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#rusking translating
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Create an Active Directory Infrastructure with Samba4 on Ubuntu – Part 1
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============================================================
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Samba is a free Open Source software which provides a standard interoperability between Windows OSand Linux/Unix Operating Systems.
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Samba can operate as a standalone file and print server for Windows and Linux clients through the SMB/CIFS protocol suite or can act as an Active Directory Domain Controller or joined into a Realm as a Domain Member. The highest AD DC domain and forest level that currently Samba4 can emulate is Windows 2008 R2.
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The series will be titled Setting Up Samba4 Active Directory Domain Controller, which covers following topics for Ubuntu, CentOS, and Windows:
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Part 1: Install Active Directory Infrastructure with SAMBA4 on UbuntuPart 2: [Manage Samba4 AD Infrastructure from Linux Command Line][4]Part 3: Install RSAT on Windows 10 Client to Manage Samba4 AD InfrastructurePart 4: Joining Samba4 DC to Existing AD Infrastructure with Sysvol ReplicationPart 5: Add a Shared Volume from Linux DC and Map to AD via GPOPart 6: Integrate Ubuntu 16.04 to AD as a Domain MemberPart 7: Integrate CentOS 7 to AD as a Domain MemberPart 8: Create Apache Website with Kerberos Authentication on AD Intranet
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This tutorial will start by explaining all the steps you need to take care off in order to install and configure Samba4 as a Domain Controller on Ubuntu 16.04 and Ubuntu 14.04.
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This configuration will provide a central management point for users, machines, volume shares, permissions and other resources in a mixed-up Windows – Linux infrastructure.
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#### Requirements:
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1. [Ubuntu 16.04 Server Installation][1].
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2. [Ubuntu 14.04 Server Installation][2].
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3. [A static IP Address configured][3] for your AD DC server.
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### Step 1: Initial Configuration for Samba4
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1. Before proceeding your Samba4 AD DC installation first let’s run a few pre-required steps. First make sure the system is up to date with the last security features, kernels and packages by issuing the below command:
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```
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get upgrade
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$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
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```
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2. Next, open machine /etc/fstab file and assure that your partitions file system has ACLs enabled as illustrated on the below screenshot.
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Usually, common modern Linux file systems such as ext3, ext4, xfs or btrfs support and have ACLs enabled by default. If that’s not the case with your file system just open /etc/fstab file for editing and add `acl` string at the end of third column and reboot the machine in order to apply changes.
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[
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][5]
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Enable ACL’s on Linux Filesystem
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3. Finally [setup your machine hostname][6] with a descriptive name, such as `adc1` used in this example, by editing /etc/hostname file or by issuing.
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```
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$ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname adc1
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```
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A reboot is necessary after you’ve changed your machine name in order to apply changes.
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### Step 2: Install Required Packages for Samba4 AD DC
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4. In order to transform your server into an Active Directory Domain Controller, install Samba and all the required packages on your machine by issuing the below command with root privileges in a console.
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install samba krb5-user krb5-config winbind libpam-winbind libnss-winbind
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```
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[
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][7]
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Install Samba on Ubuntu
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5. While the installation is running a series of questions will be asked by the installer in order to configure the domain controller.
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On the first screen you will need to add a name for Kerberos default `REALM` in uppercase. Enter the name you will be using for your domain in uppercase and hit Enter to continue..
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[
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][8]
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Configuring Kerberos Authentication
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6. Next, enter the hostname of Kerberos server for your domain. Use the same name as for your domain, with lowercases this time and hit Enter to continue.
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[
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][9]
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Set Hostname Kerberos Server
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7. Finally, specify the hostname for the administrative server of your Kerberos realm. Use the same as your domain and hit Enter to finish the installation.
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[
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][10]
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Set Hostname Administrative Server
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### Step 3: Provision Samba AD DC for Your Domain
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8. Before starting to configure Samba for your domain, first run the below commands in order to stop and disable all samba daemons.
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```
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$ sudo systemctl stop samba-ad-dc.service smbd.service nmbd.service winbind.service
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$ sudo systemctl disable samba-ad-dc.service smbd.service nmbd.service winbind.service
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```
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9. Next, rename or remove samba original configuration. This step is absolutely required before provisioning Samba AD because at the provision time Samba will create a new configuration file from scratch and will throw up some errors in case it finds an old `smb.conf` file.
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```
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$ sudo mv /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.initial
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```
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10. Now, start the domain provisioning interactively by issuing the below command with root privileges and accept the default options that Samba provides you.
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Also, make sure you supply the IP address for a DNS forwarder at your premises (or external) and choose a strong password for Administrator account. If you choose a week password for Administrator account the domain provision will fail.
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```
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$ sudo samba-tool domain provision --use-rfc2307 –interactive
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```
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[
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][11]
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Samba Domain Provisioning
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11. Finally, rename or remove Kerberos main configuration file from /etc directory and replace it using a symlink with Samba newly generated Kerberos file located in /var/lib/samba/private path by issuing the below commands:
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```
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$ sudo mv /etc/krb6.conf /etc/krb5.conf.initial
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$ sudo ln –s /var/lib/samba/private/krb5.conf /etc/
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```
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[
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][12]
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Create Kerberos Configuration
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12. Start and enable Samba Active Directory Domain Controller daemons.
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```
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$ sudo systemctl start samba-ad-dc.service
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$ sudo systemctl status samba-ad-dc.service
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$ sudo systemctl enable samba-ad-dc.service
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```
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[
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][13]
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Enable Samba Active Directory Domain Controller
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13. Next, [use netstat command][14] in order to verify the list of all services required by an Active Directory to run properly.
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```
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$ sudo netstat –tulpn| egrep ‘smbd|samba’
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```
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[
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][15]
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Verify Samba Active Directory
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### Step 4: Final Samba Configurations
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14. At this moment Samba should be fully operational at your premises. The highest domain level Sambais emulating should be Windows AD DC 2008 R2.
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It can be verified with the help of samba-tool utility.
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```
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$ sudo samba-tool domain level show
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```
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[
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][16]
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Verify Samba Domain Level
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15. In order for DNS resolution to work locally, you need to open end edit network interface settings and point the DNS resolution by modifying dns-nameservers statement to the IP Address of your Domain Controller (use 127.0.0.1 for local DNS resolution) and dns-search statement to point to your realm.
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```
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$ sudo cat /etc/network/interfaces
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$ sudo cat /etc/resolv.conf
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```
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[
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][17]
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Configure DNS for Samba AD
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When finished, reboot your server and take a look at your resolver file to make sure it points back to the right DNS name servers.
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16. Finally, test the DNS resolver by issuing queries and pings against some AD DC crucial records, as in the below excerpt. Replace the domain name accordingly.
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```
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$ ping –c3 tecmint.lan #Domain Name
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$ ping –c3 adc1.tecmint.lan #FQDN
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$ ping –c3 adc1 #Host
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```
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[
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][18]
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Check Samba AD DNS Records
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Run following few queries against Samba Active Directory Domain Controller..
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```
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$ host –t A tecmint.lan
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$ host –t A adc1.tecmint.lan
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$ host –t SRV _kerberos._udp.tecmint.lan # UDP Kerberos SRV record
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$ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.tecmint.lan # TCP LDAP SRV record
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```
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17. Also, verify Kerberos authentication by requesting a ticket for the domain administrator account and list the cached ticket. Write the domain name portion with uppercase.
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```
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$ kinit administrator@TECMINT.LAN
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$ klist
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```
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[
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][19]
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Check Kerberos Authentication on Domain
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That’s all! Now you have a fully operational AD Domain Controller installed in your network and you can start integrate Windows or Linux machines into Samba AD.
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On the next series we’ll cover other Samba AD topics, such as how to manage you’re the domain controller from Samba command line, how to integrate Windows 10 into the domain name and manage Samba AD remotely using RSAT and other important topics.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/install-samba4-active-directory-ubuntu/
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作者:[Matei Cezar ][a]
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译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/cezarmatei/
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/installation-of-ubuntu-16-04-server-edition/
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[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/ubuntu-14-04-server-installation-guide-and-lamp-setup/
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[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/set-add-static-ip-address-in-linux/
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[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/manage-samba4-active-directory-linux-command-line/
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[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Enable-ACL-on-Linux-Filesystem.png
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[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/set-hostname-permanently-in-linux/
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[7]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Install-Samba-on-Ubuntu.png
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[8]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Configuring-Kerberos-Authentication.png
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[9]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Set-Hostname-Kerberos-Server.png
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[10]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Set-Hostname-Administrative-Server.png
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[11]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Samba-Domain-Provisioning.png
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[12]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Create-Kerberos-Configuration.png
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[13]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Enable-Samba-AD-DC.png
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[14]:http://www.tecmint.com/20-netstat-commands-for-linux-network-management/
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[15]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Verify-Samba-Active-Directory.png
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[16]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Verify-Samba-Domain-Level.png
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[17]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Configure-DNS-for-Samba-AD.png
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[18]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Check-Samba-AD-DNS-Records.png
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[19]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Check-Kerberos-Authentication-on-Domain.png
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@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
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Create an Active Directory Infrastructure with Samba4 on Ubuntu – Part 1
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============================================================
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在 Ubuntu 系统上使用 Samba4 软件来创建活动目录架构 —— 第一节
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Samba 是一个免费的开源软件套件,用于实现 Windows 主机与 Linux/Unix 服务器之间的无缝连接及共享资源。
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Samba 不仅可以通过 SMB/CIFS 协议组件来为 Windows 与 Linux 系统之间提供独立的文件及打印机共享服务,它还能实现活动目录域控制器的功能,或者让 Linux 主机加入到域环境中作为域成员服务器。当前的 Samba4 版本实现的 AD DC 域及林功能级别可以取代 Windows 2008 R2 系统的域相关功能。
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该序列的文章的主要内容是使用 Samba4 软件来配置活动目录域控制器,包括与 Ubuntu,CentOS 和 Windows 系统相关的以下主题:
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第 1 节:在 Ubuntu 系统上使用 Samba4 软件来创建活动目录架构
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第 2 节:[在 Linux 命令行下管理 Samba4 AD 架构][4]
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第 3 节:在 Windows 10 操作系统上安装 RSAT 工具来管理 Samba4 AD
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第 4 节:使用 Sysvol Replication 复制功能把 Samba 4 DC 加入到已有的 AD
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第 5 节:从 Linux DC 服务器通过GOP来添加一个共享磁盘并映射到 AD
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第 6 节:把 Ubuntu 16.04 系统主机作为域成员服务器添加到 AD
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第 7 节:把 CenterOS 7 系统主机作为域成员服务器添加到 AD
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第 8 节:在 AD Intranet 区域创建使用kerberos认证的 Apache Website
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该向导将阐明在 Ubuntu 16.04 和 Ubuntu 14.04 操作系统上安装配置 Samba4 作为域控服务器组件的过程中,你需要注意的每一个步骤。
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This configuration will provide a central management point for users, machines, volume shares, permissions and other resources in a mixed-up Windows – Linux infrastructure.
|
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以下安装配置文档将会说明在 Windows 和 Linux 的混合系统环境中,关于用户,机器,共享磁盘,权限及其它资源信息的主要配置点。
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#### 环境要求:
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1. [Ubuntu 16.04 服务器安装Server Installation][1].
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2. [Ubuntu 14.04 服务器安装Server Installation][2].
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3. 为你的 AD DC 服务器[设置静态IP地址][3]
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### Step 1: 初始化 Samba4 安装环境
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1. 在开始安装 Samba4 AD DC 之前,咱们先运行一些先决条件的检查步骤。首先运行以下命令来确保系统已更新了最新的安全特性,内核及其它补丁:
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|
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```
|
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
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```
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2. 其次,打开服务器上的 /etc/fstab 文件,确保文件系统分区的 ACL 已经设置为 enabled ,如下图所示。
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通常情况下,当前常见的 Linux 文件系统,比如 ext3,ext4,xfs 或 btrfs 都默认支持并已经设置 ACL 为enabled 。如果未设置,则打开并编辑 /etc/fstab 文件,在第三列添加 'acl',然后重启系统以使用修改的配置生效。
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[
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][5]
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启动 Linux 文件系统的 ACL 功能
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3. 最后使用一个具有描述性的名称来[设置主机名][6] ,比如这往篇文章所使用的 ‘adc1'。通过编辑 /etc/hostname 文件或使用使用下图所示的命令来设置主机名。
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```
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$ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname adc1
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||||
```
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为了使修改的主机名生效必须重启服务器。
|
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|
||||
### Step 2: 为 Samba4 AD DC 服务器安装必需的软件包
|
||||
|
||||
4. 为了让你的服务器转变为域控服务器,你需要在服务器上使用具有 root 权限的账号执行以下命令来安装 Samba 套件及所有必需的软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install samba krb5-user krb5-config winbind libpam-winbind libnss-winbind
|
||||
```
|
||||
[
|
||||

|
||||
][7]
|
||||
|
||||
在Ubuntu系统上安装 Samba套件
|
||||
|
||||
5. 安装包在执行的过程中将会询问你一系列的问题以便完成域控制器的配置。
|
||||
|
||||
在第一个截图中你需要为 Kerberos 添加一个默认的大写的名字 ’REALM‘。输入你的域环境中需要使用的大写的域名,然后单击 Enter 继续。
|
||||
[
|
||||

|
||||
][8]
|
||||
|
||||
配置 Kerosene 认证服务
|
||||
|
||||
6. 下一步,输入当前域中 Kerberos 服务器的主机名。使用跟域或相同的名字,这一次使用小写,然后单击 Enter 继续。
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||||
|
||||
[
|
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|
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][9]
|
||||
|
||||
设置 Kerberos 服务器的主机名
|
||||
|
||||
7. Finally, specify the hostname for the administrative server of your Kerberos realm. Use the same as your domain and hit Enter to finish the installation.最后,指定 Kerberos realm 管理服务器的主机名。使用跟域名相同的名字,单击 Enter 后安装完成。
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|
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[
|
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|
||||
][10]
|
||||
|
||||
Set Hostname Administrative Server
|
||||
设置管理服务器的主机名
|
||||
|
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### Step 3: 为你的域环境开启 Samba AD DC 服务
|
||||
|
||||
8. 在为域服务器配置 Samba 服务之前,先运行如下命令来停止并禁用所有 Samba 进程。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl stop samba-ad-dc.service smbd.service nmbd.service winbind.service
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl disable samba-ad-dc.service smbd.service nmbd.service winbind.service
|
||||
```
|
||||
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||||
9. 下一步,重命名或删除 Samba 原始配置文件。在开启 Samba 服务之前,必须执行这一步操作,因为在开启服务的过程中 Samba 将会创建一个新的配置文件,如果检测到原有的 ’smb.conf' 配置文件则会报错。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mv /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.initial
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
10. 现在,使用 root 权限的账号并接受 Samba 提示的默认选项,以交互试方式启动 domain provision。
|
||||
|
||||
还有,输入正确的 DNS 服务器地址并且为 Administrator 账号设置强密码。如果使用的是弱密码,则 domain provison 过程会失败。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo samba-tool domain provision --use-rfc2307 –interactive
|
||||
```
|
||||
[
|
||||

|
||||
][11]
|
||||
|
||||
Samba Domain Provisioning
|
||||
|
||||
11. 最后,使用以下命令重命名或删除 Kerberos 认证在 /etc 目录下的主配置文件,并且把 Samba 新生成的 Kerberos 配置文件创建一个软链接指向 /etc 目录。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mv /etc/krb6.conf /etc/krb5.conf.initial
|
||||
$ sudo ln –s /var/lib/samba/private/krb5.conf /etc/
|
||||
```
|
||||
[
|
||||

|
||||
][12]
|
||||
|
||||
创建 Kerberos 配置文件
|
||||
|
||||
12. 启动并开启 Samba 活动目录域控制器后台进程
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl start samba-ad-dc.service
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl status samba-ad-dc.service
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl enable samba-ad-dc.service
|
||||
```
|
||||
[
|
||||

|
||||
][13]
|
||||
|
||||
开启 Samba 活动目录域控制器服务
|
||||
|
||||
13. 下一步,[使用 netstat 命令][14] 来验证活动目录启动的服务是否正常。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo netstat –tulpn| egrep ‘smbd|samba’
|
||||
```
|
||||
[
|
||||

|
||||
][15]
|
||||
|
||||
验证 Samba 活动目录
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 4: Samba 最后的配置
|
||||
|
||||
14. 此刻,Samba 应该跟你想像的一样,完全运行正常。Samba 现在实现的域功能级别可以完全跟 Windows AD DC 2008 R2 相媲美。
|
||||
|
||||
可以使用 samba-tool 工具来验证 Samba 服务是否正常
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo samba-tool domain level show
|
||||
```
|
||||
[
|
||||

|
||||
][16]
|
||||
|
||||
验证 Samba 域服务级别
|
||||
|
||||
15. 为了满足 DNS 本地解析的需求,你可以编辑网卡配置文件,修改 dns-nameservers 参数的值为域控制器地址(使用 127.0.0.1作为本地 DNS 解析地址),并且设置 dns-search 参数为你的 realm 值。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo cat /etc/network/interfaces
|
||||
$ sudo cat /etc/resolv.conf
|
||||
```
|
||||
[
|
||||

|
||||
][17]
|
||||
|
||||
为 Samba 配置 DNS 服务器地址
|
||||
|
||||
设置完成后,重启服务并检查解析文件是否指向正确的 DNS 服务器地址。
|
||||
|
||||
16. 最后,通过 ping 命令查询结果来检查某些重要的 AD DC 记录是否正常,使用类似下面的命令,替换对应的域名。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ping –c3 tecmint.lan #Domain Name
|
||||
$ ping –c3 adc1.tecmint.lan #FQDN
|
||||
$ ping –c3 adc1 #Host
|
||||
```
|
||||
[
|
||||

|
||||
][18]
|
||||
|
||||
检查 Samba AD DNS Records
|
||||
|
||||
执行下面的一些查询命令来检查 Samba 活动目录域控制器是否正常。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ host –t A tecmint.lan
|
||||
$ host –t A adc1.tecmint.lan
|
||||
$ host –t SRV _kerberos._udp.tecmint.lan # UDP Kerberos SRV record
|
||||
$ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.tecmint.lan # TCP LDAP SRV record
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
17. 并且,通过请求一个域管理员账号的票据来列出缓存的票据信息以验证 Kerberos 认证是否正常。注意域名部分使用大写。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ kinit administrator@TECMINT.LAN
|
||||
$ klist
|
||||
```
|
||||
[
|
||||

|
||||
][19]
|
||||
|
||||
检查域环境中的 Kerberos 认证是否正确
|
||||
|
||||
至此! 你当前的网络环境中已经完全运行着一个 AD 域控制器,你现在可以把 Windows 或 Linux 系统的主机集成到 Samba AD 中了。
|
||||
|
||||
在下一期的文章中将会包括其它Samba AD 域的主题,比如,在 Samba 命令行下如何管理你的域控制器,如何把 Windows 10 系统主机添加到同一个域环境中,如何使用 RSAT 工具远程管理 Samba AD 域,以及其它重要的主题。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/install-samba4-active-directory-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Matei Cezar ][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/rusking)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/cezarmatei/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/installation-of-ubuntu-16-04-server-edition/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/ubuntu-14-04-server-installation-guide-and-lamp-setup/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/set-add-static-ip-address-in-linux/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/manage-samba4-active-directory-linux-command-line/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Enable-ACL-on-Linux-Filesystem.png
|
||||
[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/set-hostname-permanently-in-linux/
|
||||
[7]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Install-Samba-on-Ubuntu.png
|
||||
[8]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Configuring-Kerberos-Authentication.png
|
||||
[9]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Set-Hostname-Kerberos-Server.png
|
||||
[10]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Set-Hostname-Administrative-Server.png
|
||||
[11]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Samba-Domain-Provisioning.png
|
||||
[12]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Create-Kerberos-Configuration.png
|
||||
[13]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Enable-Samba-AD-DC.png
|
||||
[14]:http://www.tecmint.com/20-netstat-commands-for-linux-network-management/
|
||||
[15]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Verify-Samba-Active-Directory.png
|
||||
[16]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Verify-Samba-Domain-Level.png
|
||||
[17]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Configure-DNS-for-Samba-AD.png
|
||||
[18]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Check-Samba-AD-DNS-Records.png
|
||||
[19]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Check-Kerberos-Authentication-on-Domain.png
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user