the END key or LEFT/RIGHT arrows in your keyboard): + +![Grub Menu][17] + +If you don't see the Grub menu, just hit ESC key right after the BIOS logo disappears. + +Find the line that starts with word **"linux"**and add the following line at the end of that line (To reach the end, just press **CTRL+e** or use the END key or LEFT/RIGHT arrows in your keyboard): + +``` +systemd.unit=rescue.target +``` + +![Edit Grub Menu][18] + +Once you added the above line, just press **CTRL+x** or **F10** to continue to boot into rescue mode. After a few seconds, you will be landed in the rescue mode (single user mode) as root user. + +Here is how rescue mode looks like in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS server: + +![Ubuntu Rescue Mode][19] + +Next, type the following command to mount root (**/**) file system into read/write mode. + +``` +mount -n -o remount,rw / +``` + +### Boot Into Emergency Mode + +Booting your Ubuntu into emergency is as same as above method. All you have to do is replace **"systemd.unit=rescue.target"** with **"systemd.unit=emergency.target"** when editing grub menu. + +![Edit Grub Menu][20] + +Once you added "systemd.unit=emergency.target", press **Ctrl+x** or **F10** to continue booting into emergency mode. + +![Ubuntu Emergency Mode][21] + +Finally, you can mount root filesystem into read/write mode with command: + +``` +mount -n -o remount,rw / +``` + +### Switch Between Rescue And Emergency Modes + +If you are in rescue mode, you don't have to edit the grub boot entry as I mentioned above. Instead, just type the following command to switch to emergency mode instantly: + +``` +systemctl emergency +``` + +Similarly, to switch from emergency to rescue mode, type: + +``` +systemctl rescue +``` + +### Conclusion + +You know now what is rescue and emergency modes and how to boot into those modes in Ubuntu 22.04, 20.04 and 18.04 LTS systems. Like I already mentioned, the steps provided here will work on many recent Linux versions that uses Systemd. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-boot-into-rescue-mode-or-emergency-mode-in-ubuntu-18-04/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://ostechnix.com/check-runlevel-linux/ +[2]: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-reset-or-recover-root-user-password-in-linux/ +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/GRUB-Menu-In-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.png +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Edit-Grub-Boot-Menu-Entries-To-Enter-Into-Rescue-Mode-In-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.png +[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Boot-Into-Rescue-Mode-In-Ubuntu-22.04.png +[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Mount-Root-File-System-In-Read-Write-Mode-In-Ubuntu.png +[7]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Choose-Advanced-Options-For-Ubuntu-From-Grub-Boot-Menu.png +[8]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Choose-Recovery-Mode-In-Grub-Boot-Menu-In-Ubuntu.png +[9]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Enter-Into-Root-Shell-Prompt-In-Ubuntu.png +[10]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-Maintenance-Mode.png +[11]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Mount-Root-File-System-In-Read-Write-Mode-In-Ubuntu-1.png +[12]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Boot-Into-Normal-Mode-In-Ubuntu.png +[13]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Exit-The-Recovery-Mode-In-Ubuntu.png +[14]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/GRUB-Menu-In-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.png +[15]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Edit-Grub-Boot-Menu-Entries-To-Enter-Into-Emergency-Mode-In-Ubuntu.png +[16]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Boot-Into-Emergency-Mode-In-Ubuntu-20.04-LTS.png +[17]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Grub-menu.png +[18]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Edit-grub-menu.png +[19]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Ubuntu-rescue-mode.png +[20]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/emergency-mode.png +[21]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/emergency-mode-1.png From b0bb9e77264ac2ea9651af7d3588ad571f4e582b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Wed, 18 May 2022 23:52:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 075/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?news]:=2020220516=20Fudgie-=20The=20Awesome=20Budgie=20Desktop?= =?UTF-8?q?=20is=20Coming=20to=20Fedora=20Linux=20Soon.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md b/sources/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md index ef57b48235..311c1073c2 100644 --- a/sources/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md +++ b/sources/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/fudgie-fedora-budgie-announcement/" [#]: author: "Abhishek https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "lkxed" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 2a0a55e3db46cf5f9bffc04b438df455b9c33ace Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 00:32:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 076/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?news]:=2020220516=20Fudgie-=20The=20Awesome=20Budgie=20Desktop?= =?UTF-8?q?=20is=20Coming=20to=20Fedora=20Linux=20Soon.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md | 68 ------------------- ... Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md | 68 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md create mode 100644 translated/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md b/sources/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md deleted file mode 100644 index 311c1073c2..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,68 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Fudgie? The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/fudgie-fedora-budgie-announcement/" -[#]: author: "Abhishek https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Fudgie? The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon -====== -Fedora users will also be able enjoy the modern experience of the Budgie desktop environment. - -![Fedora Budgie][1] - -In recent times, Red Hat’s community project, Fedora, has gained quite a decent userbase. While GNOME is the default choice of desktop here, Fedora also offers a variety of other desktop environments in the form of [Fedora Spins][2]. - -This means that you can enjoy an out of box experience of KDE, MATE, Xfce and a few other desktop environments with Fedora without additional effort. Do you prefer KDE instead of GNOME? Download the KDE spin of Fedora and install it like your regular Fedora installation. - -The one desktop offering missing from Fedora Spins is Budgie desktop. - -### Budgie going independent - -The Budgie desktop was introduced with the Solus Linux project circa 2014. There has been some [regressional development with the Solus and Budgie project lately][3]. The [Budgie project is now independent of the Solus Linux][4]. - -Ever since its first release, Budgie garnered a niche following. Its modern layout approach is liked by many Linux users. This is the reason why many other major Linux distributions like Ubuntu, Manjaro, openSUSE started offering Budgie variants. - -![Budgie 10.6][5] - -Fedora hasn’t had Budgie in its offering so far but that could be changing in the next release of Fedora. - -### Budgie submitted for inclusion in Fedora - -Joshua Strobl, the lead developer of the Budgie project, announced the news in a [Reddit post][6]. - -> I have now submitted Budgie Desktop and its microcosm of software (Budgie Control Center, Budgie Screensaver, Budgie Desktop View) for inclusion in Fedora, starting with rawhide (37) and backporting to 36. This will be maintained / supported “officially”, as I am using Fedora Silverblue + rawhide on my work laptop and will be switching my desktop over to Fedora Silverblue as well. - -This means that if the package is approved by the Fedora’s team, you should be able to install Budgie and some Budgie elements in Fedora 37 and hopefully in Fedora 36. - -But that’s not the end of the story. Joshua mentions that he is also considering to introduce and support an official Fedora Spin of Budgie desktop. Meaning people will be able to download an ISO of Fedora preloaded with Budgie desktop instead of GNOME. - -It’s not clear if he speaks of official Fedora Spin or a new unofficial Fedora variant named ‘Fudgie’, which is completely maintained by him. - -### Fedora + Budgie is a good news - -In any case, the Budgie desktop coming to Fedora is good news. It gives more options to the Fedora user and Budgie is a pretty sleet desktop. People who like both Fedora and Budgie should be able to enjoy the best of the both worlds. - -I hope you agree with me. I let you share your view in the comment section. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/fudgie-fedora-budgie-announcement/ - -作者：[Abhishek][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/fedora-budgie.png -[2]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org -[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/solus-co-lead-resign-budgie-serpent/ -[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/budgie-10-6-release/ -[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/budgie-10.61-1024x576.jpg -[6]: https://www.reddit.com/r/Fedora/comments/uq3gah/budgie_desktop_has_now_been_submitted_for/ diff --git a/translated/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md b/translated/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1f724fc8cb --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +[#]: subject: "Fudgie? The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/fudgie-fedora-budgie-announcement/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Fudgie？令人惊叹的 Budgie 桌面即将登陆 Fedora Linux +====== +Fedora 用户也将能够享受 Budgie 桌面环境的现代体验。 + +![Fedora Budgie][1] + +近来，红帽的社区项目 Fedora 已经获得了相当不错的用户基础。除了默认桌面 GNOME 外，Fedora 也以 [Fedora Spins][2] 的形式提供了多种其他桌面环境。 + +这意味着你可以在 Fedora 上享受 KDE、MATE、Xfce 和其他一些桌面环境的开箱即用的体验，而无需额外的努力。喜欢 KDE 而不是 GNOME 吗？下载 Fedora 的 KDE 版本，安装它，就像安装常规的 Fedora 一样。 + +Fedora Spins 中缺少的一个桌面产品是 Budgie 桌面。 + +### Budgie 走向独立 + +在 2014 年左右，Budgie 桌面与 Solus Linux 项目一起推出。最近，Solus 和 Budgie 项目出现了一些 [倒退式的发展][3]。Budgie 项目现在已经 [从 Sorus Linux 中独立出来了][4]。 + +自从首次发布以来，Budgie 就获得了一定的追随者。它的现代布局方式受到了许多 Linux 用户的喜爱。这也是许多其他主要 Linux 发行版（如 Ubuntu、Manjaro、openSUSE）开始提供 Budgie 版本的原因。 + +![Budgie 10.6][5] + +到目前为止，Fedora 的产品中还没有 Budgie，但这可能会在 Fedora 的下一个版本中发生变化。 + +### Budgie 提交加入 Fedora 的申请 + +Budgie 项目的首席开发人员 Joshua Strobl 在 [Reddit 帖子][6] 中宣布了这一消息。 + +> 我现在已提交 Budgie Desktop 及其它的附属软件（Budgie 控制中心、Budgie 屏幕保护程序、Budgie 桌面视图）加入到 Fedora 中的申请。从 Fedora rawhide（37）开始并向后移植到 36。它会得到“官方的”维护/支持，因为我自己在工作笔记本电脑上使用 Fedora Silverblue + rawhide，并且我以后会切换桌面到 Fedora Silverblue。 + +这意味着，如果该软件包得到了 Fedora 团队的批准，你应该就能在 Fedora 37 中（甚至有希望在 Fedora 36 中）安装 Budgie 和它的附属软件。 + +但这还不是故事的结束。Joshua 提到，他也在考虑引入并支持包含 Budgie 桌面的 Fedora 官方版本。这意味着人们将能够下载一个预装了 Budgie（而不是 GNOME）桌面的 Fedora ISO。 + +目前还不清楚他的意思，有可能是一个 Budge 的 Fedora 官方版本，也有可能是一个新的非官方的 Fedora 衍生版，名为 “Fudgie”，完全由他来维护。 + +### Fedora + Budgie 是一个好消息 + +无论如何，Fedora 的 Budgie 桌面都是个好消息。它为 Fedora 用户提供了更多选择，而 Budgie 是一个漂亮的桌面。同时喜欢 Fedora 和 Budgie 的人应该能够享受两全其美的体验。 + +我希望你同意我的看法。请在评论区也分享一下你的看法吧！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/fudgie-fedora-budgie-announcement/ + +作者：[Abhishek][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/fedora-budgie.png +[2]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/solus-co-lead-resign-budgie-serpent/ +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/budgie-10-6-release/ +[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/budgie-10.61-1024x576.jpg +[6]: https://www.reddit.com/r/Fedora/comments/uq3gah/budgie_desktop_has_now_been_submitted_for/ From 7465288e29306c72e604e4125dbe9ad85fd4061b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Peter Pan Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 00:48:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 077/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90]H?= =?UTF-8?q?ow=20open=20source=20leads=20the=20way=20for=20sustainable=20te?= =?UTF-8?q?chnology?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完成 --- ...eads the way for sustainable technology.md | 60 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20220508 How open source leads the way for sustainable technology.md b/sources/talk/20220508 How open source leads the way for sustainable technology.md index 68d000efa9..04a41b5528 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20220508 How open source leads the way for sustainable technology.md +++ b/sources/talk/20220508 How open source leads the way for sustainable technology.md @@ -7,64 +7,64 @@ [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " -How open source leads the way for sustainable technology +开源为可持续发展技术提供新思路 ====== -There are huge parallels between the open source way and what our wider society needs to do to achieve a more sustainable future. +开源和社会对于更为稳定的技术演进的需求具有相同的目标，即实现一个更为可持续的未来。 ![][1] -(Image by: opensource.com) +(图源： opensource.com) -There's a palpable change in the air regarding sustainability and environmental issues. Concern for the condition of the planet and efforts to do something about it have gone mainstream. To take one example, look at climate-based venture capitalism. The Climate Tech Venture Capital (CTVC) Climate Capital List has [more than doubled][2] in the past two years. The amount of capital pouring in demonstrates a desire and a willingness to solve hard climate challenges. +在可持续发展和环境问题上，目前正在发生明确的变化。关注地球的状况并为之做出努力已经成为主流思想。举个例子，看看基于气候的风险资本主义。气候技术风险投资公司（CTVC）的气候资本名单在过去两年中增加了[一倍多][2]。涌入的资本表明了解决艰难的气候挑战的愿望和意愿。 -It's great that people want to take action, and I'm here for it! But I also see a real risk: As people rush to take action or jump on the bandwagon, they may unwittingly participate in greenwashing. +人们想采取行动，这很好，我持相同态度！但我也看到了一个真正的风险：当人们急于采取行动并参与到其中时，他们可能会不知不觉地卷入洗绿运动中。 -The Wikipedia definition of greenwashing calls it "a form of marketing spin in which green PR and green marketing are deceptively used to persuade the public that an organization's products, aims, and policies are environmentally friendly." In my view, greenwashing happens both intentionally and accidentally. There are a lot of good people out there who want to make a difference but don't yet know much about complex environmental systems or the depth of issues around sustainability. +维基百科对 "洗绿 "的定义称其为 "一种营销策略，其中绿色公关和绿色营销被欺骗性地用来说服公众，使其相信一个组织的产品、目标和政策是环保的"。在我看来，洗绿既是有意为之，也是无意中发生的。外面有很多想有所作为的好人，但对复杂的环境系统或围绕可持续发展的问题的深度还不甚了解。 -It's easy to fall into the trap of thinking a simple purchase like offsetting travel or datacenter emissions by planting trees will make something greener. While these efforts are welcome, and planting trees is a viable solution to improving sustainability, they are only a good first step—a scratch on the surface of what needs to happen to make a real difference. +我们很容易落入这样的陷阱，即认为通过植树来抵消旅行或数据中心的排放等简单的购买行为会使一些东西变得更加绿色。虽然这些努力是值得提倡的，而且植树是改善可持续发展的一个可行的解决方案，但它们只是一个很好的开端，仍然需要进行更多的努力才能真正产生变革。 -So what can a person, or a community, do to make digital technology genuinely more sustainable? +那么，一个人或一个社区可以做些什么来使数字技术真正地更加可持续？ -Sustainability has different meanings to different people. The shortest definition that I like is from the 1987 Bruntland Report, which summarizes it as "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs." Sustainability at its core is prioritizing long-term thinking. +可持续性对不同的人有不同的含义。我喜欢的最简短的定义来自1987年的《布伦特兰报告》，该报告将其概括为 "既能满足当代的需要，同时又不损及后代满足其需要的发展模式"。可持续发展的核心是优先考虑长期思维。 -### Sustainability is more than environmental preservation +### 可持续发展不仅仅是保护环境 -There are three key interconnected pillars in the definition of sustainability: +在可持续性的定义中，有三个相互关联的关键支柱。 -1. Environmental -2. Economic / governance -3. Social +1. 环境 +2. 经济 / 政策 +3. 社会 -Conversations about sustainability are increasingly dominated by the climate crisis—for good reason. The need to reduce the amount of carbon emissions emitted by the richer countries in the world becomes increasingly urgent as we continue to pass irreversible ecological tipping points. But true sustainability is a much more comprehensive set of considerations, as demonstrated by the three pillars. +关于可持续发展的讨论越来越多地被气候危机所主导，这是有道理的。随着我们继续通过不可逆转的生态临界点，减少世界上较富裕国家的碳排放的需求变得越来越紧迫。但真正的可持续性是一套更全面的体系，正如三大支柱所展示的那样。 -Carbon emissions are most certainly a part of sustainability. Many people consider emissions only an environmental issue: Just take more carbon out of the air, and everything will be ok. But social issues are just as much a part of sustainability. Who is affected by these carbon emissions? Who stands to bear the greatest impact from changes to our climate? Who has lost their land due to rising sea levels or a reliable water source due to changing weather patterns? That's why you might have heard the phrase "climate justice is social justice." +碳排放无疑是可持续性的一部分。许多人认为排放只是一个环境问题。只要从空气中移除更多的碳，一切都会好起来。但社会问题也是可持续性的一部分。谁会受到这些碳排放的影响？谁将承受我们气候变化带来的最大影响？谁因海平面上升而失去了家园，或因天气模式变化而失去了可靠的水源？这就是为什么你可能听说过 "气候正义就是社会正义 "这句话。 -Thinking only about decarbonization as sustainability can give you carbon tunnel vision. I often think that climate change is a symptom of society getting sustainability wrong on a wider scale. Instead, it is critical to address the root causes that brought about climate change in the first place. Tackling these will make it possible to fix the problems in the long term, while a short-term fix may only push the issue onto another vulnerable community. +仅仅把减碳看作是可持续发展会令你的视野被限定在碳上。我经常认为，气候变化是社会在更大范围内错失可持续性的一个症状。相反，关键是要解决首先导致气候变化的根本原因。解决这些问题将使长期解决这些问题成为可能，而短期解决可能只会将问题推向另一个脆弱的边缘。 -The root causes are complex. But if I follow them back to their source, I see that the root causes are driven by dominant Western values and the systems designed to perpetuate those values. And what are those values? For the most part, they are short-term growth and the extraction of profit above all else. +其根本原因很复杂。但是，如果我追根溯源，我看到根本问题是由主导的西方价值观并旨在延续这些价值观的系统所驱动的。这些价值观是什么呢？一语概之，它们是快速增长和对利润的攫取高于一切。 -That is why conversations about sustainability that don't include social issues or how economies are designed won't reach true solutions. After all, societies, and the people in positions of power, determine what their own values are—or aren't. +这就是为什么关于可持续性的对话如果不包括社会问题或经济的设计方式，就不会达成真正的解决方案。毕竟，社会和掌握权力的人决定了他们自己的价值观是什么，或者不是什么。 -### What can you or I do? +### 我能做什么？ -Many in the tech sector are currently grappling with these issues and want to know how to take meaningful action. One common approach is looking at how to optimize the tech they build so that it uses electricity more effectively. Sixty percent of the world's electricity is still generated by burning fossil fuels, despite the increasing capacity for renewable energy generation. Logically, using less electricity means generating fewer carbon emissions. +科技领域的许多人目前正致力于解决这些问题，并想知道怎样行动更有意义。一个常见的方法是研究如何优化他们制造的技术，使其更有效地使用电力。世界上60%的电力仍然是通过燃烧化石燃料产生的，尽管可再生能源的发电能力不断提高。但从逻辑上讲，使用更少的电力意味着产生更少的碳排放。 -And yes, that is a meaningful action that anyone can take right now, today. Optimizing the assets sent when someone loads a page to send less data will use less energy. So will optimizing servers to run at different times of the day, for example when there are more renewables online, or deleting old stores of redundant information, such as analytics data or logs. +是的，这是很有意义的，任何人都可以尝试，立即就能生效。当用户加载一个页面时，优化发送的资源，以发送更少的数据，将使用更少的能源。因此，优化服务器，使其在一天中的不同时段运行，例如，当有更多的可再生能源可用时运行，或删除多余信息的旧存储，如分析数据或日志。 -But consider Jevon's paradox: Making something more efficient often leads to using more of it, not less. When it is easier and more accessible for people to use something, they end up consuming more. In some ways, that is good. Better performing tech is a good thing that helps increase inclusion and accessibility, and that's good for society. But long-term solutions for climate change and sustainability require deeper, more uncomfortable conversations around the relationship between society and technology. What and who is all this technology serving? What behaviors and practices is it accelerating? +但考虑到杰文的悖论：使某样东西更有效率往往会导致使用更多的东西，而不是减少。当人们更容易和更容易使用某样东西时，他们最终会使用更多。在某种角度，这是好的。性能更好的技术是一件好事，有助于提高包容性和触及性，这对社会是有益的。但是，气候变化和可持续性的长期解决方案需要围绕社会和技术之间的关系进行更深入、更令人不适的对话。所有这些技术在为什么和谁服务？它正在加速哪些行为和做法？ -It's common to view advancing technology as progress, and some people repeat the mantra that technology will save the world from climate change. A few bright folks will do the hard work, so no one else has to change their ways. The problem is that many communities and ecosystems are already suffering. +将技术的演进视为进步很正常，一些人认为：技术将把世界从气候变化中拯救出来。一些聪明的人正在通过艰苦卓绝的努力改善这一问题，所以其他人不需要改变他们的方式。问题是，许多社区和生态系统已经在遭受更大的创伤。 -For example, the accelerating quest for more data is causing some communities in Chile to have insufficient water to grow their crops. Instead, datacenters are using it. Seventy percent of the pollution caused by mobile phones comes from their manufacture. The raw resources such as lithium and cobalt to make and power mobile devices are usually extracted from a community that has little power to stop the destruction of their land and that certainly does not partake in the profit made. Still, the practice of upgrading your phone every two years has become commonplace. +例如，对更多更高速传输的数据的追求正在导致智利的一些社区没有足够的水来种植农作物。因为数据中心正在使用这些宝贵的水源。移动电话造成的污染有70%来自于其制造。制造移动设备并为其提供动力的锂和钴等原材料通常是从弱势的社区中提取的，而这些社区几乎没有能力阻止制造商对其土地的破坏，当然也没有分享所获利润。尽管如此，每两年升级一次手机的做法已经变得很普遍了。 -### Open source leading the way for sustainability +### 开源思路引领可持续发展之路 -It's time to view the use of digital technology as a precious resource with consequences to both the planet and (often already disadvantaged) communities. +现在是时候将数字技术的使用视为一种宝贵的资源，这对地球和（通常已经处于弱势的）社区都有影响。 -The open source community is already a leading light in helping people to realize there is another way: the open source way. There are huge parallels between the open source way and what our wider society needs to do to achieve a more sustainable future. Being more open and inclusive is a key part of that. +开源社区已经是帮助人们认识到有另一种解决方案：开源。开源与我们更广泛的社会为实现更可持续的未来而需要做的事情之间有巨大的相似之处。更加开放和包容是其中的一个关键部分。 -We also need a mindset shift at all levels of society that views digital technology as having growth limits and not as the abundantly cheap and free thing we see today. We need to wisely prioritize its application in society to the things that matter. And above all else, we need to visualize and eradicate the harms from its creation and continued use and share the wealth that is does create equitably with everyone in society, whether they are users of digital tech or not. These things aren’t going to happen overnight, but they are things we can come together to push towards so that we all enjoy the benefits of digital technology for the long-term, sustainably. +我们还需要在社会的各个层面进行思维转变，将数字技术视为有代价的增长，而不是我们今天看到的大量廉价和免费的东西。我们需要明智地将其优先用于对于社会而言最为重要的事情。更重要的是，我们需要关注并消除其创造和长期使用所带来的危害，并与社会上的每个人公平地分享其创造的财富，无论他们是否是数字技术的使用者。这些事情不会在一夜之间发生，但它们是我们可以共同推动的事情，以便我们都能长期、可持续地享受数字技术的好处。 -This article is based on a longer presentation. To see the talk in full or view the slides, see the post ["How can we make digital technology more sustainable."][3] +本文节选自一篇较长的演讲。要想看到演讲的全文或查看幻灯片，请参见 ["我们如何使数字技术更具有可持续性 "][3]一文。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From e6bca46ecc25426fdc49af6beed792aa94693f19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 01:21:45 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 078/333] Rename sources/talk/20220508 How open source leads the way for sustainable technology.md to translated/talk/20220508 How open source leads the way for sustainable technology.md --- ...08 How open source leads the way for sustainable technology.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/talk/20220508 How open source leads the way for sustainable technology.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/talk/20220508 How open source leads the way for sustainable technology.md b/translated/talk/20220508 How open source leads the way for sustainable technology.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/talk/20220508 How open source leads the way for sustainable technology.md rename to translated/talk/20220508 How open source leads the way for sustainable technology.md From 917c9d47e8b0061764cf7f9b764ed744c0493d5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 05:02:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 079/333] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220518=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Five=20common=20mistakes=20when=20using=20automation?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220518 Five common mistakes when using automation.md --- ...e common mistakes when using automation.md | 58 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 58 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220518 Five common mistakes when using automation.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220518 Five common mistakes when using automation.md b/sources/tech/20220518 Five common mistakes when using automation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f7b043fe65 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220518 Five common mistakes when using automation.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +[#]: subject: "Five common mistakes when using automation" +[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/five-common-mistakes-when-using-automation/" +[#]: author: "Gary Scarborough https://fedoramagazine.org/author/gscarbor/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Five common mistakes when using automation +====== + +![][1] + +Background image from ["Modern Times" (1936)][2], [United Artists][3], Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons + +As automation expands to cover more aspects of IT, more administrators are learning automation skills and applying them to ease their workload. Automation can ease the burden of repetitive tasks and add a level of conformity to infrastructure. But when IT workers deploy automation, there are common mistakes that can wreak havoc on infrastructures large and small. Five common mistakes are typically seen in automation deployments. + +### Lack of testing + +A beginner’s mistake that is commonly made is that automation scripts are not thoroughly tested. A simple shell script can have adverse affects on a server due to typos or logic errors. Multiply that mistake by the number of servers in your infrastructure, and you can have a big mess to clean up. Always test your automation scripts before deploying in large scale. + +### Unexpected server load + +The second mistake that frequently occurs is not predicting the system load the script may put on other resources. Running a script that downloads a file or installs a package from a repository may be fine when the target is a dozen servers. Scripts are often run against hundreds or thousands of servers. This load can bring supporting services to a stand still or crash them entirely. Don’t forget to consider end point impact or set a reasonable concurrency rate. + +### Run away scripts + +One use of automation tools is to ensure compliance to standard settings. Automation can make it easy to ensure that every server in a group has exactly the same settings. Problems may arise if a server in that group needs to be altered from that baseline, and the administrator is not aware of the compliance standard. Unneeded and unwanted services can be installed and enabled leading to possible security concerns. + +### Lack of documentation + +A constant duty for administrators should be to document their work. Companies can have frequent new employees in IT departments due to contracts ending or promotions or regular employee turnover. It is also not uncommon for work groups within a company to be siloed from each other. For these reasons it is important to document what automation is in place. Unlike user run scripts, automation may continue long after the person who created it leaves the group. Administrators can find themselves facing strange behaviors in their infrastructure from automation left unchecked. + +### Lack of experience + +The last mistake on the list is when administrators do not know enough about the systems they are automating. Too often admins are hired to work positions where they do not have adequate training and no one to learn from. This has been especially relevant since COVID when companies are struggling to fill vacancies. Admins are then forced to deal with infrastructure they didn’t set up and may not fully understand. This can lead to very inefficient scripts that waste resources or misconfigured servers. + +### Conclusion + +More and more admins are learning automation to help them in their everyday tasks. As a result, automation is being applied to more areas of technology. Hopefully this list will help prevent new users from making these mistakes and urge seasoned admins to re-evaluate their IT strategies. Automation is meant to ease the burden of repetitive tasks, not cause more work for the end user. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://fedoramagazine.org/five-common-mistakes-when-using-automation/ + +作者：[Gary Scarborough][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/gscarbor/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/modern-times-816x345.jpg +[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Times_(film) +[3]: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chaplin_-_Modern_Times.jpg From 47feb3109550966d2f520136ac1c4d5a4f57e908 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 08:24:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 080/333] translated --- ...ructured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md | 130 ------------------ ...ructured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md | 130 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 130 insertions(+), 130 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md b/sources/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6e2dad548f..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,130 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL" -[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/05/structured-data-processing-with-spark-sql/" -[#]: author: "Phani Kiran https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/phani-kiran/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL -====== -Spark SQL is the module in the Spark ecosystem that processes data in a structured format. It internally uses the Spark Core API for its process, but the usage is abstracted from the user. This article dives a little deeper and tells you what’s new in Spark SQL 3.x. - -![][1] - -with Spark SQL, users can also write SQL-styled queries. This is essentially helpful for the wide user community that is proficient in structured query language or SQL. Users will also be able to write interactive and ad hoc queries on the structured data. Spark SQL bridges the gap between resilient distributed data sets (RDDs) and relational tables. An RDD is the fundamental data structure of Spark. It stores data as distributed objects across a cluster of nodes suitable for parallel processing. RDDs are good for low-level processing, but are difficult to debug during runtime and programmers cannot automatically infer schema. Also, there is no built-in optimisation for RDDs. Spark SQL provides the DataFrames and data sets to address these issues. - -Spark SQL can use the existing Hive metastore, SerDes, and UDFs. It can connect to existing BI tools using JDBC/ODBC. - -### Data sources - -Big Data processing often needs the ability to process different file types and data sources (relational and non-relational). Spark SQL supports a unified DataFrame interface to process different types of sources, as given below. - -*Files:* - -* CSV -* Text -* JSON -* XML - -*JDBC/ODBC:* - -* MySQL -* Oracle -* Postgres - -*Files with schema:* - -* AVRO -* Parquet - -*Hive tables:* - -* Spark SQL also supports reading and writing data stored in Apache Hive. - -With DataFrame, users can seamlessly read these diversified data sources and do transformations/joins on them. - -### What’s new in Spark SQL 3.x - -In the previous releases (Spark 2.x), the query plans were based on heuristics rules and cost estimation. The process from parsing to logical and physical query planning, and finally to optimisation was sequential. These releases had little visibility into the runtime characteristics of transformations and actions. Hence, the query plan was suboptimal because of the following reasons: - -* Missing and outdated statistics -* Suboptimal heuristics -* Wrong estimation of costs - -Spark 3.x has enhanced this process by using runtime data for iteratively improving the query planning and optimisation. The runtime statistics of a prior stage are used to optimise the query plan for subsequent stages. There is a feedback loop that helps to re-plan and re-optimise the execution plan. - -![Figure 1: Query planning][2] - -#### Adaptive query execution (AQE) - -The query is changed to a logical plan and finally to a physical plan. The concept here is ‘reoptimisation’. It takes the data available during the prior stage and reoptimises for subsequent stages. Because of this, the overall query execution is much faster. - -AQE can be enabled by setting the SQL configuration, as given below (default false in Spark 3.0): - -``` -spark.conf.set(“spark.sql.adaptive.enabled”,true) -``` - -#### Dynamically coalescing shuffle partitions - -Spark determines the optimum number of partitions after a shuffle operation. With AQE, Spark uses the default number of partitions, which is 200. This can be enabled by the configuration: - -``` -spark.conf.set(“spark.sql.adaptive.coalescePartitions.enabled”,true) -``` - -#### Dynamically switching join strategies - -Broadcast Hash is the best join operation. If one of the data sets is small, Spark can dynamically switch to Broadcast join instead of shuffling large amounts of data across the network. - -#### Dynamically optimising skew joins - -If the data dispersion is not uniform, data will be skewed and there will be a few large partitions. These partitions take up a lot of time. Spark 3.x optimises this by splitting the large partitions into multiple small partitions. This can be enabled by setting: - -``` -spark.conf.set(“spark.sql.adaptive.skewJoin.enabled”,true) -``` - -![Figure 2: Performance improvement in Spark 3.x (Source: Databricks)][3] - -### Other enhancements - - -In addition, Spark SQL 3.x supports the following. - -#### Dynamic partition pruning - -3.x will only read the partitions that are relevant based on the values from one of the tables. This eliminates the need to parse the big tables. - -#### Join hints - -This allows users to specify the join strategy to be used if the user has knowledge of the data. This enhances the query execution process. - -#### ANSI SQL compliant - -In the earlier versions of Spark, which are Hive compliant, we could use certain keywords in the query which would work perfectly fine. However, this is not allowed in Spark SQL 3, which has full ANSI SQL support. For example, ‘cast a string to integer’ will throw runtime exception. It also supports reserved keywords. - -#### Newer Hadoop, Java and Scala versions - -From Spark 3.0 onwards, Java 11 and Scala 2.12 are supported. Java 11 has better native coordination and garbage correction, which results in better performance. Scala 2.12 exploits new features of Java 8 and is better than 2.11. - -Spark 3.x has provided these useful features off-the-shelf instead of developers worrying about them. This will improve the overall performance of Spark significantly. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/05/structured-data-processing-with-spark-sql/ - -作者：[Phani Kiran][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/phani-kiran/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Spark-SQL-Data-cluster.jpg -[2]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Figure-1-Query-planning.jpg -[3]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Figure-2-Performance-improvement-in-Spark-3.x-Source-Databricks.jpg diff --git a/translated/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md b/translated/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0385b7a3af --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220516 Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL.md @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +[#]: subject: "Structured Data Processing with Spark SQL" +[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/05/structured-data-processing-with-spark-sql/" +[#]: author: "Phani Kiran https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/phani-kiran/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +用 Spark SQL 进行结构化数据处理 +====== +Spark SQL 是 Spark 生态系统中处理结构化格式数据的模块。它在内部使用 Spark Core API 进行处理，但对用户的使用进行了抽象。这篇文章深入浅出，告诉你 Spark SQL 3.x 的新内容。 + +![][1] + +有了 Spark SQL，用户还可以编写 SQL 风格的查询。这对于精通结构化查询语言或 SQL 的广大用户群体来说，基本上是很有帮助的。用户也将能够在结构化数据上编写交互式和临时性的查询。Spark SQL 弥补了弹性分布式数据集（RDD）和关系表之间的差距。RDD 是 Spark 的基本数据结构。它将数据作为分布式对象存储在适合并行处理的节点集群中。RDD 很适合底层处理，但在运行时很难调试，程序员不能自动推断 schema。另外，RDD 没有内置的优化功能。Spark SQL 提供了 DataFrames 和数据集来解决这些问题。 + +Spark SQL 可以使用现有的 Hive 元存储、SerDes 和 UDFs。它可以使用 JDBC/ODBC 连接到现有的 BI 工具。 + +### 数据源 + +大数据处理通常需要处理不同的文件类型和数据源（关系型和非关系型）的能力。Spark SQL 支持一个统一的 DataFrame 接口来处理不同类型的源，如下所示。 + +*文件：* + +* CSV +* Text +* JSON +* XML + +*JDBC/ODBC：* + +* MySQL +* Oracle +* Postgres + +*带 schema 的文件：* + +* AVRO +* Parquet + +*Hive 表：* + +* Spark SQL 也支持读写存储在 Apache Hive 中的数据。 + +通过 DataFrame，用户可以无缝地读取这些多样化的数据源，并对其进行转换/连接。 + +### Spark SQL 3.x 的新内容 + +在以前的版本中（Spark 2.x），查询计划是基于启发式规则和成本估算的。从解析到逻辑和物理查询计划，最后到优化的过程是连续的。这些版本对转换和行动的运行时特性几乎没有可见性。因此，由于以下原因，查询计划是次优的： + +* 缺失和过时的统计数据 +* 次优的启发式方法 +* 错误的成本估计 + +Spark 3.x 通过使用运行时数据来迭代改进查询计划和优化，增强了这个过程。前一阶段的运行时统计数据被用来优化后续阶段的查询计划。这里有一个反馈回路，有助于重新规划和重新优化执行计划。 + +![Figure 1: Query planning][2] + +#### 自适应查询执行（AQE） + +查询被改变为逻辑计划，最后变成物理计划。这里的概念是“重新优化”。它利用前一阶段的可用数据，为后续阶段重新优化。正因为如此，整个查询的执行要快得多。 + +AQE 可以通过设置 SQL 配置来启用，如下所示（Spark 3.0 中默认为 false）： + +``` +spark.conf.set(“spark.sql.adaptive.enabled”,true) +``` + +#### 动态合并 shuffle 分区 + +Spark 在 shuffle 操作后确定最佳的分区数量。在 AQE 中，Spark 使用默认的分区数，即 200 个。这可以通过配置来启用。 + +``` +spark.conf.set(“spark.sql.adaptive.coalescePartitions.enabled”,true) +``` + +#### 动态切换 join 策略 + +广播哈希是最好的连接操作。如果其中一个数据集很小，Spark 可以动态地切换到广播 join，而不是在网络上 shuffe 大量的数据。 + +#### 动态优化倾斜 join + +如果数据分布不均匀，数据会出现倾斜，会有一些大的分区。这些分区占用了大量的时间。Spark 3.x 通过将大分区分割成多个小分区来进行优化。这可以通过设置来启用： + +``` +spark.conf.set(“spark.sql.adaptive.skewJoin.enabled”,true) +``` + +![Figure 2: Performance improvement in Spark 3.x (Source: Databricks)][3] + +### 其他改进措施 + + +此外，Spark SQL 3.x还支持以下内容。 + +#### 动态分区修剪 + +3.x 将只读取基于其中一个表的值的相关分区。这消除了解析大表的需要。 + +#### Join 提示 + +如果用户对数据有了解，这允许用户指定要使用的 join 策略。这增强了查询的执行过程。 + +#### 兼容 ANSI SQL + +在兼容 Hive 的早期版本的 Spark 中，我们可以在查询中使用某些关键词，这样做是完全可行的。然而，这在 Spark SQL 3 中是不允许的，因为它有完整的 ANSI SQL 支持。例如，“将字符串转换为整数”会在运行时产生异常。它还支持保留关键字。 + +#### 较新的 Hadoop、Java 和 Scala 版本 + +从 Spark 3.0 开始，支持 Java 11 和 Scala 2.12。 Java 11 具有更好的原生协调和垃圾校正，从而带来更好的性能。 Scala 2.12 利用了 Java 8 的新特性，优于 2.11。 + +Spark 3.x 提供了这些现成的有用功能，而无需开发人员操心。这将显着提高 Spark 的整体性能。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/05/structured-data-processing-with-spark-sql/ + +作者：[Phani Kiran][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/phani-kiran/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Spark-SQL-Data-cluster.jpg +[2]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Figure-1-Query-planning.jpg +[3]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Figure-2-Performance-improvement-in-Spark-3.x-Source-Databricks.jpg From 9d3abe503a7a1f092d2d004965e1cb116e976ba3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 08:26:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 081/333] RP @lkxed https://linux.cn/article-14610-1.html --- ... Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md | 25 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md (65%) diff --git a/translated/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md b/published/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md similarity index 65% rename from translated/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md rename to published/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md index 1f724fc8cb..6306b97b23 100644 --- a/translated/news/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md +++ b/published/20220516 Fudgie- The Awesome Budgie Desktop is Coming to Fedora Linux Soon.md @@ -3,25 +3,26 @@ [#]: author: "Abhishek https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14610-1.html" Fudgie？令人惊叹的 Budgie 桌面即将登陆 Fedora Linux ====== -Fedora 用户也将能够享受 Budgie 桌面环境的现代体验。 + +> Fedora 用户也将能够享受 Budgie 桌面环境的现代体验。 ![Fedora Budgie][1] -近来，红帽的社区项目 Fedora 已经获得了相当不错的用户基础。除了默认桌面 GNOME 外，Fedora 也以 [Fedora Spins][2] 的形式提供了多种其他桌面环境。 +近来，红帽的社区项目 Fedora 已经获得了相当不错的用户群。除了默认桌面 GNOME 外，Fedora 也以 [Fedora 定制版][2]Fedora Spins 的形式提供了多种其他桌面环境。 -这意味着你可以在 Fedora 上享受 KDE、MATE、Xfce 和其他一些桌面环境的开箱即用的体验，而无需额外的努力。喜欢 KDE 而不是 GNOME 吗？下载 Fedora 的 KDE 版本，安装它，就像安装常规的 Fedora 一样。 +这意味着你可以在 Fedora 上享受 KDE、MATE、Xfce 和其他一些桌面环境的开箱即用的体验，而无需额外的努力。喜欢 KDE 而不是 GNOME 吗？下载 Fedora 的 KDE 定制版，安装它，就像安装常规的 Fedora 一样。 -Fedora Spins 中缺少的一个桌面产品是 Budgie 桌面。 +Fedora 定制版中缺少的一个桌面环境是 Budgie 桌面。 ### Budgie 走向独立 -在 2014 年左右，Budgie 桌面与 Solus Linux 项目一起推出。最近，Solus 和 Budgie 项目出现了一些 [倒退式的发展][3]。Budgie 项目现在已经 [从 Sorus Linux 中独立出来了][4]。 +在 2014 年左右，Budgie 桌面随同 Solus Linux 项目一起推出。最近，Solus 和 Budgie 项目出现了一些 [倒退式的发展][3]。Budgie 项目现在已经 [从 Solus Linux 中独立出来了][4]。 自从首次发布以来，Budgie 就获得了一定的追随者。它的现代布局方式受到了许多 Linux 用户的喜爱。这也是许多其他主要 Linux 发行版（如 Ubuntu、Manjaro、openSUSE）开始提供 Budgie 版本的原因。 @@ -33,13 +34,13 @@ Fedora Spins 中缺少的一个桌面产品是 Budgie 桌面。 Budgie 项目的首席开发人员 Joshua Strobl 在 [Reddit 帖子][6] 中宣布了这一消息。 -> 我现在已提交 Budgie Desktop 及其它的附属软件（Budgie 控制中心、Budgie 屏幕保护程序、Budgie 桌面视图）加入到 Fedora 中的申请。从 Fedora rawhide（37）开始并向后移植到 36。它会得到“官方的”维护/支持，因为我自己在工作笔记本电脑上使用 Fedora Silverblue + rawhide，并且我以后会切换桌面到 Fedora Silverblue。 +> 我现在已提交 Budgie 桌面及其它的附属软件（Budgie 控制中心、Budgie 屏幕保护程序、Budgie 桌面视图）加入到 Fedora 中的申请。从 Fedora rawhide（37）开始并向后移植到 36。它会得到“官方的”维护/支持，因为我自己在工作笔记本电脑上使用 Fedora Silverblue + rawhide，并且我以后会切换桌面到 Fedora Silverblue。 这意味着，如果该软件包得到了 Fedora 团队的批准，你应该就能在 Fedora 37 中（甚至有希望在 Fedora 36 中）安装 Budgie 和它的附属软件。 -但这还不是故事的结束。Joshua 提到，他也在考虑引入并支持包含 Budgie 桌面的 Fedora 官方版本。这意味着人们将能够下载一个预装了 Budgie（而不是 GNOME）桌面的 Fedora ISO。 +但这还不是故事的结束。Joshua 提到，他也在考虑引入并支持包含 Budgie 桌面的 Fedora 官方定制版。这意味着人们将能够下载一个预装了 Budgie（而不是 GNOME）桌面的 Fedora ISO。 -目前还不清楚他的意思，有可能是一个 Budge 的 Fedora 官方版本，也有可能是一个新的非官方的 Fedora 衍生版，名为 “Fudgie”，完全由他来维护。 +目前还不清楚他的意思，有可能是一个 Budge 的 Fedora 官方定制版，也有可能是一个新的非官方的 Fedora 衍生版，名为 “Fudgie”，完全由他来维护。 ### Fedora + Budgie 是一个好消息 @@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ via: https://news.itsfoss.com/fudgie-fedora-budgie-announcement/ 作者：[Abhishek][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From cd1881bcbf4205f62ba94e297a7e88905d55d4d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 08:27:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 082/333] translating --- .../tech/20220518 Five common mistakes when using automation.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220518 Five common mistakes when using automation.md b/sources/tech/20220518 Five common mistakes when using automation.md index f7b043fe65..9192267416 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220518 Five common mistakes when using automation.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220518 Five common mistakes when using automation.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/five-common-mistakes-when-using-automation/" [#]: author: "Gary Scarborough https://fedoramagazine.org/author/gscarbor/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 43a9bd7d475e2579befc9d4f1d1cf5e7ad75a707 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Starryi Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 10:42:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 083/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:A=20hands-on=20tutorial=20for=20using=20the=20GNU=20Proje?= =?UTF-8?q?ct=20Debugger.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...07 A hands-on tutorial for using the GNU Project Debugger.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210107 A hands-on tutorial for using the GNU Project Debugger.md b/sources/tech/20210107 A hands-on tutorial for using the GNU Project Debugger.md index ac878e098c..422cb3821d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210107 A hands-on tutorial for using the GNU Project Debugger.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210107 A hands-on tutorial for using the GNU Project Debugger.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (Starryi) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) From 5942e61bac2c72bc48030c88cba735d061de25ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 13:54:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 084/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?news]:=2020220517=20Adobe=20Illustrator=20Alternative=20Inkscap?= =?UTF-8?q?e=20Releases=20Version=201.2.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...obe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md b/sources/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md index 660ea72235..a68a84917e 100644 --- a/sources/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md +++ b/sources/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/inkscape-1-2-release/" [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "lkxed" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 4c8e4e3ac1238514e21664c8eedcba265fe89afa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 14:17:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 085/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?news]:=2020220517=20Adobe=20Illustrator=20Alternative=20Inkscap?= =?UTF-8?q?e=20Releases=20Version=201.2.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md | 112 ------------------ ...ternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md | 109 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 109 insertions(+), 112 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md create mode 100644 translated/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md b/sources/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md deleted file mode 100644 index a68a84917e..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/inkscape-1-2-release/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2 -====== -Inkscape 1.2 is an exciting update with many useful improvements and feature additions. Take it for a spin! - -![inkscape][1] - -Inkscape is a popular open-source vector graphics program available for Linux, Windows, and macOS. - -The latest release focuses on refinements to existing tools and more customization options. - -There are also a couple of new additions to the application. Let’s take a look. - -### Inkscape 1.2: What’s New? - -[Inkscape 1.2 is here!][2] - -![][3] - -Inkscape 1.2 is an exciting update with many useful enhancements. Some of the key changes include: - -* Improved gradient editor -* New snapping modes -* Support for Multi-page documents -* Improved export dialog -* Customizable toolbar - -Here, I shall highlight the important feature improvements: - -#### Multi-Page Document Support - -![][4] - -You can now create standard/custom-size pages in the same document, and finalize them by saving them as a multi-page PDF. - -Not the ability to export, but you can also import a multi-page PDF to make things easy. - -### Customize Color Palette - -Easily change the size, reconfigure the colors to explore the available color palettes, and select the one you really like. - -It should make things quicker when you require working with several color palettes in the user interface. - -### New ‘Tiling’ Live Path Effect - -If you are working with a large number of objects and want to explore path effects, the new tiling live path effect should be interesting. - -You can easily tweak the mirroring mode, adjust the gap, add rows and columns, and get numerous opportunities to get creative. - -### Layers and Object Dialog - -![][5] - -Most of the improvements make the experience more straightforward than it already was. With the new merged layers and object dialog, you can quickly organize/find objects per the layer you’re looking for. - -You can even customize the layer and object colors to differentiate them. - -### Export Dialog - -![][6] - -The export dialog now provides you options to choose a simple/batch export along with the ability to pick a file format and DPI settings. - -### Other Improvements - -In addition to the key highlights, some of the significant changes include: - -* Two new modes of on-canvas snapping help align objects. -* You can choose the gradients right within the Fill and Stroke dialog box. -* The ability to edit a marker. -* Improved compatibility with extensions. -* Updated SVG font editor. -* Performance improvements. -* Configurable toolbar. - -You can refer to the [Inkscape 1.2 release notes][7] to explore all the technical changes. - -### Download Inkscape 1.2 - -You can download Inkscape 1.2 as an AppImage from its official website or check other available packages for Windows/macOS platforms. - -[Inkscape 1.2][8] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/inkscape-1-2-release/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/inkscape-1-2.jpg -[2]: https://youtu.be/1U4hVbvRr_g -[3]: https://youtu.be/1U4hVbvRr_g -[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/inkscape-1-2-multi-document.jpg -[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/inkscape-1-2layers-objects-1024x593.jpg -[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/inkscape1-2-export-1024x688.jpg -[7]: https://media.inkscape.org/media/doc/release_notes/1.2/Inkscape_1.2.html -[8]: https://inkscape.org/release/inkscape-1.2/ diff --git a/translated/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md b/translated/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4119f0bc7b --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +[#]: subject: "Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/inkscape-1-2-release/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Adobe Illustrator 的替代品 Inkscape 发布了 1.2 版本 +====== +Inkscape 1.2 是一个激动人心的更新，包含许多有用的改进和新增功能。试一试吧！ + +![Inkscape][1] + +Inkscape 是一个流行的开源矢量图形处理程序，可用于 Linux、Windows 和 macOS。 + +它的最新版本侧重于改进现有工具，以及提供更多自定义选项。 + +此外，它还有一些新增功能。让我们来看看吧！ + +### Inkscape 1.2：有什么新功能？ + +![Inkscape 1.2 is here!][2] + +Inkscape 1.2 是一个激动人心的更新，它包含了许多有用的增强功能。其中一些关键变化包括： + +* 改进的渐变编辑器 +* 新的捕捉模式 +* 支持多页文档 +* 改进的导出对话框 +* 可定制的工具栏 + +在这里，我将重点介绍重要的功能改进： + +#### 多页文档支持 + +![][4] + +你现在可以在同一个文档中创建多个标准/自定义大小的页面，并把它们保存为一个多页的 PDF 文档。 + +不仅是导出，你还可以导入多页 PDF 来简化操作。 + +### 自定义调色板 + +你现在可以轻松地更改尺寸、重新配置颜色，以此来尝试所有可用的调色板，然后选择你真正喜欢的颜色。 + +特别是当你需要在用户界面中使用多个调色板时，它会让操作更流畅。 + +### 新的“平铺”实时路径效果 + +如果你正在处理很多个对象，并想尝试不同路径效果，那么你应该会喜欢新的平铺实时路径效果。 + +你可以轻松调整镜像模式、调整间隙、添加行和列，从而获得大量发挥创意的机会。 + +### 图层和对象对话框 + +![][5] + +大多数改进使得体验比以前更直接。使用新的合并图层和对象对话框，你可以根据要查找的图层，快速组织/查找对象。 + +你甚至可以自定义图层和对象颜色来区分它们。 + +### 导出对话框 + +![][6] + +现在，导出对话框为你提供了选择简单/批量导出的选项，以及选择文件格式和 DPI 设置的能力。 + +### 其他改进 + +除了上面的主要亮点外，还有其他的一些重大变化，包括： + +* 两种新的画布捕捉模式有助于对齐对象 +* 你可以在“填充和描边Fill and Stroke”对话框中选择渐变 +* 编辑标记marker的能力 +* 改进了与扩展的兼容性 +* 更新了 SVG 字体编辑器 +* 性能改进 +* 可配置的工具栏 + +你可以参考 [Inkscape 1.2 发行说明][7] 来查看所有的技术变化。 + +### 下载 Inkscape 1.2 + +你可以从它的官方网站下载 AppImage 格式的 Inkscape 1.2 软件包，或查看其他适用于 Windows/macOS 平台的可用软件包。 + +[Inkscape 1.2][8] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/inkscape-1-2-release/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/inkscape-1-2.jpg +[2]: https://youtu.be/1U4hVbvRr_g +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/inkscape-1-2-multi-document.jpg +[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/inkscape-1-2layers-objects-1024x593.jpg +[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/inkscape1-2-export-1024x688.jpg +[7]: https://media.inkscape.org/media/doc/release_notes/1.2/Inkscape_1.2.html +[8]: https://inkscape.org/release/inkscape-1.2/ From aed3d501284e32a0dd5e3ec40d3054ee724d6c7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: FYJNEVERFOLLOWS Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 15:43:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 086/333] translating --- .../20210115 Learn awk by coding a -guess the number- game.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210115 Learn awk by coding a -guess the number- game.md b/sources/tech/20210115 Learn awk by coding a -guess the number- game.md index 2f342fa95c..2d817ff9b8 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210115 Learn awk by coding a -guess the number- game.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210115 Learn awk by coding a -guess the number- game.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (FYJNEVERFOLLOWS ) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/21/1/learn-awk 作者：[Chris Hermansen][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/FYJNEVERFOLLOWS) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 79e3fbd77dbc5d8612621b2725d40b8becb9e65d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Miak <105470784+yesimmia@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 16:10:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 087/333] Rename 20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md to sources/talk/20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md --- .../talk/20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename 20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md => sources/talk/20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md (100%) diff --git a/20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md b/sources/talk/20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md similarity index 100% rename from 20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md rename to sources/talk/20190331 Codecademy vs. The BBC Micro.md From c63fec0bd53444473a77ddcbf05f261859db1376 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 18:52:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 088/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220519=20Use=20this=20open=20source=20screen=20reade?= =?UTF-8?q?r=20on=20Windows.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...is open source screen reader on Windows.md | 69 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 69 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220519 Use this open source screen reader on Windows.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220519 Use this open source screen reader on Windows.md b/sources/tech/20220519 Use this open source screen reader on Windows.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2440e27da0 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220519 Use this open source screen reader on Windows.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +[#]: subject: "Use this open source screen reader on Windows" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/open-source-screen-reader-windows-nvda" +[#]: author: "Peter Cheer https://opensource.com/users/petercheer" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Use this open source screen reader on Windows +====== +In honor of Global Accessibility Awareness Day, learn about the NVDA open source screen reader and how you can get involved to improve accessibility for all web users. + +![Working from home at a laptop][1] +Image by: Opensource.com + +Screen readers are a specialized area of assistive technology software that reads and then speaks the content of a computer screen. People with no sight at all are just a fraction of those with visual impairments, and screen reader software can help all groups. Screen readers are mostly specific to an operating system, and they're used by people with visual impairments and accessibility trainers, as well as developers and accessibility consultants wanting to test how accessible a website or application is. + +### How to use the NVDA screen reader + +The [WebAIM screen reader user surveys][2] began in 2009 and ran to 2021. In the first survey, the most common screen reader used was JAWS at 74%. It is a commercial product for Microsoft Windows, and the long-time market leader. NVDA, then a relatively new open source screen reader for Windows came in at just 8%. Fast forward to 2021 and JAWS comes in with 53.7% with NVDA at 30.7%. + +You can download the latest release of NVDA from the [NVAccess website][3]. Why do I use NVDA and recommend it to my MS Windows using clients? Well, it is open source, fast, powerful, easy to install, supports a wide variety of languages, can be run as a portable application, has a large user base, and there is a regular release cycle for new versions. + +NVDA has been translated into fifty-five languages and is used in one-hundred and seventy-five different countries. There is also an active developer community with their own [Community Add-ons website][4]. Any add-ons you choose to install will depend on your needs and there are a lot to choose from, including extensions for common video conferencing platforms. + +Like all screen readers, there are a lot of key combinations to learn with NVDA. Using any screen reader proficiently takes training and practice. + +![Image of NVDA welcome screen][5] + +Teaching NVDA to people familiar with computers and who have keyboard skills is not too difficult. Teaching basic computer skills (without the mouse, touch pad, and keyboard skills) and working with NVDA to a complete beginner is far more of a challenge. Individual learning styles and preferences differ. In addition, people may not need to learn how to do everything if all that they want to do is browse the web and use email. A good source of links to NVDA tutorials and resources is [Accessibility Central][6]. + +It becomes easier once you have mastered operating NVDA with keyboard commands, but there is also a menu-driven system for many configuration tasks. + +![Image of NVDA menu][7] + +### Test for accessibility + +The inaccessibility of some websites to screen reader users has been a problem for many years, and still is despite disability equality legislation like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). An excellent use for NVDA in the sighted community is for website accessibility testing. NVDA is free to download, and by running a portable version, website developers don't even need to install it. Run NVDA, turn off your monitor or close your eyes, and see how well you can navigate a website or application. + +NVDA can also be used for testing when working through the (often ignored) task of properly [tagging a PDF document for accessibility][8]. + +There are several guides that concentrate on using NVDA for accessibility testing. I can recommend [Testing Web Pages with NVDA][9] and Using [NVDA to Evaluate Web Accessibility][10]. + +Image by: (Peter Cheer, CC BY-SA 4.0) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/open-source-screen-reader-windows-nvda + +作者：[Peter Cheer][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/petercheer +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/wfh_work_home_laptop_work.png +[2]: https://webaim.org/projects +[3]: https://www.nvaccess.org +[4]: https://addons.nvda-project.org/index.en.html +[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/nvda1.png +[6]: http://www.accessibilitycentral.net/ +[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/nvda2.png +[8]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRzWRk6cXIE +[9]: https://www.unimelb.edu.au/accessibility/tools/testing-web-pages-with-nvda +[10]: https://webaim.org/articles/nvda From 8d5253ef2ef72e6889fb99f9dcd9c5ce540e2ee2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 18:53:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 089/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220519=20Top=2010=20Essential=20Ubuntu=20Apps=20For?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Everyone=20in=202022.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ential Ubuntu Apps For Everyone in 2022.md | 196 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 196 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220519 Top 10 Essential Ubuntu Apps For Everyone in 2022.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220519 Top 10 Essential Ubuntu Apps For Everyone in 2022.md b/sources/tech/20220519 Top 10 Essential Ubuntu Apps For Everyone in 2022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa53c063ec --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220519 Top 10 Essential Ubuntu Apps For Everyone in 2022.md @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ +[#]: subject: "Top 10 Essential Ubuntu Apps For Everyone in 2022" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/essential-ubuntu-apps-2022-part-1/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Top 10 Essential Ubuntu Apps For Everyone in 2022 +====== +This article lists the top 10 essential Ubuntu apps for various use cases in 2022. + +If you are a casual user, student, teacher, scientist, developer or creator – you need additional applications for your workflow. The Linux ecosystem has thousands of applications scattered around for almost all possible needs. Most of the mainstream Linux distribution, including Ubuntu, features only basic applications as default. + +In this part 1 article (of a 5 part series), we list some of the professional-grade applications for everyone. + +### Essential Ubuntu Apps in 2022 – Part 1 + +#### 1. GNOME Tweak Tool + +The [GNOME Tweak Tool][1] is a must-have utility for your Ubuntu desktop if you are using the Ubuntu GNOME edition. To customise your desktop using this utility, you can change the font, scaling, themes, cursor, and many additional options. The default settings window doesn’t expose all the options today. + +In addition, you can also change the window decorations, title bar, title bar buttons and startup applications using this application. + +You can install it using the Software app by searching “Tweaks” or via the commands from the terminal as mentioned below. + +``` +sudo apt install gnome-tweaks +``` + +![GNOME Tweaks Tool][2] + +#### 2. Steam + +Gaming in Linux is not that difficult anymore, thanks to Valve and associated contributions from the community. [Steam][3] is a front end of video games service developed by Valve, which gives you access to the latest games on the Ubuntu platform with top features. Moreover, the Steam client also offers anti-cheat measures, auto-update and support for social conversation with streaming features. + +If you are a gamer and use Linux, Steam is a go-to client which you can install with the below commands. Also, you can search in Software as “Steam Installer” and install using [Flatpak][4] or [Snap][5]. + +``` +sudo apt install steam +``` + +![Steam Client][6] + +#### 3. Peek + +[Peek][7] is, in my opinion, an underrated application. It is an animated GIF recorder which is very useful for various workflow. This is such a powerful utility that it right fits in at Ubuntu or any Linux distro. Moreover, Peek brings options like recording area selection, countdown, gif, mp4 and WebM support. It uses ffmpeg for its backend. + +Install this excellent utility using Software by searching “peek” or by terminal commands mentioned below. + +``` +sudo apt install peek +``` + +![Peek][8] + +#### 4. Synaptic + +[Synaptic][9] is an excellent package manager that helps you add and remove packages traditionally. Those who are little experienced in Linux know about its features and flexibility. You can search for packages in various repositories, verify dependencies and proceed with the installation. + +A perfect application if you frequently install and uninstall packages. You can install synaptic using the commands mentioned below or search in Software with “synaptic”. + +``` +sudo apt install synaptic +``` + +![Synaptic Package Manager][10] + +#### 5. GDebi + +As we mentioned Synaptic above, you should also try out the [GDebi][11] package installer, which brings several features. The GDebi package installer is a command-line utility used to install external deb files. In addition, GDebi is much faster and more efficient installing .deb packages and resolves the dependencies on the fly and downloads them for you. + +One of the best terminal based Ubuntu applications for installing .deb packages, and you can install it using the below command. After installation, you can run `gdebi ` for installation of any packages. + +``` +sudo apt install gdebi +``` + +#### 6. Geary + +You always need a native [email client][12] for your Ubuntu desktop for any workflow. Emails are still relevant and valuable to many. While Ubuntu brings the great Thunderbird email client by default, you can always use another email client application which gives you a better experience. + +[Geary][13] has a friendly and straightforward user interface which gives you an easy way to set up multiple email accounts. In addition, Geary also brings conversation features, faster search, rich text email composing and other features which make it a “go-to” email client for Linux desktops. + +You can install Geary using the command below or search it in Software with the keyword “Geary”. It is also available as [Flatpak][14]. + +``` +sudo apt install geary +``` + +![Geary][15] + +#### 7. Google Chrome + +While many of you are concerned about privacy and tracking, Google Chrome is still the market leader in the browser space. Ubuntu features Firefox web browser by default, and with the recent snap events with Firefox, you may want to switch to another browser. + +You may think of using Google Chrome if you are tightly connected with the Google ecosystem and want a better web experience in streaming and browsing. However, if you are concerned about privacy and tracking, you may choose some other browsers such as Brave or Vivaldi. + +You can install Google Chrome after downloading the .deb file from the below link for Ubuntu Linux. After installation, you can open it via Software to install. + +[Download Google Chrome][16] + +#### 8. Kdenlive + +One of the best free and open-source video editors in Linux is [Kdenlive][17]. The KDenlive is simple to use with its well-designed user interface and comes with various features. Firstly, with Kdenlive, you can easily import video clips, change canvas resolution, and export to a wide range of formats after editing. Secondly, the timeline and tools allow you to cut and add titles, transitions and effects with just a click of a button. Moreover, it’s super easy to learn if you are new to video editing. + +Kdenlive is a very active project, and it’s getting more advanced features with every major release. This is one of the essential Ubuntu apps in 2022, which we feature in this list if you compare it with other [free video editors][18]. + +Installing Kdenlive is easy using the below command. In addition to that, you can also use [Flatpak][19] or [Snap][20] version to install. + +``` +sudo apt install kdenlive +``` + +![Kdenlive Video Editor][21] + +#### 9. Spectacle + +You may have tried many screenshot applications. But in my opinion, [Spectacle][22] is perhaps the best and underrated. The Spectacle is a KDE application that is super fast and perfectly fits any workflow that requires taking screenshots and using them. Firstly, you can capture the entire desktop, a portion of it or a window with a customised time. Secondly, the window captures can also pick the window decoration and cursor if needed. Third, Spectacle also gives you a built-in annotation feature to withdraw, write, and label your images. + +Furthermore, you can also open the image in GIMP or any image editor right from its main window and export them. In addition, autosave, copying the capture to the clipboard, and sharing to social media are some of the unique features of Spectacle. + +In my opinion, a complete screenshot tool with a built-in screen recorder. + +You can install Spectacle using the below command or from the [Snap store][23]. + +``` +sudo apt install kde-spectacle +``` + +![Spectacle Screenshot tool][24] + +#### 10. VLC Media Player + +Ubuntu Linux with GNOME desktop brings the GNOME Videos application by default for playing video files. But GNOME Videos cannot play several video formats due to a lack of decoding features. That is why, you should always consider [VLC Media Player][25] – which is a “go-to” media player on Linux desktops. + +VLC can play any format, literally. It even helps you to play corrupted video files having incomplete data. It is one of the powerful media players you can install using the command below. + +In addition, If you prefer another mode of installation, you can get it via [Flatpak][26] or [Snap][27]. + +``` +sudo apt install vlc +``` + +![VLC Media Player][28] + +### Closing Notes + +This concludes part 1 of a 5-part series of essential Ubuntu Apps in 2022. With the information above, I hope you get to choose some of the apps for your daily usage. And let me know which apps you prefer from this list in the comment box below. + +Finally, stay tuned for part 2 of this Ubuntu apps series. + +Cheers. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/essential-ubuntu-apps-2022-part-1/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-tweaks +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/GNOME-Tweaks-Tool.jpg +[3]: https://store.steampowered.com/ +[4]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.valvesoftware.Steam +[5]: https://snapcraft.io/steam +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Steam-Client.jpg +[7]: https://github.com/phw/peek +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Peek-in-action2.jpg +[9]: https://www.nongnu.org/synaptic/ +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Synaptic-Package-Manager.jpg +[11]: https://launchpad.net/gdebi +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2019/06/best-email-client-linux-windows/ +[13]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Geary +[14]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.gnome.Geary +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Geary.png +[16]: https://www.google.com/chrome +[17]: https://kdenlive.org/ +[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2019/09/best-free-video-editors-linux-ubuntu/ +[19]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.kde.kdenlive +[20]: https://snapcraft.io/kdenlive +[21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Kdenlive-Video-Editor.jpg +[22]: https://apps.kde.org/spectacle/ +[23]: https://snapcraft.io/spectacle +[24]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Spectacle-Screenshot-tool.jpg +[25]: https://www.videolan.org/vlc +[26]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.videolan.VLC +[27]: https://snapcraft.io/vlc +[28]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/VLC-Media-Player.jpg From 960005128dbaa9184fde301843051cfff47e40cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 18:55:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 090/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?talk]:=2020220519=20Near=20zero=20marginal=20cost=20societies?= =?UTF-8?q?=20and=20the=20impact=20on=20why=20we=20work.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...societies and the impact on why we work.md | 177 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 177 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20220519 Near zero marginal cost societies and the impact on why we work.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20220519 Near zero marginal cost societies and the impact on why we work.md b/sources/talk/20220519 Near zero marginal cost societies and the impact on why we work.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5930ee1ea4 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20220519 Near zero marginal cost societies and the impact on why we work.md @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ +[#]: subject: "Near zero marginal cost societies and the impact on why we work" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/open-organization/22/5/near-zero-marginal-cost-societies-and-impact-why-we-work" +[#]: author: "Ron McFarland https://opensource.com/users/ron-mcfarland" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Near zero marginal cost societies and the impact on why we work +====== +As the IoT becomes our working and living environment, energy costs will come closer to zero and community collaboration will be critical. + +![A network of people][1] +Image by: Opensource.com + +I have read Jeremy Rifkin's book [The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism][2], which has a strong connection to open organization principles, particularly community building. Rifkin also writes about the future of green energy generation and energy use in logistics. This is the second of three articles in this series. In my previous article, I examined the Collaborative Commons. In this article, I look at its impact on energy production and supply. + +Within the next 25 years, Rifkin believes most of our energy for home heating, running appliances, powering businesses, driving vehicles, and operating the whole economy will be nearly free with on-site power solar, wind and geothermal energy generation. This is starting already, through both individual and micropower plants. The payback is around two to eight years. + +What would be the best organizational structure to manage nearly free green energy? Furthermore, through an intelligent communication and energy system, an organization could generate business anywhere in the world, and share energy across a continental energy internet. On top of that, it could produce and sell goods at a fraction charged by global manufacturing giants. + +### The Internet of Things is on the way + +According to Rifkin, the Internet of Things (IoT) will connect every machine, business, residence, and vehicle in an intelligent network that consists of not just a communications internet like now, but in the future an energy internet, and a logistics internet. They will all be embedded in a single operating system. Energy use will be completely monitored. Rifkin believes that within 10 years, many smart energy meters will be in use (by 2025). All this investment will reduce at least 10% of the waste in the current industrial system. + +All this will be possible with the reduction of costs of sensors and actuators embedded in devices. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) chip prices have fallen by 40% in around 2012-2013. Micro-electromechanical system (MEMS), including gyroscopes, accelerometers, and pressure sensors, have also dropped by 80-90% in price over the past five years (up to 2015 when this book was published). + +This will increase device connections, to as many as 1,000 connections on one person's devices, appliances, and facilities. This connection is what young people love, total inclusion in a global virtual public square to share everything. They thrive on transparency, collaboration, and inclusivity with care taken to an appropriate level of privacy. So, you can see, the time is right for the growth of a Collaborative Commons in society. + +### Exponential curve + +Question: Would you accept US $1,000,000 today or US $1.00 that doubled every day for 30 days? (In 30 days it will be US $536,870,912. That is 500 times more). In 31 days, over one billion. Exponential growth is deceptively fast. That is how fast costs are coming down according to Rifkin. This will turn the entire fossil fuel industry investments into stranded assets. We should be planning for the Collaborative Commons using all open organization principles now, as the situation will be ideal for them very soon. + +### Next, a free energy internet + +At this point in time there is free information for learning if you look for it. The next step is free energy (solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, hydro). After initial investments (research, development, deployment), Rifkin forecasts that unit costs will rapidly come down. The information internet and near zero-cost renewables will merge into the energy internet, powering homes, offices, and factories. Ideally, there will be energy that's loaded into buildings and partially stored in the form of hydrogen, distributed over a green-electricity internet, and connected to plug-in, zero-emission transportation. The development of renewable energy establishes a five pillar mechanism that will allow billions of people to share energy at near zero marginal cost in the IoT world + +### Solar energy + +If you start collecting energy from the sun, facilities only need to obtain 00.1% of the sun's energy that reaches the Earth. That would provide six times the energy we now use globally. + +[SunPower Corporation][3] is one company doing that. It supports making homes energy producers. The price of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells tends to drop by 20% for every doubling of industry capacity. Solar panels are increasing, and their ability to capture more energy per panel is increasing. Expect to see the development of thinner solar panels, and paper thin solar sheets. Eventually there will be solar energy paint and solar energy windows in the future. + +When too much energy is generated, it must be sold elsewhere or stored in batteries or used to produce hydrogen. This technology is coming to the market and will dominate it very soon. With these technologies alone, electricity is on the way to have zero marginal cost. + +### Wind power generation + +Wind power has been growing exponentially since the 1990s, and is now nearing fossil fuel and nuclear power generation levels (as of 2015). With the lowering costs of windmill production, installation, and maintenance, wind power is doubling every 2-½ years. With the increase of solar and wind energy sources, governments do not need to subsidize them with tariffs any longer. + +[Energy Watch Group][4] is tracking this. According to Rifkin geothermal energy, biomass, and wave and tidal power will likely reach their own exponential takeoff stage within the next decade. He believes that all this will happen in the first half of the twenty-first century. If this capacity doubles eight more times, by 2028, 80% of all energy generation will be from these renewables. + +### The collaborative age will soon be here + +With all the above developments, society's working and living environment are changing. According to the [collaborative age][5]: "This means ensuring that people can collaborate on tasks without friction. That humans and machines work seamlessly together. And automation — machine to machine collaboration — will be crucial. Those businesses that get these elements right will be able to boost employee satisfaction and attract the best talent. They will reduce costs by automating mundane tasks and by requiring a smaller office footprint. The social impact-focused organizations that [Laura Hilliger][6] and [Heather Leson][7] write about how to take advantage of this new age. + +### Making the transition + +It sounds good, but how do businesses transition from the information age to the collaboration age? One area will be in decentralized production through 3D printing technology ([additive manufacturing][8], not cutting away and creating waste). + +Instead of shipping goods, in the future, software will be shipped for many items to be manufactured locally, avoiding all shipping costs and making manufacturing become on-site near where the market need is. Locally, newly developed molten plastics, molten metal, or other feedstock inside a printer will be used for fabrication. This will give one 3D printer the ability to produce tens of thousands of products (like jewelry, airplane parts, and human prostheses). + +### Centralized manufacturing vs local production which Rifkin projects will come + +Rifkin believes lower marketing costs are possible by using the IoT economy and using global internet marketing sites at almost zero marginal cost. + +1. There is little human involvement in the local 3D process (giving the name "infofacture" rather than manufacture. They ship the information required for local manufacturing, like downloading music today. It is just code that you receive. +2. The code for 3D printing is open source, so people can learn and improve designs, becoming further prosumers in a wide range of items (no intellectual-property protection barriers). This will lead to exponential growth over the next several decades, offering more complicated products at lower prices and near zero marginal cost. +3. There is great waste with subtraction processes (current manufacturing processes) producing great waste with each process. (1/10 the materials required. This material could be developed from subatomic particles that are available anywhere in the local environment, like recycled glass, fabrics, ceramics, and stainless steel. Composite-fiber concrete could be extruded form-free and be strong enough for building construction walls [probably available in two decades].) +4. 3D printing processes have fewer moving parts and less spare parts. Therefore, expensive retooling and changeover delays will be less extensive. +5. Materials will be more durable, recyclable, and less polluting. +6. Local distributed production, through IoT, will spread globally at an exponential rate with little shipping cost and less use of energy. + +Rifkin cites Etsy as an example of this model. You can find things you are interested in, and have them produced locally using their network. They sell the code, and you can have it supplied in your area. + +Rifkin feels that in the future, small and medium sized 3D businesses, infofacturing more sophisticated products, will likely cluster in local technology parks to establish an optimum lateral scale (another form of community development). Here are current examples: + +1. [RepRap][9]: This is a manufacturing machine that can produce itself and all its parts. +2. [Thingiverse][10] The largest 3D printing community. They share under the General Public Licenses (GPL) and Creative Commons Licenses. +3. Fab Lab: Open source peer-to-peer learning in manufacturing. It is being provided to local, distant communities in developing countries. +4. 3D Printed automobiles ([Urbee vehicle][11]) is already being tested. +5. [KOR EcoLogic][12] has an urban electric vehicle. + +### The makers' movement principles + +Here are the principles that these ecosystems follow: + +1. They use open source shared software. +2. They promote a collaborative learning culture. +3. They believe that it will build a self-sufficient community. +4. They are committed to sustainable production practices. + +### The future of work and collaborative commons + +When technology replaces workers, capital investments replace labor investments. In 2007, companies used 6 times more computers and software than 20 years before, doubling the amount of capital used per hour of employee work. The robot workforce is on the rise. China, India, Mexico, and other emerging nations are learning that the cheapest workers in the world are not as cheap, efficient, or productive as the information technology, robotics, and artificial intelligence that replaces them. + +Going back to Rifkin, the first industrial revolution ended slave and serf labor. The second industrial revolution will dramatically shrink agricultural and craft labor. Rifkin believes the third industrial revolution will be a decline in mass wage labor in the manufacturing, service industries, and salaried professional labor in large parts of the knowledge sector. + +Rifkin believes that an abundance, zero marginal cost economy, will change our notion of economic processes. He thinks the old paradigm of owners and workers, sellers and consumers will break down. Consumers will start producing for themselves (and a few others), eliminating their distinction. Prosumers will increasingly be able to produce, consume, and share their own goods and services with one another on the Collaborative Commons at diminishing marginal costs approaching zero, bringing to the fore new ways of organizing economic life beyond the traditional capitalist market mode. + +Rifkin forecasts that in the future, greater importance will be placed on the Collaborative Commons and be as important as hard work was in the market economy (one's ability to cooperate and collaborate as opposed to just working hard). The amassing of social capital will become as valued as the accumulation of market capital. Attachment to community and the search for transcendence and meaning comes to define the measure of one's material wealth. All the [open organization principles][13] we write about will be exponentially more important in the future. + +The IoT will free human beings from the capitalist market economy to pursue nonmaterial shared interests on the collaborative commons. Many — but not all — of our basic material needs will be met for nearly free in a near zero marginal cost society. It will be abundance over scarcity. + +### Prosumer and the entry of the smart economy + +Rifkin writes that as capitalist economies step aside in some global commodities, in the collaborative commons, sellers and buyers will give way to prosumers, property rights will make room for open source sharing, ownership will be less important than access, markets will be superseded by networks, and the marginal cost of supplying information, generating energy, manufacturing products, and teaching students will become nearly zero. + +### Internet of energy is on the way + +Financing of the IoT will not come from wealthy capitalists and corporate shareholders, but from hundreds of millions of consumers and taxpayers. No one owns the internet. It is only in operation because a set of agreed-upon protocols were established that allows computer networks to communicate with each other. It is a virtual public square for all who pay for a connection to use it. Next comes distributed renewable energies that will be distributed in the same way. Supported by feed-in tariffs and other fund-raising methods, governments will pay for the initial research, but after that fixed investment, the public will be able to connect and use it freely. Once underway, governmental centralized operations will move to distributed ownership. The [Electric Power Research Institute][14] (EPRI), is studying how to build a national energy internet over the next 20 years. + +This is not just supplying electricity. Every device in every building will be equipped with sensors and software that connect to the IoT, feeding real-time information on electricity use to both the on-site prosumer and the rest of the network. The entire network will know how much electricity is being used by every appliance at any moment — thermostats, washing machines, dishwashers, televisions, hair dryers, toasters, ovens, and refrigerators. + +This is not happening in the future, but now. It is not just being considered but being done now. [Intwine Energy][15] can supply the above process now. The issue is getting it into the greater global population. A group of young [social entrepreneurs][16] are now using social media to mobilize their peers to create, operate and use the energy internet. + +### A new world of abundance beyond our needs + +Rifkin thinks society has to start envisioning an entire different living environment. Imagine a world in which you can just give away things you once had to pay for, or had to sell at a profit. No one charges us for each internet connected phone call. He believes these give-away goods need not be covered by governments, like telecommunication, roads, bridges, public schools or hospitals. They need not be considered totally private property to be sold and bought, either. These goods have to be supplied in communities with rules, responsibilities and joint benefits (information, energy, local production, and online education). Not governed by the markets or governments, but by networked commons because of the [tragedy of the commons][17]. It governs and enforces distributed, peer-to-peer, laterally scaled economic activities. + +Rifkin feels the Collaborative Commons as a governing body is extremely important. This is where local (project) leadership comes in. The goals, processes, tasks and responsibilities must be successfully executed, after they have been decided and agreed on. Furthermore, "social capital" is a major factor. It must be widely introduced and deepened in quality. Community exchange, interaction and contribution is far more important than selling to distant capital markets. If that is the case, our [open organization leadership][18] will be extremely important. + +### The public square versus private ownership + +"The public square at — least before the Internet, is where we communicate, socialize, revel in each other's company, establish communal bonds, and create social capital and trust. These are all indispensable elements for a nurturing community." Historically, Japanese villages were built like that to survive natural, economic and political disasters like earthquakes and typhoons. They put common interests over self-interests This is what the open organization principle of community is all about. + +The right to be included, to have access to one another, which is the right to participate together, is a fundamental right of all. Private property, the right to enclose, own, and exclude is merely a qualified deviation from the norm. For some reason, having massive private property rights have gained in importance in more recent modern times. This will all be reversed in the years ahead according to Rifkin. + +Rifkin writes that the world will move to these commons: + +1. Public square commons +2. Land commons +3. Virtual commons +4. Knowledge commons (languages, cultures, human knowledge and wisdom) +5. Energy Commons +6. Electromagnetic spectrum commons +7. Ocean commons +8. Fresh water commons +9. Atmosphere commons +10. Biosphere commons. + +The past 200 years of capitalism, the enclosed, privatized, and commodification of the market must be put under review. How would they be most effective in a transparent, non-hierarchical and collaborative culture? It comes down to two views, the capitalist (I own it. It is mine, and you can't use it) and the collaborationist (This is for everyone to use, and there are rules and guidelines to use it, so everyone can get their fair share). Today's cooperatives are good at this, like the [International Co-operative Alliance (ICA)][19]. Cooperatives have to generate motivation for the greater community good, and that motivation must be greater than any profit motive. That is their challenge but this not new, as one in seven people on the earth are in some kind of cooperative now. + +As I've presented in this article, the IoT will become our working and living environment. Also, energy costs are projected to go to near zero. With those changes, community collaboration and cooperation will become ever more important over hard work. In the last part of this series I will look at Collaborative Commons in logistics and other economic activity. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/open-organization/22/5/near-zero-marginal-cost-societies-and-impact-why-we-work + +作者：[Ron McFarland][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ron-mcfarland +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/BUSINESS_networks.png +[2]: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18594514-the-zero-marginal-cost-society +[3]: https://us.sunpower.com +[4]: https://www.energywatchgroup.org +[5]: https://www.forbes.com/sites/ricoheurope/2020/02/06/moving-from-the-information-age-to-the-collaboration-age +[6]: http://www.zythepsary.com/author/admin +[7]: https://ch.linkedin.com/in/heatherleson +[8]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing +[9]: https://reprap.org/wiki/RepRap +[10]: https://www.thingiverse.com +[11]: https://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/a9645/urbee-2-the-3d-prinhttps://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/a9645/urbee-2-the-3d-printed-car-that-will-drive-across-the-country-16119485 +[12]: https://phys.org/news/2013-02-kor-ecologic-urbee-car-d.html +[13]: https://theopenorganization.org/definition/open-organization-definition/ +[14]: https://www.epri.com +[15]: https://www.intwineconnect.com +[16]: https://www.cleanweb.co +[17]: https://blogs.pugetsound.edu/econ/2018/03/09/comedy-of-the-commons +[18]: https://github.com/open-organization/open-org-leaders-manual/raw/master/second-edition/open_org_leaders_manual_2_3.pdf +[19]: https://www.ica.coop/en From 96b628d42cba0ae2b12baa640ded79b9c57fcac2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ZZJ Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 19:40:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 091/333] translating --- ...405 How different programming languages do the same thing.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210405 How different programming languages do the same thing.md b/sources/tech/20210405 How different programming languages do the same thing.md index 55636213be..01085f7526 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210405 How different programming languages do the same thing.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210405 How different programming languages do the same thing.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/compare-programming-languages) [#]: author: (Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall) [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (VeryZZJ) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) From d88db4895908bd1a0eb8f144d052862368e23a87 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 21:45:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 092/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220519=20How=20To=20Enable=20Activate=20Linux=20Wate?= =?UTF-8?q?rmark=20Notification=20In=20Linux=20Desktop.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md | 141 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 141 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md b/sources/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..881e39da59 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +[#]: subject: "How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/activate-linux/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop +====== +The "Activate Windows" Watermark is ported to Linux. + +In an attempt to stop piracy of Windows OS, the Microsoft developer team has come up with an idea to place a watermark in the corner until the users legally purchase a license and activate the Windows OS. + +If you're running a pirated Windows copy in your system, you should have noticed the "Activate Windows" watermark notification in the lower bottom corner as shown in the below screenshot. + +![Activate Windows Notification][1] + +Fortunately, the Linux users will never get such notifications. Because GNU/Linux is an entirely free, open source operating system, released under the GNU General Public License (GPL). + +Anyone can run, study, modify, and redistribute the Linux source code, or even sell copies of their modified code, as long as they do so under the same license. + +Since Linux is open source, there is nothing you can do with Linux really, that you can't do with proprietary operating systems. + +There are a whole of things you can do in Linux. Be it a fun project or an enterprise-grade application, you can build and run *almost* anything under Linux. Even it is possible to add the "Activate Linux" watermark as well. + +### What Is Activate Linux? + +A few days ago I came across a fun project called "Activate Linux". It is very similar to "Activate Windows" notification that you see in a non-licensed Windows OS. + +The developer of Activate Linux has recreated the "Activate Windows" notification watermark for Linux with with Xlib and cairo in C. + +This will show a watermark on your Linux desktop and notify you to go to settings to activate your Linux distribution! Cool, yeah? + +### Enable Activate Linux Watermark + +The activate-linux project became very popular in a short period of time. It has already been packaged for popular Linux distributions such as Arch Linux, openSUSE and Ubuntu within a few days. + +#### Arch Linux + +Activate-linux is available in **[AUR][2]**. So you can install activate-linux app in Arch Linux and its variants EndeavourOS and Manjaro Linux using **[Paru][3]** or **[Yay][4]**. + +``` +$ paru -S activate-linux +``` + +Or, + +``` +$ yay -S activate-linux +``` + +#### openSUSE + +Activate-linux is available in **[OBS][5]**. + +If you use openSUSE Tumbleweed edition, run the following commands one by one to install activate-linux: + +``` +$ sudo zypper addrepo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:WoMspace/openSUSE_Tumbleweed/home:WoMspace.repo +``` + +``` +$ sudo zypper refresh +``` + +``` +$ sudo zypper install activate-linux +``` + +For openSUSE Factory ARM, run the following: + +``` +$ sudo zypper addrepo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:WoMspace/openSUSE_Factory_ARM/home:WoMspace.repo +``` + +``` +$ sudo zypper refresh +``` + +``` +$ sudo zypper install activate-linux +``` + +#### Ubuntu + +Activate-linux has a PPA for Ubuntu and its derivatives like Pop!_OS. + +``` +$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:edd/misc +``` + +``` +$ sudo apt update +``` + +``` +$ sudo apt install activate-linux +``` + +Once installed, simply run it from the Terminal using command: + +``` +$ activate-linux +``` + +You will now see the "Activate Linux" watermark notification in the corner of the desktop just like in a non-licensed Windows copy. + +![Activate Linux Watermark In Desktop][6] + +Don't be alarmed! It is harmless. To get rid of this notification, go back to the terminal and kill the activate-linux command by pressing **CTRL+C**. + +I tested this on Ubuntu 22.04 GNOME edition. It works out of the box in Wayland. + +Activate Linux is a one of the pretty funny as well as useless project ever I have come across in a while. I guess it is going to make every Windows switcher feel so much more comfortable!! + +### Resource + +* [Activate Linux GitHub Repository][7] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/activate-linux/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Activate-Windows-Notification.png +[2]: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/activate-linux-git +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-install-paru-aur-helper-in-arch-linux/ +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/yay-found-yet-another-reliable-aur-helper/ +[5]: https://software.opensuse.org//download.html?project=home%3AWoMspace&package=activate-linux +[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Activate-Linux.png +[7]: https://github.com/MrGlockenspiel/activate-linux From 93e66e2d4e61b7ba906ce369d7c630a55cb0b799 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 21:47:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 093/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220519=20How=20To=20Enable=20Activate=20Linux=20Wate?= =?UTF-8?q?rmark=20Notification=20In=20Linux=20Desktop.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...le Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md b/sources/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md index 881e39da59..dda8f8f5de 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/activate-linux/" [#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "lkxed" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From b9ee32914e6f0f0d3eb30f9e065be24d0ea076f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 19 May 2022 22:28:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 094/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220519=20How=20To=20Enable=20Activate=20Linux=20Wate?= =?UTF-8?q?rmark=20Notification=20In=20Linux=20Desktop.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md | 141 ----------------- ...Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md | 142 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 142 insertions(+), 141 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md b/sources/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md deleted file mode 100644 index dda8f8f5de..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,141 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop" -[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/activate-linux/" -[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop -====== -The "Activate Windows" Watermark is ported to Linux. - -In an attempt to stop piracy of Windows OS, the Microsoft developer team has come up with an idea to place a watermark in the corner until the users legally purchase a license and activate the Windows OS. - -If you're running a pirated Windows copy in your system, you should have noticed the "Activate Windows" watermark notification in the lower bottom corner as shown in the below screenshot. - -![Activate Windows Notification][1] - -Fortunately, the Linux users will never get such notifications. Because GNU/Linux is an entirely free, open source operating system, released under the GNU General Public License (GPL). - -Anyone can run, study, modify, and redistribute the Linux source code, or even sell copies of their modified code, as long as they do so under the same license. - -Since Linux is open source, there is nothing you can do with Linux really, that you can't do with proprietary operating systems. - -There are a whole of things you can do in Linux. Be it a fun project or an enterprise-grade application, you can build and run *almost* anything under Linux. Even it is possible to add the "Activate Linux" watermark as well. - -### What Is Activate Linux? - -A few days ago I came across a fun project called "Activate Linux". It is very similar to "Activate Windows" notification that you see in a non-licensed Windows OS. - -The developer of Activate Linux has recreated the "Activate Windows" notification watermark for Linux with with Xlib and cairo in C. - -This will show a watermark on your Linux desktop and notify you to go to settings to activate your Linux distribution! Cool, yeah? - -### Enable Activate Linux Watermark - -The activate-linux project became very popular in a short period of time. It has already been packaged for popular Linux distributions such as Arch Linux, openSUSE and Ubuntu within a few days. - -#### Arch Linux - -Activate-linux is available in **[AUR][2]**. So you can install activate-linux app in Arch Linux and its variants EndeavourOS and Manjaro Linux using **[Paru][3]** or **[Yay][4]**. - -``` -$ paru -S activate-linux -``` - -Or, - -``` -$ yay -S activate-linux -``` - -#### openSUSE - -Activate-linux is available in **[OBS][5]**. - -If you use openSUSE Tumbleweed edition, run the following commands one by one to install activate-linux: - -``` -$ sudo zypper addrepo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:WoMspace/openSUSE_Tumbleweed/home:WoMspace.repo -``` - -``` -$ sudo zypper refresh -``` - -``` -$ sudo zypper install activate-linux -``` - -For openSUSE Factory ARM, run the following: - -``` -$ sudo zypper addrepo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:WoMspace/openSUSE_Factory_ARM/home:WoMspace.repo -``` - -``` -$ sudo zypper refresh -``` - -``` -$ sudo zypper install activate-linux -``` - -#### Ubuntu - -Activate-linux has a PPA for Ubuntu and its derivatives like Pop!_OS. - -``` -$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:edd/misc -``` - -``` -$ sudo apt update -``` - -``` -$ sudo apt install activate-linux -``` - -Once installed, simply run it from the Terminal using command: - -``` -$ activate-linux -``` - -You will now see the "Activate Linux" watermark notification in the corner of the desktop just like in a non-licensed Windows copy. - -![Activate Linux Watermark In Desktop][6] - -Don't be alarmed! It is harmless. To get rid of this notification, go back to the terminal and kill the activate-linux command by pressing **CTRL+C**. - -I tested this on Ubuntu 22.04 GNOME edition. It works out of the box in Wayland. - -Activate Linux is a one of the pretty funny as well as useless project ever I have come across in a while. I guess it is going to make every Windows switcher feel so much more comfortable!! - -### Resource - -* [Activate Linux GitHub Repository][7] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://ostechnix.com/activate-linux/ - -作者：[sk][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Activate-Windows-Notification.png -[2]: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/activate-linux-git -[3]: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-install-paru-aur-helper-in-arch-linux/ -[4]: https://ostechnix.com/yay-found-yet-another-reliable-aur-helper/ -[5]: https://software.opensuse.org//download.html?project=home%3AWoMspace&package=activate-linux -[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Activate-Linux.png -[7]: https://github.com/MrGlockenspiel/activate-linux diff --git a/translated/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md b/translated/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b7cc7baa1d --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +[#]: subject: "How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/activate-linux/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +如何在 Linux 桌面中启用 “激活 Linux” 水印通知 +====== +“激活 Windows” 水印已移植到 Linux。 + +为了阻止 Windows 操作系统的盗版行为，微软开发团队想出了一个办法：在 Windows 的角落放置一个激活水印，直到用户合法购买许可证并激活它。 + +如果你的电脑正在运行盗版的 Windows 副本，你应该已经注意到右下角的 “激活 Windows” 水印通知，如下图所示。 + +![“激活 Windows” 通知][1] + +幸运的是，Linux 用户永远不会收到这样的通知。因为 GNU/Linux 是一个完全免费的开源操作系统，在 GNU 通用公共许可证 (GPL) 下发布。 + +任何人都可以运行、研究、修改和重新分发 Linux 源代码，甚至可以出售修改后的代码的副本，只要使用相同的许可即可。 + +（to 老王：我感觉这句话很奇怪……） +Linux 是开源的，所以你真的可以用 Linux 做任何事情，而你不能用专有操作系统做任何事情。 + +你可以在 Linux 中做很多事情。你可以在 Linux 下构建和运行*几乎*任何东西，无论是有趣的项目还是企业级应用程序。甚至，你还可以添加 “激活 Linux” 水印。 + +### “激活 Linux” 是什么？ + +几天前，我注意到了一个叫做 “激活 Linux” 的有趣项目。它和你在未经许可的 Windows 操作系统中看到的 “激活 Windows” 通知非常相似。 + +“激活 Linux” 的开发者使用 C 语言中的 Xlib 和 cairo，重新创建了 Linux 版的 “激活 Windows” 通知水印。 + +它会在你的 Linux 桌面上显示一个水印，并通知你进入设置以激活你的 Linux 发行版！这很酷，不是吗？ + +### 启用 “激活 Linux” 水印 + +activate-linux 项目在短时间内变得非常流行。几天之内，它已经为许多流行的 Linux 发行版而打了包，例如 Arch Linux、openSUSE 和 Ubuntu。 + +#### Arch Linux + +[AUR][2] 已经收录 Activate-linux。因此，你可以使用 [Paru][3] 或 [Yay][4] 在 Arch Linux 及其衍生版 EndeavourOS 和 Manjaro Linux 中安装 activate-linux 应用程序。 + +``` +$ paru -S activate-linux +``` + +或者 + +``` +$ yay -S activate-linux +``` + +#### openSUSE + +[OBS][5] 收录了 Activate-linux。 + +如果你正在使用 openSUSE Tumbleweed 版本，请逐条运行下面的命令来安装 activate-linux： + +``` +$ sudo zypper addrepo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:WoMspace/openSUSE_Tumbleweed/home:WoMspace.repo +``` + +``` +$ sudo zypper refresh +``` + +``` +$ sudo zypper install activate-linux +``` + +For openSUSE Factory ARM, run the following: + +``` +$ sudo zypper addrepo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:WoMspace/openSUSE_Factory_ARM/home:WoMspace.repo +``` + +``` +$ sudo zypper refresh +``` + +``` +$ sudo zypper install activate-linux +``` + +#### Ubuntu + +Activate-linux 有一个适用于 Ubuntu 及其衍生版（如 Pop!_OS）的 PPA。 + +``` +$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:edd/misc +``` + +``` +$ sudo apt update +``` + +``` +$ sudo apt install activate-linux +``` + +安装完成后，只需在终端执行下面的命令，就可以让它运行起来： + +``` +$ activate-linux +``` + +现在，你将在桌面的角落看到 “激活 Linux” 水印通知，就像在未授权的 Windows 副本中一样。 + +![桌面上的 “激活 Linux” 水印][6] + +别紧张！它是无害的。若想取消显示，你可以返回终端并按 **CTRL+C** 终止 activate-linux 命令。 + +我在 Ubuntu 22.04 GNOME 版本上测试了一下。它在 Wayland 中开箱即用。 + +“激活 Linux” 是我这一段时间以来遇到的一个非常有趣又无用的项目。我想这会让每个刚从 Windows 切换过来的 Linux 用户，拥有更加舒适的体验吧！ + +### 相关资源 + +* [“激活 Linux” 的 GitHub 存储库][7] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/activate-linux/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Activate-Windows-Notification.png +[2]: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/activate-linux-git +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-install-paru-aur-helper-in-arch-linux/ +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/yay-found-yet-another-reliable-aur-helper/ +[5]: https://software.opensuse.org//download.html?project=home%3AWoMspace&package=activate-linux +[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Activate-Linux.png +[7]: https://github.com/MrGlockenspiel/activate-linux From 7193d4ff87e3185a62801ab888f5ba981d2bae6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 00:24:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 095/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220519=20For=20the=20Love=20of=20Ubuntu-=20Here=20ar?= =?UTF-8?q?e=20the=20Mascots=20of=20All=20Ubuntu=20Releases.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... are the Mascots of All Ubuntu Releases.md | 461 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 461 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220519 For the Love of Ubuntu- Here are the Mascots of All Ubuntu Releases.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220519 For the Love of Ubuntu- Here are the Mascots of All Ubuntu Releases.md b/sources/tech/20220519 For the Love of Ubuntu- Here are the Mascots of All Ubuntu Releases.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..096deb298b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220519 For the Love of Ubuntu- Here are the Mascots of All Ubuntu Releases.md @@ -0,0 +1,461 @@ +[#]: subject: "For the Love of Ubuntu: Here are the Mascots of All Ubuntu Releases" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/all-Ubuntu-mascots/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +For the Love of Ubuntu: Here are the Mascots of All Ubuntu Releases +====== +This is a collection of the mascots of all the Ubuntu releases so far. + +You may have noticed that every Ubuntu release has a version name and codename. The codename is composed of two words that start with the same letter. The first word is an adjective, and the other one is (usually) an (endangered) species. + +These releases also have a mascot for those codenames. Ubuntu 22.04 is codenamed Jammy Jellyfish and hence the Jellyfish mascot on its wallpaper. + +These ‘mascots’ were not always part of Ubuntu releases. The codenames were always there, but not the mascots. + +The first-ever Ubuntu release was version 4.10 in October 2004. But it wasn’t until the Ubuntu 8.04 LTS ‘Hardy Heron’ release that you saw the associated mascot. + +Earlier, I complied the [list of the default wallpapers of all Ubuntu releases][1]. In this one, you get to look at the mascots of those releases. + +Let’s hop on to Ubuntu’s mascot journey in reverse chronological order. + +### Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish + +![Ubuntu 22.04 mascot][2] + +Released on 21 April 2021. + +Jammy means covered with, filled with, or resembling jam. Informally, it also means lucky. + +Jellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella-shaped bells and trailing tentacles, although a few are anchored to the seabed by stalks rather than being mobile. + +### Ubuntu 21.10 Impish Indri + +![Ubuntu 21.10 mascot][3] + +Released on 14 October 2021. + +Impish means showing no respect for somebody/something in a way that is amusing rather than serious. + +The Indri, also called the babakoto, is one of the largest living lemurs, with a head-and-body length of about 64–72 cm and a weight of between 6 and 9.5 kg. It has a black and white coat and maintains an upright posture when climbing or clinging + +### Ubuntu 21.04 Hirsute Hippo + +![Ubuntu 21.04 mascot][4] + +Released on 22 April 2021. + +Hirsute means hairy. + +The hippopotamus, also called the hippo, common hippopotamus, or river hippopotamus, is a large semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being the pygmy hippopotamus. Its name comes from the ancient Greek for “river horse”. + +Not sure if I have seen many hairy hippo. + +### Ubuntu 20.10 Groovy Gorilla + +![Ubuntu 20.10 mascot][5] + +Released on 22 October 2020. + +Groovy means fashionable and exciting. + +Gorillas are herbivorous, predominantly ground-dwelling great apes that inhabit the tropical forests of equatorial Africa. The genus Gorilla is divided into two species: the eastern gorilla and the western gorilla, and either four or five subspecies. + +### Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa + +![Ubuntu 20.04 mascot 1][6] + +Released on 23 April 2020. + +Focal means something providing a focus, important in other meaning. + +The fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) is **the largest carnivorous mammal on the island of Madagascar**. They can reach nearly six feet in length, with half of that due to their long tails. They look like a cross between a cat, a dog, and a mongoose. Fossas have slender bodies, muscular limbs, and short, reddish-brown coats. + +### Ubuntu 19.10 Eoan Ermine + +![Ubuntu 19.10 mascot][7] + +Released on 17 October 2019. + +Eoan means relating to dawn or east. + +The stoat or short-tailed weasel, also known as the Eurasian ermine, Beringian ermine, or simply ermine, is a mustelid native to Eurasia and the northern portions of North America. Because of its wide circumpolar distribution, it is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. + +### Ubuntu 19.04 Disco Dingo + +![Ubuntu 19.04 mascot][8] + +Released on 18 April 2019. + +Disco relates to the disco music and nightclubs. + +The dingo is an ancient lineage of dog found in Australia. Its taxonomic classification is debated as indicated by the variety of scientific names presently applied in different publications. + +### Ubuntu 18.10 Cosmic Cuttlefish + +![Ubuntu 18.10 mascot][9] + +Released on 18 October 2018. + +Cosmic means something distinct from the earth, + +Cuttlefish or cuttles are marine molluscs of the order Sepiida. They belong to the class Cephalopoda, which also includes squid, octopuses, and nautiluses. Cuttlefish have a unique internal shell, the cuttlebone, which is used for control of buoyancy. + +### Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver + +![Ubuntu 18.04 mascot][10] + +Released on 26 April 2018. + +Bionic means having or denoting an artificial, typically electromechanical, body part or parts. + +Beavers are large, semiaquatic rodents in the genus Castor native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. There are two extant species: the North American beaver and the Eurasian beaver. Beavers are the second-largest living rodents after the capybaras. + +The British users found this release name particularly amusing. + +### Ubuntu 17.10 Artful Aardvark + +![Ubuntu 17.10 mascot][11] + +Released on 19 October 2017. + +Ubuntu switched back to GNOME by default with this release. + +Artful means cleaver or carfty. + +The aardvark is a medium-sized, burrowing, nocturnal mammal native to Africa. It is the only living species of the order Tubulidentata, although other prehistoric species and genera of Tubulidentata are known. Unlike most other insectivores, it has a long pig-like snout, which is used to sniff out food. + +### Ubuntu 17.04 Zesty Zapus + +![Ubuntu 17.04 mascot][12] + +Released on 13 April 2017. + +Last release to feature the Unity desktop. + +Zesty means having a strong, pleasant, and somewhat spicy flavor. + +Zapus is a genus of North American jumping mouse. It is the only genus whose members have the dental formula. Zapus are the only extant mammals aside from the Aye-aye with a total of 18 teeth. + +### Ubuntu 16.10 Yakkety Yak + +![Ubuntu 16.10 mascot][13] + +Released on 13 October 2016. + +‘Yakkety’ could mean a lot of things. While ‘yakking’ is an informal term for talking a lot, ‘yakkety’ could be an alternative spelling of ‘Yakety’ Sax — a well known pop-jazz musical instrument, says OMGUbuntu!. + +Yak is a large domesticated wild ox with shaggy hair, humped shoulders, and large horns, used in Tibet as a pack animal and for its milk, meat, and hide. + +### Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Xenial Xerus + +![Ubuntu 16.04 mascot][14] + +Released on 21 April 2016. + +Xenial means something related to hospitality. + +The Xerus has four subspecies – **cape ground squirrel, striped ground squirrel, mountain ground squirrel, and unstriped ground squirrel**. These animals are diurnal and are usually known to be herbivores in nature and usually eat nuts, roots, and seeds. However, sometimes they also eat eggs and other small animals. + +### Ubuntu 15.10 Wily Werewolf + +![Ubuntu 15.10 mascot][15] + +Released on 22 October 2015. + +Perhaps one of the rare Ubuntu releases that had a finctional character in its codename, unless you don’t consider warewolves fictional. + +Wily means skilled at gaining an advantage, especially deceitfully. + +The werewolves are mythical creatures that can hide their ears and tail. It is a human but also a wolf, and most people fear them because of how they look. + +### Ubuntu 15.04 Vivid Vervet + +![Ubuntu 15.04 mascot][16] + +Released on 23 April 2015. + +Vivid means intensely deep or bright.. + +The vervet monkey, or simply vervet, is an Old World monkey of the family Cercopithecidae native to Africa. The term “vervet” is also used to refer to all the members of the genus Chlorocebus. The five distinct subspecies can be found mostly throughout Southern Africa, as well as some of the eastern countries. + +### Ubuntu 14.10 Utopic Unicorn + +![Ubuntu 14.10 mascot][17] + +Released on 23 October 2014. + +Another of the Ubuntu release with fictional animal in its release codename unless you consider Unicrons are real. + +Utopic relates to utopia which is a fictional, impractical but ideal place. + +The **unicorn** is a legendary creature that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a single large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from its forehead. + +### Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Trusty Tahr + +![Ubuntu 14.04 mascot][18] + +Released on 17 April 2014. + +Trusty means reliable or faithful. + +Tahr is a goatlike mammal that inhabits cliffs and mountain slopes in Oman, southern India, and the Himalayas. + +### Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy Salamander + +![Ubuntu 13.10 mascot][19] + +Released on 17 October 2013. + +Saucy means expressing in a bold, lively, or spirited manner. + +Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by their lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults. All ten extant salamander families are grouped together under the order Urodela. + +### Ubuntu 13.04 Raring Ringtail + +![Ubuntu 13.04 mascot][20] + +Released on 25 April 2013. + +Raring means very enthusiastic and eager to do something. + +The Ringtail is **a cat-sized carnivore resembling a small fox with a long raccoonlike tail**. Its bushy tail is flattened and nearly as long as the head and body, with alternating black and white rings. These animals are almost wholly nocturnal and spend the majority of the day sleeping in their dens. + +### Ubuntu 12.10 Quantal Quetzal + +![Ubuntu 12.10 mascot][21] + +Released on 18 October 2012. + +Quantal means relating to a quantum or quanta, or to quantum theory. + +**Quetzals** are strikingly colored birds in the trogon family. They are found in forests, especially in humid highlands, with the five species from the genus *Pharomachrus* being exclusively Neotropical, while a single species, the eared quetzal, *Euptilotis neoxenus*, is found in Mexico and very locally in the southernmost United States. Quetzals are fairly large (all over 32 cm or 13 inches long), slightly bigger than other trogon species. The resplendent quetzal is the national bird of Guatemala because of its vibrant colour. + +### Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin + +![Ubuntu 12.04 mascot][22] + +Released on 26 April 2012. + +Precise means marked by exactness and accuracy of expression or detail. + +Pangolins, sometimes known as scaly anteaters, are mammals of the order Pholidota. The one extant family, the Manidae, has three genera: Manis, Phataginus, and Smutsia. Manis comprises the four species found in Asia, while Phataginus and Smutsia include two species each, all found in sub-Saharan Africa. + +### Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot + +![Ubuntu 11.10 mascot][23] + +Released on 13 October 2011. + +Onerice relates to dreams or dreaming. + +The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is a medium-sized spotted wild cat that reaches 40–50 cm (15.7–19.7 in) at the shoulders and weighs between 8 and 15.5 kg (17.6 and 34.2 lb). It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. + +### Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal + +![Ubuntu 11.04 mascot][24] + +Released on 28 April 2011. + +The first release to feature the Unity desktop. + +Natty means smart and fashionable. + +The narwhal, also known as a narwhale, is a medium-sized toothed whale that possesses a large “tusk” from a protruding canine tooth. It lives year-round in the Arctic waters around Greenland, Canada and Russia. It is one of two living species of whale in the family Monodontidae, along with the beluga whale. + +### Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meerkat + +![Ubuntu 10.10 mascot][25] + +Released on 10 October 2010. + +Maverick means an unorthodox or independent-minded person. + +The meerkat or suricate is a small mongoose found in southern Africa. It is characterised by a broad head, large eyes, a pointed snout, long legs, a thin tapering tail, and a brindled coat pattern. + +### Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Lucid Lynx + +![Ubuntu 10.04 mascot][26] + +Released on 29 April 2010. + +Lucid means easy to understand or bright. + +A lynx is any of the four species within the medium-sized wild cat genus Lynx. The name lynx originated in Middle English via Latin from the Greek word λύγξ, derived from the Indo-European root leuk- in reference to the luminescence of its reflective eyes. + +### Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic Koala + +![Ubuntu 9.10 mascot][27] + +Released on 29 October 2009. + +Karmic means relating to or characteristic of karma. + +The koala or, inaccurately, koala bear is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia. It is the only extant representative of the family Phascolarctidae and its closest living relatives are the wombats. + +### Ubuntu 9.04 Jaunty Jackalope + +![Ubuntu 9.04 mascot][28] + +Released on 23 April 2009. + +The first Ubuntu version I ever used. + +Jaunty means having or expressing a lively, cheerful, and self-confident manner. + +The jackalope is **a mythical animal of North American folklore, in the category of fearsome critters, described as a jackrabbit with antelope horns**. The word jackalope is a portmanteau of jackrabbit and antelope. Many jackalope taxidermy mounts, including the original, are made with deer antlers. + +### Ubuntu 8.10 Intrepid Ibex + +![Ubuntu 8.10 mascot][29] + +Released on 30 October 2008. + +Intrepid means fearless; adventurous. + +An ibex is any of several species of wild goat, distinguished by the male’s large recurved horns, which are transversely ridged in front. Ibex are found in Eurasia, North Africa and East Africa. + +### Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Hardy Heron + +![Ubuntu 8.04 mascot][30] + +Released on 24 April 2008. + +The first Ubuntu release where the mascot appeared on its default wallpaper. + +Hardy means capable of enduring difficult conditions; robust. + +The herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds + +### Ubuntu 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon + +![Ubuntu 7.10 mascot][31] + +Released on 18 October 2007. + +Gusty is characterized by or blowing in gusts. + +Gibbons are apes live in subtropical and tropical rainforest from eastern Bangladesh to Northeast India to southern China and Indonesia + +### Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty Fawn + +![Ubuntu 7.04 mascot][32] + +Released on 19 April 2007. + +Feisty means small but determined. Fawn is a young deer in its first year. + +### Ubuntu 6.10 Edgy Eft  + +![Ubuntu 6.10 mascot][33] + +Released on 26 October 2006. + +Edgy means tense or nervous. + +Eft is the terrestrial juvenile phase of newt. A newt is a type of salamander (a type of lizard). This newt has three distinct developmental life stages: aquatic larva, terrestrial juvenile (eft), and adult. + +So basically eft is a teenaged newt :) + +### Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake + +![Ubuntu 6.06 mascot][34] + +Released on 1 June 2006. + +Dapper means neat and trim in dress and appearance. Drake is a fully sexually mature adult male duck of any duck species. + +### Ubuntu 5.10 Breezy Badger + +![Ubuntu 5.10 mascot][35] + +Released on 12 October 2005. + +Breezy means pleasantly windy. + +Badgers are short-legged omnivores, united by their squat bodies, adapted for fossorial activity. + +### Ubuntu 5.04 Hoary Hedgehog  + +![Ubuntu 5.04 mascot][36] + +Released on 8 April 2005. + +Hoary means greyish white. + +A hedgehogis a spiny mammal found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction. + +### Ubuntu 4.10 : Warty Warthog + +![Ubuntu 4.10 mascot][37] + +Released on 20 October 2004. + +This is where it all started. + +Wart is a small, hard, benign growth on the skin, caused by a virus. Warty means someone full of warts. + +The common warthog is a wild member of the pig family found in grassland, savanna, and woodland in sub-Saharan Africa. + +### Conclusion + +Does this article add value to an Ubuntu user? Not technically, but it’s good to look back at the history. If you have been an Ubuntu user for years, it could trigger nostalgia. + +Ubuntu 9.04 was the first time I tried Linux on a desktop. It was in late September of 2009 if I recall correctly. Only a few weeks later, my system was upgraded to Ubuntu 9.10. I used to spend time browing in Ubuntu Forum thoses days, exploring this new OS and learning new things. + +So, did this article bring back some good old memories? Which was your first Ubuntu version? Share it in the comments. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/all-Ubuntu-mascots/ + +作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/Ubuntu-default-wallpapers-download/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-22-04-mascot.jpg +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-21-10-mascot.jpg +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-21-04-mascot.jpg +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-20-10-mascot.jpg +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-20-04-mascot-1.jpg +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-19-10-mascot.jpg +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-19-04-mascot.jpg +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-18-10-mascot.jpg +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-18-04-mascot.jpg +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-17-10-mascot.jpg +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-17-04-mascot.jpg +[13]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-16-10-mascot.jpg +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-16-04-mascot.jpg +[15]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-15-10-mascot.jpg +[16]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-15-04-mascot.jpg +[17]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-14-10-mascot.jpg +[18]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-14-04-mascot.jpg +[19]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-13-10-mascot.jpg +[20]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-13-04-mascot.jpg +[21]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-12-10-mascot.jpg +[22]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-12-04-mascot.jpg +[23]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-11-10-mascot.jpg +[24]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-11-04-mascot.jpg +[25]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-10-10-mascot.jpg +[26]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-10-04-mascot.jpg +[27]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-9-10-mascot.jpg +[28]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-9-04-mascot.jpg +[29]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-8-10-mascot.jpg +[30]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-8-04-mascot.jpg +[31]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-7-10-mascot.jpg +[32]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-7-04-mascot.jpg +[33]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-6-10-mascot.jpg +[34]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-6-06-mascot.jpg +[35]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-5-10-mascot.jpg +[36]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-5-04-mascot.jpg +[37]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-4-10-mascot.jpg From f96373a507fd78b44fc28b0d24ea26bd5def8a3e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 01:00:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 096/333] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=90=8D=E6=97=A5=E6=9C=9F=20&=20=E6=B8=85=E7=90=86=E5=86=85?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=AE=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Commands for Linux Users -With Examples.md | 126 ++----- ...Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 4].md} | 308 +++++++++-------- ... Ubuntu and Other Linux [2022 Edition].md} | 141 ++++---- ...tallation with Stunning XMonad WM Setup.md | 70 +--- ...Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 5].md} | 325 +++++++++--------- ...Applications (Maui) Everyone Should Try.md | 26 +- ...y GNOME 42 is the Greatest Release Ever.md | 94 +++-- ...stalling Ubuntu 22.04 [With Bonus Tip].md} | 168 ++++----- ...odon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux.md | 101 +++--- ...ion Based on Google Fuchsia [First Look].md} | 82 ++--- ...ora 35 Workstation (GUI and CLI Method).md | 5 +- 11 files changed, 600 insertions(+), 846 deletions(-) rename sources/tech/{20220204 10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience -Part 4.md => 20220204 10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 4].md} (54%) rename sources/tech/{20220217 Top 5 Live Streaming Application for Ubuntu and Other Linux -2022 Edition.md => 20220217 Top 5 Live Streaming Application for Ubuntu and Other Linux [2022 Edition].md} (66%) rename sources/tech/{20220305 10 Awesome Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience -Part 5.md => 20220305 10 Awesome Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 5].md} (58%) rename sources/tech/{20220421 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 -With Bonus Tip.md => 20220421 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 [With Bonus Tip].md} (64%) rename sources/tech/{20220216 dahliaOS - A Unique Linux Distribution Based on Google Fuchsia -First Look.md => 20220502 dahliaOS – A Unique Linux Distribution Based on Google Fuchsia [First Look].md} (74%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220128 Essential DNF Commands for Linux Users -With Examples.md b/sources/tech/20220128 Essential DNF Commands for Linux Users -With Examples.md index 5c96fc9a5a..ec683545ff 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220128 Essential DNF Commands for Linux Users -With Examples.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220128 Essential DNF Commands for Linux Users -With Examples.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "Essential DNF Commands for Linux Users [With Examples]" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/dnf-commands-examples/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ Essential DNF Commands for Linux Users [With Examples] ====== -WE GIVE YOU A QUICK REFERENCE OF ESSENTIAL DNF COMMANDS WITH EXAMPLES IN -THIS GUIDE. -### What is DNF ? +We give you a quick reference of essential dnf commands with examples in this guide. + +### What is DNF? DNF (Dandified Yum) is a package manager used in RPM based Linux systems (RHEL, [Fedora][1], etc.). It is a successor of Yum package manager (Yellowdog Update Modified). The DNF package manager is efficient on performance, memory consumption and dependency resolution issues. @@ -63,259 +63,205 @@ Now, let’s look at the above DNF commands with examples. This might be the rare scenario when DNF is not installed in an applicable Linux system. But if DNF is not installed in your RPM based distribution, you can use Yum to install DNF. ``` - yum install dnf - ``` -#### 1\. Check the version of DNF installed in your systems +#### 1. Check the version of DNF installed in your systems The following command shows the version included in your Linux system. ``` - dnf --version - ``` -#### 2\. Getting the help about DNF +#### 2. Getting the help about DNF You can easily get all the necessary DNF options and command line switches using the help option. ``` - dnf help - ``` For a specific help, say, about installation for example, you can pass the parameter as below to show that piece of help. ``` - dnf help search - ``` -#### 3\. List of Installed and Available Packages +#### 3. List of Installed and Available Packages The dnf list command gives you the list of installed and available packages. A little caution. This command may take some to execute, depending on your system state, and internet connection. Because it fetches the metadata from server. ``` - dnf list - ``` If you want a more specific list, you can use the available or installed switch to filter out the list. See below. ``` - dnf list available - ``` For installed list, use the below command. ``` - dnf list installed - ``` ![dnf installed packages][19] -#### 4\. Repository list using DNF +#### 4. Repository list using DNF There are times you want to see the list of enabled repositories in your Linux systems. With the dnf repolist command, you can achieve that. ``` - dnf repolist - ``` So, this command gives you all the enabled repo. If you want the disabled ones as well, try below command. ``` - dnf repolist all - ``` ![Repo list using DNF][20] -#### 5\. Display specific information about a package +#### 5. Display specific information about a package There are times when you need to find out details about a package. So, you can easily find that out using the below command. ``` - dnf info package_name - ``` ![Information about a specific package using DNF][21] -#### 6\. Search for any package and details about it +#### 6. Search for any package and details about it Use the following search command to find any package and their source. Replace package_name with your own. As you can see in this below example, it highlights the package and their source. It gives you the result in two sections – when name is exactly matched and also in summary/description. ``` - dnf search package_name - ``` ![Search for any package using DNF][22] -#### 7\. Find which package contains a package, value +#### 7. Find which package contains a package, value Sometimes, you require finding out which packages or sources contains a particular executable or package name. Then the dnf provides command helps. For example, you want to find out which sources contain ifconfig, then you can find it out like below example. This is one of the best feature of dnf while researching dependency problems. ``` - dnf provides package_name - ``` ![dnf provides command example][23] -#### 8\. Installing packages using DNF +#### 8. Installing packages using DNF Probably the most used command is dnf install which helps to install an application or package. The command is simple. ``` - dnf install package_name - ``` If you want to install from a specific repo, you can use the –enablerepo switch while issuing this command. ``` - dnf --enablerepo=epel install phpmyadmin - ``` -#### 9\. Installing a package that you downloaded manually +#### 9. Installing a package that you downloaded manually There are times, when you manually downloaded a .rpm package locally. And you want to install. You can install the same using localinstall command with .rpm file full qualified path. ``` - dnf localinstall your_package_name.rpm - ``` [][24] -SEE ALSO:   How to Switch Desktop Environment in Fedora - The above command should resolve all the dependencies while installing a target .rpm package. If not, one can issue the following command. ``` - dnf --nogpgcheck localinstall your_package_name.rpm - ``` Another way to install a local .rpm package is using the dnf install command. ``` - dnf install *.rpm - ``` -#### 10\. Reinstalling a package +#### 10. Reinstalling a package Reinstalling a package is simple using the reinstallation switch of DNF. ``` - dnf reinstall package_name - ``` -#### 11\. Update Check and Updating your system +#### 11. Update Check and Updating your system In an RPM based system (such as Fedora, Red Hat Linux, etc.), update is primarily handled by DNF package manager. The following four commands take care of various update scenarios, as explained below. The check-update option checks for all the update available for your system. This option also takes a package name in its parameter. However, if no package name is specified, then it checks for updates for all installed packages in your system. ``` - dnf check-update - ``` To list out all the updates in your Linux system, use the list option. ``` - dnf list updates - ``` And to install updates for your entire Linux system, issue the update option. ``` - dnf update - ``` You can also update a specific application or package by mentioning the package name as parameter to the update option. ``` - dnf update package_name - ``` -#### 12\. Downgrading a package +#### 12. Downgrading a package If you need to downgrade a package to its prior version, then you can use the downgrade option of DNF. Be very careful while issuing this command. This command erases the current version of a package and install the highest of all the prior lower version available. ``` - dnf downgrade package_name - ``` ![Downgrading a package using DNF][25] -#### 13\. Downgrade or upgrade all packages +#### 13. Downgrade or upgrade all packages The distro-sync command downgrade or upgrade all packages to the latest versions for your system enabled repos. ``` - dnf distro-sync - ``` -#### 14\. Uninstall a package +#### 14. Uninstall a package You can uninstall or remove any application or package using remove option of DNF. ``` - dnf remove application_name - ``` -#### 15\. Group operations using DNF +#### 15. Group operations using DNF One of the great feature of RPM based system is grouping of packages. A group is a collection of packages logically grouped together. It helps to install them all at one go by issuing a single command with group name. The grouplist command gives you the name of available groups. ``` - dnf grouplist - ``` ![DNF grouplist command][26] @@ -323,27 +269,21 @@ The grouplist command gives you the name of available groups. And to install a group with all packages of it, use groupinstall option with the group name. ``` - dnf groupinstall group_name - ``` Remove a group and all the packages using the groupremove option. ``` - dnf groupremove group_name - ``` -#### 16\. Clean up your system using DNF +#### 16. Clean up your system using DNF To remove all the temporary files for enabled repos in your system, use the clean option with all switch. ``` - dnf clean all - ``` If you want to remove a specific temporary file, use the various options as outlined below. @@ -351,61 +291,47 @@ If you want to remove a specific temporary file, use the various options as outl Removes cache files for repo metadata. ``` - dnf clean dbcache - ``` Remove the local cookie files that contains download time signature of the packages for each repo. ``` - dnf clean expire-cache - ``` Removes all the repo metadata. ``` - dnf clean metadata - ``` Removes any cached packages. ``` - dnf clean packages - ``` Over time, a system consumes many applications and packages installed by the user. The following autoremove option removes all the leaf packages that are installed as dependencies for any user installed applications but no longer needed. So, they can be safely removed to recover disk space. ``` - dnf autoremove - ``` ![Clean up your system using DNF][27] -#### 17\. Find out DNF command execution history +#### 17. Find out DNF command execution history If you want a list of all commands that has run using DNF since the beginning of a Linux system, then use the history option. This lists all the commands that issued until now. ``` - dnf history - ``` To view more details about a specific history, use the info option with the ID number, as shown in the above list. This is one of the amazing feature of DNF, where you can exactly find out what happened on that particular DNF command. It contains the start and end time, who ran it, what are the packages installed, updated, etc. ``` - dnf history info id_number - ``` ![DNF history command examples][28] @@ -418,12 +344,6 @@ Let me know whether this helps, or, any command you would like to add in this li _[Official DNF Command reference][29]_ -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][30], [Twitter][31], [YouTube][32], and [Facebook][33] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/dnf-commands-examples/ @@ -466,7 +386,3 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/dnf-commands-examples/ [27]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Clean-up-your-system-using-DNF-1024x216.jpg [28]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/DNF-history-command-examples-1024x711.jpg [29]: https://dnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/command_ref.html -[30]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[31]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[32]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[33]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220204 10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience -Part 4.md b/sources/tech/20220204 10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 4].md similarity index 54% rename from sources/tech/20220204 10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience -Part 4.md rename to sources/tech/20220204 10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 4].md index 1bfd8a058e..0a6793baaa 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220204 10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience -Part 4.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220204 10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 4].md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 4]" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/best-gnome-apps-part-4/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,32 +9,29 @@ 10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 4] ====== -WE GIVE YOU THE NEXT SET OF 10 GNOME APPS THAT WILL SUPERCHARGE YOUR -PRODUCTIVITY WHILE USING GNOME DESKTOP. +We give you the next set of 10 GNOME Apps that will supercharge your productivity while using GNOME Desktop. + At debugpoint.com, we highlight some unknown but useful GNOME apps over a five-part article series. The primary purpose of the series is to give these excellent little apps much-needed visibility via our readers. This helps the developer and the end-users due to increased usage of these necessary GNOME Apps and much-deserved attention. This post is Part 4 of the series. In this article, we will highlight ten necessary GNOME Apps. If you missed the last parts, you could read the other parts of this series via the below links. - * [Part 1][1] - * [Part 2][2] - * [Part 3][3] - - +* [Part 1][1] +* [Part 2][2] +* [Part 3][3] +* [Part 5][4] In this article, we covered the following list of great GNOME Apps. - * [Secrets – Password Manager][4] - * [Font Downloader][5] - * [Gaphor – UML Modeling Utility][6] - * [Hashbrown – Check Hash of your files][7] - * [Identity – Compare images and videos][8] - * [Khronos – Time Logging][9] - * [Markets – Watch Stock Markets][10] - * [Obfuscate – Redact Images][11] - * [Plots – Simple Graph Plotting][12] - * [squeekboard – On-screen keyboard for wayland][13] - - +* Secrets – Password Manager +* Font Downloader +* Gaphor – UML Modeling Utility +* Hashbrown – Check Hash of your files +* Identity – Compare images and videos +* Khronos – Time Logging +* Markets – Watch Stock Markets +* Obfuscate – Redact Images +* Plots – Simple Graph Plotting +* squeekboard – On-screen keyboard for wayland ### 10 Necessary GNOME Apps @@ -42,18 +39,18 @@ In this article, we covered the following list of great GNOME Apps. The first app that we highlight is a password manager called Secrets. This GNOME Circle app uses KeePass 0.4 format to store the password in its database. This app comes with a simple interface that gives you complete control of your password and managing them. Secret perfectly integrates with your GNOME desktop, which you can install. -![Secrets – GNOME App][14] +![Secrets][5] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][15] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install Secrets][16] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][6] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). -s - - * [Home Page][17] - * [Source Code][18] +[Install Secrets][7] +**More Details about Secrets** +* [Home Page][8] +* [Source Code][9] #### Font Downloader @@ -61,36 +58,40 @@ Installing font via terminal for new users is a bit complicated process. The nex But this app takes care of all the hassles that an average faces. You can search fonts in Google Fonts directly from its UI and install it with just a click of a button. A perfect and necessary GNOME app for your desktop. -![Font Downloader – GNOME Apps][19] +![Font Downloader][10] Here’s how to install it. -You need to [Setup Flatpak][15] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install Font Downloader][20] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][11] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Home Page][21] - * [Source Code][22] +[Install Font Downloader][12] +**More details about Font Downloader** +* [Home Page][13] +* [Source Code][14] #### Gaphor – UML Modeling Utility -Out of all the GNOME apps we have covered so far, this one is one of the best apps. Named Gaphor, this application helps you design complex systems via Unified Modelling Language. It currently supports UML, SysML, RAAML and C4 languages and is fully compliant with the [UML 2 data model][23]. +Out of all the GNOME apps we have covered so far, this one is one of the best apps. Named Gaphor, this application helps you design complex systems via Unified Modelling Language. It currently supports UML, SysML, RAAML and C4 languages and is fully compliant with the [UML 2 data model][15]. It is a perfect GNOME app for students or system design professionals. -![Gaphor – GNOME Apps][24] +![Gaphor][16] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][15] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install Gaphor][25] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][17] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Home Page][26] - * [Home Page (official)][27] - * [Source Code][28] +[Install Gaphor][18] +**More details about Gaphor** +* [Home Page][19] +* [Home Page (official)][20] +* [Source Code][21] #### Hashbrown – Check Hash of your files @@ -100,36 +101,36 @@ So, a hash is a way to verify whether your downloaded file is original or not. I This GNOME App – Hashbrown, does that job for you. Its unique and straightforward UI helps you to compare several hash types of a file. This app currently supports MD5, SHA-256, SHA-512 and SHA-1 hashes. A perfect and necessary utility for your GNOME desktop. -![Hashbrown – GNOME App][29] +![Hashbrown][22] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][15] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install Hashbrown][30] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][23] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Official Home Page][31] _(Fun fact: You will be amazed if you open this site. Check out by yourself!)_ - * [Home Page][32] - * [Source Code][33] +[Install Hashbrown][24] +**More details about Hashbrown** +* [Official Home Page][25] (Fun fact: You will be amazed if you open this site. Check out by yourself!) +* [Home Page][26] +* [Source Code][27] #### Identity – Compare images and videos If you need to compare multiple images or video files, you should use Identity. This GNOME app compares and gives you information about the target files. Powered by GStreamer, Identity also comes with the command line utility to compare the files. -![Identity][34] +![Identity][28] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][15] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to install** -[Install Identity][35] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][29] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Home Page][36] - * [Source Code][37] +[Install Identity][30] +**More details about Identity** - -[][2] - -SEE ALSO:   10 Perfect Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience [Part 2] +* [Home Page][31] +* [Source Code][32] #### Khronos – Time Logging @@ -137,16 +138,18 @@ If you ever need an on-demand timer that keeps track of time while you complete It is a friendly GNOME app for those who need it. -![Khronos – GNOME App][38] +![Khronos - GNOME App][33] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][15] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install Khronos][39] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][34] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Home Page][40] - * [Source Code][41] +[Install Khronos][35] +**More details about Khronos** +* [Home Page][36] +* [Source Code][37] #### Markets – Watch Stock Markets @@ -154,25 +157,25 @@ I am sure you keep track of your favourite stocks or overall investment portfoli Markets is a GNOME Circle app, and it brings a list of cool features to track stocks and helps you stay in profits. Features such as – - * Individual Stock tracking - * Create your portfolio - * Track Cryptocurrencies, commodities - * Details via Yahoo! finance - * Supported in Linux-based smartphones (Librem5, PinePhone) - * Adjust refresh rate and Dark Mode Support +* Individual Stock tracking +* Create your portfolio +* Track Cryptocurrencies, commodities +* Details via Yahoo! finance +* Supported in Linux-based smartphones (Librem5, PinePhone) +* Adjust refresh rate and Dark Mode Support +![Markets - A Necessary GNOME Apps][38] +**How to Install** -![Markets – A Necessary GNOME App][42] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][39] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). -You need to [Setup Flatpak][15] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - -[Install Markets][43] - - * [Home page][44] - * [Source code][45] +[Install Markets][40] +**More details about Markets** +* [Home page][41] +* [Source code][42] #### Obfuscate – Redact Images @@ -180,16 +183,18 @@ We often need to gray out or remove certain sensitive sections of any image for If you think that is too much work, try Obfuscate native app for GNOME. This GNOME Circle app helps you redact custom sections from any image and export them. This app supports all major image types. However, you can do these using LibreOffice, which requires inserting an image to the Writer document and whatnot. Try it out. -![Obfuscate – GNOME App][46] +![Obfuscate - A Necessary GNOME Apps][43] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][15] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install Obfuscate][47] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][44] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Home page][48] - * [Source code][49] +[Install Obfuscate][45] +**More details about Obfuscate** +* [Home page][46] +* [Source code][47] #### Plots – Simple Graph Plotting @@ -197,114 +202,107 @@ If you need a quick tool to visualize those complex math formulae in nice graphs Here are some of its unique features: - * Support for trigonometric, hyperbolic, exponential and logarithmic functions, as well as arbitrary sums and products - * Ability to utilize your system hardware with the support of OpenGL - * Color Support for graphs -Easy customization of graphs with the value bar which you can increase or decrease interactively to see the graphs +* Support for trigonometric, hyperbolic, exponential and logarithmic functions, as well as arbitrary sums and products +* Ability to utilize your system hardware with the support of OpenGL +* Color Support for graphsEasy customization of graphs with the value bar which you can increase or decrease interactively to see the graphs +![Plots][48] +**How to Install** -![Plots][50] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][49] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). -You need to [Setup Flatpak][15] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - -[Install Plots][51] - - * [Home page][52] - * [Source code][53] +[Install Plots][50] +**More Details about Plots** +* [Home page][51] +* [Source code][52] #### squeekboard – On-screen keyboard for wayland The final app in this post is for only Linux mobile phones. I thought it was worth mentioning this app because of Wayland. The squeekboard is an on-screen keyboard designed for Librem5 Linux Smartphones for Wayland compositor. This GTK and Rust based application is currently under development, but most of the essential features are already implemented. -You can learn more about it in [GitLab][54]. I couldn’t find a screenshot to share with you. However, if you are interested, try it out. +You can learn more about it in [GitLab][53]. I couldn’t find a screenshot to share with you. However, if you are interested, try it out. ### Closing Notes I hope some of these necessary GNOME apps you found helpful for your daily workflow. I am sure they did. With that said, we are wrapping up Part 4 of the series. If you would like to read the other parts, you can go over them via the links below. -[Part 1][1] -[Part 2][2] -[Part 3][3] +* [Part 1][54] +* [Part 2][55] +* [Part 3][56] +* [Part 5][57] And do let me know your thoughts about this article or this series as a whole. Cheers. -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][55], [Twitter][56], [YouTube][57], and [Facebook][58] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/best-gnome-apps-part-4/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-1/ [2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-2/ [3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/best-gnome-apps-part-3/ -[4]: tmp.UAQ8Cc4ZnO#secrets-password-manager -[5]: tmp.UAQ8Cc4ZnO#font-downloader -[6]: tmp.UAQ8Cc4ZnO#gaphor-uml-modeling-utility -[7]: tmp.UAQ8Cc4ZnO#hashbrown-check-hash-of-your-files -[8]: tmp.UAQ8Cc4ZnO#identity-compare-images-and-videos -[9]: tmp.UAQ8Cc4ZnO#khronos-time-logging -[10]: tmp.UAQ8Cc4ZnO#markets-watch-stock-markets -[11]: tmp.UAQ8Cc4ZnO#obfuscate-redact-images -[12]: tmp.UAQ8Cc4ZnO#plots-simple-graph-plotting -[13]: tmp.UAQ8Cc4ZnO#squeekboard-on-screen-keyboard-for-wayland -[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Secrets-GNOME-App.jpg -[15]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ -[16]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.gnome.World.Secrets -[17]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gnome.World.Secrets/ -[18]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/secrets -[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Font-Downloader-GNOME-Apps.jpg -[20]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gustavoperedo.FontDownloader.flatpakref -[21]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gustavoperedo.FontDownloader/ -[22]: https://github.com/GustavoPeredo/font-downloader -[23]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language#UML_2 -[24]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Gaphor-GNOME-Apps.jpg -[25]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gaphor.Gaphor.flatpakref -[26]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gaphor.Gaphor/ -[27]: https://gaphor.org/ -[28]: https://github.com/gaphor/gaphor -[29]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Hashbrown-GNOME-App.jpg -[30]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/dev.geopjr.Hashbrown.flatpakref -[31]: https://hashbrown.geopjr.dev/ -[32]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/dev.geopjr.Hashbrown/ -[33]: https://github.com/GeopJr/Hashbrown -[34]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Identity.jpg -[35]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.gitlab.YaLTeR.Identity.flatpakref -[36]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gnome.gitlab.YaLTeR.Identity/ -[37]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/YaLTeR/identity -[38]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Khronos-GNOME-App.jpg -[39]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/io.github.lainsce.Khronos.flatpakref -[40]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/io.github.lainsce.Khronos/ -[41]: https://github.com/lainsce/khronos -[42]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Markets-A-Necessary-GNOME-App.jpg -[43]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.bitstower.Markets.flatpakref -[44]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.bitstower.Markets/ -[45]: https://github.com/bitstower/markets -[46]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Obfuscate-GNOME-App.jpg -[47]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.belmoussaoui.Obfuscate.flatpakref -[48]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.belmoussaoui.Obfuscate/ -[49]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/obfuscate/ -[50]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Plots-GNOME-App.jpg -[51]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.alexhuntley.Plots.flatpakref -[52]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.github.alexhuntley.Plots/ -[53]: https://github.com/alexhuntley/Plots -[54]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/Phosh/squeekboard -[55]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[56]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[57]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[58]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/best-gnome-apps-part-5/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Secrets-GNOME-App.jpg +[6]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[7]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.gnome.World.Secrets +[8]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gnome.World.Secrets/ +[9]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/secrets +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Font-Downloader-GNOME-Apps.jpg +[11]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[12]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gustavoperedo.FontDownloader.flatpakref +[13]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gustavoperedo.FontDownloader/ +[14]: https://github.com/GustavoPeredo/font-downloader +[15]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language#UML_2 +[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Gaphor-GNOME-Apps.jpg +[17]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[18]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gaphor.Gaphor.flatpakref +[19]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gaphor.Gaphor/ +[20]: https://gaphor.org/ +[21]: https://github.com/gaphor/gaphor +[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Hashbrown-GNOME-App.jpg +[23]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[24]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/dev.geopjr.Hashbrown.flatpakref +[25]: https://hashbrown.geopjr.dev/ +[26]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/dev.geopjr.Hashbrown/ +[27]: https://github.com/GeopJr/Hashbrown +[28]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Identity.jpg +[29]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[30]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.gitlab.YaLTeR.Identity.flatpakref +[31]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gnome.gitlab.YaLTeR.Identity/ +[32]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/YaLTeR/identity +[33]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Khronos-GNOME-App.jpg +[34]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[35]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/io.github.lainsce.Khronos.flatpakref +[36]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/io.github.lainsce.Khronos/ +[37]: https://github.com/lainsce/khronos +[38]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Markets-A-Necessary-GNOME-App.jpg +[39]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[40]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.bitstower.Markets.flatpakref +[41]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.bitstower.Markets/ +[42]: https://github.com/bitstower/markets +[43]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Obfuscate-GNOME-App.jpg +[44]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[45]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.belmoussaoui.Obfuscate.flatpakref +[46]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.belmoussaoui.Obfuscate/ +[47]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/obfuscate/ +[48]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Plots-GNOME-App.jpg +[49]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[50]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.alexhuntley.Plots.flatpakref +[51]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.github.alexhuntley.Plots/ +[52]: https://github.com/alexhuntley/Plots +[53]: https://www.debugpoint.com//gitlab.gnome.org/World/Phosh/squeekboard +[54]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-1/ +[55]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-2/ +[56]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/best-gnome-apps-part-3/ +[57]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/best-gnome-apps-part-5/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20220217 Top 5 Live Streaming Application for Ubuntu and Other Linux -2022 Edition.md b/sources/tech/20220217 Top 5 Live Streaming Application for Ubuntu and Other Linux [2022 Edition].md similarity index 66% rename from sources/tech/20220217 Top 5 Live Streaming Application for Ubuntu and Other Linux -2022 Edition.md rename to sources/tech/20220217 Top 5 Live Streaming Application for Ubuntu and Other Linux [2022 Edition].md index 47ad2f916b..4753330660 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220217 Top 5 Live Streaming Application for Ubuntu and Other Linux -2022 Edition.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220217 Top 5 Live Streaming Application for Ubuntu and Other Linux [2022 Edition].md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "Top 5 Live Streaming Application for Ubuntu and Other Linux [2022 Edition]" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/live-streaming-applications-linux-2022/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ Top 5 Live Streaming Application for Ubuntu and Other Linux [2022 Edition] ====== -THIS POST LISTS THE TOP FIVE LIVE STREAMING APPLICATIONS FOR UBUNTU -LINUX WITH FEATURES, HIGHLIGHTS, DOWNLOAD DETAILS, AND COMPARISON. +This post lists the top five live streaming applications for Ubuntu Linux with features, highlights, download details, and comparison. + It is the best time to incorporate online video content for your business. Why? Because research suggests that the global online video market is growing at a rate of ~20% per year. And thanks to some excellent software from developers, it has become easy for anyone to create video content and stream them over several popular platforms such as YouTube and Twitch. If you think about it, you see you are consuming more video content today while online than text-based content. @@ -27,7 +27,9 @@ OBS Studio is the best one on this list because several reasons. The encoding is The user interface is reasonably straightforward and features rich. You can get help from third-party developed plugins to extend their functionalities, such as – mixing live tweets from Twitter on your streaming media while live streaming. However, OBS does not support multi-bitrate streaming. -![OBS Studio][1] +![OBS Studio - Live Streaming Applications for Linux][1] + +**How to Install** OBS Studio is available in all Linux Distribution’s official repositories. Detailed instruction for installations is present in the below link. @@ -35,10 +37,8 @@ OBS Studio is available in all Linux Distribution’s official repositories. Det More Information - * [Home Page][3] - * [Documentation][4] - - +* [Home Page][3] +* [Documentation][4] #### VokoscreenNG @@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ The second application we would feature in this list is VokoscreenNG. It is a fo It is available for Linux and Windows for free. -![vokoscreenNG][5] +![vokoscreenNG - Live Streaming Applications for Linux][5] + +**How to Install** You can download the compressed executable from the below link for Linux systems. Once downloaded, extract them. Then execute the binary to launch the application. @@ -54,9 +56,9 @@ Remember, this application requires X11, PulseAudio and GStreamer plugins instal [Download VokoscreenNG][6] - * [Home page][7] - +**More Information** +* [Home page][7] #### Restreamer @@ -64,52 +66,46 @@ The Restreamer application enables you to live stream videos and screencasts dir This application is feature-rich and comes with a fair list of features. Here’s a quick peek at its features: - * H.264 streaming support - * Built-in HTML5 video play - * Available for Linux, macOS, Windows and as Docker images - * Supports your own website plus YouTube, Twitchm, Facebook, Vimeo, Wowza and more - * Multiple video source support – [IP Camera][8], USB Cameram or any H.2645 streams - * Encoding and Audio source support - * Snapshots as form of JPEG support in regular interval - * Access stream status via JSON HTTP API for additional programming - - +* H.264 streaming support +* Built-in HTML5 video play +* Available for Linux, macOS, Windows and as Docker images +* Supports your own website plus YouTube, Twitchm, Facebook, Vimeo, Wowza and more +* Multiple video source support – [IP Camera][8], USB Cameram or any H.2645 streams +* Encoding and Audio source support +* Snapshots as form of JPEG support in regular interval +* Access stream status via JSON HTTP API for additional programming ![Restreamer][9] -[][10] - -SEE ALSO:   10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 4] +**How to Install** The installation of Restreamer is a little tricky because it’s distributed via Docker images. You can find the instructions to install Linux, Windows, and macOS on the below link. -[Download Restreamer][11] - - * [Home Page][12] - * [Documentation][13] - * [Source Code][14] +[Download Restreamer][10] +**More Information** +* [Home Page][11] +* [Documentation][12] +* [Source Code][13] #### ffscreencast The ffscreencast is a command-line streaming application that uses the ffmpeg library. It leverages the power of ffmpeg and acts as a wrapper to it. Although it is available as a command line, you can take advantage of its powerful features such as multiple sources and recordings devices directly via the terminal. It supports multiple display setups as well. You can also overlay your camera feed on top of your desktop screencast. -![Open Streaming Platform][15] +![Open Streaming Platform - - Live Streaming Applications for Linux][14] + +**How to Install** To install this application, you need to clone the git repo and then copy the contents to /bin directory for the global execution of the `ffscreencast` command. ``` - - git clone https://github.com/cytopia/ffscreencast - cd ffscreencast - sudo cp bin/ffscreencast /usr/local/bin - +git clone https://github.com/cytopia/ffscreencastcd ffscreencastsudo cp bin/ffscreencast /usr/local/bin ``` You can run this application with `ffscreencast` command from the terminal. -[Source code & Home page][16] +[Source code & Home page][15] #### Open Streaming platforms @@ -117,31 +113,31 @@ The final application in this list is Open Streaming Platform (OSP), an open-sou This application is feature-rich and powerful when used correctly. Because of the below essential features: - * RTMP Streaming from an input source like Open Broadcast Software (OBS). - * Multiple Channels per User, allowing a single user to broadcast multiple streams at the same time without needing multiple accounts. - * Video Stream Recording and On-Demand Playback. - * Manual Video Uploading of MP4s that are sourced outside of OSP - * Video Clipping – Create Shorter Videos of Notable Moments - * Real-Time Chat Moderation by Channel Owners (Banning/Unbanning) - * Admin Controlled Adaptive Streaming - * Protected Channels – Allow Access only to the audience you want. - * Live Channels – Keep chatting and hang out when a stream isn’t on - * Webhooks – Connect OSP to other services via fully customizable HTTP requests which will pass information - * Embed your stream or video directly into another web page easily - * Share channels or videos via Facebook or Twitter quickly - * Ability to Customize the UI as a Theme for your own personal look - +* RTMP Streaming from an input source like Open Broadcast Software (OBS). +* Multiple Channels per User, allowing a single user to broadcast multiple streams at the same time without needing multiple accounts. +* Video Stream Recording and On-Demand Playback. +* Manual Video Uploading of MP4s that are sourced outside of OSP +* Video Clipping – Create Shorter Videos of Notable Moments +* Real-Time Chat Moderation by Channel Owners (Banning/Unbanning) +* Admin Controlled Adaptive Streaming +* Protected Channels – Allow Access only to the audience you want. +* Live Channels – Keep chatting and hang out when a stream isn’t on +* Webhooks – Connect OSP to other services via fully customizable HTTP requests which will pass information +* Embed your stream or video directly into another web page easily +* Share channels or videos via Facebook or Twitter quickly +* Ability to Customize the UI as a Theme for your own personal look +**How to Install** To install the Open Streaming Platform, follow the below page for detailed instructions. -[Download Open Streaming Platform][17] - - * [Home Page][18] - * [Source Code][19] - * [Documentation][20] +[Download Open Streaming Platform][16] +**More Information** +* [Home Page][17] +* [Source Code][18] +* [Documentation][19] ### Closing Notes @@ -151,25 +147,19 @@ Let me know your favourite live streaming software in the comment box below. Cheers. -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][21], [Twitter][22], [YouTube][23], and [Facebook][24] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/live-streaming-applications-linux-2022/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/OBS-Studio.jpg [2]: https://obsproject.com/wiki/install-instructions#linux [3]: https://obsproject.com/ @@ -179,18 +169,13 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/live-streaming-applications-linux-2022/ [7]: https://linuxecke.volkoh.de/vokoscreen/vokoscreen.html [8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/08/onvifviewer-internet-camera-viewer-for-linux/ [9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Restreamer.jpg -[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/best-gnome-apps-part-4/ -[11]: https://datarhei.github.io/restreamer/docs/installation-index.html -[12]: https://datarhei.github.io/restreamer/ -[13]: https://datarhei.github.io/restreamer/docs/index.html -[14]: https://github.com/datarhei/restreamer -[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Open-Streaming-Platform-1024x513.jpg -[16]: https://github.com/cytopia/ffscreencast -[17]: https://wiki.openstreamingplatform.com/Install/Standard -[18]: https://openstreamingplatform.com/ -[19]: https://gitlab.com/Deamos/flask-nginx-rtmp-manager -[20]: https://wiki.openstreamingplatform.com/ -[21]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[22]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[23]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[24]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint +[10]: https://datarhei.github.io/restreamer/docs/installation-index.html +[11]: https://datarhei.github.io/restreamer/ +[12]: https://datarhei.github.io/restreamer/docs/index.html +[13]: https://github.com/datarhei/restreamer +[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Open-Streaming-Platform-1024x513.jpg +[15]: https://github.com/cytopia/ffscreencast +[16]: https://wiki.openstreamingplatform.com/Install/Standard +[17]: https://openstreamingplatform.com/ +[18]: https://gitlab.com/Deamos/flask-nginx-rtmp-manager +[19]: https://wiki.openstreamingplatform.com/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20220220 Transform Your Arch Installation with Stunning XMonad WM Setup.md b/sources/tech/20220220 Transform Your Arch Installation with Stunning XMonad WM Setup.md index 12a3b4280f..5848309328 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220220 Transform Your Arch Installation with Stunning XMonad WM Setup.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220220 Transform Your Arch Installation with Stunning XMonad WM Setup.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "Transform Your Arch Installation with Stunning XMonad WM Setup" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/xmonad-arch-linux-setup/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ Transform Your Arch Installation with Stunning XMonad WM Setup ====== -THIS ARTICLE GIVES YOU A STEP-BY-STEP INSTALLATION GUIDE FOR THE XMONAD -SETUP IN ARCH LINUX WITH A CUSTOM PRE-CONFIGURED SCRIPT. +This article gives you a step-by-step installation guide for the xmonad setup in arch linux with a custom pre-configured script. + ### What is XMonad The [xmonad][1] is a dynamic tiling window manager for X Window system written in Haskell programming language. It is famous for its window automation, stability, minimal, workspace features, and more unique features. With features like – multiple display support, auto window tiling management, quick keyboard navigation, extension support, this window manager is one of the popular choices for those users who wants a productive and faster working system. @@ -25,48 +25,32 @@ You can learn more about this window manager at [https://xmon][1][ad.org/][1]. This guide assumes that you have a functional Arch Linux system ready to follow the below steps. If you want to install Arch Linux, then you can follow our guides as below: - * [How to Install Arch Linux via archinstall (recommended)][3] - * [How to Install Arch Linux (basics)][4] - - +* [How to Install Arch Linux via archinstall (recommended)][3] +* [How to Install Arch Linux (basics)][4] For this guide, we will use [Axarva’s pre-configured xmonad script][5], which comes with xmonad, Eww (Elkowars Wacky Widgets is a standalone widget system made in Rust), rofi (window switcher), tint2 (panels and taskbar) and some cool widgets. This guide is only for physical systems and not virtual machines. Using this personal script is best for novice Arch Linux users because it is unnecessary to go through the hassles of choosing and installing each of the above components and configure them separately. - * Ensure that you are logged on to the Arch Linux system as an admin user (preferable). And connected to the internet. - - - * In the terminal prompt, install the following components while in the home directory. - - +* Ensure that you are logged on to the Arch Linux system as an admin user (preferable). And connected to the internet. +* In the terminal prompt, install the following components while in the home directory. ``` - sudo pacman -Syu base-devel git nano - ``` - * Wait for the download to complete. Then clone the following [Axarva’s repo][5] from GitHub. - - +* Wait for the download to complete. Then clone the following [Axarva’s repo][5] from GitHub. ``` - git clone https://github.com/Axarva/dotfiles-2.0.git - ``` - * After the above command is complete, browse to the dotfiles-2.0 directory. Here you should see a script – `install-on-arch.sh`. Give the execute permission on this script and run. All these you can do with the below set of commands. - - +* After the above command is complete, browse to the dotfiles-2.0 directory. Here you should see a script – `install-on-arch.sh`. Give the execute permission on this script and run. All these you can do with the below set of commands. ``` - cd ./dotfiles-2.0 chmod +x ./install-on-arch.sh ./install-on-arch.sh - ``` The above script will take some time to complete. It will download all the required packages for xmonad setup in Arch Linux. And at the end, the script will compile the entire source code that you downloaded in the first step, including xmonad and other additional utilities. @@ -89,30 +73,20 @@ Congratulations if you reached this far. It’s time for some configuration. Onc Installing the xmonad window manager is not sufficient. You have to tell the Arch system where it should pick the executables and widgets. Also, you have to manually configure to tell X Windows server to execute the main xmonad binary. When you use a stacking window system (such as GNOME, KDE Plasma, etc.), the display manager (such as lightdm) takes care of this. - * Open the `~/.bashrc` file from the terminal prompt and append the $HOME/bin. - - +* Open the `~/.bashrc` file from the terminal prompt and append the $HOME/bin. ![Updating bashrc file][9] - * Open the `~/.bash_profile` file and add startx at the beginning to start the xserver when logging in. Save and exit from the file. - - +* Open the `~/.bash_profile` file and add startx at the beginning to start the xserver when logging in. Save and exit from the file. ![Updating bash_profile file][10] - * Open `~/.xinitrc` file and add `exec xmonad`. This file is new. Save the file once you add the command. - - +* Open `~/.xinitrc` file and add `exec xmonad`. This file is new. Save the file once you add the command. ![Create xinitrc file][11] - * The steps are almost complete, open the `~/dotfiles-2.0/.config/alacritty.yml` file and change the font size for the terminal to something larger than the default value of 9. This is an optional step, but it’s better to change this. Save and close the file. - - - * Exit and log in again. And if all goes well, you should see a default xmonad desktop as below. Now, if you like to configure further such as installing applications and other steps, proceed to the next step. - - +* The steps are almost complete, open the `~/dotfiles-2.0/.config/alacritty.yml` file and change the font size for the terminal to something larger than the default value of 9. This is an optional step, but it’s better to change this. Save and close the file. +* Exit and log in again. And if all goes well, you should see a default xmonad desktop as below. Now, if you like to configure further such as installing applications and other steps, proceed to the next step. ![xmonad base install in Arch Linux – before configuration][12] @@ -122,8 +96,6 @@ The default install in this process gives you a basic setup without the necessar [][13] -SEE ALSO:   How to Install yay AUR Helper in Arch Linux [Beginner’s Guide] - Here, I have compiled a list of some famous and essential software for this setup. This step is optional, and you can install something else as you wish. However, you can install using the command that follows this list. * Ristretto – Image viewer @@ -134,12 +106,8 @@ Here, I have compiled a list of some famous and essential software for this setu * Thunar – File manager * KSnip – Screenshot tool - - ``` - pacman -S gtklib firefox leafpad libreoffice thunar ksnip ristretto gimp feh gvfs polkit-gnome - ``` The gvfs and polkit-gnome packages are for Thunar and detect USB drives. @@ -201,12 +169,6 @@ With that said, I hope this guide helps you to set up your xmonad window manager Cheers. -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][19], [Twitter][20], [YouTube][21], and [Facebook][22] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/xmonad-arch-linux-setup/ @@ -238,7 +200,3 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/xmonad-arch-linux-setup/ [16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/xmonad-performance-in-Arch-Linux-during-idle-state-1024x575.jpg [17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/xmonad-performance-in-Arch-Linux-during-heavy-workflow-state-1024x575.jpg [18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/arch-linux -[19]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[20]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[21]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[22]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220305 10 Awesome Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience -Part 5.md b/sources/tech/20220305 10 Awesome Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 5].md similarity index 58% rename from sources/tech/20220305 10 Awesome Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience -Part 5.md rename to sources/tech/20220305 10 Awesome Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 5].md index ba0a15e91a..f9f723f476 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220305 10 Awesome Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience -Part 5.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220305 10 Awesome Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 5].md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "10 Awesome Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 5]" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/best-gnome-apps-part-5/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,35 +9,31 @@ 10 Awesome Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 5] ====== -HERE, WE SHOWCASE THE NEXT SET OF 10 GNOME APPS THAT WILL SUPERCHARGE -YOUR PRODUCTIVITY WHILE USING GNOME DESKTOP. +Here, we showcase the next set of 10 GNOME Apps that will improve your productivity while using your favourite GNOME Desktop. + At debugpoint.com, we showcase some cool and helpful GNOME apps over a five-part series. The main reason is to raise awareness about the rich GNOME ecosystems with these awesome apps. And it also helps the developers as our readers give these awesome GNOME apps much-needed recognition. This post is the final part, i.e. part 5 of the awesome GNOME app series. In this part 5, we will showcase ten applications. If you missed the last parts, you can read the other parts of this series via the below links. - * [Part 1][1] - * [Part 2][2] - * [Part 3][3] - * [Part 4][4] - - +* [Part 1][1] +* [Part 2][2] +* [Part 3][3] +* [Part 4][4] In this article, we covered the following list of awesome GNOME Apps. - * [Podcasts – podcasts client][5] - * [Tootle – Mastodon client][6] - * [Tangram – Web App Browser][7] - * [Wike – Wikipedia browser for desktop][8] - * [Devhelp – API Search for developers][9] - * [Lorem – Random text generator][10] - * [Rnote – Whiteboard drawing app][11] - * [Frogr – Flickr Client][12] - * [GTG – Personal task and to-do manager][13] - * [Recipes – Cooking guide][14] - - +* Podcasts – podcasts client +* Tootle – Mastodon client +* Tangram – Web App Browser +* Wike – Wikipedia browser for desktop +* Devhelp – API Search for developers +* Lorem – Random text generator +* Rnote – Whiteboard drawing app +* Frogr – Flickr Client +* GTG – Personal task and to-do manager +* Recipes – Cooking guide ### 10 Awesome GNOME Apps @@ -47,25 +43,25 @@ We all love Podcasts, and it’s still going strong. Podcasts are native GNOME a Here’s a quick summary of the features: - * Nice and clean user interface UI - * Play, update and complete management of your podcasts from UI - * Well, integration with GNOME Desktop such as notifications. - * Bookmark your listening to start listening over again - * Support of RSS/Atop for podcasting service via Soundcloud and iTunes - * Import option via OPML files +* Nice and clean user interface UI +* Play, update and complete management of your podcasts from UI +* Well, integration with GNOME Desktop such as notifications. +* Bookmark your listening to start listening over again +* Support of RSS/Atop for podcasting service via Soundcloud and iTunes +* Import option via OPML files +![Podcasts App][5] +**How to Install** -![Podcasts App][15] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][6] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). -You need to [Setup Flatpak][16] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - -[Install Podcast][17] - - * [Home page][18] - * [Source code][19] +[Install Podcast][7] +**More details about Podcasts** +* [Home page][8] +* [Source code][9] #### Tootle – Mastodon client @@ -73,65 +69,69 @@ The next app we would like to feature is Tootle – a Mastodon client for the GN This application well integrates with the GNOME desktop and comes with a Flatpak build for installation. -![Tootle][20] +![Tootle][10] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][16] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install Tootle][21] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][11] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Home page][22] - * [Source code][23] +[Install Tootle][12] +**More details about Tootle** +* [Home page][13] +* [Source code][14] #### Tangram – Web app browser This application is one of my favourites. And I am sure it would be for you as well. Tangram is a browser for Web Apps. Web Apps behaves as desktop apps for your favourite websites. So, using Tangram, you can manage your multiple web applications together with its unique vertical tab browser. -Each of the tabs is persistent and independent. That means, for example, you can open multiple Google accounts together in separate tabs without worrying about login conflicts or expiry. You can also group the type of web apps using this application. Suppose you would like to group all messager applications such as WhatsApp, Facebook Meeesagner & Telegram. In that case, you can do that quickly, and it’s easier for you to monitor and be productive. +Each of the tabs is persistent and independent. That means, for example, you can open multiple Google accounts together in separate tabs without worrying about login conflicts or expiry. You can also group the type of web apps using this application. Suppose you would like to group all messager applications such as WhatsApp, Facebook Meeesagner & Telegram. In that case, you can do that quickly, and it’s easier for you to monitor and be productive. If used and appropriately configured, Tangram can reduce digital notification overhead in your mobile, save time and eventually help you focus more. -![Tangram][24] +![Tangram - an awesome GNOME app for all][15] + +**How to Install** You need to [Setup Flatpak][16] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). -[Install Tangram][25] - - * [Home page][26] - * [Source code][27] +[Install Tangram][17] +**More details about Tangram** +* [Home page][18] +* [Source code][19] #### Wike – Wikipedia Browser We all love Wikipedia. There is a GNOME native application to browse Wikipedia, right from your desktop if I tell you. The app’s name is Wike, and it comes with the below set of features. - * Open multiple articles in tabs - * Multiple languages - * Search suggestions - * List of recent articles - * Simple bookmarks management - * Text search in articles - * Article table of contents - * View article in other languages - * GNOME Shell search integration - * Light, dark and sepia themes - - +* Open multiple articles in tabs +* Multiple languages +* Search suggestions +* List of recent articles +* Simple bookmarks management +* Text search in articles +* Article table of contents +* View article in other languages +* GNOME Shell search integration +* Light, dark and sepia themes I am sure you can get the most out of Wikipedia for your research, knowledge gathering, or work with the above features. -![Wike – an awesome GNOME app][28] +![Wike - an awesome GNOME app][20] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][16] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install Wike][29] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][21] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Home page][30] - * [Source code][30] +[Install Wike][22] +**More details about Wike** +* [Home page][23] +* [Source code][24] #### Devhelp – API Browser @@ -139,22 +139,20 @@ The next app we would like to highlight is Devhelp. As its name says, this deskt By default, it comes with GTK-doc, i.e. GTK documentation are available as per the installations. However, you can configure it for other development languages provided; you have the API documentation HTML and *.devhelp2 index file is generated. -[][31] - -SEE ALSO:   Top 10 KDE Plasma Hidden Feature That You Didn't Know About - A fantastic tool, I must say. -![Devhelp][32] +![Devhelp][25] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][16] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install devhelp][33] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][26] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Home page][34] - * [Source code][35] +[Install devhelp][27] +**More details about Devhelp** +* [Home page][28] +* [Source code][29] #### Lorem – Random Text Generator @@ -162,32 +160,36 @@ We often need placeholder text for various needs. And for that, the famous “Lo This GNOME app, named Lorem, does just that. Based on your input, it can generate blocks of text that you can easily copy and use for your work. -![Lorem][36] +![Lorem][30] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][16] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install Lorem][37] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][31] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Home page][38] - * [Source code][39] +[Install Lorem][32] +**More details about Lorem** +* [Home page][33] +* [Source code][34] #### Rnote – Whiteboard Tool Rnote is an excellent application for taking handwritten notes via touch devices. This application is vector image-based and helps to draw annotate pictures and PDFs. It brings native .rnote file format with import/export options for png, jpeg, SVG and PDF. -One of the cool features of Rnote is that it supports [Xournal++ file format][40] support which makes it a must-have tool. +One of the cool features of Rnote is that it supports [Xournal++ file format][35] support which makes it a must-have tool. -![Rnote – Whiteboard Application for Linux based on GTK4 and Rust][41] +![Rnote – Whiteboard Application for Linux based on GTK4 and Rust][36] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][16] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install Rnote][42] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][37] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Source code][43] +[Install Rnote][38] +**More details about Rnote** +* [Source code][39] #### Frogr – Flickr Client @@ -195,33 +197,37 @@ If you still love and use the image hosting platform Flickr, then Frogr is the t It is a perfect application for those whose workflow deals with heavy photo management and doesn’t want to deal with web browsers. -![Frogr][44] +![Frogr][40] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][16] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install Frogr][45] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][41] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Home page][46] - * [Source code][47] +[Install Frogr][42] +**More details about Frogr** +* [Home page][43] +* [Source code][44] #### GTG – Getting Things GNOME: To do manager -Are you procrastinating too much or having trouble finishing small to larger tasks in your day to day life. Then this next application is perfect for you. GTG, aka Getting Things Gnome, is one of the best personal tasks and to-do managers and organizers for GNOME Desktop. It is inspired by the [Getting Things Done methodology][48] and brings more features to manage your time while accomplishing tasks perfectly. +Are you procrastinating too much or having trouble finishing small to larger tasks in your day to day life. Then this next application is perfect for you. GTG, aka Getting Things Gnome, is one of the best personal tasks and to-do managers and organizers for GNOME Desktop. It is inspired by the[Getting Things Done methodology][45] and brings more features to manage your time while accomplishing tasks perfectly. GTG user interface is neat with flexibility that helps you create and manage tasks with tagging, dependencies, colour codes, search, and many search features. If you have not tried this app yet, you should check it out. -![GTG][49] +![GTG][46] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][16] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install GTG][50] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][47] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Home page][51] - * [Documentation][52] +[Install GTG][48] +**More details about GTG** +* [Home page][49] +* [Documentation][50] #### Recipes – Cooking helper @@ -231,16 +237,18 @@ Right from its user interface, you can discover what to cook today, tomorrow or Interested? Here’s how to install it. -![Recipes][53] +![Recipes][51] -You need to [Setup Flatpak][16] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). +**How to Install** -[Install Recipes][54] +You need to [Setup Flatpak][52] for your Linux distribution. And then click on the below button to launch the native software manager to install (such as Software or Discover). - * [Home page][55] - * [Source code][56] +[Install Recipes][53] +**More details about Recipes** +* [Home page][54] +* [Source code][55] ### Closing Notes @@ -248,90 +256,83 @@ This concludes part 5 and the GNOME Apps series. I hope you get to know many unk If you missed the previous stories, you could read them here. -[Part 1][1] – [Part 2][2] – [Part 3][3] – [Part 4][4] +[Part 1][56] – [Part 2][57] – [Part 3][58] – [Part 4][59] And finally, do let me know your comments, suggestions, or anything in the comment box below. And stay tuned for the next series on a different topic. Cheers. -_Some image credit: GNOME and respective developers_ - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][57], [Twitter][58], [YouTube][59], and [Facebook][60] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read +*Some image credit: GNOME and respective developers* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/best-gnome-apps-part-5/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-1/ [2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-2/ [3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/best-gnome-apps-part-3/ [4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/best-gnome-apps-part-4/ -[5]: tmp.LpD9K2ZERp#podcasts -[6]: tmp.LpD9K2ZERp#tootle -[7]: tmp.LpD9K2ZERp#tangram -[8]: tmp.LpD9K2ZERp#wike -[9]: tmp.LpD9K2ZERp#devhelp -[10]: tmp.LpD9K2ZERp#lorem -[11]: tmp.LpD9K2ZERp#rnote -[12]: tmp.LpD9K2ZERp#frogr -[13]: tmp.LpD9K2ZERp#gtg -[14]: tmp.LpD9K2ZERp#recipes -[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcasts-App-1024x579.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcasts-App.jpg +[6]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[7]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.Podcasts.flatpakref +[8]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Podcasts +[9]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/podcasts +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Tootle.jpg +[11]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[12]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.bleakgrey.tootle.flatpakref +[13]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.github.bleakgrey.tootle/ +[14]: https://github.com/bleakgrey/tootle +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Tangram-1024x573.jpg [16]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ -[17]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.Podcasts.flatpakref -[18]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Podcasts -[19]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/podcasts -[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Tootle.jpg -[21]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.bleakgrey.tootle.flatpakref -[22]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.github.bleakgrey.tootle/ -[23]: https://github.com/bleakgrey/tootle -[24]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Tangram-1024x573.jpg -[25]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/re.sonny.Tangram.flatpakref -[26]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/re.sonny.Tangram/ -[27]: https://github.com/sonnyp/Tangram -[28]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Wike-an-awesome-GNOME-app.jpg -[29]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.hugolabe.Wike.flatpakref -[30]: https://hugolabe.github.io/Wike/ -[31]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/kde-plasma-hidden-feature/ -[32]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Devhelp-1024x574.jpg -[33]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.Devhelp.flatpakref -[34]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gnome.Devhelp/ -[35]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/devhelp -[36]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Lorem.jpg -[37]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.design.Lorem.flatpakref -[38]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gnome.design.Lorem/ -[39]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/design/lorem -[40]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/top-whiteboard-applications-linux/ -[41]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rnote-Whiteboard-Application-for-Linux-based-on-GTK4-and-Rust-1024x576.jpg -[42]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.flxzt.rnote.flatpakref -[43]: https://github.com/flxzt/rnote -[44]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Frogr.jpg -[45]: https://flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.frogr.flatpakref -[46]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Frogr -[47]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/frogr -[48]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getting_Things_Done -[49]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GTG-1024x669.jpg -[50]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.GTG.flatpakref -[51]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/GTG -[52]: https://fortintam.com/gtg/user_manual/ -[53]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Recepies.jpg -[54]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/recipes/raw/master/flatpak/gnome-recipes.flatpakref -[55]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Recipes -[56]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/recipes/ -[57]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[58]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[59]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[60]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint +[17]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/re.sonny.Tangram.flatpakref +[18]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/re.sonny.Tangram/ +[19]: https://github.com/sonnyp/Tangram +[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Wike-an-awesome-GNOME-app.jpg +[21]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[22]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.hugolabe.Wike.flatpakref +[23]: https://hugolabe.github.io/Wike/ +[24]: https://hugolabe.github.io/Wike/ +[25]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Devhelp.jpg +[26]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[27]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.Devhelp.flatpakref +[28]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gnome.Devhelp/ +[29]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/devhelp +[30]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Lorem.jpg +[31]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[32]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.design.Lorem.flatpakref +[33]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/org.gnome.design.Lorem/ +[34]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/design/lorem +[35]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/top-whiteboard-applications-linux/ +[36]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rnote-Whiteboard-Application-for-Linux-based-on-GTK4-and-Rust.jpg +[37]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[38]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.flxzt.rnote.flatpakref +[39]: https://github.com/flxzt/rnote +[40]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Frogr.jpg +[41]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[42]: https://flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.frogr.flatpakref +[43]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Frogr +[44]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/frogr +[45]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getting_Things_Done +[46]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GTG.jpg +[47]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[48]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gnome.GTG.flatpakref +[49]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/GTG +[50]: https://www.debugpoint.com//fortintam.com/gtg/user_manual/ +[51]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Recepies.jpg +[52]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[53]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/recipes/raw/master/flatpak/gnome-recipes.flatpakref +[54]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Recipes +[55]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/recipes/ +[56]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-1/ +[57]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/best-gnome-apps-part-2/ +[58]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/best-gnome-apps-part-3/ +[59]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/best-gnome-apps-part-4/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20220308 Top Nitrux Applications (Maui) Everyone Should Try.md b/sources/tech/20220308 Top Nitrux Applications (Maui) Everyone Should Try.md index 51c0f78410..3a16e7978c 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220308 Top Nitrux Applications (Maui) Everyone Should Try.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220308 Top Nitrux Applications (Maui) Everyone Should Try.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "Top Nitrux Applications (Maui) Everyone Should Try" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/top-nitrux-maui-applications/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ Top Nitrux Applications (Maui) Everyone Should Try ====== -THIS ARTICLE SHOWCASES SOME OF THE EXCELLENT MAUI NATIVE APPLICATIONS -THAT COME AS DEFAULT IN NITRUX OS LINUX DISTRIBUTION. +This article showcases some of the excellent maui native applications that come as default in nitrux os linux distribution. + ### What is Maui Apps and Nitrux OS [Nitrux][1] is a Linux Distribution and a complete operating system based on Debian with the power NX Desktop, which uses KDE Plasma and Mauikit components. It is one of the beautiful Linux distributions today, giving you the best looks and performance. @@ -56,8 +56,6 @@ Other features that make it a most desirable text editors are – * Autosave * Supports dark and light themes - - This text editor reminds me of the great Gedit, which is [not a default editor anymore][7] in GNOME. Gedit [has all the features][8] of this text editor via plugins. ![Nota Text Editor][9] @@ -76,8 +74,6 @@ The [Clip][12] is the convergence video player for desktop and mobile phones tha [][13] -SEE ALSO:   10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 4] - ##### Quick features of Clip * Local, network and internet streaming playback (limited) @@ -86,8 +82,6 @@ SEE ALSO:   10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 4] * Subtitles support * Based on the MPV video player - - ![Clip Video Player][14] #### Station – Terminal @@ -120,8 +114,6 @@ You can view the image metadata and basic image edition as well. The image editi * Supports layers * Cropping and rotating - - However, you can not annotate with arrows or add any texts into the image. ![Pix Image Viewer][20] @@ -156,14 +148,6 @@ So, what is your favourite application on this list? Let me know in the comment Cheers. -_Some image credits – Maui, Nitrux team._ - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][22], [Twitter][23], [YouTube][24], and [Facebook][25] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/top-nitrux-maui-applications/ @@ -198,7 +182,3 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/top-nitrux-maui-applications/ [19]: https://mauikit.org/apps/pix/ [20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Pix-Image-Viewer.jpg [21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Downlaod-Nitrux-Maui-application-appimage-and-apk-files-1024x584.jpg -[22]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[23]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[24]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[25]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220323 10 Features Why GNOME 42 is the Greatest Release Ever.md b/sources/tech/20220323 10 Features Why GNOME 42 is the Greatest Release Ever.md index 439fe050a0..f0e0fcc130 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220323 10 Features Why GNOME 42 is the Greatest Release Ever.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220323 10 Features Why GNOME 42 is the Greatest Release Ever.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "10 Features Why GNOME 42 is the Greatest Release Ever" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/gnome-42-release/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,47 +9,47 @@ 10 Features Why GNOME 42 is the Greatest Release Ever ====== -WE THINK THESE GNOME 42 RELEASE FEATURES MAKE IT ONE OF THE GREAT -RELEASES IN GNOME’S HISTORY. HERE’S WHY. -The GNOME Desktop is the most widely used desktop environment today. And it is probably the only desktop that new users to Linux experience for the first time. GNOME is the default desktop environment for Ubuntu and Fedora Linux. Hence its user base is in millions.  +We think these GNOME 42 release features make it one of the great releases in GNOME’s history. Here’s why. -The upcoming GNOME 42 releases soon. And perhaps it’s one of the best releases so far in terms of new features, adoption of modern tech and moving away from the legacy codebase.  +The GNOME Desktop is the most widely used desktop environment today. And it is probably the only desktop that new users to Linux experience for the first time. GNOME is the default desktop environment for Ubuntu and Fedora Linux. Hence its user base is in millions. + +The upcoming GNOME 42 releases soon. And perhaps it’s one of the best releases so far in terms of new features, adoption of modern tech and moving away from the legacy codebase. The core, look and feel under the hood changes – everything looks different for new and experienced users. ![GNOME 42 Desktop][1] -In this article, we would like to give you a tour of 10 features of GNOME 42, which makes it a significant release.  +In this article, we would like to give you a tour of 10 features of GNOME 42, which makes it a significant release. ### Great Features of GNOME 42 Release -#### 1\. Libadwaita and GTK4 +#### 1. Libadwaita and GTK4 The libadwaita library is the modern building block for GTK4 applications. It’s the GTK4 port of the libhandy library that defines the visual language of the GNOME desktop. The adoption of libadwaita is complex, and it impacts almost every modules component of the modern GNOME desktop, including the native applications. Imagine how difficult it is for a complete libadwaita and GTK4 adoption in development efforts, testing and other regressions. The work started in GNOME 41 is now nearing completion in this GNOME 42 release. But what are the changes? -The libadwaita and GTK4 changes are visible in every user interface of the entire desktop. For example, you can see the flat buttons, well-justified labels, new colours, rounded corners, refined controls, etc.  +The libadwaita and GTK4 changes are visible in every user interface of the entire desktop. For example, you can see the flat buttons, well-justified labels, new colours, rounded corners, refined controls, etc. Hence, from Files to Web, the Shell controls, menu items – everything would look stunning with libadwaita and GTK4 in the GNOME 42 release. -#### 2\. Updated GNOME Shell Theme +#### 2. Updated GNOME Shell Theme The GNOME default Shell theme changed in several places. In this release, those items’ menus, notifications, and overall look are more compact. -The menu items at the top bar, such as the Calendar or the system tray menu, are now closer to the top bar. The spacing between the text and options inside the menu is decreased.  +The menu items at the top bar, such as the Calendar or the system tray menu, are now closer to the top bar. The spacing between the text and options inside the menu is decreased. ![GNOME 42 Shell updates][2] -The on-screen display notifications are changed. Earlier, it used to be the large boxes with notification labels that are now changed to “pills” with a lesser display footprint.  +The on-screen display notifications are changed. Earlier, it used to be the large boxes with notification labels that are now changed to “pills” with a lesser display footprint. ![Revamped OSD and menu in GNOME 42][3] And also, some inside performance boost makes GNOME 42 much faster than its predecessors. -#### 3\. Adaptive Dark Theme +#### 3. Adaptive Dark Theme -If you love dark themes and want your app to honour the system’s dark look, you are in for a treat. The GNOME 42, with the help of libadwaita, brings native dark mode for all the supported applications.  +If you love dark themes and want your app to honour the system’s dark look, you are in for a treat. The GNOME 42, with the help of libadwaita, brings native dark mode for all the supported applications. If you choose a dark theme for GNOME Shell, the apps also follow that shell’s system style. @@ -59,33 +59,29 @@ For example, if you choose the below option in the new Text editor, it changes t However, this feature needs to be implemented by the app developer to consume the exposed Shell settings. -#### 4\. Revamped System Settings with new Appearances +#### 4. Revamped System Settings with new Appearances -The fulcrum of the entire GNOME desktop is its settings window. From the settings window, you can tweak most of the desktop behaviour. The setting application itself is a complex app, and it’s ported to libadwaita. So, the looks of it changed with new styled widgets and controls.  +The fulcrum of the entire GNOME desktop is its settings window. From the settings window, you can tweak most of the desktop behaviour. The setting application itself is a complex app, and it’s ported to libadwaita. So, the looks of it changed with new styled widgets and controls. -One of the vital changes in the Settings window is the new Appearance page. This page gives you the option to view and toggle the desktop theme between light and dark.  +One of the vital changes in the Settings window is the new Appearance page. This page gives you the option to view and toggle the desktop theme between light and dark. The Sharing page in the settings window gives you a redesigned remote desktop dialog showing options and preferences for remote desktop connection via RDP (not VNC). ![Appearance page in Settings][5] -#### 5\. Wallpaper that switches automatically with theme +#### 5. Wallpaper that switches automatically with theme The above appearance page in settings also gives you a nice side-by-side look of the light and dark version. And when you change the system theme, the wallpaper also changes automatically! This is by far the most remarkable feature that GNOME 42 release brings. -[][6] +#### 6. Files icon change -SEE ALSO:   10 Things To Do After Installing Linux Mint 19 - Tara - -#### 6\. Files icon change - -The default folder icons in Files (Nautilus) didn’t change for many years. In my opinion, everything changed over the years, but this piece remains the same. In GNOME 42, the folder icons colour in the Files file manager changes to light blue.  +The default folder icons in Files (Nautilus) didn’t change for many years. In my opinion, everything changed over the years, but this piece remains the same. In GNOME 42, the folder icons colour in the Files file manager changes to light blue. Arguably, blue might not be the best colour considering every aspect. But blue still goes well with GNOME’s default wallpaper and other component pallets. And a change to the default Files look is always welcome. -![Files with new color folders in GNOME 42][7] +![Files with new color folders in GNOME 42][6] -#### 7\. A brand new text editor +#### 7. A brand new text editor A new Text Editor replaces the famous and fabulous Gedit in GNOME 42. The Gedit is a powerful and time-tested utility, and replacing all of its functionality takes time. The new Text Editor is built in GTK4 from scratch and brings some outstanding features, including built-in themes and light and dark mode. More features are expected to arrive in Text Editor in future. @@ -93,70 +89,60 @@ To be clear, Gedit doesn’t go away. It’s still there in the respective Linux You can read our exclusive piece on Gedit and GNOME Text Editor below. -[Features about GNOME Text Editor][8] +[Features about GNOME Text Editor][7] -[Why Gedit is the great text editor][9] +[Why Gedit is the great text editor][8] -#### 8\. A native screenshot tool +#### 8. A native screenshot tool One of the best features of the GNOME 42 release is the built-in screenshot and screen recording tool. You do not install any additional app for this. Your life will be easier with this tool, which takes care of the screenshot and screen recording with its nifty user interface when you press the `Print Screen` button. -In earlier releases, hitting the Print Screen takes the entire desktop screenshot and saves it. Now, you need to hit Enter key after pressing Print Screen from the keyboard.  +In earlier releases, hitting the Print Screen takes the entire desktop screenshot and saves it. Now, you need to hit Enter key after pressing Print Screen from the keyboard. -![GNOME 42 introduces new screenshot tool][10] +![GNOME 42 introduces new screenshot tool][9] -#### 9\. Stunning Wallpapers +#### 9. Stunning Wallpapers A set of awesome wallpapers is about to treat you and give your favourite GNOME 42 desktop a visual uplift. And the wallpapers also have a dark version, which is set automatically when you choose dark over light. -#### 10\. Other Changes +#### 10. Other Changes Some of the misc changes in the GNOME 42 release is the Eye of GNOME (image viewer) received a much-needed performance boost, Web browser GNOME Web now support hardware acceleration and user interface update in Maps. Also, a new Console application is a nice add on to this release which replaces GNOME Terminal. -So, that’s about significant changes. But many changes make GNOME 42 release is one of the biggest releases in its history.  +So, that’s about significant changes. But many changes make GNOME 42 release is one of the biggest releases in its history. ### How to get GNOME 42 -GNOME 42 releases on March 23, 2022, and you get to experience it via [GNOME OS][11] right away. +GNOME 42 [was released on March 23, 2022][10], and you get to experience it via [GNOME OS][11] right away. If you plan to get it via Linux Distribution, you have to wait for a little. [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][12] will feature GNOME 42 (partial), due April 2022. And [Fedora 36][13], which is expected in April as well. -If you are an Arch Linux user, GNOME 42 will arrive soon in the main extra repo. Keep a watch on [this page][14] or check your Arch system via the usual `pacman -Syu` command.  - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][15], [Twitter][16], [YouTube][17], and [Facebook][18] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read +If you are an Arch Linux user, GNOME 42 will arrive soon in the main extra repo. Keep a watch on [this page][14] or check your Arch system via the usual `pacman -Syu` command. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/gnome-42-release/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GNOME-42-Desktop-1024x563.jpg +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GNOME-42-Desktop.jpg [2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GNOME-42-Shell-updates.jpg [3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Revamped-OSD-and-menu-in-GNOME-42.jpg [4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/This-option-makes-it-folow-dar-and-light-theme-automatically.jpg -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Appearance-page-in-Settings-1024x708.jpg -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/08/10-things-to-do-after-installing-linux-mint-19-tara/ -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Files-with-new-color-folders-in-GNOME-42.jpg -[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/gnome-text-editor/ -[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/04/gedit-features/ -[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GNOME-42-introduces-new-screenshot-tool-1024x699.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Appearance-page-in-Settings.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Files-with-new-color-folders-in-GNOME-42.jpg +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/gnome-text-editor/ +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/04/gedit-features/ +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GNOME-42-introduces-new-screenshot-tool.jpg +[10]: https://release.gnome.org/42/ [11]: https://os.gnome.org/ [12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ [13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/fedora-36/ [14]: https://archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/gnome/ -[15]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[16]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[17]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[18]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220421 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 -With Bonus Tip.md b/sources/tech/20220421 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 [With Bonus Tip].md similarity index 64% rename from sources/tech/20220421 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 -With Bonus Tip.md rename to sources/tech/20220421 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 [With Bonus Tip].md index 90668716ad..6f8b58849b 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220421 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 -With Bonus Tip.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220421 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 [With Bonus Tip].md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 [With Bonus Tip]" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/10-things-to-do-ubuntu-22-04-after-install/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,20 +9,18 @@ 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 [With Bonus Tip] ====== -YOU MAY WANT TO TRY A SUMMARY OF 10 THINGS AFTER INSTALLING UBUNTU 22.04 -LTS “JAMMY JELLYFISH” (GNOME EDITION). +You may want to try a summary of 10 things after installing Ubuntu 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish” (GNOME Edition). + I am sure you are excited to experience the brand new Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and its shiny new features. If you have already installed or upgraded from the prior release, you may want to customise your system before you start using it. Although the customisations are subjective and vary with use cases. However, we give you 10 pointers that you can do after installing Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. I hope it helps. ### 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 -#### 1\. Update Your System +#### 1. Update Your System Firstly, you should do some housekeeping after installing Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. Before you begin using the new system and configuring it, ensure that it is up to date with the latest packages from the Ubuntu Jammy repo. So, open a terminal window and run the below commands. Or, open Software Updater from the search. ``` - - sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade - +sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade ``` ![Update your Ubuntu 22.04 LTS System][1] @@ -31,19 +29,19 @@ Software application takes some time to load for the first time; hence you must Finally, when everything completes, reboot your system to proceed. -#### 2\. Opt-In/Opt-Out from data collection and history settings +#### 2. Opt-In/Opt-Out from data collection and history settings Secondly, it’s essential to review the privacy settings before using the system. Because we are all concerned about our usage data, location tracking, etc. So, to check them, open Settings from search and go to Privacy. The items you should review are Location Services and File History usage in your system. Make sure to change them as per your need. ![Review the privacy settings][2] -#### 3\. Configure KB shortcuts +#### 3. Configure KB shortcuts To effectively use Ubuntu 22.04 system, keyboard shortcuts are essential. It helps your work faster. So, ideally, keyboard shortcuts are pre-configured, but you may want to change them based on your habits from `Settings > Keyboard > View and Customize Shortcuts`. ![Configure Keyboard shortcuts in Ubuntu 22.04][3] -#### 4\. Prepare for the backup +#### 4. Prepare for the backup If you plan to use the system for a longer duration, it is super important to create a system checkpoint just after installation. Because in the future, if something goes wrong, you can always revert to your system as a fresh install. @@ -51,105 +49,89 @@ Ubuntu 22.04 comes with the built-in backup tool – Backups. You can go ahead a However, we recommend you use the great backup and restore tool TImeshift. It has many additional options and is well documented for heavy usage. To install Timeshift, you can use software or the terminal commands mentioned below. +As of writing this post, this Timeshift PPA is yet to be updated for Jammy Jellyfish. So, I would recommend you wait for a couple of days to install it via PPA. You can also monitor PPA updates [here][4]. You can always use the built-in backup tool as mentioned above. + After installation, launch Timeshift and follow the on-screen instructions to create a system restore point. ``` - - sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppa - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install timeshift - +sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppasudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install timeshift ``` -#### 5\. Explore the New Features +#### 5. Explore the New Features Once you complete the above set of housekeepings, it’s time for you to explore the new features of Ubuntu 22.04. We covered the unique features of Ubuntu 22.04 and its flavours in detail in dedicated posts. You may want to check them out below. - * [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS – GNOME][4] - * [Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS][5] - * [Kubuntu 22.04 LTS][6] - * [Xubuntu 22.04 LTS][7] - * [Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS][8] - * [Lubuntu 22.04 LTS][9] - * [Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS][10] - * [Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS][11] - * [Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 – Differences][12] +* [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS – GNOME][5] +* [Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS][6] +* [Kubuntu 22.04 LTS][7] +* [Xubuntu 22.04 LTS][8] +* [Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS][9] +* [Lubuntu 22.04 LTS][10] +* [Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS][11] +* [Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS][12] +* [Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 – Differences][13] - - -#### 6\. Experience the first-ever Accent Colour in Ubuntu +#### 6. Experience the first-ever Accent Colour in Ubuntu In addition to the above items, you may find the new accent colour interesting in this release. This is one of the new features which was due for a long time. So, in the Appearance settings, you can find the selected colour options. You can choose your favourite colour and see the selection, the folder icon gradient changes with the colour. However, you can not select the custom colour at the moment. I am sure it will eventually come up in future releases. -![How Accent colour change impact looks in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][13] +![How Accent colour change impact looks in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][14] -#### 7\. Dark Mode and new controls +#### 7. Dark Mode and new controls Besides that accent colour, this release, alongside GNOME 42, brings new style changes, thanks to GTK4 and libadwaita adoption. With this change, the built-in dark mode can apply across the desktop and application that supports it. Also, the controls such as buttons, notifications, rounded corners, scroll bars, etc. all are more stylish and compact in this release. -[][12] - -SEE ALSO:   Difference Between Ubuntu 22.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS - All of these together make this release a beautiful one. -#### 8\. Install GNOME Extensions +#### 8. Install GNOME Extensions Additionally, you can take advantage of hundreds of excellent GNOME Extensions available. For example, you may want to customise the default Dock, Or, like a super cool blur effect, etc. – you can quickly achieve these using the extensions. We list here some of the exciting extensions you may want to try out after installing this release. - * [Blur My Shell][14] – get an exciting blur effect on the default shell - * [Floating Dock][15] – make your dock float wherever you want - * Dash to Dock: Enables you to control your Dash across the screen with various options. - * Caffeine: Enables you more productively. - * [Time ++][16]: Super handy extension to give you an alarm clock, stopwatch, time tracker, Pomodoro, and todo.txt manager – all together. - * [NetSpeed][17]: Show your internet download and upload speed in the system tray. - - +* [Blur My Shell][15] – get an exciting blur effect on the default shell +* [Floating Dock][16] – make your dock float wherever you want +* Dash to Dock: Enables you to control your Dash across the screen with various options. +* Caffeine: Enables you more productively. +* [Time ++][17]: Super handy extension to give you an alarm clock, stopwatch, time tracker, Pomodoro, and todo.txt manager – all together. +* [NetSpeed][18]: Show your internet download and upload speed in the system tray. Before installing the above extensions, open a terminal prompt and install the chrome-gnome-shell using the below command to enable extensions. ``` - - sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell - +sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell ``` -Then go to [https://extensions.gnome.org][18] and enable the extensions for Firefox. +Then go to [https://extensions.gnome.org][19] and enable the extensions for Firefox. -If you use the Snap version of Firefox, then the extension connectivity won’t work. So, uninstall the Firefox Snap version and use an alternate installation Or use a different browser (Such as Google Chrome, Chromium) that has a .deb version. Or, install the extension using the manual steps [outlined here in this article][19]. +If you use the Snap version of Firefox, then the extension connectivity won’t work. So, uninstall the Firefox Snap version and [use an alternate installation][20] Or use a different browser (Such as Google Chrome, Chromium) that has a .deb version. Or, install the extension using the manual steps [outlined here in this article][21]. -#### 9\. Configure Email Client +#### 9. Configure Email Client Moreover, a native desktop email client is always preferable over browser-based email access. Hence, I would recommend you configure Thunderbird with your email service provider. The setup is more straightforward and wizard-driven. It helps for offline and drafting work for heavy email users. -Alternatively, if you do not like Thunderbird, try to check out options – you can read our list of [top free native Linux desktop email clients list][20] and choose your favourite. +Alternatively, if you do not like Thunderbird, try to check out options – you can read our list of [top free native Linux desktop email clients list][22] and choose your favourite. -#### 10\. Install some additional packages and Software +#### 10. Install some additional packages and Software In addition to the above items, you should install some additional packages and software because Ubuntu doesn’t come with extra apps other than the native GNOME applications. We list here some of the important applications needed for basic desktop usage. You can install them using the Software application. - * GIMP – Advanced photo editor - * VLC – Media play that plays anything without the need for additional codecs - * Google Chrome – Browser for Google users. - * Leafpad – A lightweight text editor (even lightweight from default gedit) - * Synaptic – A far better package manager - - +* GIMP – Advanced photo editor +* VLC – Media play that plays anything without the need for additional codecs +* Google Chrome – Browser for Google users. +* Leafpad – A lightweight text editor (even lightweight from default gedit) +* Synaptic – A far better package manager Moreover, while installing Ubuntu, if you have not selected to install the restricted software to play audio and video media files, you can do it now. Because GNOME default Video player (Totem) can not play the basic mp4, etc. files without restricted software. So, to install them, open the terminal and run the below command to install. ``` - - sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras - +sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras ``` You can now play most video/audio files without any problem in Ubuntu. @@ -158,14 +140,12 @@ You can now play most video/audio files without any problem in Ubuntu. Finally, I recommend you set up Flatpak the first time after installing Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. Because over time, I am sure you would install many Flatpak applications. -To set up Flatpak, [visit this page][21] and follow the instructions. +To set up Flatpak, [visit this page][23] and follow the instructions. Once you complete the setup, I recommend installing the below two Flatpak apps. The Extension application helps you manage the GNOME Extensions installed in your system. Other than that, the Flatseal application helps you manage Flatpak applications’ permissions in a super friendly way. - * [Flatseal][22] – Manage Flatpak permissions - * [Extensions][23] – Manage GNOME extensions - - +* [Flatseal][24] – Manage Flatpak permissions +* [Extensions][25] – Manage GNOME extensions ### Summary @@ -173,47 +153,41 @@ Also, one of the crucial debatable things to do after installing Ubuntu 22.04 is That said, I hope this list gives you and new users of Ubuntu some idea about making a productive Ubuntu 22.04 LTS desktop. -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][24], [Twitter][25], [YouTube][26], and [Facebook][27] and never miss an update! - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/10-things-to-do-ubuntu-22-04-after-install/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Update-your-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS-System.jpg -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Review-the-privacy-settings-1024x446.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Review-the-privacy-settings.jpg [3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Configure-Keyboard-shortcuts-in-Ubuntu-22.04.jpg -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-mate-22-04-lts/ -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/ -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/xubuntu-22-04-lts/ -[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-lts/ -[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/lubuntu-22-04-lts/ -[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-kylin-22-04-lts/ -[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-studio-22-04-lts/ -[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/difference-ubuntu-22-04-20-04/ -[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/How-Accent-colour-change-impact-looks-in-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.jpg -[14]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3193/blur-my-shell/ -[15]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3730/floating-dock/ -[16]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1238/time/ -[17]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/104/netspeed/ -[18]: https://extensions.gnome.org/ -[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/10/manual-installation-gnome-extension/ -[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2019/06/best-email-client-linux-windows/ -[21]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ -[22]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.github.tchx84.Flatseal -[23]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.gnome.Extensions -[24]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[25]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[26]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[27]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint +[4]: https://launchpad.net/~teejee2008/+archive/ubuntu/timeshift/+packages +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-mate-22-04-lts/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/xubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-lts/ +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/lubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-kylin-22-04-lts/ +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-studio-22-04-lts/ +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/difference-ubuntu-22-04-20-04/ +[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/How-Accent-colour-change-impact-looks-in-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.jpg +[15]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3193/blur-my-shell/ +[16]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3730/floating-dock/ +[17]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1238/time/ +[18]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/104/netspeed/ +[19]: https://extensions.gnome.org/ +[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/09/remove-firefox-snap-ubuntu/ +[21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/10/manual-installation-gnome-extension/ +[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2019/06/best-email-client-linux-windows/ +[23]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[24]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.github.tchx84.Flatseal +[25]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.gnome.Extensions diff --git a/sources/tech/20220427 5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220427 5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux.md index 21c1d245e2..5b91a032d3 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220427 5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220427 5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/mastodon-clients-linux/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ 5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux ====== -ARE YOU PLANNING TO LEAVE TWITTER AND JOIN MASTODON? USE THESE FREE AND -OPEN-SOURCE MASTODON CLIENTS FOR YOUR LINUX DESKTOP. +Are you planning to leave Twitter and join Mastodon? Use these free and open-source Mastodon clients for your Linux desktop. + [Mastodon][1] is a free and open-source microblogging platform similar to Twitter. It is designed as a decentralised platform that can communicate with other Fediverse protocols such as GNU Social and Pleroma. With the recent news stories about Twitter, many users are trying Mastodon and migrating to the platform. With that in mind, we give you a list of free Mastodon clients for Linux desktops as well as Windows and macOS in this post. ### Top 5 Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions -#### 1\. Tootle +#### 1. Tootle Perhaps the best on this list is the GNOME App Tootle. Tootle is a super-fast Mastodon client for Linux desktops written in GTK. It comes with a clean and native interface that you can use while using Mastodon. With this app, you can easily browse posts, view feeds, have a customised home page and follow accounts. In addition to that, dedicated tabs gives you options to quickly jump between your home page, notifications, mentions and federated feed. @@ -29,29 +29,27 @@ The easiest way to install Tootle is using Flatpak in any Linux distribution. Se [Install Tootle][5] - * [Source Code][6] - * [Home page][7] +**More information about Tootle** +* [Source Code][6] +* [Home page][7] - -#### 2\. Tokodon +#### 2. Tokodon The Tokodon is another Mastodon client which brings a little different user interface to access this social platform. Its part of KDE Applications and built primarily using C++. It gives you an excellent clean user interface with a basic home page view. On top of that, you can browse local accounts to your mastodon server and the global ones. The bottom navigation gives easy access to all the Mastodon sections. ![Tokodon Mastodon Client for Linux][8] -The easiest way to install Tokodon is using Flatpak in any Linux distribution. Setup your system using this [guide for Flatpa][4]k (if not done yet) and hit the below link to install. +The easiest way to install Tokodon is using Flatpak in any Linux distribution. Setup your system using this [guide for Flatpa][9]k (if not done yet) and hit the below link to install. -[Install Tokodon via Flathub][9] +[Install Tokodon via Flathub][10] -**Tokodon** +**More information about** **Tokodon** - * [Source code][10] - * [Home page][11] +* [Source code][11] +* [Home page][12] - - -#### 3\. Sengi +#### 3. Sengi Among this list, Sengi is most likely the versatile Mastodon client for Linux desktops. It comes with usual features such as notification, account view and follows features. On top of that, it brings Tweetdeck styled live interface with the timeline. @@ -59,21 +57,17 @@ Sengi is perfect for heavy Mastodon users who want to manage multiple accounts a Furthermore, you should note that it is designed with web technology and packaged as desktop applications. Finally, it is available for Linux, macOS and Windows as well. -![Sengi Mastodon Client | Image Credit: Sengi][12] +![Sengi Mastodon Client | Image Credit: Sengi][13] Finally, installing Sengi is very easy because the developer provides all types of executables, including native deb and AppImage. You can grab the .deb or .appimage file from the below link in addition to the windows and Mac executables. -[Download Sengi][13] +[Download Sengi][14] - * [Source code][14] +**More information about Sengi** +* [Source code][15] - -[][15] - -SEE ALSO:   10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 4] - -#### 4\. Whalebird +#### 4. Whalebird Whalebird is another free and open-source Mastodon client built using Electron. Moreover, this web-based application is feature-rich and is the most stable Mastodon client. Using Whalebird, you can manage multiple accounts and monitor multiple timelines. In addition to that, you can also create a custom timeline to follow your favourite hashtags with a simple chronological workspace view. @@ -83,11 +77,11 @@ Finally, installing Whalebird is easy because it comes with an AppImage executab [Download Whalebird][17] - * [Source code][18] +**More information about Whalebird** +* [Source code][18] - -#### 5\. TheDesk +#### 5. TheDesk The fifth Mastodon client for Linux and other OSes we would like to feature is TheDesk. It is perhaps the most feature-rich client with a vast list of features. Its workflow is similar to Hootsuite and Tweetdeck for heavy social media monitoring and usage. You can customise it to follow a particular user, hashtags with options to create multiple timeline views. @@ -95,12 +89,10 @@ But it might not be a stable client and may contain bugs. But you can still try Installing is made easy by its developer with app image, deb, snap and exe files available on GitHub for its releases. You can grab them here. -Download TheDesk - - * [Source code][19] - * [Home page][20] - +**More information about TheDesk** +* [Source code][19] +* [Home page][20] ### Other Options to access Mastodon @@ -108,38 +100,33 @@ Download TheDesk If you are reluctant to install another app, you can use the web version of your choice or favourite pod. You can register for a new account using the below link and connect via the web. - +[https://joinmastodon.org/][21] #### Tusky -Finally, if you are an Android mobile phone user, you can try Tusky. It is a fine and superfast Mastodon client available for Android with many features. You can [download it from Google Play Store here][21]. You can also [get the F-Droid version][22] of this app for Linux Phones. +Finally, if you are an Android mobile phone user, you can try Tusky. It is a fine and superfast Mastodon client available for Android with many features. You can [download it from Google Play Store here][22]. You can also [get the F-Droid version][23] of this app for Linux Phones. ### Closing Notes Wrapping up the list of Mastodon clients for Linux, I hope you get to choose your favourite for your Linux distribution or mobile from the above list. Also, you can always use the Mastodon web for easy access. -**Finally, don’t forget to follow us on our official Mastodon page using the link below.** +Finally, don’t forget to follow us on our official Mastodon page using the link below. - * - - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][23], [Twitter][24], [YouTube][25], and [Facebook][26] and never miss an update! +* [][24] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/mastodon-clients-linux/ 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://joinmastodon.org/ [2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/best-gnome-apps-part-5/ [3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Tootle.jpg @@ -148,21 +135,19 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/mastodon-clients-linux/ [6]: https://github.com/bleakgrey/tootle [7]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.github.bleakgrey.tootle/ [8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Tokodon-Mastodon-Client-for-Linux.jpg -[9]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.kde.tokodon.flatpakref -[10]: https://invent.kde.org/network/tokodon -[11]: https://apps.kde.org/tokodon/ -[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Sengi-Mastodon-Client.jpg -[13]: https://github.com/NicolasConstant/sengi/releases -[14]: https://nicolasconstant.github.io/sengi/ -[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/best-gnome-apps-part-4/ -[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Whalebird-Mastodon-Client-1024x642.jpg +[9]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[10]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.kde.tokodon.flatpakref +[11]: https://invent.kde.org/network/tokodon +[12]: https://apps.kde.org/tokodon/ +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Sengi-Mastodon-Client.jpg +[14]: https://github.com/NicolasConstant/sengi/releases +[15]: https://nicolasconstant.github.io/sengi/ +[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Whalebird-Mastodon-Client.jpg [17]: https://github.com/h3poteto/whalebird-desktop/releases [18]: https://github.com/h3poteto/whalebird-desktop [19]: https://github.com/cutls/TheDesk [20]: https://thedesk.top/en/ -[21]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.keylesspalace.tusky&hl=en_IN&gl=US -[22]: https://tusky.app/ -[23]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[24]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[25]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[26]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint +[21]: https://joinmastodon.org/ +[22]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.keylesspalace.tusky&hl=en_IN&gl=US +[23]: https://tusky.app/ +[24]: https://floss.social/@debugpoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220216 dahliaOS - A Unique Linux Distribution Based on Google Fuchsia -First Look.md b/sources/tech/20220502 dahliaOS – A Unique Linux Distribution Based on Google Fuchsia [First Look].md similarity index 74% rename from sources/tech/20220216 dahliaOS - A Unique Linux Distribution Based on Google Fuchsia -First Look.md rename to sources/tech/20220502 dahliaOS – A Unique Linux Distribution Based on Google Fuchsia [First Look].md index 2a8c059fe6..17b1bc5584 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220216 dahliaOS - A Unique Linux Distribution Based on Google Fuchsia -First Look.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220502 dahliaOS – A Unique Linux Distribution Based on Google Fuchsia [First Look].md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "dahliaOS – A Unique Linux Distribution Based on Google Fuchsia [First Look]" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/dahlia-os-alpha/" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/dahlia-os-alpha" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ dahliaOS – A Unique Linux Distribution Based on Google Fuchsia [First Look] ====== -OUR FIRST LOOK AT THE DAHLIAOS ALPHA VERSION, BASED ON GOOGLE’S FUCHSIA -OPERATING SYSTEM. +Our first look at the dahliaOS Alpha version, based on Google’s Fuchsia operating system. + The [dahliaOS][1] is a unique distribution and a “fork” of the Google [Fuchsia][2] operating system that runs on mainline Linux Kernel and [Zircon Kernel][3]. The Zircon kernel is a newly designed kernel developed by Google for its own set of projects and devices. The parent OS Fuchsia is designed to work on any hardware, including car dashboards to PCs. That said, the dahliaOS is a new promising operating system (or should I say a new Linux Distribution?) which brings a new era of desktop computing experience to traditional Linux distributions. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ In addition to those, the Pangolin Shell interacts with X.Org and Flutter. While However, the X.Org display server communicates with userspace and the userspace talks to Linux Kernel. The overall architecture is explained below image (credit: dahliaOS team). -![dahlisOS Architecture][4] +![dahlisOS Architecture][6] #### The Pangolin Desktop @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ The design is pretty standard with a bottom main panel with an application menu The application menu launches full screen, and it’s unique. At the top, you get a global search bar which searches your entire desktop and web. In the middle, an icon-based application grid gives you access to all the installed packages in your system. One of the unique aspects of this menu is an additional menu bar that shows the application categories in this fullscreen view. -![Full-screen application view][4] +![Full-screen application view][7] Finally, a small section shows shortcuts to the power menu, system settings, and user profile at the bottom. @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Not only that, the bottom panel does not overlay with the fullscreen application But that’s not all. My favourite is the system tray pop-up menu which summarizes the system state with toggle switches to turn on or off several settings. See for yourself in the below image. -![System Tray][4] +![System Tray][8] It’s a fine work of user interface design that brings all these options together without the feeling of clumsiness. @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Moreover, the different search options and a nice workspace view give this deskt Firstly, I want to discuss how well the Settings window is designed. Settings application gives you access to all tweaks for dahliaOS. This responsive application (adapts to the screen size), offers an array of options on the left panel with its details on the right. -![Settings Window][4] +![Settings Window][9] Network, Customizations, Connected devices, and notifications are some of the critical settings that you can find. However, being an alpha copy, some are still under development. @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ In addition, dahliaOS comes with built-in dark and light mode with an option to Finally, a file manager, photo viewer, terminal and calculator – all developed in Flutter give a different feel if you are an avid Linux user. -![dahliaOS Running Apps][4] +![dahliaOS Running Apps][10] Installing software is a little different as dahliaOS manages all of them via Web App. @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ I am not sure whether dahliaOS would allow the installation of native Linux pack Overall, the performance is speedy, and the resource consumption metric is good. In a virtual machine environment, dahliaOS consumes about 330MB of memory. But CPU is surprisingly little higher in my opinion, which hovers around 10 % to 13% range. The Pangolin desktop consumes most of the resources, followed by the X.Org. -![dahliaOS ALPHA System Performance][4] +![dahliaOS ALPHA System Performance][11] Finally, you might feel some strange desktop behaviour related to in-focus and out of focus situations in applications – perhaps due to FLutter. Sometimes, the focus is not registered even if you select a window via mouse. It might well be a bug. @@ -87,69 +87,41 @@ Finally, you might feel some strange desktop behaviour related to in-focus and o Here’s a quick walkthrough of dahliaOS, which I recorded for our readers to give you some idea before you try. +![dahliaOS A Unique Linux Distribution Based on Google Fuchsia First Look][12] + ### Closing Notes To wrap up, I think it is one of the promising Linux distributions in the making, which takes a different path than traditional forks. We will keep a close watch on this project and give you updates here. -If you want to learn more, contribute, visit the official website for more [details][6] ([source][7]). Finally, if you are planning to install or try, visit this [page][8]. - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][9], [Twitter][10], [YouTube][11], and [Facebook][12] and never miss an update! - -#### Share this: - - * [Twitter][13] - - * [Facebook][14] - - * [Print][15] - - * [LinkedIn][16] - - * [Reddit][17] - - * [Telegram][18] - - * [WhatsApp][19] - - * [Email][20] - - * - +If you want to learn more, contribute, visit the official website for more [details][13] ([source][14]). Finally, if you are planning to install or try, visit this [page][15]. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/dahlia-os-alpha/ +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/dahlia-os-alpha 作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://dahliaos.io/ [2]: https://fuchsia.dev/ [3]: https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-src/concepts/kernel -[4]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dahliaOS-Alpha-Desktop.jpg [5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/linux-kernel-5-17/ -[6]: https://docs.dahliaos.io/ -[7]: https://github.com/dahliaOS/ -[8]: https://docs.dahliaos.io/install/efi -[9]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[10]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[11]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[12]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint -[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/dahlia-os-alpha/?share=twitter (Click to share on Twitter) -[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/dahlia-os-alpha/?share=facebook (Click to share on Facebook) -[15]: tmp.6E0Ad93KWV#print (Click to print) -[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/dahlia-os-alpha/?share=linkedin (Click to share on LinkedIn) -[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/dahlia-os-alpha/?share=reddit (Click to share on Reddit) -[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/dahlia-os-alpha/?share=telegram (Click to share on Telegram) -[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/dahlia-os-alpha/?share=jetpack-whatsapp (Click to share on WhatsApp) -[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/dahlia-os-alpha/?share=email (Click to email this to a friend) +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dahlisOS-Architecture.png +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Full-screen-application-view.jpg +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/System-Tray.jpg +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Settings-Window.jpg +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dahliaOS-Running-Apps.jpg +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dahliaOS-ALPHA-System-Performance.jpg +[12]: https://youtu.be/Cy8iDOkMp9s +[13]: https://docs.dahliaos.io/ +[14]: https://github.com/dahliaOS/ +[15]: https://docs.dahliaos.io/install/efi diff --git a/sources/tech/20220510 How to Upgrade to Fedora 36 from Fedora 35 Workstation (GUI and CLI Method).md b/sources/tech/20220510 How to Upgrade to Fedora 36 from Fedora 35 Workstation (GUI and CLI Method).md index 64da1677b9..e4f1301cac 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220510 How to Upgrade to Fedora 36 from Fedora 35 Workstation (GUI and CLI Method).md +++ b/sources/tech/20220510 How to Upgrade to Fedora 36 from Fedora 35 Workstation (GUI and CLI Method).md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "How to Upgrade to Fedora 36 from Fedora 35 Workstation (GUI and CLI Method)" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/upgrade-fedora-36-from-fedora-35/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ How to Upgrade to Fedora 36 from Fedora 35 Workstation (GUI and CLI Method) ====== -COMPLETE STEPS TO UPGRADE TO FEDORA 36 FROM FEDORA 35 WORKSTATION -EDITION WITH GUI AND CLI METHOD. +Complete steps to upgrade to fedora 36 from fedora 35 workstation edition with gui and cli method. Fedora 36 brings several important features such as the beautiful GNOME 42, Linux Kernel 5.17, default font changes and many stunning features. Moreover, Fedora 36 also brings Wayland display server as the default NVIDIA proprietary driver. Plus several other significant changes that Fedora 36 brings, which you can read here in our [top 10 feature coverage][1]. From 2dc80e640d0b798d46966de8fa73c72afc35eb5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 01:11:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 097/333] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=80=85=20->=20lujun9972?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...form Your Arch Installation with Stunning XMonad WM Setup.md | 2 +- ...220308 Top Nitrux Applications (Maui) Everyone Should Try.md | 2 +- ...Fedora 36 from Fedora 35 Workstation (GUI and CLI Method).md | 2 +- 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220220 Transform Your Arch Installation with Stunning XMonad WM Setup.md b/sources/tech/20220220 Transform Your Arch Installation with Stunning XMonad WM Setup.md index 5848309328..5a115c4278 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220220 Transform Your Arch Installation with Stunning XMonad WM Setup.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220220 Transform Your Arch Installation with Stunning XMonad WM Setup.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "Transform Your Arch Installation with Stunning XMonad WM Setup" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/xmonad-arch-linux-setup/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " diff --git a/sources/tech/20220308 Top Nitrux Applications (Maui) Everyone Should Try.md b/sources/tech/20220308 Top Nitrux Applications (Maui) Everyone Should Try.md index 3a16e7978c..7e284505ee 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220308 Top Nitrux Applications (Maui) Everyone Should Try.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220308 Top Nitrux Applications (Maui) Everyone Should Try.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "Top Nitrux Applications (Maui) Everyone Should Try" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/top-nitrux-maui-applications/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " diff --git a/sources/tech/20220510 How to Upgrade to Fedora 36 from Fedora 35 Workstation (GUI and CLI Method).md b/sources/tech/20220510 How to Upgrade to Fedora 36 from Fedora 35 Workstation (GUI and CLI Method).md index e4f1301cac..b76c19242f 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220510 How to Upgrade to Fedora 36 from Fedora 35 Workstation (GUI and CLI Method).md +++ b/sources/tech/20220510 How to Upgrade to Fedora 36 from Fedora 35 Workstation (GUI and CLI Method).md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "How to Upgrade to Fedora 36 from Fedora 35 Workstation (GUI and CLI Method)" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/upgrade-fedora-36-from-fedora-35/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " From 7ac6ff7e88accdad704fff2bd930bf9f84a7de09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 08:17:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 098/333] RP @lkxed https://linux.cn/article-14615-1.html --- ...tor Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md | 13 +++++++------ 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md (93%) diff --git a/translated/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md b/published/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md similarity index 93% rename from translated/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md rename to published/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md index 4119f0bc7b..3fa4fa0560 100644 --- a/translated/news/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md +++ b/published/20220517 Adobe Illustrator Alternative Inkscape Releases Version 1.2.md @@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14615-1.html" Adobe Illustrator 的替代品 Inkscape 发布了 1.2 版本 ====== -Inkscape 1.2 是一个激动人心的更新，包含许多有用的改进和新增功能。试一试吧！ + +> Inkscape 1.2 是一个激动人心的更新，包含许多有用的改进和新增功能。试一试吧！ ![Inkscape][1] @@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ Inkscape 1.2 是一个激动人心的更新，它包含了许多有用的增强 你可以从它的官方网站下载 AppImage 格式的 Inkscape 1.2 软件包，或查看其他适用于 Windows/macOS 平台的可用软件包。 -[Inkscape 1.2][8] +> **[Inkscape 1.2][8]** -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ via: https://news.itsfoss.com/inkscape-1-2-release/ 作者：[Ankush Das][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 7646a2eead83905e4da2643cb74b0c9ced395d4c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 08:43:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 099/333] translated --- ...How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md | 99 ------------------- ...How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md | 99 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 99 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md b/sources/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md deleted file mode 100644 index a35bd008ad..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,99 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36" -[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/reset-root-password-in-fedora/" -[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36 -====== -Reset Forgotten Root Password In Fedora - -Have you forgotten the root password in Fedora? Or do you want to change the root user password in your Fedora system? No problem! This brief guide walks you through the steps to change or reset root password in Fedora operating systems. - -**Note:** This guide has been officially tested on Fedora 36 and 35 versions. The steps provided below are same for resetting root password in Fedora Silverblue and older Fedora versions. - -**Step 1** - Switch on your Fedora system and press **ESC** key until you see the GRUB boot menu. Once the GRUB menu is appeared, choose the Kernel you want to boot and hit **e** to edit the selected boot entry. - -![Grub Menu In Fedora 36][1] - -**Step 2** - In the next screen, you will see all boot parameters. Find the parameter named **ro**. - -![Find ro Kernel Parameter In Grub Entry][2] - -**Step 3** - Replace the **'ro'** parameter with **'rw init=/sysroot/bin/sh'**(without quotes, of course). Please mind the space between `"rw"` and "`init=/sysroot`...". After modifying it, the kernel parameter line should look like below. - -![Modify Kernel Parameters][3] - -**Step 4** - After changing the parameters as shown above, press **Ctrl+x** to enter into the emergency mode i.e. single user mode. - -From the emergency mode, enter the following command to mount root (`/` ) file system in read/write mode. - -``` -chroot /sysroot/ -``` - -![Mount Root Filesystem In Read, Write Mode In Fedora Linux][4] - -**Step 5** - Now change the root password with `passwd` command: - -``` -passwd root -``` - -Enter the root password twice. I suggest you to use a strong password. - -![Reset Or Change Root Password In Fedora][5] - -**Step 6** - After resetting the root password, run the following command to enable SELinux relabeling on reboot : - -``` -touch /.autorelabel -``` - -![Enable SELinux Relabeling On Reboot In Fedora][6] - -**Step 7** - Finally, exit the single user mode and reboot the Fedora system to normal mode by running the following command: - -``` -exit -``` - -``` -reboot -``` - -Wait for SELinux relabeling process to complete. It will take a few minutes depending upon the filesystem's size and speed of your hard drive. - -![SELinux Filesystem Relabeling In Progress][7] - -**Step 8** - After the filesystem relabeling is completed, you can log in to your Fedora system with new root password. - -![Login To Fedora As Root User][8] - -As you can see, the steps to reset root password in Fedora 36 is fairly easy and exactly same as **[resetting root password in RHEL][9]** and its clones like CentOS, AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://ostechnix.com/reset-root-password-in-fedora/ - -作者：[sk][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Grub-Menu-In-Fedora-36.png -[2]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Find-ro-Kernel-Parameter-In-Grub-Entry.png -[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Modify-Kernel-Parameters.png -[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Mount-Root-Filesystem-In-Read-Write-Mode-In-Fedora-Linux.png -[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Reset-Or-Change-Root-Password-In-Fedora.png -[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Enable-SELinux-Relabeling-On-Reboot-In-Fedora.png -[7]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/SELinux-filesystem-relabeling-in-progress.png -[8]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Login-To-Fedora-As-Root-User.png -[9]: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-reset-root-user-password-in-centos-8-rhel-8/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md b/translated/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..03c5521633 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220516 How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +[#]: subject: "How To Reset Root Password In Fedora 36" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/reset-root-password-in-fedora/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +如何在 Fedora 36 中重置 Root 密码 +====== +在 Fedora 中重置忘记的根密码。 + +你是否忘记了 Fedora 中的 root 密码？或者您想更改 Fedora 系统中的 root 用户密码？没问题！本简要指南将引导你完成在 Fedora 操作系统中更改或重置 root 密码的步骤。 + +**注意：** 本指南已在 Fedora 36 和 35 版本上进行了正式测试。下面提供的步骤与在 Fedora Silverblue 和旧 Fedora 版本中重置 root 密码的步骤相同。 + +**步骤 1** - 打开 Fedora 系统并按 **ESC** 键，直到看到 GRUB 启动菜单。出现 GRUB 菜单后，选择要引导的内核并点击 **e** 以编辑选定的引导条目。 + +![Grub Menu In Fedora 36][1] + +**步骤 2** - 在下一个页面中，你将看到所有启动参数。找到名为 **ro** 的参数。 + +![Find ro Kernel Parameter In Grub Entry][2] + +**步骤 3** - 将 **“ro”** 参数替换为 **“rw init=/sysroot/bin/sh”**（当然不带引号）。请注意 “`rw`” 和 “`init=/sysroot`...” 之间的空格。修改后，内核参数行应如下所示。 + +![Modify Kernel Parameters][3] + +**步骤 4** - 如上更改参数后，按 **Ctrl+x** 进入紧急模式，即单用户模式。 + +在紧急模式下，输入以下命令以读/写模式挂载根（`/`）文件系统。 + +``` +chroot /sysroot/ +``` + +![Mount Root Filesystem In Read, Write Mode In Fedora Linux][4] + +**步骤 5** - 现在使用 `passwd` 命令更改 root 密码： + +``` +passwd root +``` + +输入两次 root 密码。我建议你使用强密码。 + +![Reset Or Change Root Password In Fedora][5] + +**步骤 6** - 重置 root 密码后，运行以下命令在重启时启用 SELinux 重新标记： + +``` +touch /.autorelabel +``` + +![Enable SELinux Relabeling On Reboot In Fedora][6] + +**步骤 7** - 最后，退出单用户模式并通过运行以下命令将 Fedora 系统重启到正常模式： + +``` +exit +``` + +``` +reboot +``` + +等待 SELinux 重新标记完成。这将需要几分钟，具体取决于文件系统的大小和硬盘的速度。 + +![SELinux Filesystem Relabeling In Progress][7] + +**步骤 8** - 文件系统重新标记完成后，你可以使用新的 root 密码登录到你的 Fedora 系统。 + +![Login To Fedora As Root User][8] + +如你所见，在 Fedora 36 中重置 root 密码的步骤非常简单，并且与**[在 RHEL 中重置 root 密码][9]**及其克隆版本（如 CentOS、AlmaLinux 和 Rocky Linux）完全相同。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/reset-root-password-in-fedora/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Grub-Menu-In-Fedora-36.png +[2]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Find-ro-Kernel-Parameter-In-Grub-Entry.png +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Modify-Kernel-Parameters.png +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Mount-Root-Filesystem-In-Read-Write-Mode-In-Fedora-Linux.png +[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Reset-Or-Change-Root-Password-In-Fedora.png +[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Enable-SELinux-Relabeling-On-Reboot-In-Fedora.png +[7]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/SELinux-filesystem-relabeling-in-progress.png +[8]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Login-To-Fedora-As-Root-User.png +[9]: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-reset-root-user-password-in-centos-8-rhel-8/ From dcc69282912be88c70892c4f532e2f7a3f46758a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 08:48:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 100/333] translating --- .../20220519 Use this open source screen reader on Windows.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220519 Use this open source screen reader on Windows.md b/sources/tech/20220519 Use this open source screen reader on Windows.md index 2440e27da0..1affbcbc0b 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220519 Use this open source screen reader on Windows.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220519 Use this open source screen reader on Windows.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/open-source-screen-reader-windows-nvda" [#]: author: "Peter Cheer https://opensource.com/users/petercheer" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 4af8f6a35138281108c584b968279acf7ce2dc26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 10:47:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 101/333] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14616-1.html --- ...er for Linux with Multi-Monitor Support.md | 30 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220510 HydraPaper- A Wallpaper Manager for Linux with Multi-Monitor Support.md (73%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220510 HydraPaper- A Wallpaper Manager for Linux with Multi-Monitor Support.md b/published/20220510 HydraPaper- A Wallpaper Manager for Linux with Multi-Monitor Support.md similarity index 73% rename from translated/tech/20220510 HydraPaper- A Wallpaper Manager for Linux with Multi-Monitor Support.md rename to published/20220510 HydraPaper- A Wallpaper Manager for Linux with Multi-Monitor Support.md index 0a529b5a6d..0064753065 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220510 HydraPaper- A Wallpaper Manager for Linux with Multi-Monitor Support.md +++ b/published/20220510 HydraPaper- A Wallpaper Manager for Linux with Multi-Monitor Support.md @@ -3,21 +3,22 @@ [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14616-1.html" HydraPaper：一个支持多显示器的 Linux 壁纸管理器 ====== -简介：HydraPaper 是一个令人印象深刻的壁纸管理器，适用于 Linux 用户，也支持多显示器设置。让我们仔细看一下。 -默认情况下，你可以根据你的 Linux 发行版上的桌面环境来设置壁纸。 +> HydraPaper 是一个令人印象深刻的壁纸管理器，适用于 Linux 用户，也支持多显示器设置。让我们仔细看一下。 -而且，当试图在可用的选择中添加一个自定义的壁纸集文件夹时，往往会受到限制。此外，当涉及到多显示器设置时，你无法在发行版中选择单独的壁纸。因此，你需要去寻找一个图形用户界面（GUI）程序，让你做到这一点。 +一般而言，你要为你的 Linux 发行版上的每个桌面环境分别设置壁纸。 + +而且，当试图将一个自定义的壁纸集文件夹添加到可选的壁纸范围时，往往会受到限制。此外，遇到多显示器环境时，你无法在你的发行版中为其单独选择壁纸。因此，你需要去寻找一个图形用户界面（GUI）程序来完成这些操作。 幸运的是，我偶然发现了一个让 Linux 用户印象深刻的选择，即 **HydraPaper**。 -### HydraPaper：可以 CLI 访问的开源墙纸管理器 +### HydraPaper：带有 CLI 接口的开源墙纸管理器 ![hydrapaper wallpaper manager][1] @@ -29,24 +30,23 @@ HydraPaper 是一个使用 Python 3 和 GTK 构建的相当有用的壁纸管理 ![hydrapaper favorites][2] -它看起来是一个直接的解决方案，有一些简单的功能。让我提一下下面的主要亮点。 +它看起来是一个直接的解决方案，有一些简单的功能。让我介绍一下如下的主要亮点。 ### HydraPaper 的特点 ![hydrapaper folders][3] -HydraPaper 让你添加你的自定义壁纸集，组织/选择你想要的文件夹，并方便地挑选壁纸。 +HydraPaper 可以让你添加自定义壁纸集，组织/选择你想要的文件夹，并方便地挑选壁纸。 一些基本的特性包括： - * 管理文件夹集合（根据需要一键切换它们）。 * 挑选喜欢的壁纸，并将它们添加到你的最爱集合。 -* 按照你的喜好定位墙纸（缩放，适合黑色背景/模糊，居中等）。 -* 能够从你的收藏中快速设置一个随机壁纸，如果这是你决定的方式。 +* 按照你的喜好定位墙纸（缩放、适合黑色背景/模糊、居中等）。 +* 能够从你的收藏中快速设置一个随机壁纸，如果你想这么做的话。 * 用深色模式自定义壁纸管理器的体验，选择单独保存壁纸，清除缓存，等等。 * 支持 CLI。 -* 单一跨度壁纸模式适用于多显示器。 +* 单跨壁纸模式适用于多显示器。 ![single span mode][4] @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ HydraPaper 让你添加你的自定义壁纸集，组织/选择你想要的文 ### 在 Linux 中安装 HydraPaper -你可以在 Flathub 上找到 HydraPaper 的 [Flatpak 包][6]，它适合每一个 Linux 发行版。如果你是第一次设置对 Flatpak 的支持，你可以参考我们的 [Flatpak 指南][7]。 +你可以在 Flathub 上找到 HydraPaper 的 [Flatpak 包][6]，它适合各种 Linux 发行版。如果你是第一次设置对 Flatpak 的支持，你可以参考我们的 [Flatpak 指南][7]。 你也可以在 Arch Linux 发行版的 AUR、Fedora 的仓库，以及 Debian（unstable）中找到它。 @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/hydrapaper/ 作者：[Ankush Das][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From a6f6cd2f5834f18a42769c4ecad8f16218a4ca12 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 11:23:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 102/333] RP @lkxed https://linux.cn/article-14617-1.html --- ...Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md | 44 ++++++------------- 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md (86%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md b/published/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md similarity index 86% rename from translated/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md rename to published/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md index b7cc7baa1d..f97fdccf01 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md +++ b/published/20220519 How To Enable Activate Linux Watermark Notification In Linux Desktop.md @@ -3,13 +3,16 @@ [#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14617-1.html" 如何在 Linux 桌面中启用 “激活 Linux” 水印通知 ====== -“激活 Windows” 水印已移植到 Linux。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202205/20/112226f7zmsvqqvt9tln9n.jpg) + +> “激活 Windows” 水印已移植到 Linux。 为了阻止 Windows 操作系统的盗版行为，微软开发团队想出了一个办法：在 Windows 的角落放置一个激活水印，直到用户合法购买许可证并激活它。 @@ -17,12 +20,11 @@ ![“激活 Windows” 通知][1] -幸运的是，Linux 用户永远不会收到这样的通知。因为 GNU/Linux 是一个完全免费的开源操作系统，在 GNU 通用公共许可证 (GPL) 下发布。 +幸运的是，Linux 用户永远不会收到这样的通知。因为 GNU/Linux 是一个完全免费的开源操作系统，在 GNU 通用公共许可证（GPL）下发布。 任何人都可以运行、研究、修改和重新分发 Linux 源代码，甚至可以出售修改后的代码的副本，只要使用相同的许可即可。 -（to 老王：我感觉这句话很奇怪……） -Linux 是开源的，所以你真的可以用 Linux 做任何事情，而你不能用专有操作系统做任何事情。 +Linux 是开源的，所以你真的可以用 Linux 做任何你在专有操作系统上不能做的事情。 你可以在 Linux 中做很多事情。你可以在 Linux 下构建和运行*几乎*任何东西，无论是有趣的项目还是企业级应用程序。甚至，你还可以添加 “激活 Linux” 水印。 @@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ activate-linux 项目在短时间内变得非常流行。几天之内，它已 #### Arch Linux -[AUR][2] 已经收录 Activate-linux。因此，你可以使用 [Paru][3] 或 [Yay][4] 在 Arch Linux 及其衍生版 EndeavourOS 和 Manjaro Linux 中安装 activate-linux 应用程序。 +[AUR][2] 已经收录 activate-linux。因此，你可以使用 [Paru][3] 或 [Yay][4] 在 Arch Linux 及其衍生版 EndeavourOS 和 Manjaro Linux 中安装 activate-linux 应用程序。 ``` $ paru -S activate-linux @@ -60,43 +62,25 @@ $ yay -S activate-linux ``` $ sudo zypper addrepo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:WoMspace/openSUSE_Tumbleweed/home:WoMspace.repo -``` - -``` $ sudo zypper refresh -``` - -``` $ sudo zypper install activate-linux ``` -For openSUSE Factory ARM, run the following: +对于 openSUSE Factory ARM 版，运行如下命令： ``` $ sudo zypper addrepo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:WoMspace/openSUSE_Factory_ARM/home:WoMspace.repo -``` - -``` $ sudo zypper refresh -``` - -``` $ sudo zypper install activate-linux ``` #### Ubuntu -Activate-linux 有一个适用于 Ubuntu 及其衍生版（如 Pop!_OS）的 PPA。 +activate-linux 有一个适用于 Ubuntu 及其衍生版（如 Pop!_OS）的 PPA。 ``` $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:edd/misc -``` - -``` $ sudo apt update -``` - -``` $ sudo apt install activate-linux ``` @@ -110,7 +94,7 @@ $ activate-linux ![桌面上的 “激活 Linux” 水印][6] -别紧张！它是无害的。若想取消显示，你可以返回终端并按 **CTRL+C** 终止 activate-linux 命令。 +别紧张！它是无害的。若想取消显示，你可以返回终端并按 `CTRL+C` 终止 `activate-linux` 命令。 我在 Ubuntu 22.04 GNOME 版本上测试了一下。它在 Wayland 中开箱即用。 @@ -127,7 +111,7 @@ via: https://ostechnix.com/activate-linux/ 作者：[sk][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 109fcf4edb97b7c8490fe7413babab7cd20a07bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hanszhao80 <155320754@qq.com> Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 12:01:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 103/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E8=AF=B7=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]20210210=20Manage=20your=20budget=20on=20Linux=20with=20th?= =?UTF-8?q?is=20open=20source=20finance=20tool?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...your budget on Linux with this open source finance tool.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210210 Manage your budget on Linux with this open source finance tool.md b/sources/tech/20210210 Manage your budget on Linux with this open source finance tool.md index d671e6cbf2..6e11979896 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210210 Manage your budget on Linux with this open source finance tool.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210210 Manage your budget on Linux with this open source finance tool.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (hanszhao80) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/21/2/linux-skrooge 作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[hanszhao80](https://github.com/hanszhao80) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 883a31f2e90b5d4001db98e3127a6795b8ad6964 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: CoWave Fall <105500745+CoWave-Fall@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 12:07:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 104/333] Update 20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md --- ...305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md b/sources/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md index 7e9be8dfd0..f66500b30d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/3/raspberry-pi-totalcross) [#]: author: (Edson Holanda Teixeira Junior https://opensource.com/users/edsonhtj) [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (CoWave-Fall) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) From a753a0fee4c8a4250f9388cb66bb4f941a06a221 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 19:10:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 105/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220520=20Add,=20Delete=20And=20Grant=20Sudo=20Privil?= =?UTF-8?q?eges=20To=20Users=20In=20Fedora=2036.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...t Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora 36.md | 218 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 218 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220520 Add, Delete And Grant Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora 36.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220520 Add, Delete And Grant Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora 36.md b/sources/tech/20220520 Add, Delete And Grant Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora 36.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e05f7007b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220520 Add, Delete And Grant Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora 36.md @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@ +[#]: subject: "Add, Delete And Grant Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora 36" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/add-delete-and-grant-sudo-privileges-to-users-in-fedora/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Add, Delete And Grant Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora 36 +====== +Create sudo user in Fedora. + +Using **sudo** program, we can elevate the ability of a normal user to run administrative tasks, without giving away the `root` user's password in Linux operating systems. This guide explains how to add, delete and grant sudo privileges to users in Fedora 36 desktop and server editions. + +I've divided this guide in three sections. The first section teaches you how to create a new user. In the second section, you'll learn how to give sudo access to the existing user. And in the last section, you will know how to remove sudo access from a user. I've also provided example commands in each section, so you can understand it better. + +First, we will start with giving sudo access to a new user. + +### 1. Create A New User In Fedora + +Login to your Fedora system as `root` user or `sudo` user. + +We can use either `useradd` or `adduser` commands to create users in Linux. + +For the purpose of this guide, I am going to create a new user called **"senthil"** using `adduser` command. + +To do so, I run the following command with `sudo` or `root` privilege: + +``` +$ sudo adduser senthil +``` + +Next, I am going to set a password to the newly created user "senthil" with `passwd` command: + +``` +$ sudo passwd senthil +``` + +![Create A New User In Fedora][1] + +We just created a normal user called "senthil". This user has not been given sudo access yet. So he can't perform any administrative tasks. + +You can verify if an user has sudo access or not like below. + +``` +$ sudo -l -U senthil +``` + +**Sample output:** + +``` +User senthil is not allowed to run sudo on fedora. +``` + +![Check If An User Has Sudo Access][2] + +As you can see, the user "senthil" is not yet allowed to run sudo. Let us go ahead and give him sudo access in the following steps. + +### 2. Grant Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora + +To add a normal user to **sudoers** group, simply add him/her to the `wheel` group. + +For those wondering, the `wheel` is a special group in some Unix-like operating systems (E.g. RHEL based systems). All the members of `wheel` group are allowed to perform administrative tasks. Wheel group is similar to `sudo` group in Debian-based systems. + +We can add users to sudoers list in two ways. The first method is by using `chmod` command. + +#### 2.1. Add Users To Sudoers Using Usermod Command + +``` +Usermod +``` + +To grant sudo privileges to a user called "senthil", just add him to the `wheel` group using `usermod` command as shown below: + +``` +$ sudo usermod -aG wheel senthil +``` + +Here, `-aG` refers append to a supplementary group. In our case, it is `wheel` group. + +Verify if the user is in the sudoers list with command: + +``` +$ sudo -l -U senthil +``` + +If you output something like below, it means the user has been given sudo access and he can able to perform all administrative tasks. + +``` +Matching Defaults entries for senthil on fedora: + !visiblepw, always_set_home, match_group_by_gid, always_query_group_plugin, + env_reset, env_keep="COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE KDEDIR LS_COLORS", + env_keep+="MAIL QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE", + env_keep+="LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES", + env_keep+="LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE", + env_keep+="LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS _XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY", + secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/var/lib/snapd/snap/bin + +User senthil may run the following commands on fedora: + (ALL) ALL +``` + +![Add A User To Sudoers Group Using Usermod Command][3] + +As you see in the above output, the user "Senthil" can run ALL commands on any host. + +#### 2.2. Add Users To Sudoers By Editing Sudoers Configuration File + +The another way to add users to sudoers list is by directly adding him/her to the sudoers configuration file. + +Edit sudoers configuration file using command: + +``` +$ sudo visudo +``` + +This will open `/etc/sudoers` file in your **Vi** editor or whatever you have in your `$PATH`. Scroll down until you find following entry: + +``` +root ALL=(ALL) ALL +``` + +Right after the above entry, add the following line: + +``` +senthil ALL=(ALL) ALL +``` + +![Add Users To Sudoers Group By Editing Sudoers Configuration File][4] + +Here, the line `ALL=(ALL) ALL` refers the user "senthil" can perform any commands on any host. Replace "senthil" with your own username. Save the file and close it. + +That's it. The user has been granted sudo access. + +#### 2.3. Verify Sudo Users + +Log out from the current session and log back in as the newly created sudo user. Alternatively, you can directly switch to the other user, without having to log out from the current session, using the following command: + +``` +$ sudo -i -u senthil +``` + +![Switch To New User In Fedora Linux][5] + +Now, verify if the user can able to perform any administrative task with `sudo` permission: + +``` +$ sudo dnf --refresh update +``` + +![Run Dnf Update Command With Sudo][6] + +Great! The user can able to run the `dnf update` command with sudo privilege. From now on, the user can perform all commands prefixed with sudo. + +### 3. Delete Sudo Access From A User + +Make sure you logged out of the user's session and log back in as `root` or some other sudo user. Because you can't delete the sudo access of the currently logged in user. + +We can remove sudo privileges from an user without having to entirely delete the user account. + +To do so, use `gpasswd` command to revoke sudo permissions from a user: + +``` +$ sudo gpasswd -d senthil wheel +``` + +**Sample output:** + +``` +Removing user senthil from group wheel +``` + +This will only remove sudo privilege of the given user. The user still exists in the system + +Verify if the sudo access has been removed using command: + +``` +$ sudo -l -U senthil +User senthil is not allowed to run sudo on fedora35. +``` + +![Delete Sudo Access From A User Using Gpasswd Command][7] + +#### 3.1. Permanently Delete User + +If you don't need the user any more, you can permanently remove the user from the system using `userdel` command like below. + +``` +$ sudo userdel -r senthil +``` + +The above command will delete the user "senthil" along with his  `home` directory and mail spool. + +### Conclusion + +This concludes how to add, delete and grant sudo privileges to users in Fedora 36 operating system. This method is same for other RPM-based systems as well. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/add-delete-and-grant-sudo-privileges-to-users-in-fedora/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Create-A-New-User-In-Fedora.png +[2]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Check-If-An-User-Has-Sudo-Access.png +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Add-A-User-To-Sudoers-Group-Using-Usermod-Command.png +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Add-Users-To-Sudoers-Group-By-Editing-Sudoers-Configuration-File.png +[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Switch-To-New-User-In-Fedora-Linux.png +[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Run-Dnf-Update-Command-With-Sudo.png +[7]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Delete-Sudo-Access-From-A-User-Using-Gpasswd-Command.png From b15b4ba3e56b92e490e7684630d9a7674a3cdc82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 19:15:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 106/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220520=20Add,=20Delete=20And=20Grant=20Sudo=20Privil?= =?UTF-8?q?eges=20To=20Users=20In=20Fedora=2036.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Delete And Grant Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora 36.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220520 Add, Delete And Grant Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora 36.md b/sources/tech/20220520 Add, Delete And Grant Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora 36.md index e05f7007b7..25c2a9af5b 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220520 Add, Delete And Grant Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora 36.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220520 Add, Delete And Grant Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora 36.md @@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ Add, Delete And Grant Sudo Privileges To Users In Fedora 36 ====== -Create sudo user in Fedora. +Create sudo user in Fedora -Using **sudo** program, we can elevate the ability of a normal user to run administrative tasks, without giving away the `root` user's password in Linux operating systems. This guide explains how to add, delete and grant sudo privileges to users in Fedora 36 desktop and server editions. +Using `sudo` program, we can elevate the ability of a normal user to run administrative tasks, without giving away the `root` user's password in Linux operating systems. This guide explains how to add, delete and grant sudo privileges to users in Fedora 36 desktop and server editions. I've divided this guide in three sections. The first section teaches you how to create a new user. In the second section, you'll learn how to give sudo access to the existing user. And in the last section, you will know how to remove sudo access from a user. I've also provided example commands in each section, so you can understand it better. From d5fa15482bea82d5ef6dae5d78eb07a509400a80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 19:59:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 107/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220520=20A=20programmer-s=20guide=20to=20GNU=20C=20C?= =?UTF-8?q?ompiler.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... A programmer-s guide to GNU C Compiler.md | 272 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 272 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220520 A programmer-s guide to GNU C Compiler.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220520 A programmer-s guide to GNU C Compiler.md b/sources/tech/20220520 A programmer-s guide to GNU C Compiler.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..00bfb93633 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220520 A programmer-s guide to GNU C Compiler.md @@ -0,0 +1,272 @@ +[#]: subject: "A programmer's guide to GNU C Compiler" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/gnu-c-compiler" +[#]: author: "Jayashree Huttanagoudar https://opensource.com/users/jayashree-huttanagoudar" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +A programmer's guide to GNU C Compiler +====== +Get a behind-the-scenes look at the steps it takes to produce a binary file so that when something goes wrong, you know how to step through the process to resolve problems. + +![GitHub launches Open Source Friday][1] +Image by: Opensource.com + +C is a well-known programming language, popular with experienced and new programmers alike. Source code written in C uses standard English terms, so it's considered human-readable. However, computers only understand binary code. To convert code into machine language, you use a tool called a *compiler*. + +A very common compiler is GCC (GNU C Compiler). The compilation process involves several intermediate steps and adjacent tools. + +### Install GCC + +To confirm whether GCC is already installed on your system, use the `gcc` command: + +``` +$ gcc --version +``` + +If necessary, install GCC using your packaging manager. On Fedora-based systems, use `dnf` : + +``` +$ sudo dnf install gcc libgcc +``` + +On Debian-based systems, use `apt` : + +``` +$ sudo apt install build-essential +``` + +After installation, if you want to check where GCC is installed, then use: + +``` +$ whereis gcc +``` + +### Simple C program using GCC + +Here's a simple C program to demonstrate how to compile code using GCC. Open your favorite text editor and paste in this code: + +``` +// hellogcc.c +#include +  +int main() { +    printf("Hello, GCC!\n"); + return 0; +} +``` + +Save the file as `hellogcc.c` and then compile it: + +``` +$ ls +hellogcc.c + +$ gcc hellogcc.c + +$ ls -1 +a.out +hellogcc.c +``` + +As you can see, `a.out` is the default executable generated as a result of compilation. To see the output of your newly-compiled application, just run it as you would any local binary: + +``` +$ ./a.out +Hello, GCC! +``` + +### Name the output file + +The filename `a.out` isn't very descriptive, so if you want to give a specific name to your executable file, you can use the `-o` option: + +``` +$ gcc -o hellogcc hellogcc.c + +$ ls +a.out  hellogcc  hellogcc.c + +$ ./hellogcc +Hello, GCC! +``` + +This option is useful when developing a large application that needs to compile multiple C source files. + +### Intermediate steps in GCC compilation + +There are actually four steps to compiling, even though GCC performs them automatically in simple use-cases. + +1. Pre-Processing: The GNU C Preprocessor (cpp) parses the headers (#include statements), expands macros (#define statements), and generates an intermediate file such as `hellogcc.i` with expanded source code. +2. Compilation: During this stage, the compiler converts pre-processed source code into assembly code for a specific CPU architecture. The resulting assembly file is named with a `.s` extension, such as `hellogcc.s` in this example. +3. Assembly: The `as`sembler (as) converts the assembly code into machine code in an object file, such as `hellogcc.o`. +4. Linking: The linker (ld) links the object code with the library code to produce an executable file, such as `hellogcc`. + +When running GCC, use the `-v` option to see each step in detail. + +``` +$ gcc -v -o hellogcc hellogcc.c +``` + +![Compiler flowchart][2] + +Image by: + +(Jayashree Huttanagoudar, CC BY-SA 4.0) + +### Manually compile code + +It can be useful to experience each step of compilation because, under some circumstances, you don't need GCC to go through all the steps. + +First, delete the files generated by GCC in the current folder, except the source file. + +``` +$ rm a.out hellogcc.o + +$ ls +hellogcc.c +``` + +#### Pre-processor + +First, start the pre-processor, redirecting its output to `hellogcc.i` : + +``` +$ cpp hellogcc.c > hellogcc.i + +$ ls +hellogcc.c  hellogcc.i +``` + +Take a look at the output file and notice how the pre-processor has included the headers and expanded the macros. + +#### Compiler + +Now you can compile the code into assembly. Use the `-S` option to set GCC just to produce assembly code. + +``` +$ gcc -S hellogcc.i + +$ ls +hellogcc.c  hellogcc.i  hellogcc.s + +$ cat hellogcc.s +``` + +Take a look at the assembly code to see what's been generated. + +#### Assembly + +Use the assembly code you've just generated to create an object file: + +``` +$ as -o hellogcc.o hellogcc.s + +$ ls +hellogcc.c  hellogcc.i  hellogcc.o  hellogcc.s +``` + +#### Linking + +To produce an executable file, you must link the object file to the libraries it depends on. This isn't quite as easy as the previous steps, but it's educational: + +``` +$ ld -o hellogcc hellogcc.o +ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; defaulting to 0000000000401000 +ld: hellogcc.o: in function `main`: +hellogcc.c:(.text+0xa): undefined reference to `puts' +``` + +An error referencing an`undefined puts` occurs after the linker is done looking at the `libc.so` library. You must find suitable linker options to link the required libraries to resolve this. This is no small feat, and it's dependent on how your system is laid out. + +When linking, you must link code to core runtime (CRT) objects, a set of subroutines that help binary executables launch. The linker also needs to know where to find important system libraries, including libc and libgcc, notably within special start and end instructions. These instructions can be delimited by the `--start-group` and `--end-group` options or using paths to `crtbegin.o` and `crtend.o`. + +This example uses paths as they appear on a RHEL 8 install, so you may need to adapt the paths depending on your system. + +``` +$ ld -dynamic-linker \ +/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 \ +-o hello \ +/usr/lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib64/crti.o \ +--start-group \ +-L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/8 \ +-L/usr/lib64 -L/lib64 hello.o \ +-lgcc \ +--as-needed -lgcc_s \ +--no-as-needed -lc -lgcc \ +--end-group +/usr/lib64/crtn.o +``` + +The same linker procedure on Slackware uses a different set of paths, but you can see the similarity in the process: + +``` +$ ld -static -o hello \ +-L/usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-slackware-linux/11.2.0/ \ +/usr/lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib64/crti.o \ +hello.o /usr/lib64/crtn.o \ +--start-group -lc -lgcc -lgcc_eh \ +--end-group +``` + +Now run the resulting executable: + +``` +$ ./hello +Hello, GCC! +``` + +### Some helpful utilities + +Below are a few utilities that help examine the file type, symbol table, and the libraries linked with the executable. + +Use the `file` utility to determine the type of file: + +``` +$ file hellogcc.c +hellogcc.c: C source, ASCII text + +$ file hellogcc.o +hellogcc.o: ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), not stripped + +$ file hellogcc +hellogcc: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, BuildID[sha1]=bb76b241d7d00871806e9fa5e814fee276d5bd1a, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, not stripped +``` + +The use the `nm` utility to list symbol tables for object files: + +``` +$ nm hellogcc.o +0000000000000000 T main +                          U puts +``` + +Use the `ldd` utility to list dynamic link libraries: + +``` +$ ldd hellogcc +linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffe3bdd7000) +libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f223395e000) +/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f2233b7e000) +``` + +### Wrap up + +In this article, you learned the various intermediate steps in GCC compilation and the utilities to examine the file type, symbol table, and libraries linked with an executable. The next time you use GCC, you'll understand the steps it takes to produce a binary file for you, and when something goes wrong, you know how to step through the process to resolve problems. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/gnu-c-compiler + +作者：[Jayashree Huttanagoudar][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jayashree-huttanagoudar +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/build_structure_tech_program_code_construction.png +[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/compiler-flowchart.png From 7089228224e5b52eefa7bdfbb7e74711890f0ac7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 20:02:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 108/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220520=20How=20to=20rename=20a=20branch,=20delete=20?= =?UTF-8?q?a=20branch,=20and=20find=20the=20author=20of=20a=20branch=20in?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Git.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... and find the author of a branch in Git.md | 203 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 203 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md b/sources/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bcb411371d --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/git-branch-rename-delete-find-author" +[#]: author: "Agil Antony https://opensource.com/users/agantony" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git +====== +Become an expert at the most common Git tasks for managing local and remote branches. + +![tree branches][1] +Image by [Erik Fitzpatrick][2], [CC BY-SA 4.0][3] + +One of Git's primary strengths is its ability to "fork" work into different branches. + +If you're the only person using a repository, the benefits are modest, but once you start working with many other contributors, branching is essential. Git's branching mechanism allows multiple people to work on a project, and even on the same file, at the same time. Users can introduce different features, independent of one another, and then merge the changes back to a main branch later. A branch created specifically for one purpose, such as adding a new feature or fixing a known bug, is sometimes called a topic branch. + +Once you start working with branches, it's helpful to know how to manage them. Here are the most common tasks developers do with Git branches in the real world. + +### Rename a branch using Git + +Renaming a topic branch is useful if you have named a branch incorrectly or you want to use the same branch to switch between different bugs or tasks after merging the content into the main branch. + +#### Rename a local branch + +1. Rename the local branch: + +``` +$ git branch -m +``` + +Of course, this only renames your copy of the branch. If the branch exists on the remote Git server, continue to the next steps. + +2. Push the new branch to create a new remote branch: + +``` +$ git push origin +``` + +3. Delete the old remote branch: + +``` +$ git push origin -d -f +``` + +#### Rename the current branch + +When the branch you want to rename is your current branch, you don't need to specify the existing branch name. + +1. Rename the current branch: + +``` +$ git branch -m +``` + +2. Push the new branch to create a new remote branch: + +``` +$ git push origin +``` + +3. Delete the old remote branch: + +``` +$ git push origin -d -f +``` + +### Delete local and remote branches using Git + +As part of good repository hygiene, it's often recommended that you delete a branch after ensuring you have merged the content into the main branch. + +#### Delete a local branch + +Deleting a local branch only deletes the copy of that branch that exists on your system. If the branch has already been pushed to the remote repository, it remains available to everyone working with the repo. + +1. Checkout the central branch of your repository (such as main or master): + +``` +$ git checkout +``` + +2. List all the branches (local as well as remote): + +``` +$ git branch -a +``` + +3. Delete the local branch: + +``` +$ git branch -d +``` + +To remove all your local topic branches and retain only the *main* branch: + +``` +$ git branch | grep -v main | xargs git branch -d +``` + +#### Delete a remote branch + +Deleting a remote branch only deletes the copy of that branch that exists on the remote server. Should you decide that you didn't want to delete the branch after all, you can re-push it to the remote, such as GitHub, as long as you still have your local copy. + +1. Checkout the central branch of your repository (usually main or master): + +``` +$ git checkout +``` + +2. List all branches (local as well as remote): + +``` +$ git branch -a +``` + +3. Delete the remote branch: + +``` +$ git push origin -d +``` + +### Find the author of a remote topic branch using Git + +If you are the repository manager, you might need to do this so you can inform the author of an unused branch that it should be deleted. + +1. Checkout the central branch of your repository (such as main or master): + +``` +$ git checkout +``` + +2. Delete branch references to remote branches that do not exist: + +``` +$ git remote prune origin +``` + +3. List the author of all the remote topic branches in the repository, using the `--format` option along with special selectors (in this example, `%(authorname)` and `%(refname)` for author and branch name) to print just the information you want: + +``` +$ git for-each-ref --sort=authordate --format='%(authorname) %(refname)' refs/remotes +``` + +Example output: + +``` +tux  refs/remotes/origin/dev +agil refs/remotes/origin/main +``` + +You can add further formatting, including color coding and string manipulation, for easier readability: + +``` +$ git for-each-ref --sort=authordate \ +--format='%(color:cyan)%(authordate:format:%m/%d/%Y %I:%M %p)%(align:25,left)%(color:yellow) %(authorname)%(end)%(color:reset)%(refname:strip=3)' \ +refs/remotes +``` + +Example output: + +``` +01/16/2019 03:18 PM tux      dev +05/15/2022 10:35 PM agil     main +``` + +You can use grep to get the author of a specific remote topic branch: + +``` +$ git for-each-ref --sort=authordate \ +--format='%(authorname) %(refname)' \ +refs/remotes | grep +``` + +### Get good at branching + +There are nuances to how Git branching works depending on the point at which you want to fork the code base, how the repository maintainer manages branches, squashing, rebasing, and so on. Here are three articles for further reading on this topic: + +* [Explaining Git branches with a LEGO analogy][4], by Seth Kenlon +* [My guide to using the Git push command safely][5], by Noaa Barki +* [A guide to Git branching][6], by Kedar Vijay Kulkarni + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/git-branch-rename-delete-find-author + +作者：[Agil Antony][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/agantony +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/tree-branches.jpg +[2]: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22244945@N00/3353319002 +[3]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/git-branches +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/git-push +[6]: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/git-branching From d1310d52bb051b377e74929a9758d793532acf62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 20:04:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 109/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220520=20Ubuntu=20vs=20Manjaro-=20Comparing=20the=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Different=20Linux=20Experiences.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...mparing the Different Linux Experiences.md | 206 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 206 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220520 Ubuntu vs Manjaro- Comparing the Different Linux Experiences.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220520 Ubuntu vs Manjaro- Comparing the Different Linux Experiences.md b/sources/tech/20220520 Ubuntu vs Manjaro- Comparing the Different Linux Experiences.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..caee2de033 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220520 Ubuntu vs Manjaro- Comparing the Different Linux Experiences.md @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +[#]: subject: "Ubuntu vs Manjaro: Comparing the Different Linux Experiences" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-manjaro/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Ubuntu vs Manjaro: Comparing the Different Linux Experiences +====== +Ubuntu is the most popular Debian-based Linux distribution for desktops and servers. + +And Manjaro Linux is an Arch-based distro tailored for desktops. + +Both are entirely different when it comes to user experience and features. + +However, one of the common grounds is the [desktop environment][1] when considering Manjaro’s GNOME edition with Ubuntu. + +But, what exactly are the differences? Is the package manager on Manjaro better? Are software tools available on both Ubuntu and Manjaro? + +Here, we shall look at the differences in both the Linux distributions at certain key points. + +### Release Cycle + +Ubuntu offers two different release cycles, considering the version you pick. If you are going with the Long-Term Support version, you get security/maintenance updates for at least five years from its release. + +Suppose if you install Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, you will be getting updates until **April 2027**. + +![ubuntu22 04 lts about][2] + +The LTS version is what we recommend for most desktop users. + +However, if you want the latest and greatest, you can opt for the non-LTS releases that need an upgrade every **nine months**. Examples include Ubuntu 21.04, Ubuntu 21.10, and Ubuntu 22.10. + +Note that the non-LTS releases involve changes that may affect your workflow and user experience. So, it isn’t recommended for everyone. + +When choosing Manjaro Linux, you get a rolling release schedule for updates. So, you do not have to worry about the support for the version you use. It will automatically upgrade to the latest available version through regular updates. + +![manjaro about][3] + +With a rolling release cycle, you get the latest packages quickly. So, if you want to keep using an older version of the software, Manjaro Linux may not be the right choice for you. + +### Desktop Environments + +Ubuntu features a customized version of the GNOME desktop. It may not be the latest, but it is likely to include the latest GNOME desktop environment if you use a newer Ubuntu version. + +![ubuntu 22 04 wallpaper][4] + +There are no other desktop environments by Canonical (the company behind Ubuntu). + +However, if you want other desktop environments on top of Ubuntu, you can choose the official [Ubuntu flavours][5] including KDE, Budgie, LXQt, MATE, and XFCE as desktop environments. They are well-tested and stable Ubuntu Linux distributions when compared to unofficial or newer spins of Ubuntu with another desktop environment. + +However, Ubuntu flavours do not get five years of software support; instead, you will be limited to three years of support for LTS versions. + +With Manjaro, you can choose three official editions: XFCE, KDE, and GNOME. No matter the desktop environment, you stick to the rolling release model. + +![manjaro gnome 42][6] + +You do have some community editions with Budgie, MATE, LXQt, and more as well. + +### Package Manager or Software Ecosystem + +You shouldn’t have trouble finding most of the [essential Linux apps][7] on both the distros. + +However, Manjaro Linux gets an edge with a snappier experience using Pamac as its package manager. + +![manjaro package manager][8] + +Compared to the software center on Ubuntu, Manjaro Linux offers a better experience for quickly installing/updating the software. And, it also supports Flatpak/Snap out-of-the-box if you want to enable them with a single click. + +Ubuntu emphasizes Snap packages, and you will find some applications pre-installed as Snap (like Firefox web browser). + +![firefox as snap][9] + +In the case of Manjaro Linux, you get the freedom to enable Flatpak/Snap if required. + +With Ubuntu, the Software Center is not the best Linux offers. It could prove to be slower, as per your system configuration and over the year as you use it. + +![ubuntu 22 04 software center][10] + +In addition to that, Manjaro Linux has access to [AUR][11], which opens up access to almost every software that you may not find in Ubuntu’s software center. + +So, in terms of the software ecosystem and the package manager, Manjaro Linux does provide many advantages over Ubuntu. + +### Ease of Use and Targeted Users + +Ubuntu desktop is primarily tailored for ease of use. It focuses on providing the best possible combination of software and hardware compatibility to let any computer user work with Ubuntu Linux without needing to know most of the things in the Linux world. + +Even if someone doesn’t know what a “package manager” on Linux is, they can understand it perfectly fine as a unique replacement to Windows/macOS when they use it. + +Of course, we also have a guide to help you with [things to do after installing the latest Ubuntu version][12]. + +Manjaro Linux is also tailored for desktop usage. But, it isn’t primarily tailored for first-time Linux users. + +It aims to make the experience with Arch Linux easy. So, it mainly targets Linux users who want to use Arch Linux, but with some added convenience. + +### Stability + +![stability tux][13] + +Ubuntu LTS releases primarily focus on stability and reliability, so you can also use them on servers. + +Comparatively, Manjaro Linux may not be as stable out-of-the-box. You will have to choose the packages carefully to install in Manjaro Linux and keep an eye on your configurations to ensure that an update does not break your system experience. + +As for Ubuntu, you do not need to stress about the software updates, especially when considering the LTS version. The updates should not generally break your system. + +### Customization + +Ubuntu features a customized GNOME experience as set by Canonical for end-users. While you can choose to customize various aspects of your Linux distribution, Ubuntu offers little out of the box. + +Ubuntu has improved over the years, recently adding the ability to [add accent colors in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][14]. But, it still has a long way to go. + +You will have to take the help of apps like [GNOME Tweak][15] to customize the desktop experience. + +When considering Manjaro’s GNOME edition, you will have to use the same tool to customize things yourself. + +Manjaro also performs a few customization tweaks to the look. But, it gives more control to change the layout and few other options. + +![manjaro layout][16] + +In terms of customization, you should be able to do the same thing on both Manjaro and Ubuntu. + +If you want more customization options, Manjaro Linux can be a good pick. And, if you want a customized experience without a lot of control over it, Ubuntu should be good enough. + +### Bloatware + +This may not be a big deal for everyone. But, if you dislike having many pre-installed applications, Ubuntu can be an annoyance. + +![ubuntu 22 apps][17] + +You can always remove the applications you do not want. However, you will find more applications and services installed with Ubuntu out of the box. + +With Manjaro, you also get to see the minimal essentials installed. But, they stick to the most essential utilities, minimizing the number of packages pre-installed. So, Manjaro gets an edge with less bloatware. + +However, there are chances that you may not find your favorite Linux app installed on Manjaro by default. So, if you like access to some of your favorite apps right after installation, Ubuntu can be a good choice. + +### Performance + +![ubuntu 22 04 neofetch lolcat][18] + +While Ubuntu has improved its performance and even works on a Raspberry Pi 2 GB variant, it is still not the best-performing Linux distribution. + +Of course, the performance does depend on the desktop environment you choose to use. + +However, compared to Manjaro’s GNOME edition, Manjaro provides a snappier experience. + +Note that your user experience with the performance and animation preferences also depends on your system configuration. For instance, the recommended system requirements (1 GB RAM + 1 GHz processor) for Manjaro give you room to use older computers. + +But, with Ubuntu, at the time of writing, you need at least 4 GB RAM and a 2 GHz dual-core processor to get an ideal desktop experience. + +### Documentation + +Ubuntu is easier to use and potentially more comfortable for new users, considering its popularity. + +[Ubuntu’s documentation][19] is good enough, if not excellent. + +When it comes to Manjaro Linux, they have a [wiki][20] with essential information and in-depth guides to help you out. + +In general, the [documentation available for Arch Linux][21] is meticulous, and almost everyone (even the veterans) refers to it to get help. + +The documentation for Arch Linux also applies to Manjaro Linux in a big way, so you do get an advantage in terms of documentation with Manjaro Linux over Ubuntu. + +### Wrapping Up + +Being two entirely different Linux distributions, they serve various kinds of users. You can choose to use anything if you want to explore the operating system and see if it suits you. + +However, if you want to avoid making any changes to your system and want to focus on your work, irrespective of the Linux distro, Ubuntu should be a no-brainer. + +In any case, if the performance with Ubuntu affects your experience by a considerable margin, you should try Manjaro. You can read my [initial thoughts on switching to Manjaro from Ubuntu][22]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-manjaro/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-desktop-environment/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ubuntu22-04-lts-about.png +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/manjaro-about.png +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-wallpaper.jpg +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/which-ubuntu-install/ +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/manjaro-gnome-42.png +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/essential-linux-applications/ +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/manjaro-package-manager.png +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-as-snap.jpg +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-software-center.jpg +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/ +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-22-04/ +[13]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/stability-tux.png +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/accent-color-ubuntu/ +[15]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-tweak-tool/ +[16]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/manjaro-layout.png +[17]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ubuntu-22-apps.jpg +[18]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-neofetch-lolcat-800x445.png +[19]: https://help.ubuntu.com/ +[20]: https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php/Main_Page +[21]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/ +[22]: https://news.itsfoss.com/manjaro-linux-experience/ From b3cb22e3f060e488238adeaa38730b36712dbe5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 20:27:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 110/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220520=20How=20to=20rename=20a=20branch,=20delete=20?= =?UTF-8?q?a=20branch,=20and=20find=20the=20author=20of=20a=20branch=20in?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Git.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ..., delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md b/sources/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md index bcb411371d..cdec4751e4 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/git-branch-rename-delete-find-author" [#]: author: "Agil Antony https://opensource.com/users/agantony" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "lkxed" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From e6cc6488f03f3f98b19975b6a5e3f34f59cbfdca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 21:09:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 111/333] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][?= =?UTF-8?q?tech]:=2020220520=20How=20to=20rename=20a=20branch,=20delete=20?= =?UTF-8?q?a=20branch,=20and=20find=20the=20author=20of=20a=20branch=20in?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Git.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... and find the author of a branch in Git.md | 203 ----------------- ... and find the author of a branch in Git.md | 204 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 204 insertions(+), 203 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md b/sources/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md deleted file mode 100644 index cdec4751e4..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,203 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/git-branch-rename-delete-find-author" -[#]: author: "Agil Antony https://opensource.com/users/agantony" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git -====== -Become an expert at the most common Git tasks for managing local and remote branches. - -![tree branches][1] -Image by [Erik Fitzpatrick][2], [CC BY-SA 4.0][3] - -One of Git's primary strengths is its ability to "fork" work into different branches. - -If you're the only person using a repository, the benefits are modest, but once you start working with many other contributors, branching is essential. Git's branching mechanism allows multiple people to work on a project, and even on the same file, at the same time. Users can introduce different features, independent of one another, and then merge the changes back to a main branch later. A branch created specifically for one purpose, such as adding a new feature or fixing a known bug, is sometimes called a topic branch. - -Once you start working with branches, it's helpful to know how to manage them. Here are the most common tasks developers do with Git branches in the real world. - -### Rename a branch using Git - -Renaming a topic branch is useful if you have named a branch incorrectly or you want to use the same branch to switch between different bugs or tasks after merging the content into the main branch. - -#### Rename a local branch - -1. Rename the local branch: - -``` -$ git branch -m -``` - -Of course, this only renames your copy of the branch. If the branch exists on the remote Git server, continue to the next steps. - -2. Push the new branch to create a new remote branch: - -``` -$ git push origin -``` - -3. Delete the old remote branch: - -``` -$ git push origin -d -f -``` - -#### Rename the current branch - -When the branch you want to rename is your current branch, you don't need to specify the existing branch name. - -1. Rename the current branch: - -``` -$ git branch -m -``` - -2. Push the new branch to create a new remote branch: - -``` -$ git push origin -``` - -3. Delete the old remote branch: - -``` -$ git push origin -d -f -``` - -### Delete local and remote branches using Git - -As part of good repository hygiene, it's often recommended that you delete a branch after ensuring you have merged the content into the main branch. - -#### Delete a local branch - -Deleting a local branch only deletes the copy of that branch that exists on your system. If the branch has already been pushed to the remote repository, it remains available to everyone working with the repo. - -1. Checkout the central branch of your repository (such as main or master): - -``` -$ git checkout -``` - -2. List all the branches (local as well as remote): - -``` -$ git branch -a -``` - -3. Delete the local branch: - -``` -$ git branch -d -``` - -To remove all your local topic branches and retain only the *main* branch: - -``` -$ git branch | grep -v main | xargs git branch -d -``` - -#### Delete a remote branch - -Deleting a remote branch only deletes the copy of that branch that exists on the remote server. Should you decide that you didn't want to delete the branch after all, you can re-push it to the remote, such as GitHub, as long as you still have your local copy. - -1. Checkout the central branch of your repository (usually main or master): - -``` -$ git checkout -``` - -2. List all branches (local as well as remote): - -``` -$ git branch -a -``` - -3. Delete the remote branch: - -``` -$ git push origin -d -``` - -### Find the author of a remote topic branch using Git - -If you are the repository manager, you might need to do this so you can inform the author of an unused branch that it should be deleted. - -1. Checkout the central branch of your repository (such as main or master): - -``` -$ git checkout -``` - -2. Delete branch references to remote branches that do not exist: - -``` -$ git remote prune origin -``` - -3. List the author of all the remote topic branches in the repository, using the `--format` option along with special selectors (in this example, `%(authorname)` and `%(refname)` for author and branch name) to print just the information you want: - -``` -$ git for-each-ref --sort=authordate --format='%(authorname) %(refname)' refs/remotes -``` - -Example output: - -``` -tux  refs/remotes/origin/dev -agil refs/remotes/origin/main -``` - -You can add further formatting, including color coding and string manipulation, for easier readability: - -``` -$ git for-each-ref --sort=authordate \ ---format='%(color:cyan)%(authordate:format:%m/%d/%Y %I:%M %p)%(align:25,left)%(color:yellow) %(authorname)%(end)%(color:reset)%(refname:strip=3)' \ -refs/remotes -``` - -Example output: - -``` -01/16/2019 03:18 PM tux      dev -05/15/2022 10:35 PM agil     main -``` - -You can use grep to get the author of a specific remote topic branch: - -``` -$ git for-each-ref --sort=authordate \ ---format='%(authorname) %(refname)' \ -refs/remotes | grep -``` - -### Get good at branching - -There are nuances to how Git branching works depending on the point at which you want to fork the code base, how the repository maintainer manages branches, squashing, rebasing, and so on. Here are three articles for further reading on this topic: - -* [Explaining Git branches with a LEGO analogy][4], by Seth Kenlon -* [My guide to using the Git push command safely][5], by Noaa Barki -* [A guide to Git branching][6], by Kedar Vijay Kulkarni - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/git-branch-rename-delete-find-author - -作者：[Agil Antony][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/agantony -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/tree-branches.jpg -[2]: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22244945@N00/3353319002 -[3]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ -[4]: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/git-branches -[5]: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/git-push -[6]: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/git-branching diff --git a/translated/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md b/translated/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa61c86268 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220520 How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git.md @@ -0,0 +1,204 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to rename a branch, delete a branch, and find the author of a branch in Git" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/git-branch-rename-delete-find-author" +[#]: author: "Agil Antony https://opensource.com/users/agantony" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Git 教程：重命名分支、删除分支、查看分支作者 +====== +掌握管理本地/远程分支等最常见的 Git 任务。 + +![树枝][1] + +图源：[Erik Fitzpatrick][2]，[CC BY-SA 4.0][3] + +Git 的主要优势之一就是它能够将工作“分叉”到不同的分支中。 + +如果只有你一个人在使用某个存储库，分支的好处是有限的。但是，一旦你开始与许多其他贡献者一起工作，分支就变得必不可少。Git 的分支机制允许多人同时处理一个项目，甚至是同一个文件。用户可以引入不同的功能，彼此独立，然后稍后将更改合并回主分支。那些专门为一个目的创建的分支，有时也被称为主题分支，例如添加新功能或修复已知错误。 + +当你开始使用分支，了解如何管理它们会很有帮助。以下是开发者在现实世界中使用 Git 分支执行的最常见任务。 + +### 重命名分支 + +有时候，你或许会错误地命名了一个分支，或者你会想要在内容合并到主分支后，使用同一个分支在不同的错误或任务之间切换。在这种情况下，重命名主题分支就会很有帮助。 + +#### 重命名本地分支 + +1. 重命名本地分支： + +``` +$ git branch -m +``` + +当然，这只会重命名您的分支副本。如果远程 Git 服务器上存在该分支，请继续执行后续步骤。 + +2. 推送这个新分支，从而创建一个新的远程分支： + +``` +$ git push origin +``` + +3. 删除旧的远程分支： + +``` +$ git push origin -d -f +``` + +#### 重命名当前分支 + +当你要重命名的分支恰好是当前分支时，你不需要指定旧的分支名称。 + +1. 重命名当前分支： + +``` +$ git branch -m +``` + +2. 推送新分支，从而创建一个新的远程分支： + +``` +$ git push origin +``` + +3. 删除旧的远程分支： + +``` +$ git push origin -d -f +``` + +### 使用 Git 删除本地和远程分支 + +为了保持存储库的整洁，通常建议你在确保已将内容合并到主分支后，删除临时分支。 + +#### 删除本地分支 + +删除本地分支只会删除系统上存在的该分支的副本。如果分支已经被推送到远程存储库，它仍然可供使用该存储库的每个人使用。 + +1. 签出存储库的主分支（例如 `main` 或 `master`）： + +``` +$ git checkout +``` + +2. 列出所有分支（本地和远程）： + +``` +$ git branch -a +``` + +3. 删除本地分支： + +``` +$ git branch -d +``` + +要删除所有本地主题分支并仅保留 `main` 分支： + +``` +$ git branch | grep -v main | xargs git branch -d +``` + +#### 删除远程分支 + +删除远程分支只会删除远程服务器上存在的该分支的副本。如果你想撤销删除，也可以将其重新推送到远程（例如 GitHub），只要你还有本地副本即可。 + +1. 签出存储库的主分支（通常是 `main` 或 `master`）： + +``` +$ git checkout +``` + +2. 列出所有分支（本地和远程）： + +``` +$ git branch -a +``` + +3. 删除远程分支： + +``` +$ git push origin -d +``` + +### 查看远程主题分支的作者 + +如果你是存储库管理员，你可能会有这个需求，以便通知未使用分支的作者它将被删除。 + +1. 签出存储库的主分支（例如 `main` 或 `master`）： + +``` +$ git checkout +``` + +2. 删除不存在的远程分支的分支引用： + +``` +$ git remote prune origin +``` + +3. 列出存储库中所有远程主题分支的作者，使用 `--format` 选项，并配合特殊的选择器来只打印你想要的信息（在本例中，`%(authorname)` 和 `%(refname)` 分别代表作者名字和分支名称)： + +``` +$ git for-each-ref --sort=authordate --format='%(authorname) %(refname)' refs/remotes +``` + +示例输出： + +``` +tux  refs/remotes/origin/dev +agil refs/remotes/origin/main +``` + +你可以添加更多格式，包括颜色编码和字符串操作，以便于阅读： + +``` +$ git for-each-ref --sort=authordate \ +--format='%(color:cyan)%(authordate:format:%m/%d/%Y %I:%M %p)%(align:25,left)%(color:yellow) %(authorname)%(end)%(color:reset)%(refname:strip=3)' \ +refs/remotes +``` + +示例输出： + +``` +01/16/2019 03:18 PM tux      dev +05/15/2022 10:35 PM agil     main +``` + +你可以使用 `grep` 获取特定远程主题分支的作者： + +``` +$ git for-each-ref --sort=authordate \ +--format='%(authorname) %(refname)' \ +refs/remotes | grep +``` + +### 熟练运用分支 + +Git 分支的工作方式存在细微差别，具体取决于你想要分叉代码库的位置、存储库维护者如何管理分支、压缩squashing、变基rebasing等。若想进一步了解该主题，你可以阅读下面这三篇文章： + +* [《用乐高来类比解释 Git 分支》][4]，作者：Seth Kenlon +* [《我的 Git push 命令的安全使用指南》][5]，作者：Noaa Barki +* [《Git 分支指南》][6]，作者：Kedar Vijay Kulkarni + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/git-branch-rename-delete-find-author + +作者：[Agil Antony][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/agantony +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/tree-branches.jpg +[2]: https://www.flickr.com/photos/22244945@N00/3353319002 +[3]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/git-branches +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/git-push +[6]: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/git-branching From d14b263a82897d6a9a54572454e65d04123d5edf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: f Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 21:58:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 112/333] Update 20210207 3 ways to play video games on Linux.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译申请 --- sources/tech/20210207 3 ways to play video games on Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210207 3 ways to play video games on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20210207 3 ways to play video games on Linux.md index 1c132ab588..e01c4b2e77 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210207 3 ways to play video games on Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210207 3 ways to play video games on Linux.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (godgithubf) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) From a30c8fc3bee2907721b747277288c90a0a1b374c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: CoWave Fall <105500745+CoWave-Fall@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 20 May 2022 22:13:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 113/333] Update and rename sources/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md to translated/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md --- ...r UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md | 282 ----------------- ...r UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md | 287 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 287 insertions(+), 282 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md b/sources/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md deleted file mode 100644 index f66500b30d..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,282 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: (Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java) -[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/3/raspberry-pi-totalcross) -[#]: author: (Edson Holanda Teixeira Junior https://opensource.com/users/edsonhtj) -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (CoWave-Fall) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) - -Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java -====== -TotalCross makes it quick to build user interfaces for embedded -applications. -![Tips and gears turning][1] - -Creating a GUI from scratch is a very time consuming process, dealing with all the positions and alignments in hard code can be really tough for some programmers. In this article, I demonstrate how to speed up this process using XML. - -This project uses [TotalCross][2] as the target framework. TotalCross is an open source, cross-platform software development kit (SDK) developed to create GUIs for embedded devices faster. TotalCross provides Java's development benefits without needing to run Java on a device because it uses its own bytecode and virtual machine (TC bytecode and TCVM) for performance enhancement. - -I also use Knowcode-XML, an open source XML parser for the TotalCross framework, which converts XML files into TotalCross components. - -### Project requirements - -To reproduce this project, you need: - - * [KnowCode-XML][3] - * [VSCode][4] [or VSCodium][5] - * [An Android development environment][6] - * [TotalCross plugin for VSCode][7] - * Java 11 or greater for your development platform ([Linux][8], [Mac][9], or [Windows][10]) - * [Git][11] - - - -### Building the embedded application - -This application consists of an embedded GUI with basic print functionalities, such as scan, print, and copy. - -![printer init screen][12] - -(Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr, [CC BY-SA 4.0][13]) - -Several steps are required to create this GUI, including generating the GUI with Android-XML and then using the Knowcode-XML parser to run it on the TotalCross Framework. - -#### 1\. Generate the Android XML - -For creating the XML file, first create a simple Android screen, and then customize it. If you don't know how to write Android-XM, or you just want a headstart, you can download this application’s XML from this [GitHub project][14]. This project also contains the images you need to render the GUI. - -#### 2\. Adjust the XML - -After generating the XML files, you need to make some fine adjustments to make sure everything is aligned, with the right proportions, and has the correct path to the images. - -Add the XML layouts to the **Layouts** folder and all the assets to the **Drawable** folder. Then you can start to customize the XML. - -For example, if you want to change an XML object's background, change the `android:background` attribute: - - -``` -`android:background="@drawable/scan"` -``` - -You can change the object's position with `tools:layout_editor_absoluteX` and `tools:layout_editor_absoluteY`: - - -``` -tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="830dp" -tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="511dp" -``` - -Change the object's size with `android:layout_width` and `android:layout_height`: - - -``` -android:layout_width="70dp" -android:layout_height="70dp" -``` - -If you want to put text on an object, you can use `android:textSize`, `android:text`, `android:textStyle`, and `android:textColor`: - - -``` -android:textStyle="bold" -android:textColor="#000000" -android:textSize="20dp" -android:text="2:45PM" -``` - -Here is an example of a complete XML object: - - -``` -    <ImageButton -           android:id="@+id/ImageButton" -           android:layout_width="70dp" -           android:layout_height="70dp" -           tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="830dp" -           tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="511dp" -           android:background="@drawable/home_config" /> -``` - -#### 3\. Run the GUI on TotalCross - -After you make all the XML adjustments, it's time to run it on TotalCross. Create a new project on the TotalCross extension and add the **XML** and **Drawable** folders to the **Main** folder. If you're not sure how to create a TotalCross project, see our [get started guide][15]. - -After configuring the environment, use `totalcross.knowcode.parse.XmlContainerFactory` and `import totalcross.knowcode.parse.XmlContainerLayout` to use the XML GUI on the TotalCross framework. You can find more information about using KnowCode-XML on its [GitHub page][3]. - -#### 4\. Add transitions - -This project's smooth transition effect is created by the `SlidingNavigator` class, which uses TotalCross' `ControlAnimation` class to slide from one screen to the other. - -Call `SlidingNavigator` on the `XMLpresenter` class: - - -``` -`new SlidingNavigator(this).present(HomePresenter.class);` -``` - -Implement the `present` function on the `SlidingNavigator` class: - - -``` -public void present(Class<? extends XMLPresenter> presenterClass) -         throws [InstantiationException][16], [IllegalAccessException][17] { -      final XMLPresenter presenter = cache.containsKey(presenterClass) ? cache.get(presenterClass) -            : presenterClass.newInstance(); -      if (!cache.containsKey(presenterClass)) { -         cache.put(presenterClass, presenter); -      } - -      if (presenters.isEmpty()) { -         window.add(presenter.content, LEFT, TOP, FILL, FILL); -      } else { -         XMLPresenter previous = presenters.lastElement(); - -         window.add(presenter.content, AFTER, TOP, SCREENSIZE, SCREENSIZE, previous.content); -``` - -`PathAnimation` in animation control creates the sliding animation from one screen to another: - - -``` -         PathAnimation.create(previous.content, -Settings.screenWidth, 0, new ControlAnimation.AnimationFinished() { -            @Override -            public void onAnimationFinished(ControlAnimation anim) { -               window.remove(previous.content); -            } -         }, 1000).with(PathAnimation.create(presenter.content, 0, 0, new ControlAnimation.AnimationFinished() { -            @Override -            public void onAnimation Finished(Control Animation anim) { -               presenter.content.setRect(LEFT, TOP, FILL, FILL); -            } -         }, 1000)).start(); -      } -      presenter.setNavigator(this); -      presenters.push(presenter); -      presenter.bind2(); -      if (presenter.isFirstPresent) { -         presenter.onPresent(); -         presenter.isFirstPresent = false; -      } -``` - -#### 5\. Load spinners - -Another nice feature in the printer application is the loading screen animation that shows progress. It includes text and a spinning animation. - -![Loading Spinner][18] - -(Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr, [CC BY-SA 4.0][13]) - -Implement this feature by adding a timer and a timer listener to update the progress label, then call the function `spinner.start()`. All of the animations are auto-generated by TotalCross and KnowCode: - - -``` -public void startSpinner() { -        time = content.addTimer(500); -        content.addTimerListener((e) -> { -            try { -                progress(); // Updates the Label -            } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e1) { -                // TODO Auto-generated catch block -                e1.printStackTrace(); -            } -        }); -        Spinner spinner = (Spinner) ((XmlContainerLayout) content).getControlByID("@+id/spinner"); -        spinner.start(); -    } -``` - -The spinner is instantiated as a reference to the `XmlContainerLayout` spinner described in the XML file: - - -``` -<ProgressBar -android:id="@+id/spinner" -android:layout_width="362dp" -android:layout_height="358dp" -tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="296dp" -tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="198dp" -   android:indeterminateTint="#2B05C7" -style="?android:attr/progressBarStyle" /> -``` - -#### 6\. Build the application - -It's time to build the application. You can see and change the target systems in `pom.xml`. Make sure the **Linux Arm** target is available. - -If you are using VSCode, press **F1** on the keyboard, select **TotalCross: Package** and wait for the package to finish. Then you can see the installation files in the **Target** folder. - -#### 7\. Deploy and run the application on Raspberry Pi - -To deploy the application on a [Raspberry Pi 4][19] with the SSH protocol, press **F1** on the keyboard. Select **TotalCross: Deploy&Run** and provide information about your SSH connection: User, IP, Password, and Application Path. - -![TotalCross: Deploy&Run][20] - -(Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr, [CC BY-SA 4.0][13]) - -![SSH user][21] - -(Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr, [CC BY-SA 4.0][13]) - -![IP address][22] - -(Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr, [CC BY-SA 4.0][13]) - -![Password][23] - -(Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr, [CC BY-SA 4.0][13]) - -![Path][24] - -(Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr, [CC BY-SA 4.0][13]) - -Here's what the application looks like running on the machine. - -### What's next? - -KnowCode makes it easier to create and manage your application screens using Java. Knowcode-XML translates your XML into a TotalCross GUI that in turn generates the binary to run on your Raspberry Pi. - -Combining KnowCode technology with TotalCross enables you to create embedded applications faster. Find out what else you can do by accessing our [embedded samples][25] on GitHub and editing your own application. - -If you have questions, need help, or just want to interact with other embedded GUI developers, feel free to join our [Telegram][26] group to discuss embedded applications on any framework. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/21/3/raspberry-pi-totalcross - -作者：[Edson Holanda Teixeira Junior][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/edsonhtj -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/gears_devops_learn_troubleshooting_lightbulb_tips_520.png?itok=HcN38NOk (Tips and gears turning) -[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/totalcross-cross-platform-development -[3]: https://github.com/TotalCross/knowcode-xml -[4]: https://code.visualstudio.com/ -[5]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/open-source-alternatives-vs-code -[6]: https://developer.android.com/studio -[7]: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=totalcross.vscode-totalcross -[8]: https://opensource.com/article/19/11/install-java-linux -[9]: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/install-java-mac -[10]: http://adoptopenjdk.net -[11]: https://opensource.com/life/16/7/stumbling-git -[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/01_printergui.png (printer init screen) -[13]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ -[14]: https://github.com/TotalCross/embedded-samples/tree/main/printer-application/src/main/resources/layout -[15]: https://totalcross.com/get-started/?utm_source=opensource&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=printer -[16]: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=allinurl%3Adocs.oracle.com+javase+docs+api+instantiationexception -[17]: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=allinurl%3Adocs.oracle.com+javase+docs+api+illegalaccessexception -[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/03progressspinner.png (Loading Spinner) -[19]: https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-model-b/ -[20]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/04_totalcross-deployrun.png (TotalCross: Deploy&Run) -[21]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/05_ssh.png (SSH user) -[22]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/06_ip.png (IP address) -[23]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/07_password.png (Password) -[24]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/08_path.png (Path) -[25]: https://github.com/TotalCross/embedded-samples -[26]: https://t.me/totalcrosscommunity diff --git a/translated/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md b/translated/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..828eb188b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20210305 Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java.md @@ -0,0 +1,287 @@ +[#]: subject: (Build a printer UI for Raspberry Pi with XML and Java) +[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/3/raspberry-pi-totalcross) +[#]: author: (Edson Holanda Teixeira Junior https://opensource.com/users/edsonhtj) +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (CoWave-Fall) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) + +用 XML 和 Java 构建树莓派打印机的用户界面（UI） +====== +使用 TotalCross 来快速构建嵌入式系统程序的用户界面。 + +![Tips and gears turning][1] + +从头开始构建 GUI 是一个非常耗时的过程，处理代码中的位置和对齐对于一些程序员来说确实很困难。所以在本文中，我将演示如何使用 XML 加快这一过程。 + + +本项目使用 [TotalCross][2] 作为目标框架。 TotalCross 是一个开源的跨平台软件开发工具包 (SDK)，旨在更快地为嵌入式设备创建 GUI。 TotalCross 无需在设备上运行 Java 即可提供 Java 的开发优势，因为它使用自己的字节码和虚拟机（ TC 字节码TC bytecode 和 TCVM）来增强性能。 + +我还使用了 Knowcode-XML，这是一个用于 TotalCross 框架的开源 XML 解析器，它可以将 XML 文件转换为 TotalCross 组件。 + + +### 项目需求 + +要重现此项目，您需要： + + * [KnowCode-XML][3] + * [VSCode][4] [或 VSCodium][5] + * [一个 Android 开发环境][6] + * [用于 VSCode 的 TotalCross 插件][7] + * 适用于您的开发平台（[Linux][8]、[Mac][9] 或 [Windows][10]）的 Java，需要 Java 11（或更高版本） + * [Git][11] + + + +### 制作嵌入式应用程序 + +该应用程序包含一个具有基本打印功能的嵌入式 GUI，例如扫描、打印和复印。 + +![打印机初始化画面][12] + +(图片提供：Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr，遵循[CC BY-SA 4.0][13]协议) + +构建这个 GUI 需要几个步骤，包括使用 Android-XML 生成 GUI，然后使用 Knowcode-XML 解析器在 TotalCross 框架上运行它。 + +#### 1\. 生成 Android XML + +要创建 XML 文件，首先构建一个简单的 Android 屏幕，然后对其进行自定义。 如果你不知道如何编写 Android-XM，或者你只是想简单尝试一下，你可以从这个 [GitHub 项目][14] 中下载这个应用程序的 XML。 该项目还包含渲染 GUI 要用到的图片。 + +#### 2\. 调整 XML + +生成 XML 文件后，您需要进行一些微调以确保所有内容都已经对齐、比例正确并且图像的路径正确。 + +将 XML 布局添加到 **Layouts** 文件夹，将所有资源添加到 **Drawable** 文件夹。然后您就可以开始自定义 XML 了。 + +例如，如果想要更改 XML 对象的背景，可以更改 `android:background` 属性： + + +``` +`android:background="@drawable/scan"` +``` + +您也可以使用 `tools:layout_editor_absoluteX` 和 `tools:layout_editor_absoluteY` 更改对象的位置： + + +``` +tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="830dp" +tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="511dp" +``` + +或者使用 `android:layout_width` 和 `android:layout_height` 更改对象的大小： + + +``` +android:layout_width="70dp" +android:layout_height="70dp" +``` + +如果要在对象上放置文本，可以使用 `android:textSize`、`android:text`、`android:textStyle` 和 `android:textColor`： + + +``` +android:textStyle="bold" +android:textColor="#000000" +android:textSize="20dp" +android:text="2:45PM" +``` + +下面是一个完整的 XML 对象的示例： + + +``` +    ; +``` + +#### 3\. 在 TotalCross 上运行 GUI + +完成所有 XML 调整后，就可以在 TotalCross 上运行它了。 在 TotalCross 扩展（译注：在 VSCode 里面）上创建一个新项目，并将 **XML** 和 **Drawable** 文件夹添加到 **Main** 文件夹里。 如果您仍然不确定如何创建 TotalCross 项目，请参阅我们的 [入门指南][15]。 + +配置好环境后，使用 `totalcross.knowcode.parse.XmlContainerFactory` 和 `import totalcross.knowcode.parse.XmlContainerLayout` 在 TotalCross 框架上使用 XML GUI。 您可以在其 [GitHub 页面][3] 上找到更多关于使用 KnowCode-XML 的信息。 + +#### 4\. 添加过渡效果 + +这个项目的平滑过渡效果是由 `SlidingNavigator` 类创建的，它使用TotalCross的 `ControlAnimation` 类从一个屏幕滑到另一个屏幕。 + +在 `XMLpresenter` 类上调用 `SlidingNavigator`： + + +``` +`new SlidingNavigator(this).present(HomePresenter.class);` +``` + +在 `SlidingNavigator` 类上实现 `present` 函数： + + +``` +public void present(Class<? extends XMLPresenter> presenterClass) +         throws [InstantiationException][16], [IllegalAccessException][17] { +      final XMLPresenter presenter = cache.containsKey(presenterClass) ? cache.get(presenterClass) +            : presenterClass.newInstance(); +      if (!cache.containsKey(presenterClass)) { +         cache.put(presenterClass, presenter); +      } + +      if (presenters.isEmpty()) { +         window.add(presenter.content, LEFT, TOP, FILL, FILL); +      } else { +         XMLPresenter previous = presenters.lastElement(); + +         window.add(presenter.content, AFTER, TOP, SCREENSIZE, SCREENSIZE, previous.content); +``` + +使用动画控件中的 `PathAnimation` 来创建从一个屏幕到另一个屏幕的滑动动画： + + +``` +         PathAnimation.create(previous.content, -Settings.screenWidth, 0, new ControlAnimation.AnimationFinished() { +            @Override +            public void onAnimationFinished(ControlAnimation anim) { +               window.remove(previous.content); +            } +         }, 1000).with(PathAnimation.create(presenter.content, 0, 0, new ControlAnimation.AnimationFinished() { +            @Override +            public void onAnimation Finished(Control Animation anim) { +               presenter.content.setRect(LEFT, TOP, FILL, FILL); +            } +         }, 1000)).start(); +      } +      presenter.setNavigator(this); +      presenters.push(presenter); +      presenter.bind2(); +      if (presenter.isFirstPresent) { +         presenter.onPresent(); +         presenter.isFirstPresent = false; +      } +``` + +#### 5\. 加载 环形进度条 spinner + +打印机应用程序的另一个不错的功能是显示进度的加载屏幕动画。它包括文本和旋转动画。 + +![加载环形进度条][18] + +(图片提供：Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr，遵循[CC BY-SA 4.0][13]协议) + +通过添加定时器和定时器监听器来更新进度标签，然后调用函数 `spinner.start()` 来实现此功能。所有的动画都是由 TotalCross 和 KnowCode 自动生成的： + + +``` +public void startSpinner() { + time = content.addTimer(500); + content.addTimerListener((e) -> { + try { + progress(); // Updates the Label + } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e1) { + // TODO Auto-generated catch block + e1.printStackTrace(); + } + }); + Spinner spinner = (Spinner) ((XmlContainerLayout) content).getControlByID("@+id/spinner"); + spinner.start(); + } +``` + +这里的环形进度条被实例化为对 XML 文件中描述的 `XmlContainerLayout` 环形进度条 spinner 的引用： + + +``` + +``` + +#### 6\. 构建应用程序 + +是时候构建应用程序了。 您可以在 `pom.xml` 中查看和更改目标系统target systems。 请确保 **Linux Arm** 目标可用。 + +如果您使用的是 VSCode，请按下键盘上的 **F1** 键，选择 **TotalCross: Package** 并等待完成。 然后就可以在 **Target** 文件夹中看到安装文件了。 + +#### 7\. 在树莓派上部署和运行应用程序 + +要使用 SSH 协议在 [树莓派][19] 上部署应用程序，请按键盘上的 **F1**。 选择 **TotalCross: Deploy&Run** 并提供有关您的 SSH 连接的信息，如：用户名、IP地址、密码和应用程序路径。 + +![TotalCross：部署与运行][20] + +(图片提供：Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr，遵循[CC BY-SA 4.0][13]协议) + +![配置 SSH 用户名][21] + +(图片提供：Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr，遵循[CC BY-SA 4.0][13]协议) + +![配置 IP 地址][22] + +(图片提供：Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr，遵循[CC BY-SA 4.0][13]协议) + +![输入密码][23] + +(图片提供：Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr，遵循[CC BY-SA 4.0][13]协议) + +![配置路径][24] + +(图片提供：Edson Holanda Teixeira Jr，遵循[CC BY-SA 4.0][13]协议) + +这是应用程序在机器上运行的样子。 + +