From efdbf03d3834280343889a65e348e2ffe33f1fd0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Brooke Lau Date: Sun, 8 Dec 2019 19:16:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] translated --- ... Send Email from the Linux Command Line.md | 154 ++++++------------ 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+), 108 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20191206 6 Ways to Send Email from the Linux Command Line.md b/sources/tech/20191206 6 Ways to Send Email from the Linux Command Line.md index 87f32ef3ec..d014acc66b 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20191206 6 Ways to Send Email from the Linux Command Line.md +++ b/sources/tech/20191206 6 Ways to Send Email from the Linux Command Line.md @@ -7,18 +7,10 @@ [#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/6-ways-to-send-email-from-the-linux-command-line/) [#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) -6 Ways to Send Email from the Linux Command Line +Linux 命令行发送邮件的 6 种方法 ====== -Sending email from the command line is required when you need to create emails from a shell script. - -There are several commands on Linux to send emails from the Linux command line. - -I’ve included the Top 6 Command Line Mail Clients in this tutorial. - -You can use any one of the following to send email from the Linux command line. - -This can be done using the following six commands. +当你需要在 shell 脚本中创建邮件时，就需要用到命令行发送邮件的知识。Linux 中有很多命令可以实现发送邮件。本教程中包含了命令行邮件客户端的 Top 6，你可以选择其中一个。6 个命令分别是： * mail * mailx @@ -29,53 +21,41 @@ This can be done using the following six commands. -### How does it work? +### 工作原理 -Let me give you an overall explanation of how the mail command delivers the mails to recipients on Linux. +我先从整体上来解释下Linux中邮件命令怎么把邮件传递给收件人的。邮件命令（如 sendmail，postfix）生成邮件并发送给一个本地的邮件传输代理（MTA）。本质上发送和接收邮件时邮件服务器和远程邮件服务器之间的通信。下面的流程可以看得更详细。 -The mail command compose emails and sends them to a local mail transfer agent (MTA), such as sendmail, postfix, and so on. +![](https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/smtp-simple-mail-transfer-protocol.png) -The mail server actually communicates with remote mail servers for sending and receiving emails. +### 1) Linux 安装 mail 命令 -The flow chart below can explain more about that. - -[![][1]][2] - -### 1) How to Install mail Command on Linux - -The mail command is most popular command to send emails from Linux terminal. - -The mail command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows. - -For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mailutils. +mail 命令是 Linux 终端发送邮件使用次数最多的命令。可以运行下面的命令从官方发行库安装 mail 命令。对于 **”Debian/Ubuntu“** 系统，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 安装 mailutils。 ``` $ sudo apt-get install mailutils ``` - For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install mailx. + 对于 **“RHEL/CentOS”** 系统，使用 **[YUM 命令][5]** 安装 mailx。 ``` $ sudo yum install mailx ``` -For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install mailx. +对于 **“Fedora”** 系统，使用 **[DNF 命令][6]** 安装 mailx。 ``` $ sudo dnf install mailx ``` -### 1a) How to Use mail Command on Linux to Send a Mail +### 1a) Linux 安装 mail 命令后发送邮件 -It’s straightforward and easy to use. - -Use the following format to send mail using the mail command without an attachment. +mail 命令简单易用。如果你不需要发送附件，使用下面的 mail 命令格式就可以发送邮件了。 ``` $ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -s "Subject" [email protected] ``` -Use the following format to send mail using the mail command with attachment. +如果你要发送附件，使用下面的 mail 命令格式。 ``` $ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -a test1.txt -s "Subject" [email protected] @@ -91,165 +71,131 @@ $ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -a test1.txt -s "Subject" [email protected +--------------------------------------------------------------+ ``` -### 2) How to Install mutt Command on Linux +### 2) Linux 安装 mutt 命令 -The mutt is another popular command to send emails from Linux terminal. - -Mutt is a small but very powerful text based program for reading and sending electronic mail under unix operating systems, including support for color terminals, MIME, OpenPGP, and a threaded sorting mode. - -The mail command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows. - -For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mutt. +mutt 是另一个 Linux 终端发送邮件很受欢迎的命令。mutt 是一个小而强大的基于文本的程序，用来阅读和发送 unix 操作系统的电子邮件，功能支持多彩终端、MIME、OpenPGP和按邮件线索排序的模式。可以运行下面的命令从官方发行库安装 mutt 命令。对于 **”Debian/Ubuntu“** 系统，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 安装 mutt。 ``` $ sudo apt-get install mutt ``` - For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install mutt. +对于 **“RHEL/CentOS”** 系统，使用 **[YUM 命令][5]** 安装 mutt。 ``` $ sudo yum install mutt ``` -For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install mutt. +对于 **“Fedora”** 系统，使用 **[DNF 命令][6]** 安装 mutt。 ``` $ sudo dnf install mutt ``` -### 2b) How to Use mutt Command on Linux to Send a Mail +### 2b) Linux 使用 mutt 命令发送邮件 -This is also straightforward and easy to use. - -Use the following format to send mail using the mutt command without an attachment. +mutt 也是简单易用的。如果你不需要发送附件，使用下面的 mutt 命令格式就可以发送邮件了。 ``` $ echo "This is the mail body" | mutt -s "Subject" [email protected] ``` -Use the following format to send mail using the mutt command with attachment. +如果你要发送附件，使用下面的 mutt 命令格式。 ``` $ echo "This is the mail body" | mutt -s "Subject" [email protected] -a test1.txt ``` -### 3) How to Install mpack Command on Linux +### 3) Linux 安装 mpack 命令 -The mpack is another popular command to send emails from Linux terminal. - -The mpack program encodes the the named file in one or more MIME messages. The resulting messages are mailed to one or more recipients. - -The mpack command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows. - -For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mpack. +mpack 是另一个 Linux 终端发送邮件很受欢迎的命令。mpack 程序会对 MIME 消息中文件进行编码。编码后的消息被发送到一个或多个收件人。可以运行下面的命令从官方发行库安装 mpack 命令。对于 **”Debian/Ubuntu“** 系统，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 安装 mpack。 ``` $ sudo apt-get install mpack ``` - For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install mpack. +对于 **“RHEL/CentOS”** 系统，使用 **[YUM 命令][5]** 安装 mpack。 ``` $ sudo yum install mpack ``` -For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install mpack. +对于 **“Fedora”** 系统，使用 **[DNF 命令][6]** 安装 mpack。 ``` $ sudo dnf install mpack ``` -### 3a) How to Use mpack Command on Linux to Send a Mail +### 3a) Linux 使用 mpack 命令发送邮件 -This is also straight forward and easy to use. - -Use the following format to send mail using the mpack command without an attachment. +mpack 也是简单易用的。如果你不需要发送附件，使用下面的 mpack 命令格式就可以发送邮件了。 ``` $ echo "This is the mail body" | mpack -s "Subject" [email protected] ``` -Use the following format to send mail using the mpack command with attachment. +如果你要发送附件，使用下面的 mpack 命令格式。 ``` $ echo "This is the mail body" | mpack -s "Subject" [email protected] -a test1.txt ``` -### 4) How to Install mail Command on Linux +### 4) Linux 安装 mailx 命令 -Mailx is the newer version of mail command. - -It is based on Berkeley Mail 8.1, is intended to provide the functionality of the POSIX mailx command, and offers extensions for MIME, IMAP, POP3, SMTP, and S/MIME. - -Mailx provides enhanced features for interactive use, such as caching message threading, scoring, and filtering. - -The mailx command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows. - -For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mailutils. +mailx 是 mail 命令的更新版本，基于 Berkeley Mail 8.1，意在提供 POSIX mailx 命令的功能和支持MIME、IMAP、POP3、SMTP和S/MIME 的扩展。mailx 在某些交互特性上更加强大，如缓冲邮件消息、排序和过滤等。可以运行下面的命令从官方发行库安装 mailx 命令。对于 **”Debian/Ubuntu“** 系统，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 安装 mailutils。 ``` $ sudo apt-get install mailutils ``` - For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install mailx. + 对于 **“RHEL/CentOS”** 系统，使用 **[YUM 命令][5]** 安装 mailx。 ``` $ sudo yum install mailx ``` -For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install mailx. +对于 **“Fedora”** 系统，使用 **[DNF 命令][6]** 安装 mailx。 ``` $ sudo dnf install mailx ``` -### 4a) How to Use mailx Command on Linux to Send a Mail +### 4a) Linux 使用 mailx 命令发送邮件 -It’s straight forward and easy to use. - -Use the following format to send mail using the mailx command without an attachment. +mailx 也是简单易用的。如果你不需要发送附件，使用下面的 mail 命令格式就可以发送邮件了。 ``` $ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -s "Subject" [email protected] ``` -Use the following format to send mail using the mailx command with attachment. +如果你要发送附件，使用下面的 mail 命令格式。 ``` $ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -a test1.txt -s "Subject" [email protected] ``` -### 5) How to Install sendmail Command on Linux +### 5) Linux 安装 sendmail 命令 -Sendmail is a most popular and general purpose SMTP server used in most of Linux distribution. - -Also, it allows you to sending email from command line. - -The sendmail command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows. - -For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install sendmail. +sendmail 是一个 Linux 上广泛使用的 SMTP 服务器，你也可以从命令行用 sendmail 发邮件。可以运行下面的命令从官方发行库安装 sendmail 命令。对于 **”Debian/Ubuntu“** 系统，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 安装 sendmail。 ``` $ sudo apt-get install sendmail ``` - For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install sendmail. +对于 **“RHEL/CentOS”** 系统，使用 **[YUM 命令][5]** 安装 sendmail。 ``` $ sudo yum install sendmail ``` -For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install sendmail. +对于 **“Fedora”** 系统，使用 **[DNF 命令][6]** 安装 sendmail。 ``` $ sudo dnf install sendmail ``` -### 5a) How to Use sendmail Command on Linux to Send a Mail +### 5a) Linux 使用 sendmail 命令发送邮件 -It’s straight forward and easy to use. - -Use the following format to send mail using the sendmail command. +sendmail 也是简单易用的。使用下面的 sendmail 命令格式发送邮件。 ``` $ echo -e "Subject: Test Mail\nThis is the mail body" > /tmp/send-mail.txt @@ -259,37 +205,29 @@ $ echo -e "Subject: Test Mail\nThis is the mail body" > /tmp/send-mail.txt $ sendmail [email protected] < send-mail.txt ``` -### 6) How to Install ssmtp Command on Linux +### 6) Linux 安装 ssmtp 命令 -ssmtp is a send-only sendmail emulator for machines which delivers email from a local computer to a configured mailhost (mailhub). - -SSMTP allows users to transfer emails through an SMTP server from the Linux command line. - -The sendmail command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows. - -For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install ssmtp. +ssmtp 是类似 sendmail 的一个只发送不接收的工具，可以把邮件从本地计算机传递到配置好的 mailhost（mailhub）。用户可以在 Linux 命令行用 SSMTP 把邮件发送到 SMTP 服务器。可以运行下面的命令从官方发行库安装 ssmtp 命令。对于 **”Debian/Ubuntu“** 系统，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 安装 ssmtp。 ``` $ sudo apt-get install ssmtp ``` - For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install ssmtp. +对于 **“RHEL/CentOS”** 系统，使用 **[YUM 命令][5]** 安装 ssmtp。 ``` $ sudo yum install ssmtp ``` -For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install ssmtp. +对于 **“Fedora”** 系统，使用 **[DNF 命令][6]** 安装 ssmtp。 ``` $ sudo dnf install ssmtp ``` -### 6a) How to Use ssmtp Command on Linux to Send a Mail +### 6a) Linux 使用 ssmtp 命令发送邮件 -It’s straight forward and easy to use. - -Use the following format to send mail using the ssmtp command. +ssmtp 也是简单易用的。使用下面的 sendmail 命令格式发送邮件。 ``` $ echo -e "Subject: Test Mail\nThis is the mail body" > /tmp/ssmtp-mail.txt @@ -305,7 +243,7 @@ via: https://www.2daygeek.com/6-ways-to-send-email-from-the-linux-command-line/ 作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[lxbwolf](https://github.com/lxbwolf) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出