diff --git a/sources/tech/20191223 10 articles to learn Linux your way.md b/sources/tech/20191223 10 articles to learn Linux your way.md deleted file mode 100644 index d54a2f9af8..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20191223 10 articles to learn Linux your way.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,96 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (messon007) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (10 articles to learn Linux your way) -[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/12/learn-linux) -[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth) - -10 articles to learn Linux your way -====== -It's been a good year for Linux, so take a look back at the top 10 Linux -articles on Opensource.com from 2019. -![Penguins gathered together in the Artic][1] - -The year 2019 has been good for Linux with Opensource.com readers. Obviously, the term "Linux" itself is weighted: Does it refer to the kernel or the desktop or the ecosystem? In this look back at the top Linux articles of the year, I've intentionally taken a broad view in defining the top 10 Linux articles (for some definition of "top" and some definition of "Linux"). Here they are, offered in no particular order. - -### A beginner's guide to Linux permissions - -[_A beginner's guide to Linux permissions_][2] by Bryant Son introduces new users to the concept of file permissions with graphics and charts to illustrate each point. It can be hard to come up with visuals for concepts that are, at their core, purely text-based, and this article is friendly for the visual learners out there. I also like how Bryant stays focused. Any discussion of file permissions can lead to several related topics (like ownership and access control lists and so on), but this article is dedicated to explaining one thing and explaining it well. - -### Why I made the switch from Mac to Linux - -Matthew Broberg offers an insightful and honest look at his migration to Linux from MacOS in [_Why I made the switch from Mac to Linux_][3]. Changing platforms is always tough, and it's important to record what's behind the decision to switch. Matt's article, I think, serves several purposes, but the two most important for me: it's an invitation for the Linux community to support him by answering questions and offering potential solutions, and it's a good data point for others who are considering Linux adoption. - -### Troubleshooting slow WiFi on Linux - -In [_Troubleshooting slow WiFi on Linux_][4], David Clinton provides a useful analysis of a problem everyone has on every platform—and has tips on how to solve it. It's a good example of an "incidentally Linux" tip that not only helps everyday people with everyday problems but also shows non-Linux users how approachable troubleshooting (on any platform) is. - -### How GNOME uses Git - -[_How GNOME uses Git_][5] by Molly de Blanc takes a look behind the scenes, revealing how one of the paragons of open source software (the GNOME desktop) uses one of the other paragons of open source (Git) for development. It's always heartening to me to hear about an open source project that defaults to an open source solution for whatever needs to be done. Believe it or not, this isn't always the case, but for GNOME, it's an important and welcoming part of the project's identity. - -### Virtual filesystems in Linux: Why we need them and how they work - -Alison Chaiken masterfully explains what is considered incomprehensible to many users in [_Virtual filesystems in Linux: Why we need them and how they work_][6]. Understanding what a filesystem is and what it does is one thing, but _virtual_ ones aren't even, by definition, real. And yet Linux delivers them in a way that even casual users can benefit from, and Alison's article explains it in a way that anyone can understand. As a bonus, Alison goes even deeper in the second half of the article and demonstrates how to use bcc scripts to monitor everything she just taught you. - -### Understanding file paths and how to use them - -I thought [_Understanding file paths and how to use them_][7] was important to write about because it's a concept most users (on any platform) don't seem to be taught. It's a strange phenomenon, because now, more than ever, the _file path_ is something people see literally on a daily basis: Nearly all internet URLs contain a file path telling you exactly where within the domain you are. I often wonder why computer education doesn't start with the internet, the most familiar app of all and arguably the most heavily used supercomputer in existence, and use it to explain the appliances we interface with each day. (I guess it would help if those appliances were running Linux, but we're working on that.) - -### Inter-process communication in Linux - -[_Inter-process communication in Linux: Shared storage_][8] by Marty Kalin delves into the developer side of Linux, explaining IPC and how to interact with it in your code. I'm cheating by including this article because it's actually a three-part series, but it's the best explanation of its kind. There is very little documentation that manages to explain how Linux handles IPC, much less what IPC is, why it's important, or how to take advantage of it when programming. It's normally a topic you work your way up to in university. Now you can read all about it here instead. - -### Understanding system calls on Linux with strace - -[_Understanding system calls on Linux with strace_][9] by Gaurav Kamathe is highly technical in ways I wish that every conference talk I've ever seen about **strace** was. This is a clear and helpful demonstration of a complex but amazingly useful command. To my surprise, the command I've found myself using since this article isn't the titular command, but **ltrace** (to see which functions are called by a command). Obviously, this article's packed with information and is a handy reference for developers and QA testers. - -### How the Linux desktop has grown - -[_How the Linux desktop has grown_][10] by Jim Hall is a visual journey through the history of the Linux desktop. It starts with [TWM][11] and passes by [FVWM][12], [GNOME][13], [KDE][14], and others. If you're new to Linux, this is a fascinating history lesson from someone who was there (and has the screenshots to prove it). If you've been with Linux for many years, then this will definitely bring back memories. In the end, though, one thing is certain: Anyone who can still locate screenshots from 20 years ago is a superhuman data archivist. - -### Create your own video streaming server with Linux - -[_Create your own video streaming server with Linux_][15] by Aaron J. Prisk breaks down more than just a few preconceptions most of us have about the services we take for granted. Because services like YouTube and Twitch exist, many people assume that those are the only gateways to broadcasting video to the world. Of course, people used to think that Windows and Mac were the only gateways into computing, and that, thankfully, turned out to be a gross miscalculation. In this article, Aaron sets up a video-streaming server and even manages to find space to talk about [OBS][16] in so you can create videos to stream. Is it a fun weekend project or the start of a new career? You decide. - -### 10 moments that shaped Linux history - -[_10 moments that shaped Linux history_][17] by Alan Formy-Duval attempts the formidable task of choosing just 10 things to highlight in the history of Linux. It's an exercise in futility, of course, because there have been so many important moments, so I love how Alan filters it through his own experience. For example, when was it obvious that Linux was going to last? When Alan realized that all the systems he maintained at work were running Linux. There's a beauty to interpreting history this way because the moments of importance will differ for each person. There's no definitive list for Linux, or articles about Linux, or for open source. You make your own list, and you make yourself a part of it. - -### What do you want to learn? - -What else do you want to know about Linux? Please tell us about it in the comments, or [write an article][18] for Opensource.com about your experience with Linux. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/learn-linux - -作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/OSDC_Penguin_Image_520x292_12324207_0714_mm_v1a.png?itok=p7cWyQv9 (Penguins gathered together in the Artic) -[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/6/understanding-linux-permissions -[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/why-switch-mac-linux -[4]: http://opensource.com/article/19/4/troubleshooting-wifi-linux -[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/how-gnome-uses-git -[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/3/virtual-filesystems-linux -[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/understanding-file-paths-linux -[8]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/interprocess-communication-linux-storage -[9]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/linux-backup-solutions -[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/how-linux-desktop-grown -[11]: https://github.com/freedesktop/twm -[12]: http://www.fvwm.org/ -[13]: http://gnome.org -[14]: http://kde.org -[15]: https://opensource.com/article/19/1/basic-live-video-streaming-server -[16]: https://opensource.com/life/15/12/real-time-linux-video-editing-with-obs-studio -[17]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/top-moments-linux-history -[18]: https://opensource.com/how-submit-article diff --git a/translated/tech/20191223 10 articles to learn Linux your way.md b/translated/tech/20191223 10 articles to learn Linux your way.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a1cf036871 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20191223 10 articles to learn Linux your way.md @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "messon007" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " +[#]: subject: "10 articles to learn Linux your way" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/19/12/learn-linux" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" + +2019年关于Linux的10大好文 +======= + +2019年对于Linux来说是个好年份，一起来回顾一下2019年opensource.com上关于Linux的十大好文。 +![Penguins gathered together in the Artic][1] + +2019年，"Linux"一词有了更多含义: 内核? 桌面? 或是生态? 在此次回顾年度Linux好文中，我在选择十大好文时有意采取了更开放的视角。下面就是十大好文(无先后次序之分)。 + +### Linux权限初学者指南 + +Bryant Son的[_Linux权限初学者指南_][2]通过图和表的方式向新用户介绍了文件权限的概念。 通常很难通过可视的方式来解释纯粹以文本为基础的概念，本文则对可视学习者非常友好。 Bryant在讲述时也很聚焦。关于文件权限的任何阐述都可能引出几个相关主题（例如所有权和访问控制列表等），但是本文致力于解释一件事并很好地解释它。 + +### 为什么我从Mac切换到了Linux + +Matthew Broberg在[_为什么我从Mac切换到了Linux_][3]中清楚而客观的介绍了他从MacOS切换到Linux的经历。 通常切换平台是很困难的，因此记录决定切换的背后考虑非常重要。我认为Matt的文章有几个目的，但对我来说最重要的两个目的是：他邀请Linux社区通过解答他的问题并提供潜在的解决方案来支持他；对于其他正在考虑采用Linux的人来说是一个很好的参考。 + +### 在Linux上定位WiFi速度慢的问题 + +在[_在Linux上定位WiFi速度慢的问题_][4]中，David Clinton对所有平台上都可能遇到的问题进行了分析，并提供了怎么样一步步解决的思路。 这是“偶然的Linux”技巧的一个很好的例子，但它不仅可以帮助经常遇到问题的人，而且可以向非Linux用户展示如何在其他平台上进行问题定位。 + +### GNOME是如何使用Git的 + +Molly de Blanc所写的[_GNOME是如何使用Git的_][5]深层次地揭示了开源界的一个典范（GNOME桌面）如何使用开源界的另一个典范（Git）进行开发。 听到一个开源项目无论在哪方面都能满足一个开源解决方案的需求，且成为默认选择，这总是让我感到振奋。无论你信不信，这种情况并不常见，然而对于GNOME来说，这是项目本身的重要且受欢迎的部分。 + +### Linux的虚拟文件系统：为什么需要它们以及其运行机制 + +Alison Chaiken在[_Linux的虚拟文件系统: 为什么需要它们以及其运行机制_][6]中巧妙地解释了对许多用户来说都很难理解的东西。理解文件系统是什么，做什么是一回事，但从定义上讲，_虚拟的_并不是真正的文件系统。Linux以一种普通用户也能从中受益的方式提供了它们，Alison的文章以一种易于理解的方式对其进行了阐述。另外，Alison在文章的后半部分更深入地介绍了如何使用bcc脚本查看她讲的VFS相关内容。 + +### 理解文件路径并学会使用它们 + +我认为完成[_理解文件路径并学会使用它们_][7]很重要，因为这是大多数用户（在任何平台上）似乎都没有学过的概念。 这是一个奇怪的现象，因为现在比以往任何时候，人们都越来越多地看到_文件路徑_：几乎所有的互联网网址都包含一个文件路径，该路径告诉您您在域中的确切位置。互联网是目前最熟悉的应用程序，并且可以说是使用最频繁的超级计算机。我常常在想为什么计算机教育不是从互联网开始的，完全可以用它来解释我们每天使用的设备。（我想如果这些设备运行Linux会有所帮助，但是我们正在努力。） + +### Linux的进程间通信 + +Marty Kalin的[_Linux的进程间通信：共享存储_][8]从Linux的开发者视角解释了IPC以及如何在代码中使用它。 我之所以喜欢这篇文章是因为它实际上是一个三部分的系列，但这是同类文章中最好的阐述。很少有文档能够解释Linux怎样处理IPC，更不用说IPC是什么，为什么它很重要，或者在编程时该如何使用它。通常这是您在大学读书时关注的话题。 现在，您可以在这里阅读所有内容。 + +### 通过strace来理解Linux的系统调用 + +Gaurav Kamathe的[_通过strace来理解Linux的系统调用_][9]具有很强的技术性，我希望我所见过的有关**strace**的每次会议演讲都是如此。 这是对一个复杂但非常有用的命令的清晰演示。令我惊讶的是，我读了本文才发现自己一直使用的命令不是系统调用命令，而是**ltrace**（可以查看命令调用了哪些函数）。本文包含了丰富的信息，是开发人员和测试人员的快捷参考手册。 + +### Linux桌面是如何发展起来的 + +Jim Hall的[_Linux桌面是如何发展起来的_][10]是对Linux桌面历史的一次视觉之旅。从[TWM][11]开始，经历了[FVWM][12]，[GNOME][13]，[KDE][14]等。 如果您是Linux的新手，那么这将是一个出自那个年代人的有趣的历史课（有截图可以证明这一点）。 如果您已经使用Linux多年，那么这肯定会唤醒您的记忆。 最后，可以肯定的是：仍然可以找到20年前屏幕快照的人都是神一样的数据档案管理员。 + +### 用Linux创建您自己的视频流服务器 + +AaronJ. Prisk的[_用Linux创建您自己的视频流服务器_][15]消除了大多数人对我们习以为常的服务的误解。 由于YouTube和Twitch之类服务的存在，许多人认为这是向世界广播视频的唯一方式。当然，人们过去常常以为Windows和Mac是计算机的唯一入口，值得庆幸的是，最终证明这是严重的误解。 在本文中，Aaron建立了一个视频流服务器，而且讲述了[OBS][16]的使用，以便您可以创建视频。这是一个有趣的周末项目还是新职业的开始？ 你自己决定。 + +### 塑造Linux历史的10个时刻 + +Alan Formy-Duval撰写的[_塑造Linux历史的10个时刻_][17]试图完成一项艰巨的任务，即从Linux的历史中选出10件有代表性的事情。当然，这是很难的，因为有如此多重要的时刻，所以我喜欢看Alan如何通过自己的经历来选择它。 例如，什么时候开始意识到Linux必然可以发展下去？ 当Alan意识到他维护的所有系统都在运行Linux。用这种方式来解释历史是很美的，因为每个人的重要时刻都会有所不同。 没有关于Linux的权威性列表，也没有关于Linux的文章，也没有关于开源的列表。 您创建您自己的列表，使您自己成为它的一部分。 + +### 你想从何学起? + +还想知道Linux的什么内容？请在评论区告诉我们或者向Opensource.com来文讲述您的Linux经验。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/learn-linux + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[messon007](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/OSDC_Penguin_Image_520x292_12324207_0714_mm_v1a.png?itok=p7cWyQv9 "Penguins gathered together in the Artic" +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/6/understanding-linux-permissions +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/why-switch-mac-linux +[4]: http://opensource.com/article/19/4/troubleshooting-wifi-linux +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/how-gnome-uses-git +[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/3/virtual-filesystems-linux +[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/understanding-file-paths-linux +[8]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/interprocess-communication-linux-storage +[9]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/linux-backup-solutions +[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/how-linux-desktop-grown +[11]: https://github.com/freedesktop/twm +[12]: http://www.fvwm.org/ +[13]: http://gnome.org +[14]: http://kde.org +[15]: https://opensource.com/article/19/1/basic-live-video-streaming-server +[16]: https://opensource.com/life/15/12/real-time-linux-video-editing-with-obs-studio +[17]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/top-moments-linux-history +[18]: https://opensource.com/how-submit-article