diff --git a/translated/tech/20210922 Install PowerShell on Fedora Linux.md b/published/20210922 Install PowerShell on Fedora Linux.md similarity index 52% rename from translated/tech/20210922 Install PowerShell on Fedora Linux.md rename to published/20210922 Install PowerShell on Fedora Linux.md index 3c41b43ef4..e008f88174 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20210922 Install PowerShell on Fedora Linux.md +++ b/published/20210922 Install PowerShell on Fedora Linux.md @@ -1,45 +1,28 @@ [#]: subject: "Install PowerShell on Fedora Linux" [#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/install-powershell-on-fedora-linux/" -[#]: author: "TheEvilSkeletonOzymandias42 https://fedoramagazine.org/author/theevilskeleton/https://fedoramagazine.org/author/ozymandias42/" +[#]: author: "TheEvilSkeleton, Ozymandias42 https://fedoramagazine.org/author/theevilskeleton/ https://fedoramagazine.org/author/ozymandias42/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "cool-summer-021" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15312-1.html" -在Fedora Linux 系统上安装 PowerShell +在 Fedora Linux 系统上安装 PowerShell ====== -![][1] - -Photos by [NOAA][2] and [Cedric Fox][3] on [Unsplash][4] - -PowerShell(也可写作 pwsh) 是一个功能强大的开源命令行工具，它是面向对象的，由微软开发和维护。它的语法特征冗长，但对用户来说比较直观。本文介绍如何在主机上和在 Podman 或其他容器内安装 PowerShell。 - -### 目录 - - * [为何使用 PowerShell][5] - * [演示实例][6] - * [Bash 和 PowerShell 的比较][7] - * [安装 PowerShell][8] - * [使用包管理器在主机上安装 PowerShell][9] - * [方法1：通过微软仓库][10] - * [方法2：通过 RPM 文件][11] - * [借助容器安装 PowerShell][12] - * [方法1：使用 Podman 容器][13] - * [方法2：使用 Fedora Linux 系统的 Toolbox 容器][14] - +![][0] +PowerShell（也可写作 pwsh）是一个功能强大的开源命令行工具，它是面向对象的，由微软开发和维护。它的语法特征冗长，但对用户来说比较直观。本文介绍如何在主机上和在 Podman 或其他容器内安装 PowerShell。 ### 为何使用 PowerShell -PowerShell，正如它的名字那样，是一个强大的工具。它的句法冗长，但语义清晰。对那些不愿意写长命令的开发者来说，PowerShell 的大多数命令都有别名。可以使用 _Get-Alias_ 或点击[此处][15]查询别名的使用方法。 +PowerShell，正如它的名字那样，是一个强大的工具。它的句法冗长，但语义清晰。对那些不愿意写长命令的开发者来说，PowerShell 的大多数命令都有别名。可以使用 `Get-Alias` 或点击 [此处][15] 查询别名的使用方法。 PowerShell 和传统的 Shell 最大的区别在于它的输出管道。普通的 Shell 输出的是字符串或字符流，PowerShell 输出的是对象。这对命令管道的工作方式具有深远的影响，而且它具有很多的优点。 #### 演示例子 -下面的例子体现的是冗长而清晰的特点。以#号开头的行为注释行。以PS > 开头的行为命令行，**PS >**是提示： +下面的例子体现的是冗长而清晰的特点。以 `#` 号开头的行是注释行。以 `PS > ` 开头的行是命令行，`PS > ` 是提示符： ``` # Return all files greater than 50MB in the current directory. @@ -58,7 +41,7 @@ Mode LastWriteTime Length Name PS > Get-VM VM-1 | Get-Snapshot | Select-Object -Last 3 | Remove-Snapshot ``` -上述例子说明了：带有 _cut_, _sed_, _awk_ 等类似工具的输入-输出格式，在使用 Bash 脚本时是必须具备的技能，而使用 PowerShell 时就不是必备技能了。这是因为 PowerShell 的工作机制跟传统的 POSIX shell（例如 Bash、Zsh、Fish等）有本质的不同。传统的 Shell 的命令输出形式是字符串，而在 PowerShell 中，命令输出形式为对象。 +上述例子说明了：Bash 脚本经常需要用 `cut`、`sed`、`awk` 等工具对输入/输出进行格式化，而使用 PowerShell 时通常就没有这个必要了。这是因为 PowerShell 的工作机制跟传统的 POSIX shell（例如 Bash、Zsh、Fish等）有本质的不同。传统的 Shell 的命令输出形式是字符串，而在 PowerShell 中，命令输出形式为对象。 #### Bash 与 PowerShell 的比较 @@ -75,34 +58,25 @@ A B C [...] ``` -第一个显而易见的差别就是可读性，或更确切地说是语义清晰性。 _ps_ 和 _awk_ 都不是自描述的。_ps_ 命令的功能是显示进程状态，_awk_ 是一种文本处理工具和语言，这个词汇每个字母都是前期开发人员的名字（**A**ho, **W**einberger, **K**ernighan (详见 [Wikipedia][16])）的首字母。然而，在把它与 PowerShell 作比较前，考察以下脚本： +第一个显而易见的差别就是可读性，或更确切地说是语义清晰度。 `ps` 和 `awk` 都不是自描述的。`ps` 命令的功能是显示进程状态；`awk` 是一种文本处理工具和语言，这个词汇每个字母都是前期开发人员的名字（**A**ho, **W**einberger, **K**ernighan（详见 [维基百科][16]）的首字母。然而，在把它与 PowerShell 作比较前，先看看这个脚本： - * _ps -e_ 输出所有运行中的进程; + * `ps -e` 输出所有运行中的进程； + * `-O rss` 输出 `ps` 的默认输出内容，再加上 RSS 字段 —— 每个进程使用的千字节数（以 KB 为单位）；输出结果类似于： - * _-O rss_ 输出 _ps_ 的默认输出内容，每个进程分别显示其占用的字节数（以 KB 为单位）；输出结果类似于： - -``` -PID RSS S TTY TIME COMMAND 1 13776 S ? 00:00:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd -``` - - * | 管道操作符使用左边命令的输出作为右边命令的输入。 - - * _awk -F’ ‘_ 定义"空格"，作为输入域操作符。再回到上面的例子，PID 是第一个，RSS 是第二个，依此类推。 - - * _‘{ if($2 >= (1024*200)_ 是实际的 AWK-script 代码起始处。它的作用是检查第2个字段([RSS][17])是否包含大于或等于 1024*200 的数字； - - * _{ printf(“%s\t%s\t%s\n”,$1,$2,$6);} }’_ 继续分析脚本代码。如果前面的条件成立，则输出第一、第二和第六个字段(分别是 [PID][18], [RSS][17] 和 COMMAND)。 - - - - -记住这点，往回看编写这段脚本需要什么以及如何令它正常工作： - - * 输入命令_ps_的输出中必须包含我们想要过滤的字段。这不是默认的实例，需要我们使用 _-O_ 标志和 _rss_ 字段作为参数。 - * 我们需要将 _ps_ 的输出当作一组输入字段，所以我们还应当知道它们的顺序和结构。换句话说，我们至少需要确定 _RSS_ 是第二个字段。这也意味着我们需要提前知道 _ps_ 的输出信息的大致情况。 - * 然后我们需要知道过滤的数据位于什么单元以及相关工具运行于什么单元。也就是我们需要得到 _RSS_ 和 _awk_ 字段占用了多少字节。不然我们也不会写出 _($2 >= 1024*200)_ 这样的表达式。 + ``` + PID RSS S TTY TIME COMMAND + 1 13776 S ? 00:00:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd + ``` + * `|` 管道操作符使用左边命令的输出作为右边命令的输入。 + * `awk -F' '` 定义“空格”，作为输入字段分隔符。以上面的例子来说，PID 是第一个字段，RSS 是第二个字段，依此类推。 + * `'{ if($2 >= (1024*200)) {` 是实际的 AWK 代码起始处。它的作用是检查第二个字段（[RSS][17]）是否包含一个大于或等于 1024*200 的数字； + * `printf(“%s\t%s\t%s\n”,$1,$2,$6);}` 脚本继续。如果前面的条件成立，则输出第一、第二和第六个字段（分别是 [PID][18]、[RSS][17] 和 `COMMAND` 字段）。 +考虑到这一点，退一步说，编写这段脚本需要什么才能令它工作： + * 输入命令 `ps` 的输出中必须包含我们想要过滤的字段。这在默认情况下是没有的，需要我们使用 `-O` 标志和 `rss` 字段作为参数。 + * 我们需要将 `ps` 的输出当作一组输入字段，所以我们还应当知道它们的顺序和结构。换句话说，我们至少需要确定 `RSS` 是第二个字段。这也意味着我们需要提前知道 `ps` 的输出信息的大致情况。 + * 然后我们需要知道过滤的数据是什么单位，以及相关工具的单位是什么。也就是我们需要知道 `RSS` 和 `awk` 字段使用 kb。不然我们就不能写出 `($2 >= 1024*200)` 这样的表达式。 现在，我们把前面的命令跟 PoserShell 中等价的命令比较： @@ -120,9 +94,9 @@ NPM(K) PM(M) WS(M) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName 首先应该注意到，语义非常清晰。这些命令都是自描述的，能清晰描述它们做什么。 -此外，不需要对输入-输出重新格式化，也不需要关心输入命令使用的单元。这是因为 PowerShell 输出的是对象，而非字符串。 +此外，不需要对输入-输出重新格式化，也不需要关心输入命令使用的单位。这是因为 PowerShell 输出的是对象，而非字符串。 -考虑下述情况，就可以理解这些内容。在 Bash 中，命令的输出信息就是终端显示的信息。在 PowerShell 中，终端显示的信息并不等于实际可用的信息。这是由于 PowerShell 中的输出-打印系统使用的也是对象。因此 PowerShell 中每一条命令都对输出的对象的一些属性作了可打印的标记，也对一些属性作了不可打印的标记。Bash 中的输出位置被分为一些“字段”，以空格或制表符为标志，在 PowerShell 中它是一个容易寻址的对象属性，只需要知道它的名称即可使用。就像上述例子中的 _WorkingSet_ 那样。 +考虑下述情况，就可以理解这些内容。在 Bash 中，命令的输出信息就是终端显示的信息。在 PowerShell 中，终端显示的信息并不等于实际可用的信息。这是由于 PowerShell 中的输出-打印系统使用的也是对象。因此 PowerShell 中每一条命令都对输出的对象的一些属性作了可打印的标记，也对一些属性作了不可打印的标记。然而，它总是包括所有的属性，而 Bash 只包括它实际打印的内容。我们可以把它想象成 JSON 对象。Bash 中的输出位置被分为一些“字段”，以空格或制表符为标志，在 PowerShell 中它是一个容易寻址的对象属性，只需要知道它的名称即可使用。就像上述例子中的 `WorkingSet` 那样。 为了看到一条命令的输出对象的所有属性和它们的类型，可以进行以下操作: @@ -134,11 +108,11 @@ PS > Get-Process | Get-Member PowerShell 安装包的形式有若干种，包括 Fedora Linux 中使用的 RPM 安装包。本文介绍在 Fedora Linux 中如何使用多种方法安装 PowerShell。 -我推荐使用原生的方法安装。但我也会介绍如何在容器中安装。官方 Microsoft PowerShell 容器和 Fedora Linux 30 工具箱容器的使用，我都会介绍。使用容器的优点在于，所有的依赖捆绑在其中，并且会从主机分离出去，所以它一定是有效的。无论如何，虽然官方文档只是明确支持 Fedora Linux 发行版 28-30，我还是建议使用原生的方法安装。 +我推荐使用原生的方法安装。但我也会介绍如何在容器中安装。我将展示使用官方微软 PowerShell 容器和 Fedora Linux 30 的 Toolbox 容器。使用容器的优点在于，所有的依赖捆绑在其中，并且与主机隔离，所以它一定是有效的。无论如何，虽然官方文档只是明确指出支持 Fedora Linux 发行版的 28-30 版本，我还是建议使用原生的方法安装。 -**注意:** 官方支持意味着一定有效。其他的版本也不是一定不兼容。也就是说，高于 30 的发行版也应该有效。经过测试，的确如此。 +**注意：** 官方支持意味着一定有效。但其他的版本也不是一定不兼容。也就是说，高于 30 的发行版也应该有效。经过测试，的确如此。 -在容器中设置并运行 PowerShell 比直接在主机上运行它难度更大，安装需要花费更多时间，而且你还不能直接运行命令。 +在容器中设置并运行 PowerShell 比直接在主机上运行它难度更大，安装需要花费更多时间，而且你还不能直接运行主机的命令。 #### 在主机上使用包管理器安装 PowerShell @@ -153,9 +127,7 @@ PowerShell 安装包的形式有若干种，包括 Fedora Linux 中使用的 RPM 3. 刷新 DNF 缓存，将新仓库中的有关包包含进来 4. 安装新包 - - -使用命令 _pwsh_ 启动 PowerShell。 +然后使用命令 `pwsh` 启动 PowerShell。 ``` $ sudo rpm --import https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc @@ -165,19 +137,18 @@ $ sudo dnf install powershell $ pwsh ``` -欲删除仓库和包，运行以下命令。 +欲删除仓库和包，运行以下命令： ``` $ sudo rm /etc/yum.repos.d/microsoft.repo $ sudo dnf remove powershell ``` -##### 方法2：使用 PRM 文件 +##### 方法 2：使用 PRM 文件 这种方法与第一种方法没有明显的差别。实际上，在安装 RPM 文件时，隐式添加了 GPG 密码和仓库。这是由于 RPM 文件包含它们两者的关联关系，保存在它的元数据中。 -首先，从 [PowerShell GitHub 仓库][19] 获取相应版本的 _.rpm_ 文件。然后查看 readme.md 文件中的 “获取 PowerShell” 部分的内容。 - +首先，从 [PowerShell GitHub 仓库][19] 获取相应版本的 `.rpm` 文件。然后查看 `readme.md` 文件中的 “获取 PowerShell” 部分的内容。 第二步，输入以下命令： @@ -185,7 +156,7 @@ $ sudo dnf remove powershell $ sudo dnf install powershell-.rhel.7..rpm ``` -在 version 和 architecture 节点中填写各自的内容，例如 [powershell-7.1.3-1.rhel.7.x86_64.rpm][20]。 +在 `` 和 `` 节点中填写各自的内容，例如 [powershell-7.1.3-1.rhel.7.x86_64.rpm][20]。 你也可以使用链接运行它，不指定版本和架构，先把它下载到本地。 @@ -193,7 +164,7 @@ $ sudo dnf install powershell-.rhel.7..rpm $ sudo dnf install https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/releases/download/v/powershell-.rhel.7..rpm ``` -欲删除 PowerShell，运行以下命令。 +欲删除 PowerShell，运行以下命令： ``` $ sudo dnf remove powershell @@ -203,48 +174,46 @@ $ sudo dnf remove powershell ##### 方法一：使用 Podman 容器 -Podman 是一个兼容[开放容器倡议][21](OCI)的、嵌入式的容器引擎，它可以代替 Docker。 +Podman 是一个兼容 [开放容器倡议][21]（OCI）的、嵌入式的容器引擎，它可以代替 Docker。 -微软提供了[PowerShell Docker 容器集成工具][22]。下面的例子将在 Podman 中使用容器。 +微软提供了 [PowerShell Docker 容器集成工具][22]。下面的例子将在 Podman 中使用容器。 -欲了解更多关于 Podman 的信息，可以访问 [Podman.io][23]。Fedora 杂志还有一个专为 Podman 设计的[标签][24]。 +欲了解更多关于 Podman 的信息，可以访问 [Podman.io][23]。Fedora 杂志还有一个专为 Podman 设计的 [标签][24]。 欲在 Podman 中使用 PowerShell，运行以下脚本： ``` $ podman run \ - -it \ - --privileged \ - --rm \ - --name powershell \ - --env-host \ - --net=host --pid=host --ipc=host \ - --volume $HOME:$HOME \ - --volume /:/var/host \ - mcr.microsoft.com/powershell \ - /usr/bin/pwsh -WorkingDirectory $(pwd) + -it \ + --privileged \ + --rm \ + --name powershell \ + --env-host \ + --net=host --pid=host --ipc=host \ + --volume $HOME:$HOME \ + --volume /:/var/host \ + mcr.microsoft.com/powershell \ + /usr/bin/pwsh \ + -WorkingDirectory $(pwd) ``` -这段脚本为使用 PowerShell 创建了一个 Podman 容器，并立即将它连接起来。它还将 _/home_ 和主机的根目录挂载到容器中，确保它们在容器中是可用的。无论如何，在 _/var/host_ 目录下，主机的根目录是可获取的。 +这段脚本为使用 PowerShell 创建了一个 Podman 容器，并立即接入其中。它还将 `/home` 和主机的根目录挂载到容器中，确保它们在容器中是可用的。无论如何，在 `/var/host` 目录下，主机的根目录是可访问的。 -但是，在容器内部，你只能间接运行主机命令。有一种变通办法，就是先运行 _chroot /var/host_ 改变根目录，然后运行主机命令。 +但是，在容器内部，你只能间接运行主机命令。有一种变通办法，就是先运行 `chroot /var/host` 改变根目录，然后运行主机命令。 为了把命令拆分开来讲解，除非特别指定，以下所有内容都是强制性的： - * -it 创建一个持久环境，当您进入该环境后，不会轻易退出； - * \--privileged 给予容器扩展的权限（可选）； - * \--rm 当你退出时移除容器； - * \--name 设置容器名称； - * \--env-host 将所有主机的环境变量设置为容器的变量值（可选）； - * \--volume $HOME:$HOME 加载用户目录； - * \--volume /:/var/host 将根目录挂载到 _/var/host_（可选）； - * \--net=host --pid=host --ipc=host 在主机的命名空间中运行进程（而非一组单独的名称空间）； - * docker.io/microsoft/powershell 进入容器 - * /usr/bin/pwsh -WorkingDirectory $(pwd) 在当前目录下进入容器（可选）。 - - - -可选但很方便的参数：别名 _pwsh_，脚本中有了它，可以输入 _pwsh_ 轻松访问 Podman 容器。 + * `-it` 创建一个持久环境，当你进入该环境后，不会轻易退出； + * `--privileged` 给予容器扩展的权限（可选）； + * `--rm` 当你退出时移除容器； + * `--name` 设置容器名称； + * `--env-host` 将所有主机的环境变量设置为容器的变量（可选）； + * `--net=host --pid=host --ipc=host` 在主机的命名空间中运行进程（而非一组单独的名称空间）； + * `--volume $HOME:$HOME` 挂载用户目录； + * `--volume /:/var/host` 将主机根目录挂载到 `/var/host`（可选）； + * `mcr.microsoft.com/powershell` 进入容器； + * `/usr/bin/pwsh` 可选但很方便的参数：用别名 `pwsh`，脚本中有了它，可以输入 `pwsh` 轻松访问 Podman 容器； + * `-WorkingDirectory $(pwd)` 在当前目录下进入容器（可选）。 欲移除 PowerShell 镜像，运行以下命令： @@ -254,27 +223,29 @@ $ podman rmi mcr.microsoft.com/powershell ##### 方法二：Fedora 系统的 Toolbox 容器 -在不影响主机系统的情况下安装持久化环境，使用 Toolbox 是一种巧妙的解决方案。它类似于 Podman 的封装器，负责提供大量的标志，就像方法一中提到的那样。因此，Toolbox 比 Podman 容易使用。它可以用来开发和调试。有了 Toolbox，你可以运行任何命令，跟你直接在 Fedora 工作站主机上运行是一样的。 +在不影响主机系统的情况下安装持久化环境，使用 Toolbox 容器是一种巧妙的解决方案。它充当了 Podman 的封装器，负责提供大量的标志，就像方法一中提到的那样。因此，Toolbox 比 Podman 容易使用。它可以用来开发和调试。有了 Toolbox，你可以运行任何命令，跟你直接在 Fedora 工作站主机上运行是一样的。 -安装步骤跟在主机上安装一样，唯一的区别就是在容器内部进行。你需要确保已经安装了 _toolbox_ 包。 +安装步骤跟在主机上安装一样，唯一的区别就是在容器内部进行。你需要确保已经安装了 `toolbox` 包。 使用 Fedora 34 Toolbox 容器需要两个步骤： 1. 创建 Fedora 34 Toolbox 容器 2. 运行 Fedora 34 Toolbox 容器 - - ``` $ toolbox create --image registry.fedoraproject.org/f34/fedora-toolbox $ toolbox enter --container fedora-toolbox ``` -接着，按照[方法一：使用微软仓库][10]中的相关内容操作。 +接着，按照 [方法一：使用微软仓库][10] 中的相关内容操作。 -可选但非常方便的做法：使用别名，可以轻松地访问 Toolbox 容器。 +可选但非常方便的做法：使用别名 `pwsh`，可以轻松地访问 Toolbox 容器： -欲移除 Toolbox 容器，需要确保你已经使用 _exit_ 关闭了 Toolbox 会话，然后运行以下命令： +``` +toolbox run –container fedora-toolbox pwsh +``` + +欲移除 Toolbox 容器，需要确保你已经使用 `exit` 关闭了 Toolbox 会话，然后运行以下命令： ``` $ podman kill fedora-toolbox @@ -285,10 +256,10 @@ $ toolbox rm fedora-toolbox via: https://fedoramagazine.org/install-powershell-on-fedora-linux/ -作者：[TheEvilSkeletonOzymandias42][a] +作者：[TheEvilSkeleton, Ozymandias42][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[cool-summer-021](https://github.com/cool-summer-021) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 @@ -318,3 +289,4 @@ via: https://fedoramagazine.org/install-powershell-on-fedora-linux/ [22]: https://hub.docker.com/_/microsoft-powershell [23]: https://podman.io/ [24]: https://fedoramagazine.org/tag/podman/ +[0]: https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202212/03/120749nkevgkb12exbeffg.jpg \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20221107.5 ⭐️ How to Install OpenOffice in Arch Linux [Beginner’s Guide].md b/published/20221107.5 ⭐️ How to Install OpenOffice in Arch Linux [Beginner’s Guide].md similarity index 65% rename from translated/tech/20221107.5 ⭐️ How to Install OpenOffice in Arch Linux [Beginner’s Guide].md rename to published/20221107.5 ⭐️ How to Install OpenOffice in Arch Linux [Beginner’s Guide].md index 9fefcb15a6..ed68a3711c 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20221107.5 ⭐️ How to Install OpenOffice in Arch Linux [Beginner’s Guide].md +++ b/published/20221107.5 ⭐️ How to Install OpenOffice in Arch Linux [Beginner’s Guide].md @@ -3,44 +3,46 @@ [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15308-1.html" 如何在 Arch Linux 中安装 OpenOffice（新手指南） ====== -**在 Arch Linux 及其衍生版中安装 OpenOffice 的初学者指南。** +![][0] -[OpenOffice][1] 是最古老的免费开源办公生产力套件，已经维护了一段时间。它是由 Apache 开发，尽管它已经被分叉为 LibreOffice，但仍然是一个受欢迎的套件。 +> 在 Arch Linux 及其衍生版中安装 OpenOffice 的初学者指南。 + +[OpenOffice][1] 是最古老的自由开源的办公生产力套件，已经维护了一段时间。它是由 Apache 开发，尽管它已经被分叉为 LibreOffice，但仍然是一个受欢迎的套件。 本教程适用于那些想要安装 OpenOffice 以满足工作和其他需要的人。 -**注意**：在安装之前，请记住许多更新的功能和与 Microsoft Office 的兼容性在 OpenOffice 中并未得到完全支持。如果你想要更现代的 Office 套件版本，请尝试 [LibreOffice][2]。 +**注意**：在安装之前，请记住许多更新的功能和与微软 Office 的兼容性在 OpenOffice 中并未得到完全支持。如果你想要更现代的 Office 套件版本，请尝试 [LibreOffice][2]。 ### 在 Arch Linux 中安装 OpenOffice -[OpenOffice 软件包][3]在 Arch 用户仓库中可用。因此，要安装它，你需要使用 Aur 助手程序。这是你需要做的。按照下面提到的步骤安装 Yay AUR 助手。如果你想了解有关 Yay 的更多信息，请参阅[此处提供][4]的详细指南。 +[OpenOffice 软件包][3] 在 Arch 用户仓库中可用。因此，要安装它，你需要使用 AUR 助手程序。这是你需要做的。按照下面提到的步骤安装 Yay AUR 助手。如果你想了解有关 Yay 的更多信息，请参阅 [此处提供][4] 的详细指南。 -- 依次运行以下命令来安装基本包并克隆 Yay。 +依次运行以下命令来安装基本包并克隆 Yay： ``` sudo pacman -S base-develsudo pacman -S gitcd /optsudo git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git ``` -- 通过将 `debugpoint` 替换为你的 Arch 系统的用户名来运行以下命令。 +通过将 `debugpoint` 替换为你的 Arch 系统的用户名来运行以下命令： ``` sudo chown -R debugpoint:users ./yay ``` -- 最后，使用以下命令安装 AUR 助手。 +最后，使用以下命令安装 AUR 助手： ``` cd yaymakepkg -si ``` -- 完成后，使用以下命令安装 OpenOffice： +完成后，使用以下命令安装 OpenOffice： ``` yay -S openoffice-bin @@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ yay -S openoffice-bin ### 总结 -使用上述方法，你还可以在 Majnaro 和其他基于 Arch Linux 的发行版中安装 OpenOffice。尽管它是一个较旧的办公生产力套件，但你应该记住，它并不完全兼容现代 Microsoft Office 文档类型（例如 docx、xlsx）。 +使用上述方法，你还可以在 Majnaro 和其他基于 Arch Linux 的发行版中安装 OpenOffice。尽管它是一个较旧的办公生产力套件，但你应该记住，它并不完全兼容现代微软 Office 文档类型（例如 docx、xlsx）。 如果你在安装过程中遇到任何错误，请在下面的评论栏中给我们留言。 @@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/install-openoffice-arch/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 @@ -82,3 +84,4 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/install-openoffice-arch/ [5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Install-OpenOffice-in-Arch-Linux-via-Yay-helper.jpg [6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/OpenOffice-in-Arch-Linux-Application-Menu-XFCE.jpg [7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Latest-OpenOffice-running-in-Arch-Linux.jpg +[0]: https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202212/01/151227rcrfy8marckyftyg.jpg \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20221115.0 ⭐️ You Can Now Install Unity 7.6 Desktop on Arch Linux.md b/published/20221115.0 ⭐️ You Can Now Install Unity 7.6 Desktop on Arch Linux.md similarity index 65% rename from translated/tech/20221115.0 ⭐️ You Can Now Install Unity 7.6 Desktop on Arch Linux.md rename to published/20221115.0 ⭐️ You Can Now Install Unity 7.6 Desktop on Arch Linux.md index 1cb5d92805..61b8645189 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20221115.0 ⭐️ You Can Now Install Unity 7.6 Desktop on Arch Linux.md +++ b/published/20221115.0 ⭐️ You Can Now Install Unity 7.6 Desktop on Arch Linux.md @@ -3,13 +3,17 @@ [#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15316-1.html" -你现在可以在 Arch Linux 上安装 Unity 7.6 桌面 +你现在可以在 Arch Linux 上安装 Unity 7.6 桌面了 ====== +> 想在 Arch Linux 上试试 Unity 吗？现在可以了！ + +![](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w2000/2022/11/unity-on-arch-linux.png) + Unity Desktop 是由 Canonical 构建的经典桌面环境，它从 2010 年到 2017 年是 Ubuntu 的一部分，但为了支持 GNOME 而放弃。 我们认为它永远被杀死了。但它卷土重来。 @@ -22,7 +26,7 @@ Unity 7.6 的发布标志着大量改进的到来。 而且，更进一步，Unity 7.6 已可用于 Arch Linux。开发者提到： -> 此移植基于 chenxiaolong 的早期成果 Unity-for-Arch（2011-2016 年维护）。 +> 此移植基于 chenxiaolong （于 2011-2016 年维护）的早期成果 Unity-for-Arch。 ### 在 Arch Linux 上试用 Unity 7.6 @@ -30,17 +34,21 @@ Unity 7.6 的发布标志着大量改进的到来。 首先，你必须确保你已经安装了 Arch Linux。 -Then you can follow these steps to run Unity 7.6 on Arch Linux: 然后你可以按照以下步骤在 Arch Linux 上运行 Unity 7.6： -- **安装“[Paru][3]”，它是一个 AUR 助手。** -- **使用 “paru -S unity-installer-arch” 安装名为 “unity-installer-arch” 的脚本** -- **在 TTY/终端窗口中运行 “unity-installer-arch”。** -- **选择 “安装 Unity 桌面”。** -- **将默认显示管理器更改为 “lightdm”。** -- **使用 “unity-greeter” 作为默认登录界面。** +安装 [Paru][3]，它是一个 AUR 助手。 -的同事 Sreenath 尝试了一下，在安装过程中，由于多重依赖冲突，他不得不从全新的 Arch 开始。 +使用 `paru -S unity-installer-arch` 安装名为 `unity-installer-arch` 的脚本。 + +在 TTY/终端窗口中运行 `unity-installer-arch`。 + +选择 “安装 Unity 桌面Install Unity desktop”。 + +将默认显示管理器更改为 `lightdm`。 + +使用 `unity-greeter` 作为默认登录界面。 + +我的同事 Sreenath 尝试了一下，在安装过程中，由于多重依赖冲突，他不得不从全新的 Arch 开始。 对你来说可能有所不同，但请记住这一点。如果你不想花时间在这上面，你可能想试试 [Ubuntu Unity][4]。 @@ -50,7 +58,7 @@ Then you can follow these steps to run Unity 7.6 on Arch Linux: 你想让那发生吗？ -_💬 你是 Unity 桌面的现有用户吗？想试试看么？在评论区分享你的观点。_ +💬 你是 Unity 桌面的用户吗？想试试看么？在评论区分享你的观点。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -59,7 +67,7 @@ via: https://news.itsfoss.com/unity-arch-linux/ 作者：[Sourav Rudra][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/tech/20221117.1 ⭐️ Authenticator A Simple Open-Source App to Replace Authy on Linux.md b/published/20221117.1 ⭐️ Authenticator A Simple Open-Source App to Replace Authy on Linux.md similarity index 69% rename from translated/tech/20221117.1 ⭐️ Authenticator A Simple Open-Source App to Replace Authy on Linux.md rename to published/20221117.1 ⭐️ Authenticator A Simple Open-Source App to Replace Authy on Linux.md index bcd56c0b15..6cf779848d 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20221117.1 ⭐️ Authenticator A Simple Open-Source App to Replace Authy on Linux.md +++ b/published/20221117.1 ⭐️ Authenticator A Simple Open-Source App to Replace Authy on Linux.md @@ -3,19 +3,18 @@ [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15313-1.html" -Authenticator：一个简单的开源应用来替代 Linux 上的 Authy +Authenticator：一个 Linux 上的 Authy 的简单的开源替代品 ====== -Authy 是一款流行的应用，用于存储和管理双因素码。它是一项基于云的服务，可为你提供便利的工业级安全性。不幸的是，它不是开源的。 +Authy 是一款流行的应用，用于存储和管理双因素代码。它是一项基于云的服务，可为你提供便利的工业级安全性。不幸的是，它不是开源的。 你会考虑在 Linux 桌面上使用更直接（和开源）的身份验证器应用吗？ - -嗯，当然，你不能使用云同步。但是你可以为双因素身份验证码生成备份。记住这点，让我告诉您更多有关 Authenticator 的信息。 +嗯，当然，你不能使用云同步。但是你可以为双因素身份验证码做个备份。记住这点，让我告诉你更多有关 Authenticator 的信息。 ![authenticator app ft][1] @@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ Authenticator 就是这样一款适用于 Linux 的应用，他可让你添加 ![authenticator ui][2] -它是一个免费的开源应用，具有添加各种支持双因素身份验证的令牌和网站的基本功能。 +它是一个自由开源的应用，具有添加各种支持双因素身份验证的令牌和网站的基本功能。 ### 身份验证器的特点 @@ -38,17 +37,17 @@ Authenticator 就是这样一款适用于 Linux 的应用，他可让你添加 - 使用相机或截图的二维码扫描器 - 使用密码保护应用 - 自动锁定应用 -- 支持不同的算法 (SHA-1/SHA-256/SHA-512) -- 支持基于时间/基于计数器/Steam 计算方法 +- 支持各种算法（SHA-1/SHA-256/SHA-512） +- 支持基于时间/基于计数器/流式计算方法 - 备份/恢复选项（FreeOTP、Aegis 和 OTP、Bitwarden 和 Google Authenticator） -你可以获得自定义选项，并能够根据服务提供的支持添加自定义提供程序。可以为提供商添加自定义图标，以帮助你区分身份验证代码。 +你可以设置自定义选项，并能够根据服务提供的支持添加自定义的提供者。可以为提供者添加自定义图标，以帮助你区分身份验证代码。 ![authenticator 自定义提供程序][5] -在大多数情况下，默认设置应该适用于网站。但是，如果它不起作用，你可能需要与提供商核实确切的详细信息。 +在大多数情况下，默认设置应该适用于网站。但是，如果它不起作用，你可能需要与提供者核实确切的详细信息。 -该应用还具有开箱即用的多个提供商，例如 Google Drive 和 Proton Mail。因此，你无需为添加的每个条目添加自定义配置。 +该应用还具有开箱即用的多个提供者，例如 Google Drive 和 Proton Mail。因此，你无需为添加的每个条目添加自定义配置。 ### 在 Linux 上安装 Authenticator @@ -64,13 +63,13 @@ flatpak install flathub com.belmoussaoui.Authenticator 你可以前往其 [Flathub][7] 或 GitLab 页面探索更多信息。 -如果你是 Linux 世界的新手，请参阅我们的 [Flatpak 指南][8]进行设置。你的软件中心可能已经启用了 Flatpak 集成。这种情况下，你可以搜索安装它。 +如果你是 Linux 世界的新手，请参阅我们的 [Flatpak 指南][8] 进行设置。你的软件中心可能已经启用了 Flatpak 集成。这种情况下，你可以搜索安装它。 ### 使用开源身份验证器应用确保安全性和可靠性 我们经常依赖云驱动的工具来处理所有事情。当然，这很方便。 -但是，有时桌面应用更有用。如果你在同一条船上并考虑进行转换，Authenticator 可能是一款出色的应用，可以安装用于双因素身份验证码。 +但是，有时桌面应用更有用。如果你也这么想并考虑进行转换，Authenticator 可能是一款值得安装的出色的应用，可以用于双因素身份验证码。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/authenticator/ 作者：[Ankush Das][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/tech/20221122.0 ⭐️ Find bugs with the git bisect command.md b/published/20221122.0 ⭐️ Find bugs with the git bisect command.md similarity index 56% rename from translated/tech/20221122.0 ⭐️ Find bugs with the git bisect command.md rename to published/20221122.0 ⭐️ Find bugs with the git bisect command.md index 948e255712..f870c884c0 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20221122.0 ⭐️ Find bugs with the git bisect command.md +++ b/published/20221122.0 ⭐️ Find bugs with the git bisect command.md @@ -3,34 +3,38 @@ [#]: author: "Dwayne McDaniel https://opensource.com/users/dwaynemcdaniel" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "chai001125" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15310-1.html" -使用 git bisect 命令定位首次引入错误的提交 +使用 Git bisect 命令定位首次引入错误的提交 ====== -你是不是有过这样的经历：发现代码中有 错误 bug ，但不知道这个错误是什么时候第一次引入的。这有可能是因为，某个人提交了一份有错误的代码，但没有在他的 Git 提交 commit 消息中声明这个错误。这个错误可能已经存在了几周、几个月甚至几年，这意味着你需要搜索数百或数千个提交，才能找到问题何时出现的。而 `git bisect` 命令能够完美地解决这个问题！ +![][0] -`git bisect` 命令是一个强大的工具。你可以给 `git bisect` 命令一个范围，一端是一个已知的好状态，另一端是一个已知的坏状态。它会自动地确认当前范围的中点，在这个中点上进行测试，然后要求你告诉它那次提交是一个 好提交 good commit 还是一个 坏提交 bad commit ，然后它会重复这一“二分查找”的过程，直到你找到首次引入错误的那一次提交。 +> Git 的 bisect 工具通过快速识别坏的提交，节省了时间和精力。 + +你是不是有过这样的经历：发现代码中有 错误 bug ，但不知道这个错误是什么时候引入的。这有可能是因为，某个人提交了一份有错误的代码，但没有在他的 Git 提交 commit 消息中声明它。这个错误可能已经存在了几周、几个月甚至几年，这意味着你需要搜索数百或数千个提交，才能找到问题何时出现的。而 `git bisect` 命令能够完美地解决这个问题！ + +`git bisect` 命令是一个强大的工具。你可以给 `git bisect` 命令一个范围，一端是一个已知的好状态，另一端是一个已知的坏状态。它会自动地确认当前范围的中点，在这个中点上进行测试，然后要求你确定那次提交是一个 好提交 good commit 还是一个 坏提交 bad commit ，然后它会重复这一“二分查找”的过程，直到你找到首次引入错误的那一次提交。 ![Image of Zeno's paradox of Achilles.][1] -这个“数学”工具是利用“二分查找”来找到错误之处的。`git bisect` 命令通过**查看中点**，然后由你来决定它是提交列表的新起点（即 bad commit ）还是新终点(即 good commit)，进而来缩小查找范围，如此在几次查找中你可以就能定位到有错误的提交。即使你有 10,000 个提交要检查，最多只需要 13 次查找，就能很快地定位到首次引入错误的提交。 +这个“数学”工具是利用“二分查找”来找到错误之处的。`git bisect` 命令通过**查看中点**，然后由你来决定它是提交列表的新起点（即 “坏提交” ）还是新终点（即 “好提交”），进而来缩小查找范围，如此在几次查找中你可以就能定位到有错误的提交。即使你有 10,000 个提交要检查，最多只需要 13 次查找，就能很快地定位到首次引入错误的提交。 -- commit 1 bad <> commit 10,000 good => commit 5,000 is bad -- commit 5,000 bad <> commit 10,000 good => commit 7,500 is good -- commit 5,000 bad <> commit 7,500 good => commit 6,250 is good -- commit 5,000 bad <> commit 6,250 good => commit 5,625 is bad -- commit 5,625 bad <> commit 6,250 good => commit 5,938 is bad -- commit 5,938 bad <> commit 6,250 good => commit 6,094 is good -- commit 5,938 bad <> commit 6,094 good => commit 6,016 is bad -- commit 6,016 bad <> commit 6,094 good => commit 6,055 is good -- commit 6,016 bad <> commit 6,055 good => commit 6,036 is bad -- commit 6036 bad <> commit 6055 good => commit 6046 is bad -- commit 6,046 bad <> commit 6,055 good => commit 6,050 is bad -- commit 6,050 bad <> commit 6,055 good => commit 6,053 is good -- commit 6,053 bad <> commit 6,055 good => commit 6,054 is good +1. 提交 1 坏 <> 提交 10,000 好 => 提交 5,000 是坏的 +2. 提交 5,000 坏 <> 提交 10,000 好 => 提交 7,500 是好的 +3. 提交 5,000 坏 <> 提交 7,500 好 => 提交 6,250 是好的 +4. 提交 5,000 坏 <> 提交 6,250 好 => 提交 5,625 是坏的 +5. 提交 5,625 坏 <> 提交 6,250 好 => 提交 5,938 是坏的 +6. 提交 5,938 坏 <> 提交 6,250 好 => 提交 6,094 是好的 +7. 提交 5,938 坏 <> 提交 6,094 好 => 提交 6,016 是坏的 +8. 提交 6,016 坏 <> 提交 6,094 好 => 提交 6,055 是好的 +9. 提交 6,016 坏 <> 提交 6,055 好 => 提交 6,036 是坏的 +10. 提交 6,036 坏 <> 提交 6,055 好 => 提交 6,046 是坏的 +11. 提交 6,046 坏 <> 提交 6,055 好 => 提交 6,050 是坏的 +12. 提交 6,050 坏 <> 提交 6,055 好 => 提交 6,053 是好的 +13. 提交 6,053 坏 <> 提交 6,055 好 => 提交 6,054 是好的 对于上面这个例子，我们能知道 10,000 个提交中的第一个错误提交是第 6053 次提交。对于 `git bisect` 命令，最多需要几分钟就能完成检索。但是如果要一个一个查找每个提交是否错误，我甚至无法想象需要多长时间。 @@ -52,7 +56,11 @@ Git 检查中间的提交，并等待你声明这次提交是一个好提交还 ``` $ git bisect good -## or +``` + +或 + +``` $ git bisect bad ``` @@ -71,10 +79,11 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/11/git-bisect 作者：[Dwayne McDaniel][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[chai001125](https://github.com/chai001125) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://opensource.com/users/dwaynemcdaniel [b]: https://github.com/lkxed [1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-11/beyondgit.paradox.png +[0]: https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202212/02/092549j2o7h9cif3hcu34z.jpg \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/news/20221128.2 ⭐️ Elon Musk's Twitter to Add Open-Source Signal Protocol for Encrypted DMs.md b/published/20221128.2 ⭐️ Elon Musk's Twitter to Add Open-Source Signal Protocol for Encrypted DMs.md similarity index 69% rename from translated/news/20221128.2 ⭐️ Elon Musk's Twitter to Add Open-Source Signal Protocol for Encrypted DMs.md rename to published/20221128.2 ⭐️ Elon Musk's Twitter to Add Open-Source Signal Protocol for Encrypted DMs.md index 94754d9ab7..d4a75354af 100644 --- a/translated/news/20221128.2 ⭐️ Elon Musk's Twitter to Add Open-Source Signal Protocol for Encrypted DMs.md +++ b/published/20221128.2 ⭐️ Elon Musk's Twitter to Add Open-Source Signal Protocol for Encrypted DMs.md @@ -3,22 +3,26 @@ [#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "chai001125" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15306-1.html" -埃隆马斯克的推特将添加开源 Signal 协议，实现加密私信 +埃隆·马斯克的 Twitter 将添加开源 Signal 协议，实现加密私信 ====== -今年早些时候，埃隆马斯克 [在推特上表示][1]：Twitter 的 私信 Direct Messages （DM）需要像 Signal 协议这样的 端到端加密 End-to-End Encryption 。 +> 埃隆·马斯克证实，加密的私信即将到来! 这是好东西。 + +![](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w2000/2022/11/twitter-to-add-signal-encrypted-dms.png) + +今年早些时候，埃隆·马斯克 [在 Twitter 上表示][1]：Twitter 的 私信 Direct Messages （DM）需要像 Signal 协议这样的 端到端加密 End-to-End Encryption 。 早在 2016 年，**爱德华·斯诺登**就 [要求][2] Twitter 的前首席执行官兼联合创始人**杰克·多尔西**添加 Signal 协议类似的安全措施到 Twitter 平台。 但是，这个协议从来没有被添加到 Twitter。它可能经过测试但还未部署实施。 -根据最近的公告，Twitter 似乎即将实现这个安全协议😌。 +根据最近的公告，Twitter 似乎即将实现这个安全协议 😌。 -Elon 分享了他在公司演讲中的几张幻灯片，其中就包括为 Twitter 2.0 路线图规划的“**加密私信**”。 +马斯克分享了他在公司演讲中的几张幻灯片，其中就包括为 Twitter 2.0 路线图规划的“**加密私信**”。 ### 🔒 Twitter 通信的 Signal 协议 @@ -26,31 +30,29 @@ Elon 分享了他在公司演讲中的几张幻灯片，其中就包括为 Twitt 虽然有一些安全研究员，例如 [黄文津][4]，已经在 Twitter 的 iOS 和 Android 应用程序中发现了对 [Signal 协议][5] 的代码引用。 -但是直到现在，埃隆马斯克才在 [推文][6] 中确认了该计划，该推文介绍了根据 **“Twitter 2.0”** 路线图将对 Twitter 平台进行的改进。 +但是直到现在，埃隆·马斯克才在 [推文][6] 中确认了该计划，该推文介绍了根据 **“Twitter 2.0”** 路线图将对 Twitter 平台进行的改进。 -换句话说，埃隆马斯克正式确认 Twitter 即将推出**加密的私信**。 +换句话说，埃隆·马斯克正式确认 Twitter 即将推出**加密私信**。 ![twitter dm signal protocol][7] -**对于那些不知道 Signal 协议的人**，我们简要地介绍一下 Signal 协议：Signal 协议是一种开源的加密协议，它允许以 完全前向保密 ([PFS][8]) perfect forward secrecy 方式实施端到端加密。 +**对于那些不知道 Signal 协议的人**，我们简要地介绍一下 Signal 协议：Signal 协议是一种开源的加密协议，它允许以 [完全前向保密][8] perfect forward secrecy （PFS）方式实施端到端加密。 -该协议使用 “_双棘轮算法_” Double Ratchet algorithm ，通信双方根据不断变化的共享密钥，来交换加密的消息。 +该协议使用 “双棘轮算法 Double Ratchet algorithm ”，通信双方根据不断变化的共享密钥，来交换加密的消息。 这确保没有第三方可以得到通信消息的内容，因为共享密钥仅存在于通信双方的设备上。 [Signal][9] 应用程序充分利用了这个方法。但是，进一步来说，还有几个以隐私为中心的替代方案： -[不想用 WhatsApp 这一通讯软件？这是 WhatsApp 的 5 种更好的隐私替代方案][10] +（LCTT 译注：Signal 协议是一种真正的端到端加密的通讯协议，号称是世界上最安全的通讯协议。只有参与通讯的用户可以读取并解密信息，而任何第三方（包括服务器）都无法查看到通讯的内容。总的来说，它可以防止潜在的窃听者（包括：通信服务商、互联网服务提供商甚至是该通讯系统的提供者），获取能够用以解密通讯内容的密钥。目前有大量即时通讯软件也使用或借鉴参考了 Signal 协议，例如：Skype、What'sApp、Facebook Messenger） -（LCTT 译注：Signal 协议是一种真正的端到端加密的通讯协议，号称是世界上最安全的通讯协议。只有参与通讯的用户可以读取并解密信息，而任何第三方（包括服务器）都无法查看到通讯的内容。总的来说，它可以防止潜在的窃听者（包括：通信服务商、互联网服务提供商甚至是该通讯系统的提供者），获取能够用以解密通讯内容的密钥。目前有大量即时通讯软件也使用或借鉴参考了 Signal 协议，例如：Skype、What’sApp、Facebook Messenger） - -**Signal 协议如何帮助 Twitter DM？** +#### Signal 协议如何帮助 Twitter DM？ 它可以防止恶意攻击者和政府去窥探 Twitter 用户的消息，从而使 Twitter 成为一个更加安全的平台。 Twitter 添加加密私信会对举报人、记者和社会活动家有益，因为他们经常会因其工作而面临被审查或成为攻击目标。 -诚然，就隐私而言，加密私信可能不是最严厉的保护措施。但**有总比没有好**。 +诚然，就隐私而言，加密私信可能不是最严格的保护措施。但**有总比没有好**。 ### 🔏 加密消息应该成为通讯软件的标准 @@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ via: https://news.itsfoss.com/twitter-signal/ 作者：[Sourav Rudra][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[chai001125](https://github.com/chai001125) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/published/20221129.1 ⭐️ Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 Testing Begins with New Features, Packages.md b/published/20221129.1 ⭐️ Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 Testing Begins with New Features, Packages.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..74843d60dd --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20221129.1 ⭐️ Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 Testing Begins with New Features, Packages.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +[#]: subject: "Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 Testing Begins with New Features, Packages" +[#]: via: "https://debugpointnews.com/bodhi-linux-7-0-0-testing/" +[#]: author: "arindam https://debugpointnews.com/author/dpicubegmail-com/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "wxy" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15309-1.html" + +Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 开始测试新的功能和软件包 +====== + +> Bodhi Linux 团队为即将发布的 Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 版本启动了 Alpha 测试。 + +![Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 桌面][1] + +Bodhi Linux 基于 Ubuntu LTS，其带有基于 Enlightenment 的 Moksha 桌面环境。Moksha 桌面是轻量级的，同时也是一个养眼的桌面。此外，它只包括了可以让你开始使用的基本的应用程序。 + +目前的 Bodhi Linux 6 系列基于 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS，发布于 2021 年，正好在 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 发布后。即将推出的 Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 将基于今年 4 月发布的 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS，带来了基于 Ubuntu 稳定性和更新的软件包。 + +在其核心部分，它采用与 Ubuntu 22.04 一致的 Linux 5.15 LTS 内核。你可以得到基于最新的 Enlightenment 桌面/Enlightenment 基础库（EFL）的改进的 Mokhsna 桌面环境。 + +由于官方的变化日志还没有发布，这里是你在这个版本中得到的版本的一个快速总结。 + +### Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 摘要（暂定） + +- 基于 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish” +- Linux 5.15 LTS 内核 +- Enlightenment 基础库（EFL）1.26.99 +- Moksha 桌面 0.4.0 +- Python 3.10 +- Systemd 249.11 + +### 下载 + +该团队建议，这个预发布版本是不稳定的，不应该用于你的日常工作。不过，如果你想体验一下，可以从下面的链接下载。 + +> **[下载][2]** + +### 时间表 + +Alpha 测试阶段应该持续两个月左右，然后是候选版本。之后是最终版本。从时间上看，根据历史记录 —— Alpha 测试大约持续两个月，然后是一个月的 RC 测试。因此，暂定的最终发布日期为 2023 年 2 月底或 3 月初。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://debugpointnews.com/bodhi-linux-7-0-0-testing/ + +作者：[arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://debugpointnews.com/author/dpicubegmail-com/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://debugpointnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Bodhi-Linux-7.0.0-Desktop.jpg +[2]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/bodhidev/files/7.0.0-alpha/ diff --git a/published/20221201.2 ⭐️⭐️ Microsoft Office 365 Declared illegal for German Schools, Again!.md b/published/20221201.2 ⭐️⭐️ Microsoft Office 365 Declared illegal for German Schools, Again!.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..37f815aec6 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20221201.2 ⭐️⭐️ Microsoft Office 365 Declared illegal for German Schools, Again!.md @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +[#]: subject: "Microsoft Office 365 Declared illegal for German Schools, Again!" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/microsoft-office-365-illegal-germany/" +[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "wxy" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15315-1.html" + +微软 Office 365 再次在德国学校被宣布为非法 +====== + +> 再一次，微软因其 Office 365 的隐私问题而在德国受到抨击！ + +![微软 Office 365 再次在德国学校被宣布为非法！][1] + +最近，我偶然看到 [Tutanota][2] 的一篇博文，说微软的 Office 365 再次被宣布在德国学校使用是非法的。 + +好吧，真让人吃惊！😬 + +上一次发生这种情况还是在 [2019 年][3]，当时 Office 365 被禁止在德国黑森州Hesse的学校使用。 + +补充说明一下，Office 365 软件包提供了一套完善的专有工具，被全球许多专业人士使用，这就是它受欢迎的原因。 + +然而，正如德国当局指出的那样，它带来了相当多的隐私问题，这些问题还没有得到解决。 + +🛑 因此，德国数据保护会议（DSK、Datenschutzkonferenz）决定禁止在全国的学校使用微软 Office 365。 + +> 💡 DSK 是一个由独立的德国联邦和州数据保护监督机构组成的团体。 + +### 微软 Office 365 不能在德国学校使用 + +**一个大胆的举动：** DSK 已经禁止在学校使用微软 Office 365，理由是微软存在各种隐私侵犯的行为。 + +过去两年一直在进行谈判，以确保其符合欧洲数据保护标准。 + +然而，事情的结果并不理想。 + +在 [DSK][4] 的一份声明中，他们提到： + +> 控制者必须能够根据 GDPR 第 5(2) 条履行其责任义务。在使用微软 365 时，根据“数据保护附录”，在这方面仍然会遇到困难，因为微软没有完全披露具体发生了哪些处理操作。 +> +> 此外，微软没有完全披露哪些处理操作是代表客户进行的，哪些是为自己的目的进行的。 + +换句话说，他们觉得微软没有遵守 [GDPR][5] 的规定，而且微软一直缺乏透明度。 + +**与 2019 年那次有什么不同？：** 好吧，在被黑森州的学校取缔后，微软在 2019 年后做了一些改变。 + +但是，他们只是采用了欧盟委员会的一些标准合同条款，并更新了他们的《产品和服务数据保护 [附录][6]》，几乎只是表面功夫。 + +**这次又是什么原因造成的？：** 当 DSK 发现使用 Office 365 时，个人数据被发送到美国，使美国当局可以获得这些数据时，他们很不高兴。 + +他们还发现，如果不将个人数据传输到美国，就无法使用微软 Office 365。 + +因此，他们也建议私人用户不要使用 Office 365，因为不能信任微软对他们的数据的处理。 + +Tutanota 的人还指出，许多贸易学校使用 Office 365 来让他们的学生学习办公室工作。现在，他们将不得不使用微软 Office 的本地许可证（在本地部署）来实现同样的目的。 + +**下一步是什么？** 在最近的一份 [声明][7] 中，微软表示，他们不同意 DSK 的做法，并已采取措施，确保他们的 Office 365 产品符合欧洲数据标准，或者经常超过这些标准。 + +微软提到： + +> 我们谨记 DSK 关于提高透明度的呼吁。虽然我们的透明度标准已经超过了我们行业中的大多数其他供应商，但我们承诺会做得更好。 +> +> 特别是，我们将在我们计划的欧盟数据限制的框架内，在透明度的意义上提供关于我们客户的数据流和处理目的的进一步文档。 +> +> 我们还将增加欧盟以外的分包商和微软员工的地点和处理的透明度。 + +因此，总结一下。在遵守严格的欧盟数据处理准则方面，微软还有很长的路要走。 + +我认为德国学校应该改用 Linux，并选择开源的微软 Office 替代品，如 LibreOffice、Calligra、ONLYOFFICE [等等][8]，以保证他们的数据安全并掌握在正确的人手中。 + +你怎么看？微软是否在努力保持其在德国的地位？欢迎分享你的想法。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/microsoft-office-365-illegal-germany/ + +作者：[Sourav Rudra][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w2000/2022/12/german-schools-ban-ms-office-365.png +[2]: https://tutanota.com/blog/posts/microsoft-office-365-email-alternative/ +[3]: https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-office-365-banned-in-german-schools-over-privacy-fears/ +[4]: https://datenschutzkonferenz-online.de +[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation +[6]: https://www.microsoft.com/licensing/docs/view/Microsoft-Products-and-Services-Data-Protection-Addendum-DPA +[7]: https://news.microsoft.com/de-de/microsoft-erfuellt-und-uebertrifft-europaeische-datenschutzgesetze/ +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/best-free-open-source-alternatives-microsoft-office/ diff --git a/sources/news/20221123.3 ⭐️ Tails 5.7 Releases With Metadata Cleaner Tool.md b/sources/news/20221123.3 ⭐️ Tails 5.7 Releases With Metadata Cleaner Tool.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0d041a485d..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20221123.3 ⭐️ Tails 5.7 Releases With Metadata Cleaner Tool.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,79 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Tails 5.7 Releases With "Metadata Cleaner" Tool" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/tails-5-7-release/" -[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Tails 5.7 Releases With "Metadata Cleaner" Tool -====== - -[Tails][1] is a portable operating system that protects against censorship and surveillance. - -It is one of the most popular privacy-focused Linux distributions preferred by journalists and activists who do not want their information exposed to malicious actors. - -With this update, it aims to become even more privacy-friendly and secure by offering many improvements. - -Let's take a look at them. - -#### Limited Time Deals ⌛ - -### 🆕 Tails 5.7: What's new? - -![tails 5.7][2] - -This update has brought in a new tool to clean metadata from files, alongside various package updates and bug fixes. - -Sounds promising! 😄 - -#### Metadata Cleaner - -![tails 5.7 metadata cleaner][3] - -This is a new addition to Tails, which you can use to clean a file's metadata. By extracting the metadata from your files, you can use this to prevent malicious actors from personally identifying you. - -A file's metadata contains a lot of sensitive information that can be used to identify the author (creator of the file), how it was created, and the date of creation. - -In the case of photos and videos, they can also contain geolocation data showing exactly where they were captured. - -We also have an article on it if you want to explore the tool separately. - -#### Package Updates - -Tails 5.7 features the recently updated Tor Browser 11.5.8. - -It contains a variety of CVE fixes, updated translations, OpenSSL 1.1.1.s, NoScript 11.4.12, tor 0.4.7.11 and [more][4]. - -Two stability issues with the Tor connection were also fixed, and a workaround for a known issue of the Tor connection getting stuck around 50% was provided. - -> 💡 You can try one of two methods to fix it: either close and reopen the Tor connection or try a different obfs4 bridge. - -In addition to that, the 'pdf-redact-tools' package was removed as it was not functioning correctly since Tails 5.6. - -### 📥 Download Tails 5.7 - -You can download Tails 5.7 from its [official website][5]. - -If you want to dive deep into the technical details of this update, then you can refer to the [changelog][6] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/tails-5-7-release/ - -作者：[Sourav Rudra][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://tails.boum.org -[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/11/Tails_5.7.png -[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/11/Tails_5.7_MetadataCleaner.png -[4]: https://blog.torproject.org/new-release-tor-browser-1158/ -[5]: https://tails.boum.org/install/ -[6]: https://tails.boum.org/news/version_5.7/ diff --git a/sources/news/20221124.2 ⭐️ Alpine Linux 3.17 is out with OpenSSL 3.0 and new packages.md b/sources/news/20221124.2 ⭐️ Alpine Linux 3.17 is out with OpenSSL 3.0 and new packages.md deleted file mode 100644 index 880333fc3d..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20221124.2 ⭐️ Alpine Linux 3.17 is out with OpenSSL 3.0 and new packages.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Alpine Linux 3.17 is out with OpenSSL 3.0 and new packages" -[#]: via: "https://debugpointnews.com/alpine-linux-3-17/" -[#]: author: "arindam https://debugpointnews.com/author/dpicubegmail-com/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Alpine Linux 3.17 is out with OpenSSL 3.0 and new packages -====== - -**Container Linux operating system Alpine Linux released version 3.17. This is a release summary.** - -![Alpine Linux 3.17][1] - -### Alpine Linux 3.17 - -Alpine Linux 3.17 is the first major release of this series, coming within a few months since its last iteration of the 3.16 series beginning this year. Usually, the Alpine team releases it twice a year. And hence this will be the final release of this year. - -Feature-wise, mostly the core package updates arrives in Alpine 3.17 – those are needed. The most significant update is the OpenSSL 3.0 version as default, bringing the recent high vulnerability fixes, which [caused delays][2] in some distro releases. - -In addition, the Alpine core repo is refreshed with an updated toolchain. Significant versions include GCC 12, bash 5.2, Perl 5.36 and Rust 1.64. - -Although Alpine Linux is ideal for server-based distributions, its repo has GNOME and KDE Plasma desktops. This release refreshed GNOME version 43 and KDE Plasma to 5.26 – which are the latest offerings of this distribution. - -However, PHP 8 is deprecated in this version. Finally, it is powered by Linux kernel 5.15.79, which is the current LTS mainline kernel available. - -Alpine Linux is available for download for all major architectures, including Raspberry Pi. This version is available to download using the official website below. - -[Download Alpine Linux][3] - -If you are using Alpine Linux 3.16, you can simply kick off the upgrade using the following command. - -``` -apk upgrade --available -``` - -Via [official release announcement][4]. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://debugpointnews.com/alpine-linux-3-17/ - -作者：[arindam][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://debugpointnews.com/author/dpicubegmail-com/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://debugpointnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Alpine-Linux-3.17.jpg -[2]: https://debugpointnews.com/openssl-3-0-7/ -[3]: https://alpinelinux.org/downloads/ -[4]: https://alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.17.0-released.html - diff --git a/sources/news/20221129.0 ⭐️ VLC 3.0.18 Release Brings RISC-V Support.md b/sources/news/20221129.0 ⭐️ VLC 3.0.18 Release Brings RISC-V Support.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5212d2c853..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20221129.0 ⭐️ VLC 3.0.18 Release Brings RISC-V Support.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,94 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "VLC 3.0.18 Release Brings RISC-V Support" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/vlc-3-0-18-release/" -[#]: author: "Rishabh Moharir https://news.itsfoss.com/author/rishabh/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -VLC 3.0.18 Release Brings RISC-V Support -====== - -VLC 3.0.18 finally adds RISC-V support among other improvements. - -![VLC 3.0.18 Release Brings RISC-V Support][1] - -VLC Media Player is a popular open-source and cross-platform media player by VideoLAN that has been around for quite some time. Undoubtedly, it's also one of the best media players for Linux. - -VLC's latest maintenance update, specifically v3.0.18, includes a set of enhancements and bug fixes. - -Let's look at some of the key highlights of this release. - -### VLC 3.0.18: What's New? - -![][2] - -- **Support for RISC-V architecture** -- **Significant updates to adaptive streaming, including multiple timelines and WebVTT (Web Video Text Tracks Format)** -- **Y16 chroma support** -- **DVBSub support inside MKV files** - -#### RISC-V Support - -Users with devices based on the RISC-V hardware can now enjoy using VLC. - -If you're not aware, RISC-V is a popular open-source hardware architecture. And you can expect more hardware to feature RISC-V in the near future. - -#### Other Changes - -As briefed above, there are several other enhancements as well, these include: - -- Improved FTP compatibility -- Better playback of FLAC files -- Improved seeking in OGG and fragmented MP4 files - -Tons of bugs were fixed as well. Here are some of the most notable ones that were addressed. - -- Video-related issues and crashes related to OpenGL, DirectX and VAAPI -- Performance and rendering issues with older graphics cards -- Password search in the KWallet module -- Throttled YouTube video playback using a Lua script - -Some native bugs related to the macOS have also been addressed. - -- 10-bit accelerated video filters -- Inaccurate translations -- Decoding errors on HEVC files - -On the other hand, Windows users should see fixes for UPnP and Windows Media Player compatibility. - -Check out the [official changelog][3] for detailed information. - -### Download VLC 3.0.18 - -For now, the latest version is only available through [Flathub][4]. You cannot find the latest packages for Windows/macOS on the website yet. - -However, you can get the source tarball through the [official website][5] (thanks to [9to5Linux][6] for spotting this) - -Hopefully, VLC's official site gets updated soon to reflect the latest maintenance release. - -Ubuntu users can check out our step-by-step guide too if you need help: - -[How to Install VLC in Ubuntu Linux [Latest Release]][7] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/vlc-3-0-18-release/ - -作者：[Rishabh Moharir][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/rishabh/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w300/2022/11/vlc-3-0-18-release.png -[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/11/VLC-v3-0-18.png -[3]: https://code.videolan.org/videolan/vlc/-/raw/3.0.x/NEWS -[4]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.videolan.VLC -[5]: https://download.videolan.org/pub/videolan/vlc/3.0.18/ -[6]: https://9to5linux.com/vlc-3-0-18-is-out-with-risc-v-support-dvbsub-support-inside-mkv-smbv2-improvements -[7]: https://itsfoss.com/install-latest-vlc/ diff --git a/sources/news/20221129.1 ⭐️ Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 Testing Begins with New Features, Packages.md b/sources/news/20221129.1 ⭐️ Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 Testing Begins with New Features, Packages.md deleted file mode 100644 index d14062bf06..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20221129.1 ⭐️ Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 Testing Begins with New Features, Packages.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 Testing Begins with New Features, Packages" -[#]: via: "https://debugpointnews.com/bodhi-linux-7-0-0-testing/" -[#]: author: "arindam https://debugpointnews.com/author/dpicubegmail-com/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 Testing Begins with New Features, Packages -====== - -**Bodhi Linux team started the testing phase with its recent Alpha packages for the upcoming Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 release.** - -![Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 Desktop][1] - -Bodhi Linux is based on Ubuntu LTS and features the Enlightenment-based Moksha desktop environment. Moksha desktop is lightweight while being an eye-candy desktop. In addition, it only includes base applications to get you started. - -The current Bodi Linux 6 series is based on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and was released in 2021, just following the release of Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. The upcoming Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 will be based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, which was released in April this year, bringing all the stable and refreshed packages from the Ubuntu base. - -At its core, it is based on Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS aligned with Ubuntu 22.04. With that, you get the improved Mokhsna desktop environment based on the latest Enlightenment desktop/Enlightenment foundation library (efl). - -Since the official change log is not yet available, here’s a quick summary of the versions you get in this release. - -### Summary of Bodhi Linux 7.0.0 (tentative) - -- Based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, Jammy Jellyfish -- Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS -- Enlightenment Foundation Library (efl) 1.26.99 -- Moksha Desktop 0.4.0 -- Python 3.10 -- Systemd 249.11 - -### Download - -The team suggested that this pre-release version is unstable and should not be used for your daily work. However, if you want to give it a spin, you can download it from the below link. - -[Download][2] - -### Timelines - -The Alpha testing phase should go on for about two months, and then a release candidate version. And the final release after that. Timeline-wise, as per the historical records – alpha testing goes on for about two months and a month of RC testing. So, that gives a tentative final release date of February 2023-end or beginning of March 2023. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://debugpointnews.com/bodhi-linux-7-0-0-testing/ - -作者：[arindam][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://debugpointnews.com/author/dpicubegmail-com/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://debugpointnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Bodhi-Linux-7.0.0-Desktop.jpg -[2]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/bodhidev/files/7.0.0-alpha/ diff --git a/sources/news/20221129.6 ⭐️ Heroic Games Launcher 2.5.0 Released as its Biggest Feature Update.md b/sources/news/20221129.6 ⭐️ Heroic Games Launcher 2.5.0 Released as its Biggest Feature Update.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2d4c56b8cf..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20221129.6 ⭐️ Heroic Games Launcher 2.5.0 Released as its Biggest Feature Update.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,136 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Heroic Games Launcher 2.5.0 Released as its Biggest Feature Update" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/heroic-games-launcher-2-5-0/" -[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Heroic Games Launcher 2.5.0 Released as its Biggest Feature Update -====== - -Heroic Games Launcher is making good progress with its feature set upgrades. What do you think about this one? - -![Heroic Games Launcher 2.5.0 Released as its Biggest Feature Update][1] - -Heroic Game Launcher is a helpful tool that lets you access gaming services such as Epic Games and GOG via a single app on platforms like Linux, Windows, and macOS. - -It comes in handy to organize your game library and lets you install games that are not natively available for a platform. - -Now, they have pushed a new version update **v2.5.0**, which they claim to be **their****biggest release in a long time**. - -Let me highlight the good stuff here. - -### 🆕 Heroic Game Launcher 2.5.0: What's New? - -![heroic 2.5.0][2] - -Heroic is receiving a bunch of improvements and features; some of the highlights include: - -- **Download Manager** -- **New Themes** -- **Custom User Theme Support** -- **HowLongToBeat data** -- **Support For Other App Launchers and Games** - -#### Download Manager - -![heroic 2.5.0 download manager][3] - -Heroic now allows you to queue multiple games to download from the various gaming services. - -The download manager also shows essential details such as the download speed, the ETA, buttons to start or stop the download, and the download queue. - -They also plan to add the ability to change the queue order and check the remaining disk space before adding items to the queue soon. - -#### New Themes - -![heroic 2.5.0 nord dark theme][4] - -Heroic 2.5.0 features two new built-in themes Nord Light and Nord Dark. - -The themes have been designed by [redromnon][5] aka **Rishabh Moharir**, one of our contributors, who you might have noticed covering a couple of news here. - -![heroic 2.5.0 nord light theme][6] - -#### Custom User Theme Support - -![heroic 2.5.0 custom theme support][7] - -In case you want to create a new theme, you can do that and share it with others on their [theme repo][8]. Note that you need to know CSS to be able to do it. - -If you are interested, you can follow the instructions to learn how it's done. - -#### HowLongToBeat data on the Game Page - -![heroic games launcher][9] - -When you read the game information, you also get an estimate of the time you need to spend to complete the campaign, DLCs, and everything else. - -It may not be a big deal for you, but if someone is picky with the time they want to spend on game, this information can help them prioritize if they want to play it. - -#### Support For Other App Launchers - -![heroic 2.5.0 other app launcher][10] - -Many of us were looking forward to this feature, and now it's here. - -Heroic now lets you add apps outside of Epic and GOG. In other words, you can sideload any app or game. - -You can now add other games, software, or even app launchers to launch from within Heroic. That's what I call an added convenience!😌 - -#### 🛠️ Other Important Changes - -![heroic games launcher][11] - -Here are some refinements that are worth mentioning: - -- **Detect if a game is available or not (and mention if it is a supported game).** -- **Legendary v0.20.30.** -- **Settings re-organized.** -- **Redesigned login screen.** -- **Improvements to Cloud Saves.** -- **Various bug fixes.** - -> 💡 You can go through the [full release notes][12] to learn more about the subtle changes and technical improvements. - -### 📥 Download Heroic Game Launcher 2.5.0 - -You can download the latest Heroic Games Launcher from the official [downloads page][13]. - -It is also available on [Flathub][14] if you do not prefer AppImage and other packages. - -You can also find the packages in its [GitHub releases][12] section. - -[Download Heroic Game Launcher 2.5.0][13] - -_💬 What do you think of this release of Heroic Games Launcher? Share your thoughts in the comments below._ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/heroic-games-launcher-2-5-0/ - -作者：[Sourav Rudra][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w300/2022/11/heroic-games-launcher-2-5-0-release.png -[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/11/Heroic_2.5.0.png -[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/11/Heroic_2.5.0_Download_Manager.png -[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/11/Heroic_2.5.0_Nord_Dark.png -[5]: https://github.com/redromnon -[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/11/Heroic_2.5.0_Nord_Light.png -[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/11/Heroic_2.5.0_Custom_Theme-1.png -[8]: https://github.com/Heroic-Games-Launcher/heroic-themes -[9]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/11/howlongtobeat.jpg -[10]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/11/Heroic_2.5.0_Other_Apps.png -[11]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/11/settings-heroic-games.jpg -[12]: https://github.com/Heroic-Games-Launcher/HeroicGamesLauncher/releases/tag/v2.5.0 -[13]: https://heroicgameslauncher.com/downloads -[14]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.heroicgameslauncher.hgl diff --git a/sources/news/20221130.3 ⭐️⭐️ Wayland Protocols 1.31 Release Adds Fractional Scaling Support.md b/sources/news/20221130.3 ⭐️⭐️ Wayland Protocols 1.31 Release Adds Fractional Scaling Support.md deleted file mode 100644 index df503ccf83..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20221130.3 ⭐️⭐️ Wayland Protocols 1.31 Release Adds Fractional Scaling Support.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Wayland Protocols 1.31 Release Adds Fractional Scaling Support" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/wayland-protocols-fractional-scaling/" -[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Wayland Protocols 1.31 Release Adds Fractional Scaling Support -====== - -Wayland Protocols 1.31 releases with fractional scaling support. - -![Wayland Protocols 1.31 Release Adds Fractional Scaling Support][1] - -If you are using a high-resolution display, then you may have noticed issues like blurriness, jaggedness, and lag when using a program. - -This issue is caused by the fact that many programs use a default screen resolution (usually 1920×1080) to display their contents. This makes for a bad user interface experience on HiDPI devices. - -But you might be wondering, is there a solution to this? Yes, there is, in fact, a solution. - -It's called 'Fractional Scaling'. This method uses fractional values to scale a program's interface according to your display's resolution, resulting in a consistent look and feel. - -So, it would ensure that you had the same experience on any HiDPI device, regardless of the program you were using. - -Moving on. - -With Wayland slowly replacing X11 with its advancements, adding Fractional Scaling support via Wayland Protocols 1.31 makes the transition more obvious. - -> 💡 [Wayland protocols][2] add functionality that is usually not found with Wayland core. - -Let's take a look at what's in store for Wayland. - -### Fractional Scaling Support for Wayland Protocols - -**How did it come to be?:** This was in the making for many months; code-named 'wp-fractional-scale-v1', it communicates with the compositor to suggest surfaces for rendering at fractional scales. - -It is paired with the 'wp-viewport protocol' to provide a fractional scaling implementation rather than an integer-based scaling implementation, as noted by [Phoronix][3]. - -**How does it affect you?:** The implementation of this allows you to run higher resolutions on your Wayland-enabled Linux systems without compromising visual quality across different programs and displays. - -So, what does it mean for KDE and GTK apps? - -Technically, **PointiestStick** (_KDE Dev_) responded to a [Reddit thread][4] that gives you a better insight: - -> For KDE, it simply means that once Qt and KWin implement support for this protocol, then native Wayland Qt apps will be able to use Qt's pre-existing support for fractional scaling, just like how it already works on X11.The result should be slightly better performance, visual sharpness, and power efficiency when using a non-integer scale factor like 125%.Nothing will change soon for GTK apps, because GTK has no existing fractional scaling support and thus cannot implement this Wayland protocol to do something it couldn't already do. - -In conclusion, this seems like a reasonable addition to Wayland, which should enhance the overall user experience across the board with a minimal performance impact. - -You can read more about **Wayland Protocols 1.31** release in its [official mailing list][5]. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/wayland-protocols-fractional-scaling/ - -作者：[Sourav Rudra][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w2000/2022/11/wayland-protocols-1-31-release.jpg -[2]: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wayland/wayland-protocols -[3]: https://www.phoronix.com/news/Wayland-Fractional-Scale-Ready -[4]: https://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/z7pc61/comment/iya2uu1/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3 -[5]: https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/wayland-devel/2022-November/042524.html diff --git a/sources/news/20221202.2 ⭐️⭐️ Privacy-Preserving Ads Make a Debut on Brave Search.md b/sources/news/20221202.2 ⭐️⭐️ Privacy-Preserving Ads Make a Debut on Brave Search.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2d0561c3c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20221202.2 ⭐️⭐️ Privacy-Preserving Ads Make a Debut on Brave Search.md @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +[#]: subject: "Privacy-Preserving Ads Make a Debut on Brave Search" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/brave-search-ads/" +[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Privacy-Preserving Ads Make a Debut on Brave Search +====== + +Brave Search is testing privacy-preserving ads. But, the Brave browser does not seem to block them by default. + +![Privacy-Preserving Ads Make a Debut on Brave Search][1] + +Brave Search is an independent search engine that claims not to track its users and provides a safe and secure search experience. + +It aims to be a privacy-friendly alternative to the extensive tech services from Microsoft and Google. + +With a [recent announcement][2], they introduced a new feature to Brave Search. The search will now show '_privacy-preserving_' ads as part of a global beta program. + +What does this mean? Allow me to explain. + +### Privacy-Preserving Ads: Meaning? + +![brave search privacy preserving ads][3] + +Brave is planning to run ads on their search platform; they claim that these ads are anonymous, are marked, and follow its commitment of putting users first. + +These ads are said to be clearly labeled and are integrated into Brave Search. + +To display relevant advertisements, Brave Search will only use your **search query, country, and device type**. + +So, in theory, this should stop them from keeping a profile of your searches. + +They also add that: + +> Brave Search ads protect users’ data and anonymity, while supporting their access to independent and transparent search as a true alternative to Big Tech search engines. + +This has been released as a beta test globally, where Brave Search users will be shown text-based ads in search results. + +Users who opted for Brave Private Ads (for _Brave Rewards_) and are using the latest version of Brave won't be shown search ads since these are not yet eligible for BAT earnings. + +Additionally, they offer a '**Search Premium**' subscription for an ad-free search experience, which costs **$3 per month**. + +With this subscription, you get a completely ad-free search experience while also supporting Brave. + +### Is This a Step in the Right Direction? + +Even though Brave Search is based on an **open-source search project**[Tailcat][4], they have no plans to make it open-source. + +So, Brave Search already has a red flag 🚩 for many privacy enthusiasts who prefer open-source solutions for their transparency. + +**Will privacy-preserving ads make a difference, just like Brave Search's original claims for its search engine?** + +Well, I certainly hope so. Why? **Because we need more competitors to Google**. And something is better than nothing. + +Even without open-source code, we will have to sit back and see what kind of transparency they provide in their advertisement testing soon. + +Though, the implementation of Brave's privacy-preserving ads has got a few users upset. + +A [comment][5] made by a Reddit user on the official Subreddit of Brave Browser mentions: + +> Putting in an exception for your own ads is in exceptionally bad taste. All the marketing fluff around "independent, private search" is not an excuse. + +Brave Browser seems to be **not blocking Brave search ads** with its in-built ad-blocker (Brave Shields). + +On that, a member of the Brave support team clarified: + +> Shields at this time does not block 1st part, non tracking ads by default anyway (with the exception of setting to Aggressive, I believe) so it's actually just following the standard we've already set. + +So, you can block the Brave search ads with the privacy protection settings set to aggressive, I believe? + +However, not everyone prefers the aggressive blocker. So, let us see how things turn out for Brave search ad experimentation. + +💭 **Thoughts? Feel free to share them in the comments section.** + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/brave-search-ads/ + +作者：[Sourav Rudra][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w2000/2022/12/brave-privacy-preserving-ads.png +[2]: https://brave.com/private-search-ads/ +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/12/Brave_Search_Ads.jpg +[4]: https://www.tailcat.com +[5]: https://www.reddit.com/r/brave_browser/comments/z9t171/comment/iyjledp/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x&context=3 diff --git a/sources/news/20221204.1 ⭐️ 4MLinux 41.0 stable is now available with SDL games + More.md b/sources/news/20221204.1 ⭐️ 4MLinux 41.0 stable is now available with SDL games + More.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0502fc3cfa --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20221204.1 ⭐️ 4MLinux 41.0 stable is now available with SDL games + More.md @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +[#]: subject: "4MLinux 41.0 stable is now available with SDL games + More" +[#]: via: "https://debugpointnews.com/4mlinux-41-0-release/" +[#]: author: "arindam https://debugpointnews.com/author/dpicubegmail-com/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +4MLinux 41.0 stable is now available with SDL games + More +====== + +![][1] + +**The new stable version of 4MLinux 41.0 is now generally available for download and installation.** + +4MLinux is a decade-old small Linux distribution that focuses on four main capabilities: maintenance (e.g., as a system rescue live CD), multimedia (e.g., playing video DVDs), miniserver (using the inetd daemon), and mystery (small Linux games). It is independently developed and comes with 32-bit images as well. A perfect [lightweight Linux distribution][2] for older hardware. + +The 4MLinux 41.0 series have been updated to its stable version. This version includes tools for editing documents such as LibreOffice and GNOME Office, file sharing with DropBox, web browsing with Firefox and Chromium, email with Thunderbird, and more. It also includes a LAMP server setup and programming languages like Perl, Python, and Ruby. + +Here’s a summary of the changes. + +![4MLinux 41.0 desktop][3] + +### 4MLinux 41.0: What’s New + +Firstly, 4MLinux 41.0 brings LibreOffice 7.4.3 and GNOME Office (including AbiWord 3.0.5, GIMP 2.10.32, and Gnumeric 1.12.52) to edit your documents. In addition, DropBox 151.4.4304 is available for sharing your files, and you can use Firefox 107.0 and Chromium 106.0.5249 to surf the internet. + +Thunderbird 102.5.0 is included for sending and receiving emails, and Audacious 4.2 allows you to enjoy your music collection. You can also watch videos with VLC 3.0.17.3 and SMPlayer 22.2.0, and play games with the help of Mesa 22.1.4 and Wine 7.18. + +Additionally, the 4MLinux LAMP Server (featuring Linux 6.0.9, Apache 2.4.54, MariaDB 10.6.11, PHP 5.6.40 and PHP 7.4.33) is included for setting up your own web server. The stable version of 4MLinux 41.0 also includes the programming languages Perl 5.36.0, Python 2.7.18, Python 3.10.6, and Ruby 3.1.2. + +Furthermore, this release also includes several new features and applications. + +Out of the box, it includes FileZilla (FTP client), XPaint and GNU Paint (simple image-editing tools), and nvme (command-line utility for managing NVM-Express partitions), as well as a collection of small SDL games. Additionally, there are several downloadable extensions available, including BlueGriffon (HTML editor), The Legend of Edgar (platform game), ioquake3 (Quake III port), and BZFlag (tank battle game). + +SMPlayer is now the default video player in 4MLinux, and Audacious is the default audio player. It is also now possible to install 4MLinux on a BTRFS partition with the help of Syslinux, which acts as a boot manager. + +### Summary of changes + +- Mainline Linux Kernel 6.0.9 +- jwm (Joe’s window manager) 2.4.0 +- LibreOffice 7.4.3 +- GNOME Office (including AbiWord 3.0.5, GIMP 2.10.32, and Gnumeric 1.12.52) +- DropBox 151.4.4304 +- Firefox 107.0 +- Chromium 106.0.5249 +- Thunderbird 102.5.0 +- Audacious 4.2 +- VLC 3.0.17.3 +- SMPlayer 22.2.0 +- Mesa 22.1.4 +- Wine 7.18 +- 4MLinux LAMP Server (featuring Linux 6.0.9, Apache 2.4.54, MariaDB 10.6.11, PHP 5.6.40 and PHP 7.4.33) +- Perl 5.36.0 +- Python 2.7.18 +- Python 3.10.6 +- Ruby 3.1.2 + +### Download + +The latest version, 4MLinux 41.0, is now available for download at the following link: + +[Download 4MLinux 41.0][4] + +This release includes new applications and features, such as SMPlayer as the default video player and the ability to install 4MLinux on a BTRFS partition with Syslinux. We encourage you to try out 4MLinux in a [virtual machine][5] and see all it offers. + +- [Changelog][6] +- [Release announcement][7] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://debugpointnews.com/4mlinux-41-0-release/ + +作者：[arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://debugpointnews.com/author/dpicubegmail-com/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://debugpointnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/4mlinux-head.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/ +[3]: https://debugpointnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/4MLinux-41.0-desktop.jpg +[4]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/linux4m/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/install-ubuntu-virtualbox/ +[6]: http://4mlinux.com/addons-41.0.txt +[7]: https://4mlinux-releases.blogspot.com/2022/12/4mlinux-410-stable-released.html diff --git a/sources/news/20221204.2 ⭐️⭐️ Trinity Desktop Environment R14.0.13 is now out with updates!.md b/sources/news/20221204.2 ⭐️⭐️ Trinity Desktop Environment R14.0.13 is now out with updates!.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9600c86b94 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20221204.2 ⭐️⭐️ Trinity Desktop Environment R14.0.13 is now out with updates!.md @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +[#]: subject: "Trinity Desktop Environment R14.0.13 is now out with updates!" +[#]: via: "https://debugpointnews.com/trinity-desktop-environment-r14-0-13/" +[#]: author: "arindam https://debugpointnews.com/author/dpicubegmail-com/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Trinity Desktop Environment R14.0.13 is now out with updates! +====== + +![][1] + +**Missing old-KDE? The new minor release of Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE R14.0.13) brings a few new features and bug fixes. This is a release summary.** + +![Trinity Desktop Environment R14.0.13][2] + +If you are one of those users who miss the good ol’ KDE (3.5) look, then you can get it via Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE). The TDE is a fork of the KDE 3.5 desktop environment developed by a small team of volunteers. It’s a continuation of the KDE 3 desktop methodology, providing updates and bug fixes for those who appreciate its features and design. + +Despite being a small and independent project, TDE is still actively developed and maintained, offering users an alternative to more mainstream desktop environments. And following the [prior R14.0.12 release][3], the thirteenth minor release brings a few goodies. + +### Trinity Desktop Environment release R14.0.13: What’s New + +#### Desktop usability updates + +This release introduces the ability to use Ctrl + mouse wheel to increase or decrease the font size in Konsole, Kate, KWrite, TDevelop, and other applications using the Kate part editor. In addition, the Kate text editor now includes syntax highlighting for Markdown files, making it easier to read and edit these types of documents. + +These enhancements give users more control over their text editor’s appearance and improve the overall user experience. + +Furthermore, Trinity Desktop Environment R14.0.13 also includes improvements to how users set a wallpaper, making it easier and more intuitive. The Konqueror action menu now offers all available options for setting an image as the background, providing users with more flexibility and control.These enhancements enhance the overall user experience when setting wallpaper and make it more convenient for users. + +On top of that, this release includes improvements to the khotkeys Input Actions, providing users with more control and flexibility. The GUI for creating and editing actions now includes new move-up/move-down buttons, making it easier to reorder actions. + +In addition, this release includes fixes to the GUI to improve its overall usability and performance.These enhancements enhance the user experience when working with khotkeys Input Actions and make it more convenient for users to customize their keyboard shortcuts. + +![twin-style-machbunt - a KDE window decoration theme from SuSE][4] + +#### Core and supports + +This release includes a new waiting action component that allows users to introduce a delay between steps. The SFTP tdeioslave has been updated to use libssh, providing a more secure and stable connection. The taskbar now includes moving tasks and dragging and dropping grouped task buttons, enhancing the user experience. + +This release includes improved API visualization and enhanced Python3 support. The language used throughout the release has been updated to be gender-neutral. These enhancements improve the overall user experience and make the TDE more inclusive and accessible. + +Other than that, on the core apps side, the TDE R14.0.13 release includes several updates to improve compatibility with popular multimedia and document processing libraries. This includes support for ffmpeg 5.0, Jasper 3.x, and Poppler >= 22.04. These updates allow TDE to take advantage of these libraries’ latest features and performance improvements. In addition, this release includes man pages for several TDE applications, providing users with more detailed documentation and information about how to use these programs. These enhancements improve the overall functionality and performance of the TDE. + +### Download and Install Trinity desktop environment R14.0.13 + +If you are using Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish, you can run the following command to install it on top of your existing Ubuntu installation. + +``` +sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list +``` + +Add the following line and save the file. + +``` +deb http://mirror.ppa.trinitydesktop.org/trinity/deb/trinity-sb jammy deps-r14 main-r14deb-src http://mirror.ppa.trinitydesktop.org/trinity/deb/trinity-sb jammy deps-r14 main-r14 +``` + +``` +wget http://mirror.ppa.trinitydesktop.org/trinity/deb/trinity-keyring.debsudo dpkg -i trinity-keyring.debsudo apt updatesudo apt install kubuntu-default-settings-trinity kubuntu-desktop-trinity +``` + +After installation, restart your system and choose Trinity from the login screen. Note: As of publishing this, the repo is yet unavailable for Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu. + +For Arch Linux users, you can install it via the following commands: + +Open `/etc/pacman.conf` using admin privilege and add the following lines at the end and save the fine. + +``` +[trinity]Server = https://mirror.ppa.trinitydesktop.org/trinity/archlinux/$arch +``` + +Then open a terminal and run the following: + +``` +pacman-key --recv-key D6D6FAA25E9A3E4ECD9FBDBEC93AF1698685AD8B +pacman-key --lsign-key D6D6FAA25E9A3E4ECD9FBDBEC93AF1698685AD8B +``` + +And finally, use the below to install. + +``` +pacman -Sy +``` + +``` +pacman -S tde-meta +``` + +For other distros, you can find the detailed download and install guide for TDE on [this page][5]. + +Via [release announcement][6] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://debugpointnews.com/trinity-desktop-environment-r14-0-13/ + +作者：[arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://debugpointnews.com/author/dpicubegmail-com/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://debugpointnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/tde-head.jpg +[2]: https://debugpointnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Trinity-Desktop-Environment-R14.0.13.jpg +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tde-release-r14-0-12/ +[4]: https://debugpointnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/twin-style-machbunt-a-KDE-window-decoration-theme-from-SuSE.jpg +[5]: http://pacman -S tde-meta +[6]: https://www.trinitydesktop.org/newsentry.php?entry=2022.10.30 diff --git a/sources/talk/20221202.0 ⭐️⭐️ 8 ideas for measuring your open source software usage.md b/sources/talk/20221202.0 ⭐️⭐️ 8 ideas for measuring your open source software usage.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..892fce0de0 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20221202.0 ⭐️⭐️ 8 ideas for measuring your open source software usage.md @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +[#]: subject: "8 ideas for measuring your open source software usage" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/12/open-source-usage-metrics" +[#]: author: "Georg Link https://opensource.com/users/georglink" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +8 ideas for measuring your open source software usage +====== + +Those of us who support open source project communities are often asked about usage metrics — a lot. The goal of these metrics is usually to demonstrate the software's importance as measured by its user base and awareness. We typically want to know: how many people use the software, how many installations are there, and how many lives are being touched. + +To make a long story short: We cannot answer these questions directly. + +Sorry to disappoint you if you were hoping for a definitive solution. No one has the perfect answers to questions about usage metrics. At least, no precise answers. + +The good news is that there are approximations and alternative metrics that can satisfy your thirst for knowledge about the software's usage, at least partially. This article explores these alternatives including their benefits and shortcomings. + +### Downloads + +When you visit websites that offer software, you can often see how many times the software has been downloaded. An example that comes to mind is Firefox, which used to have a download counter. It was an impressive number and gave the impression that Firefox was a popular browser—which it was for a while. + +However, individual behavior can directly impact the accuracy of this number. For example, when a person wipes their machine regularly, each rebuild incurs a separate download. To account for this reality, there needs to be a way to subtract a few dozen (maybe hundreds) downloads from the number because of that one person. + +Not only can downloads overestimate usage, but they can also underestimate usage. For instance, a system administrator may download a new version of Firefox once to a flash drive and then install it on hundreds of devices. + +Download metrics are easy to collect because you can log each download request on the server. The problem is that you don't know what happens to the software after it is downloaded. Was the person able to use the software as anticipated? Or did the person run into issues and abandon the software? + +For open source projects, you can consider a variety of download metrics, such as the number of binaries downloaded from: + +- the project website +- package managers such as npm, PyPi, and Maven +- code repositories like GitHub, GitLab, and Gitee + +You may also be interested in downloads of the source code because downstream projects are most likely to use this format (also read [How to measure the impact of your open source project][1]). Relevant download metrics include: + +- The number of clones (source code downloads) from code repositories like GitHub, GitLab, and Gitee +- The number of archives (tar, zip) downloaded from the website +- The number of source code downloads through package managers like npm, PyPi, and Maven + +Download metrics for source code are an even less reliable measure than binary downloads (although there is no research to demonstrate this). Just imagine that a developer wants to use the most recent version of your source code and has configured their build pipeline to always clone your repository for every build. Now imagine that an automated build process was failing and retrying to build, constantly cloning your repository. You can also imagine a scenario where the metric is lower than expected—say the repository is cached somewhere, and downloads are served by the cache. + +**[ Related read [5 metrics to track in your open source community][2] ]** + +In conclusion, download metrics are good proxies for detecting trends and providing context around current usage. We cannot define specifically how a download translates to usage. But we can say that an increase in downloads is an indicator of more potential users. For example, if you advertise your software and see that download numbers are higher during the campaign, it would be fair to assume that the advertisement prompted more people to download the software. The source and metadata of the download can also provide additional context for usage patterns. What versions of your software are still in use? What operating system or language-specific versions are more popular? This helps the community prioritize which platforms to support and test. + +### Issues + +As an open source project, you probably have an issue tracker. When someone opens an issue, two common goals are to report a bug or request a feature. The issue author has likely used your software. As a user, they would have found a bug or identified the need for a new feature. + +Obviously, most users don't take the extra step to file an issue. Issue authors are dedicated users and we are thankful for them. Also, by opening an issue, they have become a non-code contributor. They may become a code contributor. A rule of thumb is that for every 10,000 users, you may get 100 who open an issue and one who contributes code. Depending on the type of user, these ratios may differ. + +With regard to metrics, you can count the number of issue authors as a lower-bound estimation for usage. Related metrics can include: + +- The number of issue authors +- The number of active issue authors (opened an issue in the last 6 months) +- The number of issue authors who also contribute code +- The number of issues opened +- The number of issue comments written + +### User mailing lists, forums, and Q&A sites + +Many open source projects have mailing lists for users, a forum, and presence on a Q&A site, such as Stack Overflow. Similar to issue authors, people who post there can be considered the tip of the iceberg of users. Metrics around how active a community is in these mailing lists, forums, and Q&A sites can also be used as a proxy for increasing or decreasing the user base. Related metrics can focus on the activity in these places, including: + +- The number of user mailing list subscribers +- The number of forum users +- The number of questions asked +- The number of answers provided +- The number of messages created + +### Call-home feature + +To get accurate counts of users, one idea is to have your software report back when it is in use. + +This can be creepy. Imagine a system administrator whose firewall reports an unexpected connection to your server. Not only could the report never reach you (it was blocked), but your software may be banned from future use. + +Responsible ways to have a call-home feature is an optional service to look for updates and let the user know to use the latest version. Another optional feature can focus on usage telemetry where you ask the user whether your software may, anonymously, report back how the software is used. When implemented thoughtfully, this approach can allow users to help improve the software by their style of using it. A user may have the opinion: "I often don't allow this usage information sharing but for some software I do because I hope the developers will make it better for me in the long term." + +### Stars and forks + +Stars and forks are features on social coding platforms like GitHub, GitLab, and Gitee. Users on these platforms can star a project. Why do they star projects? GitHub's documentation explains, "You can star repositories and topics to keep track of projects you find interesting and discover related content in your news feed." Starring is the equivalent of bookmarking and also provides a way to show appreciation to a repository maintainer. Stars have been used as an indicator of the popularity of a project. When a project has a big announcement that attracts considerable attention, the star count tends to increase. The star metric does not indicate the usage of the software. + +Forks on these social coding platforms are clones of a repository. Non-maintainers can make changes in their fork and submit them for review through a pull request. Forks are more a reflection of community size than stars. Developers may also fork a project to save a copy they can access even after the original repository has disappeared. Due to the use of forks in the contribution workflow, the metric is a good indicator for the developer community. Forks do not typically indicate usage by non-developers because non-developers usually do not create forks. + +### Social media + +Social media platforms provide gathering places for people with shared interests, including Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Reddit, Twitter, and more. Using a social media strategy, open source projects can attract people with interest and affinity for their projects by setting up respective gathering spaces on these platforms. Through these social media channels, open source projects can share news and updates and highlight contributors and users. They can also be used to meet people who would not otherwise interact with your project. + +We are hesitant to suggest the following metrics because they have no clear connection to actual usage of your software and often require analysis for positive, negative, and neutral sentiment. People may be excited about your project for many different reasons and want to follow it without actually using it. However, like other metrics already discussed, showing that you are able to draw a crowd in social media spaces is an indicator of the interest in your project overall. Metrics for different social media platforms may include: + +- The number of followers or subscribers +- The number of messages +- The number of active message authors +- The number of likes, shares, reactions, and other interactions + +### Web analytics and documentation + +Website traffic is a useful metric as well. This metric is influenced more by your outreach and marketing activities than your number of users. However, we have an ace up our sleeve: our user documentation, tutorials, handbooks, and API documentation. We can see what topics on our website draw attention, including documentation. The number of visitors to the documentation would arguably increase with an increase in the number of discrete users of the software. We can therefore detect general interest in the project with visitors to the website and more specifically observe user trends by observing visitors to the documentation. Metrics may include: + +- The number of website visitors +- The number of documentation visitors +- The duration visitors spend on your website or in documentation + +### Events + +Event metrics are available if you are hosting events around your project. This is a great way to build community. How many people submit abstracts to speak at your events? How many people show up to your events? This can be interesting for both in-person and virtual events. Of course, how you advertise your event strongly influences how many people show up. Also, you may co-locate your event with a larger event where people travel anyway, and thus, are in town and can easily attend your event. As long as you use a consistent event strategy, you can make a case that a rise in speaker submissions and attendee registrations are indicative of increasing popularity and user base. + +You don't need to host your own event to collect insightful metrics. If you host talks about your project at open source events, you can measure how many people show up to your session focused on your project. At events like FOSDEM, some talks are specifically focused on updates or announcements of open source projects and the rooms are filled to the brim (like almost all sessions at FOSDEM). + +Metrics you might consider: + +- The number of attendees at your project-centric event +- The number of talks submitted to your project-centric event +- The number of attendees at your project-centric talks + +### Conclusion about approximating usage of open source software + +As we've illustrated, there are many metrics that can indicate trends around the usage of your software, and all are imperfect. In most cases, these metrics can be heavily influenced by individual behavior, system design, and noise. As such, we suggest that you never use any of these metrics in isolation, given the relative uncertainty of each one. But if you collect a set of metrics from a variety of sources, you should be able to detect trends in behavior and usage. If you have the means to compare the same set of metrics across multiple open source projects with commonalities—such as similar functionality, strong interdependencies, hosted under the same foundation, and other characteristics—you can improve your sense of behavioral baselines. + +Note that in this overview, we've also chosen to highlight metrics that evaluate direct usage. As most software depends on a variety of other software packages, we would be remiss if we did not mention that usage and behavior can also be heavily impacted by indirect usage as part of a dependency chain. As such, we recommend incorporating the count of upstream and downstream dependencies as another layer of context in your analysis. + +In closing, as the wielder of data and metrics, we encourage you to recognize the power and responsibility that you have for your stakeholders. Any metric that you publish has the potential to influence behavior. It is a best practice to always share your context—bases, sources, estimations, and other critical contextual information—as this will help others to interpret your results. + +We thank the CHAOSS Community for the insightful conversation at CHAOSScon EU 2022 in Dublin, Ireland that sparked the idea for this blog post and to the CHAOSS Community members who reviewed and helped improve this article. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/12/open-source-usage-metrics + +作者：[Georg Link][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/georglink +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/metrics-project-success +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/22/11/community-metrics diff --git a/sources/tech/20221121.2 ⭐️⭐️ Learn Git 3 commands to level up your skill.md b/sources/tech/20221121.2 ⭐️⭐️ Learn Git 3 commands to level up your skill.md index 80773e6f6f..fa23d27aa3 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20221121.2 ⭐️⭐️ Learn Git 3 commands to level up your skill.md +++ b/sources/tech/20221121.2 ⭐️⭐️ Learn Git 3 commands to level up your skill.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/11/advanced-git-commands" [#]: author: "Dwayne McDaniel https://opensource.com/users/dwaynemcdaniel" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "chai001125" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " diff --git a/sources/tech/20221127.1 ⭐️ How to Automatically Indent Your Code in Visual Studio Code.md b/sources/tech/20221127.1 ⭐️ How to Automatically Indent Your Code in Visual Studio Code.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fb2a25277f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221127.1 ⭐️ How to Automatically Indent Your Code in Visual Studio Code.md @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Automatically Indent Your Code in Visual Studio Code" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/auto-indent-vs-code/" +[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to Automatically Indent Your Code in Visual Studio Code +====== + +The indent in code refers to the space you have at the beginning of the code line. Like other code editors and IDEs, VS Code allows you to indent your code automatically. + +You can set tabs or spaces or whatever you prefer for the indentation. + +Sounds good? Let’s see how to do it. + +### Enable automatic indent in VS Code + +There are multiple ways you can achieve this. In this guide, I will show you three ways to indent your code in visual studio code automatically. + +#### Method 1: Configuring global user settings + +You can access the global user settings via the command pallet. Use `Ctrl + Shift + P` to open the command pallet and search for `Open User Settings` and hit enter: + +![access user setting from command pallet in vscode][1] + +It will open up the settings. From there, you will have to search for `Auto Indent` and choose **Full** as an indent option in **Editor: Auto Indent**: + +![enable auto indent from global user settings in vscode][2] + +And the automatic indent is enabled and applied to every opened file in VSCode. + +#### Method 2: Using linter or formatter for automatic indent in VS Code + +In this method, you will be required to add extensions such as a code formatter or linter to have the desired results. + +Linters will identify the errors in code, whereas formatters will only format your code to make it more readable. You can search for code formatters in the [VSCode marketplace][3] specific to your programming language. + +And here are some of my favorite code formatters and linters for widely popular languages: + +- [C/C++][4]: For C and C++ programming language. +- [PHP][5]: For PHP. +- [markdownlint][6]: For markdown files. +- [Python][7]: For Python programming language. +- [ESLint][8]: For JSON and javascript. +- [Beautify][9]: For javascript, JSON, CSS, Sass, and HTML. + +Once you are done adding a formatter for your preferred programming language, you can press `Ctrl _ Shift + I` to format the code. + +Similarly, you can use do the same using the command pallet. Press `Ctrl + Shift + P` to and search for **Format document**, and hit enter. + +![indent code in VSCode][10] + +#### Method 3: Enable auto indent while saving the file + +VSCode allows you to format your code while saving it with a little tweak. Let me show you how. + +Press `Ctrl + ,` and it will open the user settings prompt. From there, search for **Format On Save**: + +![enable format on save option][11] + + And from now on, your files will add an indent automatically when you save them. + +### Wrapping Up + +In this guide, I explained how you can add an indent automatically in VSCode. I would recommend using the second method for better flexibility. + +I hope you will find this guide helpful and if you have any queries or suggestions, let me know in the comments. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/auto-indent-vs-code/ + +作者：[Sagar Sharma][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/access-user-setting-from-command-pallet-in-vscode.png +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/enable-auto-indent-from-global-user-settings-in-vscode.png +[3]: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/vscode +[4]: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.cpptools +[5]: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=DEVSENSE.phptools-vscode +[6]: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=DavidAnson.vscode-markdownlint +[7]: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.python +[8]: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=dbaeumer.vscode-eslint +[9]: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=HookyQR.beautify +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/format-document-.gif +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/enable-format-on-save-option.png diff --git a/sources/tech/20221130.1 ⭐️⭐️ Get to know Lua for loops in 4 minutes.md b/sources/tech/20221130.1 ⭐️⭐️ Get to know Lua for loops in 4 minutes.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4098162525..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20221130.1 ⭐️⭐️ Get to know Lua for loops in 4 minutes.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,140 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Get to know Lua for loops in 4 minutes" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/11/lua-for-loops" -[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Get to know Lua for loops in 4 minutes -====== - -In programming, iteration is an important concept because code often must scan over a set of data several times so that it can process each item individually. Control structures enable you to direct the flow of the program based on conditions that are often established dynamically as the program is running. Different languages provide different controls, and in [Lua][1], there's the while loop, for loop, and repeatuntil loop. This article covers for loops. I will cover while and repeat until loops in a separate article. - -### For loop - -A for loop takes a known quantity of items and ensures that each item is processed. An "item" can be a number. It can also be a table containing several entries or any Lua data type. The syntax and logic are a little flexible, but the syntax allows for these parameters, each of which essentially describes a counter: - -- Starting value of the counter -- Stop value -- The increment you want the counter to advance - -For instance, suppose you have three items and want Lua to process each. Your counter could start at 3 and last until 1, at an increment of -1. That renders the count of 3, 2, 1. - -``` -mytable = { "zombie", "Halloween", "apocalypse" } -for count = 3, 1, -1 do -  print(count .. ": " .. mytable[count]) -end -``` - -Run the code to ensure all three items are getting processed: - -``` -$ lua ./for.lua3: apocalypse2: Halloween1: zombie -``` - -This code effectively processed the table in "reverse" because it was a countdown. You can count up, instead: - -``` -for count = 1, 3, 1 do -  print(mytable[count]) -end -``` - -This example processes the table from lowest index to highest: - -``` -$ lua ./for.lua1: zombie2: Halloween3: apocalypse -``` - -### Increments - -You can change the increment, too. For instance, maybe you want a zombie apocalypse without all the pomp and circumstance of Halloween: - -``` -mytable = { "zombie", "Halloween", "apocalypse" } -for count = 1, 3, 2 do -  print(mytable[count]) -end -``` - -Run the code: - -``` -$ lua ./for.lua -zombie -apocalypse -``` - -The example printed 1 and 3 because the first count was 1, which was then incremented by 2 (for a total of 3). - -### Counter - -Sometimes you don't know the number of times you need Lua to iterate over data. In this case, you can set your counter to a variable populated by some other process. - -Also, the word `count` isn't a keyword. It's just what I'm using in my sample code for clarity. It's common for programmers to use something shorter, such as `i` or `c`. - -``` -var = os.time() -if var%2 == 0 then -  mytable = { var } -else -  mytable = { "foo", "bar", "baz" } -end -for c = 1, #mytable, 1 do -  print(mytable[c]) -end -``` - -This code creates a variable containing the timestamp of when it was launched. If the timestamp is even (it has a modulo of 0 when divided by 2), then just the timestamp is placed into a table. If the timestamp is odd, it puts three strings into a table. - -Now you can't be sure how many times your for loop needs to run. It's either once or thrice, but there's no way to be sure. The solution is to set the starting count to 1 and the final count to the length of the table (`#mytable` is the built-in shortcut to determine the length of a table). - -It might take a few times of running the script to see both results, but eventually, you end up with something like this: - -``` -$ lua ./dynamic.lua1665447960 -$ lua ./dynamic.lua -foo -bar -baz -``` - -### For loops with pairs and ipairs - -If you've already read my article on [table iteration][2], then you're already familiar with one of the most common for loops in Lua. This one uses the `pairs` or `ipairs` function to iterate over a table: - -``` -mytable = { "zombie", "Halloween", "apocalypse" } -for i,v in ipairs(mytable) do -  print(i .. ": " v) -end -``` - -The `pairs` and `ipairs` functions "unpack" the table and dump the values into the variables you provide. In this example, I use `i` for _index_ and `v` for _value_, but the variables' names don't matter. - -``` -$ lua ./for.lua1: zombie2: Halloween3: apocalypse -``` - -### For loop - -The for loop structure is common in programming and very common in Lua due to its frequent use of tables and the `pairs` function. Understanding the for loop structure and the options you have when controlling it means you can make clever decisions about how to process data in Lua. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/11/lua-for-loops - -作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://opensource.com/article/22/11/lua-worth-learning -[2]: https://opensource.com/article/22/11/iterate-over-tables-lua diff --git a/sources/tech/20221130.4 ⭐️⭐️ Exodia OS Emerging BSPWM-based Arch Linux for Pentesters.md b/sources/tech/20221130.4 ⭐️⭐️ Exodia OS Emerging BSPWM-based Arch Linux for Pentesters.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d5ae7edc63 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221130.4 ⭐️⭐️ Exodia OS Emerging BSPWM-based Arch Linux for Pentesters.md @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +[#]: subject: "Exodia OS: Emerging BSPWM-based Arch Linux for Pentesters" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/exodia-os-first-look/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Exodia OS: Emerging BSPWM-based Arch Linux for Pentesters +====== + +**Meet Exodia OS, an Arch-Linux-based distribution in the making**, **for general and advanced usage. Here’s a first look.** + +![Exodia OS home edition][1] + +### Exodia OS: First Look + +A small team of Arch Linux enthusiasts from Egypt is developing Exodia OS based on BSP window manager (BSPWM). The primary use case of this distribution is to be a perfect distro for wire & wireless penetration testing by providing all the necessary tools by default (similar to Kali Linux). + +Exodia OS currently features three editions. The “wireless” edition brings 400+ pre-installed tools for both wire and wireless pen-testers. + +The “home” edition is primarily for daily use and general users. It features all the basic tools and apps for your general use. + +And finally, a third edition called the “predator” edition, specially designed for Acer Predator series Laptops. + +### Installation and first impression + +For this quick review, I did a test run in [Virtualbox][2] virtual machine with the “home” edition. + +The installation was pretty smooth with the Calamares installer. No surprise there. Because a well-customized Calamares hardly fails. After a successful boot, you get a nice login screen with a custom lightdm theme. + +![Exodia-OS login screen - home edition][3] + +In my personal opinion, all the window manager looks way better than desktop environments. And fast too. At its core, Exodia OS uses the BSPWM tiling window manager with custom themes preloaded. There are a total of 16 cool themes pre-loaded, which you can apply via theme chooser (CTRL+ALT+T). + +![Default BSPWM themes][4] + +### BSPWM and themes + +The 16 themes are combined with the context menu [jgmenu][5] and [rofi][6] launcher. When you change the theme, Exodia OS also changes the underlying rofi launcher and themes. + +The jgmenu is super productive with runtime search for applications and settings – which really saves time. In addition, you can browse thru the list of well-categorised apps. Furthermore, jgmneu is completely keyboard-driven, saving your workflow more time. + +![Dynamic search in jgmenu][7] + +![Rofi laucnher theme selector][8] + +![jgmenu looks stunning in BSPWM][9] + +Among all the themes, the top bar ([which is polybar][10]) is pre-selected with all the necessary items. And it’s clickable. The list of items which are available in the top bar: + +- Intelligent workspace switcher by app shortcuts +- Main menu launcher (jgmenu) +- Internet connection status (upload, download and network) +- Battery status, processor + +If you are playing music, a small section shows the artist’s name and playing controls. + +Also, you can see the update notifications. + +Furthermore, Exodia OS is configured to use tiling and floating windows while tiling. You can switch between them with keyboard combinations. + +![Exodia OS with Tiling in BSPWM][11] + +On another note, you can easily custom-make an awesome-looking Arch Linux box for yourself with jgmenu, dmenu, polybar and rofi! + +### Applications and sources + +The home edition is loaded with the application by default. This might be why an Arch distro’s ISO size is slightly over 3GB. However, most of the necessary apps are already installed. If you are a new user, you don’t need to go over the hassles of installing all those apps. + +Here’s a summary for the home edition: + +- Firefox web browser +- Thunar file manager +- Alacritty terminal +- Nitrogen wallpaper chooser +- Vim, Leafpad and Geany text editor +- GParted partition manager +- Timeshift backup tool +- Additional mix of GNOME and Xfce apps + +However, LibreOffice and the [desktop email client][12] are not installed. + +Furthermore, the “wireless” edition includes more applications in addition to the above list. Those are primarily for penetration testing. + +And the “predator” edition features special utilities such as PredatorSense to control CPU/GPU fans and the Keybaord RGB colour of these high-end Acer predator laptops. + +Exodia OS features a set of cool anime-flavoured wallpaper to beautify your Arch Linux further. + +### Performance + +Exodia OS consumes around 875 MB of memory at idle, and the CPU is at 7% average for all cores. And it may go higher from this baseline as you start launching for applications. + +![Exodia OS - performance (idle)][13] + +Most of the resources are consumed by the polybar, X11 and systems for several services. + +Being an Arch distro with the window manager, this metric might be slightly higher due to many pre-built customizations and processes. + +Overall, it should perform fast in recent hardware (not more than five years old). + +### Wrapping up + +Exodia OS is a newborn project and is still under development by a small team from Egypt. It seems the target audience is the security researchers who want a pre-built system with an Arch Linux base. Although, Debian-based Kali Linux is the “go-to” distro for anything related to security and hacking workflow. But Exodia OS might try to be the same with an Arch base. + +The good thing about being an Arch-based distro is – you get easy access to the largest repo with thousands of packages with rolling-release. Plus, the one and only [ArchWiki][14] and documentation. + +With that said, if you want to try it, test it in a [virtual machine][15] before installing it in the physical system. The LIVE medium has a user id `liveuser`, and the password is `exodia`. Also, make sure you know the key bindings of BSPWM before trying it out. The close window combination is `Super+Shift+C`. + +You can download all three editions of ISO files from the [official website][16]. + +Cheers. + +[Next:Download Firefox Browser: All Version Links and Details][17] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/exodia-os-first-look/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Exodia-OS-home-edition.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/virtualbox +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Exodia-OS-login-screen-home-edition.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Default-BSPWM-themes.jpg +[5]: https://jgmenu.github.io/screenshots.html +[6]: https://github.com/davatorium/rofi +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Dynamic-search-in-jgmenu.jpg +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Rofi-laucnher-theme-selector.jpg +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/jgmenu-looks-stunning-in-BSPWM.jpg +[10]: https://github.com/polybar/polybar +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Exodia-OS-with-Tiling-in-BSPWM.jpg +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/best-email-client-linux-windows/ +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Exodia-OS-performance-idle.jpg +[14]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/ +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/virtual-machine +[16]: https://exodia-os.github.io/exodia-website/ +[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/download-firefox/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20221201.1 ⭐️⭐️ 5 reasons I use the Dolphin file manager on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20221201.1 ⭐️⭐️ 5 reasons I use the Dolphin file manager on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4a5fef54fb --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221201.1 ⭐️⭐️ 5 reasons I use the Dolphin file manager on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +[#]: subject: "5 reasons I use the Dolphin file manager on Linux" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/12/linux-file-manager-dolphin" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +5 reasons I use the Dolphin file manager on Linux +====== + +Computers are basically fancy file cabinets, full of folders and files waiting to be referenced, cross-referenced, edited, updated, saved, copied, moved, renamed, and organized. Of course, the files and folders are only virtual, and so software developers came up with the modern "desktop" user interface. Your screen is the top of your "desk," which you can use as a surface for taking out files from their folders so you can review and work on them. The analogy seems almost quaint these days because computers are so much more than just a filing cabinet. And yet the model remains, for many of us, as the primary way we interact with data on our personal computers, which makes humble file manager software some of the most important applications you use. + +### Dolphin on Linux + +![Image of an open window in Dolphin.][1] + +The KDE Plasma Desktop provides Dolphin as its file manager. At first glance, it's a simple and almost minimal application. Don't let that fool you, though. There's a lot of potential in how you interact with the files on your computer, and Dolphin recognizes that. Here are five of my favorite Dolphin features. + +### 1. Fast launches + +Dolphin is quick to launch, and I don't mean that Dolphin itself launches quickly, but that the files you use within Dolphin can be opened quickly. A longtime KDE convention is that a single click of the mouse opens a file. That's admittedly counter-intuitive at first. After all, everybody knows you use a single click to select something and a double-click to open. But think about it. When you're selecting something, you're probably engaged in something relatively ponderous. You select files to then do something with them. The act of selection isn't the main action, it's the prep work for the action. There's no immediacy to selection. + +But when you open something, you've already made up your mind. You want the file opened so you can start working. There's immediacy to opening a file. + +If you look at it that way, it makes sense to require fewer clicks to open a file. So with Dolphin, by default at least, a single click opens a file in its default application. To select a file, you can either click on a **Selection** button overlaid over the icon, or click and drag to make a group selection. None of this is what you're used to, maybe, and it may seem unnatural, but after you've tried it you won't be able to tolerate a less efficient system. + +#### Faster launch (the other kind) + +This isn't a Dolphin feature specifically, but it deserves recognition. Thanks to the `kdeinit` subsystem of the KDE Plasma Desktop, Dolphin and many other KDE applications benefit from function pre-loading. Essentially, processes are launched by forking and loading a dynamic library containing a ''kdemain()'' function, which gives the typical KDE application a boost to launch time (I haven't timed it myself, but they say it's 2.5 times faster than without) and a reduction in memory consumption. + +### 2. Contextual actions + +One of the most basic and most common actions you do with a file manager is move and copy files. In fact, for many people, that's all a file manager is for. + +In Dolphin, when you drag-and-drop a file from one place to another, you're given a pop-up contextual menu so you can quickly choose whether you're copying, moving, or symlinking the file. If that slows you down, you can press a modifier key while dragging: **Shift** to move, **Ctrl** to copy, or **Ctrl+Shift** to link. It's fast, efficient, and friendly. + +![Image of a minimal Dophin window][2] + +### 3. Power of Qt + +The KDE Framework is based on the Qt framework, a famously flexible graphical toolkit. Not all KDE applications have the opportunity to take advantage of that, but Dolphin has several features that draw upon Qt's modular design. For instance, if you don't like the **Places** panel on the left of the window, you can move it to the right side of the window, or remove it entirely. Move the toolbar, remove the menu bar and status bar. Qt stops short of letting you redesign Dolphin entirely, but there's enough malleability for you to be able to change its layout to what works best for you. + +Here's my personal Dolphin configuration: + +![Image of drag and drop actions in Dolphin.][3] + +### 4. Plugins + +Dolphin isn't just Dolphin. It's Dolphin plus any number of plugins you choose to enable. There are plugins for several version control systems, including Git. There are lots of ways to interact with Git, and Dolphin adds one more way for convenience. I don't often think that I'm going to use Dolphin as my Git interface, but with Dolphin version control plugins enabled, it's too easy _not_ to use Dolphin as my Git interface. Nothing could be more natural than adding a file to staging, or adding a commit message, or even pushing to a remote repository, with the file manager that you're using to browse through the files anyway. + +### 5. Options + +They're not technically plugins because they're built along with the application, but Dolphin has a staggering number of optional features. You don't have to activate them all at once, but there's plenty of features in Dolphin for you to discover over years of use. For instance, there's an option to show a filter bar, which you can use as a kind of instant `find`command. You can use tabs in Dolphin, or split the Dolphin window into panes, you can enable expandable folders or choose to click into them, you can open archives as folders, you can choose to view thumbnail previews of certain files or deactivate them for other filetypes, and much more. + +### Dolphin and the modern Linux desktop + +Dolphin, like KDE, thrives on providing you, the user, options, by letting you decide what you want activated and what you want to ignore. Dolphin isn't the minimal lightweight file manager you compile and install on a [10-year old computer you've rescued from the bin][4] (although I've run it as a file manager for [Fluxbox][5] on some surprisingly old computers with success), it's the one you feature on your latest PC build. In short, Dolphin is the high tech desktop experience you'd expect from an advanced operating system like Linux. Dive in! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/12/linux-file-manager-dolphin + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/dolphinwindow.png +[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/dolphin-minimal.png +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/dolphin-drag-and-drop.png +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/how-make-old-computer-useful-again +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/fluxbox-linux-desktop diff --git a/sources/tech/20221201.3 ⭐️⭐️ Monica An Open-Source App for Personal Relationship Management.md b/sources/tech/20221201.3 ⭐️⭐️ Monica An Open-Source App for Personal Relationship Management.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2f5f0ad2f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221201.3 ⭐️⭐️ Monica An Open-Source App for Personal Relationship Management.md @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +[#]: subject: "Monica: An Open-Source App for Personal Relationship Management" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/monica/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Monica: An Open-Source App for Personal Relationship Management +====== + +You probably know what CRM stands for – **Customer Relationship Management**. We already have a list of [open-source CRM software][1] that helps small businesses. + +Here, I talk about an interesting open-source web application that takes the same concept for personal relationships. Sounds unique, right? + +Monica is an application that enables you to organize and record your interactions with loved ones. It is **free if you self-host it** and needs a **subscription if you need the hosted version**. + +### Monica: Keep Track of Social Interactions + +![contacts][2] + +It is tough to remember every little detail regarding your interactions with your family, friends, or colleagues. + +You can use [note-taking applications][3] or knowledge management apps like [CubyText][4] to add some information. But those are not tailored to record your interactions. So, you will have to make some effort to add the information in a manner that comes in handy when needed. + +With Monica, it becomes easier to add information about your family, work, the relation between contacts, activities, journals, reminders for important dates, debts, and more. + +You can install it on your own server or opt for a **$90/year** subscription to get the hosted version. + +It is interesting to note that the developer initially built it for his personal requirements. + +### Features of Monica + +![dashboard][5] + +You get loads of options to add information about people and interactions in your daily life. Some of these include: + +- Add notes about a person +- List names of significant others associated with a contact (their children, pets, etc.) +- Phone call logs +- Alternate contact methods for each contact +- Reminders for important dates and events with people. Birthdays are automatically set as reminders. +- Manage gift information +- Useful dashboard to see things at a glance +- Journal entry supported + +It looks like Monica comes packed with various functionalities that make it an all-in-one tool to write journals, take notes, add contact information, add events, and more. + +Unfortunately, there are no mobile apps available. You can access it from the web browser, but it may not be the best experience for everyone. So, if you stick to your smartphone for notes and stuff, you may want to look elsewhere. + +### Self-Host or Subscribe for Access + +If you want a hosted version of Monica, you can look at its [pricing page][6] to know more. + +For self-hosting, you need to head to its [GitHub page][7] and follow the instructions to download and get it installed. There are options to quickly deploy on Platform.sh or Heroku. + +Check the minimum system requirements before choosing a server to host Monica. + +There are no special premium features, and you get the same stuff when self-hosting it compared to its premium subscription for the hosted version. + +It all comes down to convenience. So, choose what sounds good to you. + +Head to its [official website][8] to get all the details and get started. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/monica/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/best-open-source-crm/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/contacts.png +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/note-taking-apps-linux/ +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/cubytext-experimental-project/ +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/dashboard.png +[6]: https://www.monicahq.com/pricing +[7]: https://github.com/monicahq/monica#get-started +[8]: https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-office-365-banned-in-german-schools-over-privacy-fears/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20221201.4 ⭐️⭐️ Getting Nostalgic With the Historical Coherent Operating System.md b/sources/tech/20221201.4 ⭐️⭐️ Getting Nostalgic With the Historical Coherent Operating System.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4cf8dcba5 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221201.4 ⭐️⭐️ Getting Nostalgic With the Historical Coherent Operating System.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +[#]: subject: "Getting Nostalgic With the Historical Coherent Operating System" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/coherent-operating-system/" +[#]: author: "Bill Dyer http://www.dyrobooks.com/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Getting Nostalgic With the Historical Coherent Operating System +====== + +Here’s a blast from the past. Years ago, back in the early 1990s, there was an operating system called Coherent. The price wasn’t so bad – $99. A few years ago, it was made freely available. Coherent never claimed to be UNIX, but UNIX-like. I learned a lot with that OS. + +When the Mark Williams Company closed in 1995, Coherent was a closed-source product. In 2015, it was released under a 3-clause BSD License so, if you’re interested, you can grab a free copy of Coherent at [Internet Archive][1] or [here][2].  + +Here’s a little look-back at Coherent. + +### Coherent’s Requirements + +Coherent was able to run on most Intel-based PCs with Intel 8088, 286, 386, and 486 processors. Coherent version 3, the version I started on, required at least a 286, and Coherent version 4 needed a 386. The drives that were supported were MFM or RLL. + +![coherent v3.0 ad 1][3] + +Coherent 3.0 which was a clone of the AT&T V7 UNIX. It ran very well on a ‘386 and 20mb MFM drive. When Coherent 4.0 came out, I upgraded and also replaced the hard disk to a 40mb MFM unit. In both cases, Coherent ran on less than 10mb. Coherent 4 was closer to AT&T’s Sys5R4 UNIX. + +Coherent 3.0 was a 16-bit OS but Coherent 4.0 was a bigger upgrade, able to take advantage of 32-bit operations. It still had a handful of programs limited to 16-bit operations, but all in all, it was a good system. + +### Coherent’s Offerings + +For a small package, it was remarkably complete. Not only was it a standalone operating system, but came with a big box of goodies, such as a Bourne Shell, C compiler, assembler, debugger, DOS disk support, uucp, at least three editors, some games, mail, and around 200 of the most used and useful UNIX commands. + +![coherent v4.0 ad2][4] + +The shell had a few bugs and was missing some features, but it was sufficient for the small stuff I normally did with it. X Windows was available, but I don’t think it came with the basic system and, if I remember correctly, was a separate purchase. I remember having it and it worked, but it had a few problems, but the Mark Williams Company continually worked on it. + +### Using Coherent + +Having a small UNIX system on a personal PC at home was nice. I was well versed with DOS, but UNIX was the operating system in use where I worked at the time and I preferred it over DOS and Windows 3.1. Coherent wasn’t as powerful as UNIX but it was a good learning tool. With it, I learned much about system administration and got a massive amount of hands-on experience with the command line. + +Programming was fun, but since the C compiler only had small model support (64K of code and 64K of data), I was limited in what programs I could write. Some might laugh at the small model, but some nifty programs could be written with it. + +Using Coherent at home, I was a single user, using it mainly for the experience with the command line and to learn a bit about system administration. + +I really can’t recall how well Coherent handled networking; I never concerned myself with it. I don’t recall it having a lot of network support – it certainly didn’t have TCP/IP. However, it did have `uucp`. It took me some time to get it working right, but once that was done, it delivered all the Usenet news I could ever want. + +One might think that it wouldn’t do well in a large setting, such as a school, but I attended one college that actually had several Coherent workstations. They were used mainly as training stations for classes in operating systems. + +### The XWindows vs. TCP/IP Argument + +There are some arguments over whether or not the Mark Williams Company’s efforts on XWindows was wise, or if they should have concentrated on implementing a TCP/IP stack. To some, this is the main reason why the Mark Williams Company folded. + +The Mark Williams Company spent a lot of time and effort on getting X Windows to work. I don’t recall that they truly finished, but they had at least gone a long way toward completing it. It makes sense to me that they would focus on it – the goal was to make an affordable UNIX-like system and X was definitely considered a part of UNIX. + +A small company would have to choose its projects carefully. XWindows was chosen. Even Linux, in its early days, didn’t offer TCP/IP support at first – [KA9Q][5] was used for a short time, so I don’t think that the decision to focus on XWindows was unwise at all. + +### Conclusion + +Coherent just couldn’t keep up with the competition and the Mark Williams Company closed in 1995. I certainly don’t consider Coherent a failure in the slightest, however. It was an excellent UNIX option at the time and the efforts of the Mark Williams Company was quite impressive. + +I learned more about the command line and general system administration than I ever could have where I worked at the time. I once recommended Coherent to an individual who wanted to learn UNIX on her own. After a year with it, she hired on as a system administrator. The last I heard from her, she was the senior UNIX admin at a large site in the Midwest US. + +I’m right glad that I got to play with Coherent. I credit Coherent with being a key part in my education; it had a part in how my career developed and I went on to be a system administrator on different UNIX systems. + +At home, I would eventually settle on Linux – a decision I do not regret, but if you decide to play with it remember that it’s old – you will be experiencing a bit of history. If you would like to try out Coherent, you can run it through VirtualBox. Thorough setup instructions can be found at: [https://www.autometer.de/unix4fun/coherent/][6]. Not only does the page cover VirtualBox setup, but the page also contains a link to disk images and installation instructions – a one-stop site. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/coherent-operating-system/ + +作者：[Bill Dyer][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: http://www.dyrobooks.com/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://archive.org/details/mwc-coherent-unix-clone +[2]: http://www.nesssoftware.com/home/mwc/source.php +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/coherent-v3.0-ad-1.jpg +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/coherent-1.jpg +[5]: http://www.ka9q.net/code/ka9qnos/ +[6]: https://www.autometer.de/unix4fun/coherent/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20221201.5 ⭐️⭐️ What is Firefox ESR How to Install it in Ubuntu.md b/sources/tech/20221201.5 ⭐️⭐️ What is Firefox ESR How to Install it in Ubuntu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ab1be90f2f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221201.5 ⭐️⭐️ What is Firefox ESR How to Install it in Ubuntu.md @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +[#]: subject: "What is Firefox ESR? How to Install it in Ubuntu?" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/firefox-esr-ubuntu/" +[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +What is Firefox ESR? How to Install it in Ubuntu? +====== + +The snap version of Ubuntu is not to your liking? Don’t like constantly changing things with every Firefox release? You can try the Firefox ESR version if you value stability over features. + +### What is Firefox ESR? + +Firefox ESR is a special edition of Firefox browser that doesn’t necessarily get new features monthly as the regular edition but it provides a stable and secure browsing experience. This is suitable for enterprises, organizations and institutes where stability and core features matter more than shiny new features. + +Think of Firefox ESR as the long-term stable release of Linux distributions. They do not necessarily get brand-new features but they get regular security and maintenance updates. This gives the users a familiar and stable environment. + +#### Why should you care for Firefox ESR? + +Firefox releases a new version almost every month. It contains security and feature updates. + +But some people may not like the inclusion and removal of features. If, after an update, you keep wondering where did certain settings go or do not like things that are different than before, Firefox ESR could be worth a try. + +Basically, if you value stability more than new features, Firefox ESR is for you. This is the same version of Firefox that ships with Debian, which is known for being one of the most stable distros you can get in the market. + +Let me show you how to get Firefox ESR on Ubuntu. **_You can have both Firefox and Firefox-ESR versions installed simultaneously. There is no visual difference in their logos so you have to pay attention to which Firefox version you are opening._** + +### Installing Firefox ESR in Ubuntu + +Before I jump to the installation part, let me share what’s the version difference between regular Firefox and Firefox-ESR. While writing, + +- Firefox is running at version **107.0-2**. +- Firefox-ESR is currently having **102.5.0esr**. + +So if that’s fine for you, let’s look at the first method. + +#### Method 1: Install Firefox-ESR using PPA + +Firefox-ESR is not available in the default repository of Ubuntu, so you can use the PPA. + +PPA is nothing but a repository being maintained by individual techies or developers to have what the default repository does not. + +And if you want to learn more about PPA, I would recommend checking our other guide that explains [how you can use PPA on Linux.][1] + +Open your terminal and use the given command to add PPA for Firefox-ESR: + +``` +sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mozillateam/ppa +``` + +And press Enter to confirm you want to add PPA: + +![add firefox esr repository in ubuntu][2] + +Once done, you will have to update the repository index in Ubuntu to take effect from the changes: + +``` +sudo apt update +``` + +And now, you can install Firefox-ESR by using the given command: + +``` +sudo apt install firefox-esr +``` + +Next, you can use the given command to check the installed version of Firefox-ESR in your system: + +``` +firefox-esr -v +``` + +![check installed version of firefox esr in ubuntu][3] + +##### Uninstalling Firefox-ESR from Ubuntu + +If the ESR felt too outdated for your work or for any other reason you want to remove it from your system, you can follow the steps to remove the Firefox-ESR package and the repository. + +First, let’s remove the Firefox-ESR package using the following: + +``` +sudo apt remove firefox-esr +``` + +Now, you can use the given command to [remove PPA from Ubuntu][4]: + +``` +sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:mozillateam/ppa +``` + +And that’s it! + +#### Method 2: Install Firefox-ESR using Snap + +Love it or hate it, Snaps comes pre-configured on Ubuntu and I find using snaps a neat way of installing packages, especially when you want to avoid building them for source or using PPA. + +All you need to do to install Firefox-ESR using snaps is to follow the given command: + +``` +sudo snap install firefox --channel=esr/stable +``` + +![install firefox esr using snaps in ubuntu][5] + +##### Removing Firefox-ESR Snap + +To remove Firefox-ESR (snap package), use the [snap remove command][6]: + +``` +sudo snap remove firefox +``` + +And that’s it! + +### Wrapping Up + +I explained how to install Firefox-ESR in Ubuntu using multiple methods in this guide. I personally use Firefox-ESR instead of the regular version as I was having random crashes. + +Since I shifted to Firefox-ESR, things have been going rock-solid for me. And if you were having the same, you should give it a try. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/firefox-esr-ubuntu/ + +作者：[Sagar Sharma][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/ppa-guide/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/add-firefox-esr-repository-in-ubuntu.png +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/check-installed-version-of-firefox-esr-in-ubuntu.png +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-remove-or-delete-ppas-quick-tip/ +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/install-firefox-esr-using-snaps-in-ubuntu.png +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/remove-snap/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20221202.1 ⭐️⭐️ Try this Java file manager on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20221202.1 ⭐️⭐️ Try this Java file manager on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7cc31a09ec --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221202.1 ⭐️⭐️ Try this Java file manager on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +[#]: subject: "Try this Java file manager on Linux" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/12/linux-file-manager-jfileprocessor" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Try this Java file manager on Linux +====== + +Computers are fancy filing cabinets, full of virtual folders and files waiting to be referenced, cross-referenced, edited, updated, saved, copied, moved, renamed, and organized. In this article, we're taking a look at a file manager for your Linux system. + +At the tail end of the Sun Microsystem days, there was something called the Java Desktop System, which was strangely _not_ written in Java. Instead, it was a (according to sun.com at the time) "judicious selection of integrated and tuned desktop software, most based on open source and open standards." It was based on GNOME, with an office suite, email and calendaring apps, instant messaging, "and Java technology." I found myself musing about what it would take to create a desktop in Java. Objectively, a desktop doesn't actually consist of all that much. The general consensus seems to be that a desktop is made up of a panel, a system tray, an application menu, and a file manager. + +It's an interesting thought exercise to imagine an actual Java desktop. Not enough to start an open source project with that as its aim, but enough for a quick web search for the necessary components. And as it turns out, someone has written and maintains a file manager in Java. + +### JFileProcessor + +The Java file manager I found is called JFileProcessor, or JFP for short. It's a fascinating exercise not just in Java, but specifically in [Groovy][1], a popular scripting language for Java. + +![Image of the JfileProcessor folders.][2] + +As a file manager, JFileProcessor takes a minimal approach to both design and function. It lets you view, open, move, copy, cut, or delete files on your local system and on remote systems. It's not particularly customizable, it doesn't have extra features like split panels or movable panes. It's not built around any central theme aside from managing files. JFileProcessor is refreshing, in a way, because of its simplicity. This is a file manager, and that's all. And sometimes that's all you want in a file manager. + +I've written about options to [theme Java Swing][3] before, and that technique is technically an option for this open source application. However, I think part of the charm of this application is what OpenSolaris called its "Blueprint" theme. It's a nostalgic look of Java, and I've enjoyed running it in its native GUI appearance as a callback to my OpenSolaris (now OpenIndiana) laptop. + +### User experience + +Design aside, what really matters is user experience. JFileProcessor has just three buttons that you use on a daily basis: Up, back, and forward. They aren't bound to keyboard shortcuts, so you do have to click the buttons to navigate (or use the **Tab** key to select a button). I do a lot with keyboard shortcuts when using graphical applications, so this slowed me down a lot as I tried to navigate my system. However, there are times when I'm actually just lazily browsing files, and for that JFileProcessor worked exactly as I needed it. + +There's a search component to JFileProcessor, too. As long as you set a reasonable starting folder, the search is quick and intelligent, allowing for both search globs and regex patterns. I used this feature regularly when searching for a specific e-book or comic archive or game rulebook, for instance, or any time that I had a rough idea that directory contained an item but couldn't be bothered to click all the way through to the destination. A quick search through the subdirectories inevitably returned the obvious result, and a double-click opened the file to whatever XDG preference I had set (Evince for PDFs, Foliate for eBooks, and so on.) + +A right-click on any file or directory brings up a context menu. It's got most of the common tasks you'd expect: Copy, Cut, Paste, Delete, Rename, New. It's got some nice additions, too. + +![Right-click context menu in JFileProcessor][4] + +For instance, you can copy just the filename to your clipboard or save a path to a file. You can also run some scripts, including one to batch rename files, one to run a command on selected files, one to create a ZIP or TAR archive, and many more. And of course, there are several options for the coder, including opening a terminal at your current location and opening a new coding window. + +### Install + +I'm a real fan of Java. It's a clear language with sensible delimiters and a firm stance on cross-platform compatibility. I enjoy it as a language, and I love seeing what programmers create with it. + +JFileProcessor is aptly named. It's an effective way to process files, in the sense that JFileProcessor gives you a simple window into the files of data on your system and allows you to interact with them, graphically, in the same way you're likely to interact with them from a terminal. It's not the most efficient file manager I've used, nor the one with the most features. However, it's a pleasant application that provides you with the basic tools you need for file management with a relatively small codebase that makes for some stellar afternoon reading. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/12/linux-file-manager-jfileprocessor + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/groovy +[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/jfileprocessor.webp +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/22/3/beautify-java-applications +[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/jfileprocessor-menu.webp diff --git a/sources/tech/20221203.0 ⭐️⭐️ Feel like a Linux wizard with the Thunar file manager.md b/sources/tech/20221203.0 ⭐️⭐️ Feel like a Linux wizard with the Thunar file manager.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7b7fb97fec --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221203.0 ⭐️⭐️ Feel like a Linux wizard with the Thunar file manager.md @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +[#]: subject: "Feel like a Linux wizard with the Thunar file manager" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/12/linux-file-manager-thunar" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Feel like a Linux wizard with the Thunar file manager +====== + +Computers are fancy filing cabinets, full of virtual folders and files waiting to be referenced, cross-referenced, edited, updated, saved, copied, moved, renamed, and organized. In this article, I'll take a look at a file manager for your Linux system. + +The [XFCE desktop][1] is well-known and respected for its careful and methodical development cycle. It's actively maintained and has continued to evolve over the years, its focus tends to be on delivering a consistent experience with just the right amount of new features. It's a pleasure to use XFCE on everything from the old computer you've repurposed as a home server to the new PC you've just built and are too greedy to waste GPU cycles on fancy desktop effects. XFCE is a budget desktop that doesn't make you skimp on experience, and its file manager exemplifies that. + +### Linux Thunar file manager + +The Thunar file manager is a lightweight file manager based on the GTK toolkit. If you're running GNOME already, you have most of what you need to run Thunar already installed. If you're not running GNOME, you probably still have most of what you need to run Thunar, because much of what Thunar uses is part of a typical Linux install. + +The visual design of Thunar is, like much of XFCE, "normal." By that, I mean it's exactly what you'd expect from a file manager: the side pane on the left contains common places you use often, and the pane on the right lists the files and folders on your system. + +![Image of the Thunar file manager.][2] + +### Side pane + +The panel on the left contains the default folders of a conventional POSIX system: Desktop, Documents, Downloads, Music, Pictures, Videos, and so on. It also has a slot for removable devices, such as USB drives and SD cards. In addition, it has a place for Network locations, in the event that you interact with a remote computer or a file share. + +Most options in Thunar are provided through its main menu, and that includes the option to change the side pane to a tree view. This view displays common places in an expandable list so you can collapse an entry you're not using at the moment. + +![Image of a side panel in Thunar.][3] + +### Menu + +Much of Thunar's power is accessible through its menu bar. Sure, there's a right-click contextual menu, but you will find the most powerful functions in the main menu. From the menu, you can perform quick but meaningful actions. + +- **Invert selection**: Select one or more items, then go to the **Edit** menu and choose **Invert selection**. Everything you had selected is now unselected, and everything else in the directory is selected. +- **Select by pattern**: Select files based on some combination of characters appearing in their names. For instance, type in `jpg`to select all filesendingin**`*jpg`,** or**`*nix`** to select all files containing the contiguous letters `nix`. +- **Show hidden files**: Sometimes you need to see the files you normally want out of sight. +- **Open terminal here**: Open a terminal window with its working directory set to your location. +- **Make link**: Make a symlink (sometimes called an "alias" or "shortcut") of the selected file or folder. + +### Fast + +The beautiful thing about Thunar, aside from its straight-forward simplicity, is how it defaults to immediately performing the action you've requested. There are file managers out there (including my personal favorite) that, at least without advanced knowledge of special shortcuts, interrupt a process in the interest of verification or clarification. Thunar only pauses when it absolutely needs feedback from you. + +A great example is the **Make link** function in the **Edit** menu. In some file managers, when you create a symlink you're asked first whether or not you want to make a symlink, and then maybe what you'd like to name the symlink, and maybe even where you want the symlink to be created. All of that's really important information and results in a targeted and precise action. However, sometimes you don't need precision. Sometimes you just want speed, which is why Thunar just _makes the symlink_. No questions asked. When you tell it to create a symlink, it creates a symlink, with a name prefixed with "link to", in your current directory. If that's not what you wanted the symlink to be named, then you can rename it. If that's not where you want the symlink to exist, then you can relocate it. Your upfront investment is minimal, and you get results fast. + +### Bulk rename + +Possibly Thunar's greatest contribution to the desktop is its bulk renaming function. How many times have you come home from vacation with a hundred photos called some variation of `IMG_2022-01-04_10-55-12.JPG`, which you add to a thousand other photos with similarly meaningless names? There are lots of [photo managers][4] out there that can help you [organize, browse, and tag][5] those photos, but there's nothing like a descriptive name to start out with. With Thunar, you can select hundreds of files, right-click, and select **Rename** for a bulk renaming interface. + +![Image of Thunar's bulk rename window.][6] + +Imagine opening your `~/Pictures` folder and seeing hundreds of photos with meaningful names! You probably don't even dare, but with Thunar it's actually possible! + +### Runic magic + +It's unclear whether Thunar is the product of mortal programmers or the magical denizens of Asgard. There's a very high probability of the former, but there's also the likelihood that you'll feel like the latter when you use it. It's a humble and simple file manager with a powerful feature set. It may even be a worthy replacement for your existing GNOME file manager, or at the very least worthy of being included in your dock. Install Thunar and wield its power. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/12/linux-file-manager-thunar + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/xfce-linux-desktop +[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/thunarfilemanager.png +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/thunar-side-panel.png +[4]: https://opensource.com/life/16/5/how-use-digikam-photo-management +[5]: https://opensource.com/life/16/4/how-use-darktable-digital-darkroom +[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/thunar-bulk-rename.png diff --git a/sources/tech/20221204.0 ⭐️⭐️ Make your Linux computer feel faster with the Xfe file manager.md b/sources/tech/20221204.0 ⭐️⭐️ Make your Linux computer feel faster with the Xfe file manager.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0b2541b075 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20221204.0 ⭐️⭐️ Make your Linux computer feel faster with the Xfe file manager.md @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +[#]: subject: "Make your Linux computer feel faster with the Xfe file manager" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/12/linux-file-manager-xfe" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Make your Linux computer feel faster with the Xfe file manager +====== + +Computers are like filing cabinets, full of virtual folders and files waiting to be referenced, cross-referenced, edited, updated, saved, copied, moved, renamed, and organized. In this article, I'll look at a file manager for your Linux system. + +Back before NVMe drives and 12-core processors, applications could take seconds to launch. While that wait time is fine for a big application like LibreOffice or Blender, it's a little painful when it's a tiny application you use frequently. 2 seconds times 10 file manager windows in an hour, times 12 hours a day, is 4 whole minutes of wasted time. OK, I admit that's actually not that much when you do the math, but ask anybody and they'll tell you that it _felt_ like 4 hours. One way to make a computer, whether it's last year's model or something hot off the shelf, feel faster is to use "lightweight" applications. An application is usually considered lightweight when it's designed around minimal code libraries that don't demand much from your system's resources. + +The X File Explorer (Xfe) file manager is one of those applications. It's quick to launch, it doesn't feature fancy animations or effects, and it has few dependencies beyond some basic libraries, most of which are probably already on your Linux system. + +![Image of the XFE file manager.][1] + +### Install on Linux + +On Fedora, CentOS, Mageia, and similar, you can install Xfe from your software repository: + +``` +$ sudo dnf install xfe +``` + +On Debian, Elementary, Linux Mint, and similar: + +``` +$ sudo apt install xfe xfe-themes +``` + +Xfe is open source, so you can alternately just [download the source code][2] and [compile it yourself][3]. + +### Using Xfe + +The first thing you're likely to notice about Xfe is that by default it's a little top-heavy. There's a menu bar, and then not one but five toolbars along the top of the window. Those toolbars aren't hard coded in position, though, and you can choose which toolbar you actually need on screen at all times in the **View** menu. Personally, I keep the **Location** toolbar on and hide the rest. But I think all Xfe users are likely to have a favorite set of toolbars all their own, so when you first try Xfe give yourself time to see which toolbar you actually end up using. + +Here's a list of the toolbars and some of the important buttons they each contain: + +- **General**: Navigation buttons, view refresh, new file, new directory, copy, cut, paste, and other standard file manager actions. This could replace the menu bar, were there a way to hide the menu bar. +- **Tools**: Launch a new Xfe window as user or root, execute a command, launch a terminal. +- **Panel**: Split the Xfe window into two panes, two panes with panels, one pane with panel, or a single pane. +- **Location**: Enter a path for quick navigation. + +It's not just the toolbars that are configurable. You can hide most components of Xfe, including the side pane displaying your filesystem tree and the status bar. Xfe can look as minimal as its memory footprint: + +![Image of Xfe in a minimal style.][4] + +### Power menu + +The beautiful thing about Xfe's design is that you never sacrifice features regardless of your configuration. You can hide toolbars and panels, but you still have access to every option from the menu. + +From the **Panel** menu, for instance, you can filter files by regex strings, show hidden files, activate and deactivate thumbnails (the fewer things your computer has to render, the faster it can draw the screen), switch icon views between a list or detailed list, choose to ignore case, reverse the sort order, and more. + +There's even a menu for the **Trash**, so you can always get to the place you need to be to rescue something you've thrown out. + +### Two dots + +The feature I appreciate more than I'd expected I would is Xfe's inclusion of a meta folder with a name of just two dots. The `..` folder isn't really a folder. It's shorthand for going "up" in your directory tree. If you don't think of folders existing in a tree configuration, that might not make immediate sense, but in computing, you can express the hierarchy of data storage in the same way you might express a family tree. If the `penguins` folder contains the `emperor` and `rockhopper` folders, then you can think of the `penguin` directory as their "parent." + +![Image of a file system tree.][5] + +Computers use two dots as an instruction to move out of the current directory and "up" the tree. When you're in the `rockhopper` folder, two dots mean _ascend up_ to `penguins`. When you're in the `emperor` folder, two dots also mean _ascend up_ to `penguins`, because `emperor` and `rockhopper` are both "children" of the `penguins` directory. + +This two dot convention is common in Linux and in fact the entire Internet (you can test this out by appending `/..` to the end of the URL of this article. It won't get you very far due to restricted permissions, but it does successfully take you off this page, so wait until you're done reading!) Having access to two dots in every directory of Xfe is a familiar and convenient way to navigate. + +### Make it quick + +Running fast applications makes your computing faster. It's a secret that experienced Linux users have known for years, and it's one of the many reasons you often see Linux users with ancient computers. When you use a terminal and a handful of lightweight applications, even a computer from a decade ago doesn't feel slow. The Xfe file manager, whether you use it for speed or just because it's a reliable app that's got everything you need, is an excellent choice for a file manager. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/12/linux-file-manager-xfe + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/xfefilemanager.png +[2]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/xfe/ +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/21/11/compiling-code +[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/xfe-minimal.png +[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/filesystem-tree.png diff --git a/translated/tech/20221130.1 ⭐️⭐️ Get to know Lua for loops in 4 minutes.md b/translated/tech/20221130.1 ⭐️⭐️ Get to know Lua for loops in 4 minutes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f2753b859d --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20221130.1 ⭐️⭐️ Get to know Lua for loops in 4 minutes.md @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +[#]: subject: "Get to know Lua for loops in 4 minutes" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/11/lua-for-loops" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +4 分钟了解 Lua for 循环 +====== + +在编程中，迭代是一个重要的概念，因为代码通常必须多次扫描一组数据，以便它可以单独处理每个项目。控制结构使你能够根据通常在程序运行时动态建立的条件来指导程序的流程。不同的语言提供不同的控制，在 [Lua][1] 中，有 while 循环、for 循环和 repeatuntil 循环。本文介绍 for 循环。我将在另一篇文章中介绍 while 和 repeat until 循环。 + +### For 循环 + +for 循环采用已知数量的项目并确保处理每个项目。“项目”可以是数字。它也可以是一个包含多个条目或任何 Lua 数据类型的表。语法和逻辑有点灵活，但语法允许这些参数，每个参数本质上描述了一个计数器： + +- 计数器的起始值 +- 停止值 +- 你希望计数器前进的增量 + +例如，假设你有三个项目并希望 Lua 处理每个项目。你的计数器可以从 3 开始一直持续到 1，增量为 -1。这呈现为 3、2、1 的计数。 + +``` +mytable = { "zombie", "Halloween", "apocalypse" } +for count = 3, 1, -1 do +  print(count .. ": " .. mytable[count]) +end +``` + +运行代码以确保所有三个项目都得到处理： + +``` +$ lua ./for.lua3: apocalypse2: Halloween1: zombie +``` + +这段代码有效地“反向”处理了表，因为它是倒数。你可以正数： + +``` +for count = 1, 3, 1 do +  print(mytable[count]) +end +``` + +此示例从最低索引到最高索引处理表： + +``` +$ lua ./for.lua1: zombie2: Halloween3: apocalypse +``` + +### 增量 + +你也可以更改增量。例如，也许你想要一个没有万圣节盛况的僵尸启示录： + +``` +mytable = { "zombie", "Halloween", "apocalypse" } +for count = 1, 3, 2 do +  print(mytable[count]) +end +``` + +运行代码： + +``` +$ lua ./for.lua +zombie +apocalypse +``` + +该示例打印了 1 和 3，因为第一个计数是 1，然后递增 2（总共 3）。 + +### 计数器 + +有时你不知道需要 Lua 遍历数据的次数。在这种情况下，你可以将计数器设置为由其他进程填充的变量。 + +另外，`count` 这个词不是关键字。为了清楚起见，这正是我在示例代码中使用的内容。程序员通常使用更短的名称，例如 `i` 或 `c`。 + +``` +var = os.time() +if var%2 == 0 then +  mytable = { var } +else +  mytable = { "foo", "bar", "baz" } +end +for c = 1, #mytable, 1 do +  print(mytable[c]) +end +``` + +此代码创建一个变量，其中包含启动时的时间戳。如果时间戳是偶数（除以 2 时模数为 0），则只将时间戳放入表中。如果时间戳是奇数，它将三个字符串放入一个表中。 + +现在你无法确定您的 for 循环需要运行多少次。可能是一次或是三次，但没有办法确定。解决方案是将起始计数设置为 1，将最终计数设置为表的长度（`#mytable` 是确定表长度的内置快捷方式）。 + +可能需要多次运行脚本才能看到这两个结果，但最终，你会得到如下结果： + +``` +$ lua ./dynamic.lua1665447960 +$ lua ./dynamic.lua +foo +bar +baz +``` + +### 带 pairs 和 ipairs 的 for 循环 + +如果你已经阅读了我关于[表迭代][2]的文章，那么你已经熟悉了 Lua 中最常见的 for 循环之一。这个使用 `pairs` 或 `ipairs` 函数来迭代一个表： + +``` +mytable = { "zombie", "Halloween", "apocalypse" } +for i,v in ipairs(mytable) do +  print(i .. ": " v) +end +``` + +`pairs` 和 `ipairs` 函数“解包”表并将值转储到你提供的变量中。在此示例中，我将 `i` 用于 _index_，将 `v` 用于 _value_，但变量名称无关紧要。 + +``` +$ lua ./for.lua1: zombie2: Halloween3: apocalypse +``` + +### For 循环 + +for 循环结构在编程中很常见，由于经常使用表和 pairs 函数，因此在 Lua 中非常常见。了解 for 循环结构和控制它时的选项意味着你可以就如何在 Lua 中处理数据做出明智的决定。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/11/lua-for-loops + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/article/22/11/lua-worth-learning +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/22/11/iterate-over-tables-lua