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Merge remote-tracking branch 'LCTT/master'
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@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
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在 Fedora 上使用 Pitivi 编辑你的视频
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在 Fedora 上使用 Pitivi 编辑视频
|
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======
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
想制作一部你本周末冒险的视频吗?视频编辑有很多选择。但是,如果你在寻找一个容易上手的视频编辑器,并且也可以在官方 Fedora 仓库中找到,请尝试一下[Pitivi][1]。
|
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|
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Pitivi 是一个使用 GStreamer 框架的开源非线性视频编辑器。在 Fedora 下开箱即用,Pitivi 支持 OGG、WebM 和一系列其他格式。此外,通过 gstreamer 插件可以获得更多视频格式支持。Pitivi 也与 GNOME 桌面紧密集成,因此相比其他新的程序,它的 UI 在 Fedora Workstation 上会感觉很熟悉。
|
||||
想制作一部你本周末冒险的视频吗?视频编辑有很多选择。但是,如果你在寻找一个容易上手的视频编辑器,并且也可以在官方 Fedora 仓库中找到,请尝试一下 [Pitivi][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
Pitivi 是一个使用 GStreamer 框架的开源非线性视频编辑器。在 Fedora 下开箱即用,Pitivi 支持 OGG、WebM 和一系列其他格式。此外,通过 GStreamer 插件可以获得更多视频格式支持。Pitivi 也与 GNOME 桌面紧密集成,因此相比其他新的程序,它的 UI 在 Fedora Workstation 上会感觉很熟悉。
|
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### 在 Fedora 上安装 Pitivi
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@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ sudo dnf install pitivi
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### 基本编辑
|
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Pitivi 内置了多种工具,可以快速有效地编辑剪辑。只需将视频、音频和图像导入 Pitivi 媒体库,然后将它们拖到时间线上即可。此外,除了时间线上的简单淡入淡出过渡之外,pitivi 还允许你轻松地将剪辑的各个部分分割、修剪和分组。
|
||||
Pitivi 内置了多种工具,可以快速有效地编辑剪辑。只需将视频、音频和图像导入 Pitivi 媒体库,然后将它们拖到时间线上即可。此外,除了时间线上的简单淡入淡出过渡之外,Pitivi 还允许你轻松地将剪辑的各个部分分割、修剪和分组。
|
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|
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![][3]
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|
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@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ via: https://fedoramagazine.org/edit-your-videos-with-pitivi-on-fedora/
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作者:[Ryan Lerch][a]
|
||||
选题:[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,32 +1,28 @@
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Python 机器学习的必备技巧
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> 尝试使用 Python 掌握机器学习、人工智能和深度学习。
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
想要入门机器学习并不难。除了<ruby>大规模网络公开课<rt>Massive Open Online Courses</rt></ruby>(MOOCs)之外,还有很多其它优秀的免费资源。下面我分享一些我觉得比较有用的方法。
|
||||
想要入门机器学习并不难。除了<ruby>大规模网络公开课<rt>Massive Open Online Courses</rt></ruby>(MOOC)之外,还有很多其它优秀的免费资源。下面我分享一些我觉得比较有用的方法。
|
||||
|
||||
1. 阅览一些关于这方面的视频、文章或者书籍,例如 [The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World][29],你肯定会喜欢这些[关于机器学习的互动页面][30]。
|
||||
|
||||
2. 对于“机器学习”、“人工智能”、“深度学习”、“数据科学”、“计算机视觉”和“机器人技术”这一堆新名词,你需要知道它们之前的区别。你可以阅览这些领域的专家们的演讲,例如[数据科学家 Brandon Rohrer 的这个视频][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
3. 明确你自己的学习目标,并选择合适的 [Coursera 课程][3],或者参加高校的网络公开课。例如[华盛顿大学的课程][4]就很不错。
|
||||
|
||||
4. 关注优秀的博客:例如 [KDnuggets][32] 的博客、[Mark Meloon][33] 的博客、[Brandon Rohrer][34] 的博客、[Open AI][35] 的博客,这些都值得推荐。
|
||||
|
||||
5. 如果你对在线课程有很大兴趣,后文中会有如何[正确选择 MOOC 课程][31]的指导。
|
||||
|
||||
6. 最重要的是,培养自己对这些技术的兴趣。加入一些优秀的社交论坛,专注于阅读和了解,将这些技术的背景知识和发展方向理解透彻,并积极思考在日常生活和工作中如何应用机器学习或数据科学的原理。例如建立一个简单的回归模型来预测下一次午餐的成本,又或者是从电力公司的网站上下载历史电费数据,在 Excel 中进行简单的时序分析以发现某种规律。在你对这些技术产生了浓厚兴趣之后,可以观看以下这个视频。
|
||||
1. 从一些 YouTube 上的好视频开始,阅览一些关于这方面的文章或者书籍,例如 《[主算法:终极学习机器的探索将如何重塑我们的世界][29]》,而且我觉得你肯定会喜欢这些[关于机器学习的很酷的互动页面][30]。
|
||||
2. 对于“<ruby>机器学习<rt>machine learning</rt></ruby>”、“<ruby>人工智能<rt>artificial intelligence</rt></ruby>”、“<ruby>深度学习<rt>deep learning</rt></ruby>”、“<ruby>数据科学<rt>data science</rt></ruby>”、“<ruby>计算机视觉<rt>computer vision</rt></ruby>”和“<ruby>机器人技术<rt>robotics</rt></ruby>”这一堆新名词,你需要知道它们之间的区别。你可以阅览或聆听这些领域的专家们的演讲,例如这位有影响力的[数据科学家 Brandon Rohrer 的精彩视频][1]。或者这个讲述了数据科学相关的[各种角色之间的区别][2]的视频。
|
||||
3. 明确你自己的学习目标,并选择合适的 [Coursera 课程][3],或者参加高校的网络公开课,例如[华盛顿大学的课程][4]就很不错。
|
||||
4. 关注优秀的博客:例如 [KDnuggets][32] 的博客、[Mark Meloon][33] 的博客、[Brandon Rohrer][34] 的博客、[Open AI][35] 的研究博客,这些都值得推荐。
|
||||
5. 如果你热衷于在线课程,后文中会有如何[正确选择 MOOC 课程][31]的指导。
|
||||
6. 最重要的是,培养自己对这些技术的兴趣。加入一些优秀的社交论坛,不要被那些耸人听闻的头条和新闻所吸引,专注于阅读和了解,将这些技术的背景知识和发展方向理解透彻,并积极思考在日常生活和工作中如何应用机器学习或数据科学的原理。例如建立一个简单的回归模型来预测下一次午餐的成本,又或者是从电力公司的网站上下载历史电费数据,在 Excel 中进行简单的时序分析以发现某种规律。在你对这些技术产生了浓厚兴趣之后,可以观看以下这个视频。
|
||||
|
||||
<https://www.youtube.com/embed/IpGxLWOIZy4>
|
||||
|
||||
### Python 是机器学习和人工智能方面的最佳语言吗?
|
||||
|
||||
除非你是一名专业的研究一些复杂算法纯理论证明的研究人员,否则,对于一个机器学习的入门者来说,需要熟悉至少一种高级编程语言一家相关的专业知识。因为大多数情况下都是需要考虑如何将机器学习算法应用于解决实际问题,而这需要有一定的编程能力作为基础。
|
||||
除非你是一名专业的研究一些复杂算法纯理论证明的研究人员,否则,对于一个机器学习的入门者来说,需要熟悉至少一种高级编程语言。因为大多数情况下都是需要考虑如何将现有的机器学习算法应用于解决实际问题,而这需要有一定的编程能力作为基础。
|
||||
|
||||
哪一种语言是数据科学的最佳语言?这个讨论一直没有停息过。对于这方面,你可以提起精神来看一下 FreeCodeCamp 上这一篇关于[数据科学语言][6]的文章,又或者是 KDnuggets 关于 [Python 和 R][7] 之间的深入探讨。
|
||||
哪一种语言是数据科学的最佳语言?这个讨论一直没有停息过。对于这方面,你可以提起精神来看一下 FreeCodeCamp 上这一篇关于[数据科学语言][6]的文章,又或者是 KDnuggets 关于 [Python 和 R 之争][7]的深入探讨。
|
||||
|
||||
目前人们普遍认为 Python 在开发、部署、维护各方面的效率都是比较高的。与 Java、C 和 C++ 这些较为传统的语言相比,Python 的语法更为简单和高级。而且 Python 拥有活跃的社区群体、广泛的开源文化、数百个专用于机器学习的优质代码库,以及来自业界巨头(包括Google、Dropbox、Airbnb 等)的强大技术支持。
|
||||
目前人们普遍认为 Python 在开发、部署、维护各方面的效率都是比较高的。与 Java、C 和 C++ 这些较为传统的语言相比,Python 的语法更为简单和高级。而且 Python 拥有活跃的社区群体、广泛的开源文化、数百个专用于机器学习的优质代码库,以及来自业界巨头(包括 Google、Dropbox、Airbnb 等)的强大技术支持。
|
||||
|
||||
### 基础 Python 库
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -46,7 +42,7 @@ Pandas 是 Python 生态中用于进行通用数据分析的最受欢迎的库
|
||||
* 选择数据子集
|
||||
* 跨行列计算
|
||||
* 查找并补充缺失的数据
|
||||
* 将操作应用于数据中的独立组
|
||||
* 将操作应用于数据中的独立分组
|
||||
* 按照多种格式转换数据
|
||||
* 组合多个数据集
|
||||
* 高级时间序列功能
|
||||
@@ -68,7 +64,7 @@ Pandas 是 Python 生态中用于进行通用数据分析的最受欢迎的库
|
||||
|
||||
#### Scikit-learn
|
||||
|
||||
Scikit-learn 是机器学习方面通用的重要 Python 包。它实现了多种[分类][16]、[回归][17]和[聚类][18]算法,包括[支持向量机][19]、[随机森林][20]、[梯度增强][21]、[k-means 算法][22]和 [DBSCAN 算法][23],可以与 Python 的数值库 NumPy 和科学计算库 [SciPy][24] 结合使用。它通过兼容的接口提供了有监督和无监督的学习算法。Scikit-learn 的强壮性让它可以稳定运行在生产环境中,同时它在易用性、代码质量、团队协作、文档和性能等各个方面都有良好的表现。可以参考这篇基于 Scikit-learn 的[机器学习入门][25],或者这篇基于 Scikit-learn 的[简单机器学习用例演示][26]。
|
||||
Scikit-learn 是机器学习方面通用的重要 Python 包。它实现了多种[分类][16]、[回归][17]和[聚类][18]算法,包括[支持向量机][19]、[随机森林][20]、[梯度增强][21]、[k-means 算法][22]和 [DBSCAN 算法][23],可以与 Python 的数值库 NumPy 和科学计算库 [SciPy][24] 结合使用。它通过兼容的接口提供了有监督和无监督的学习算法。Scikit-learn 的强壮性让它可以稳定运行在生产环境中,同时它在易用性、代码质量、团队协作、文档和性能等各个方面都有良好的表现。可以参考[这篇基于 Scikit-learn 的机器学习入门][25],或者[这篇基于 Scikit-learn 的简单机器学习用例演示][26]。
|
||||
|
||||
本文使用 [CC BY-SA 4.0][28] 许可,在 [Heartbeat][27] 上首发。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -79,7 +75,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/18/10/machine-learning-python-essential-hack
|
||||
作者:[Tirthajyoti Sarkar][a]
|
||||
选题:[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者:[HankChow](https://github.com/HankChow)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
Translating by cycoe
|
||||
Excellent Free Roguelike Games
|
||||
======
|
||||
![Dungeon][1]
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
translating---geekpi
|
||||
|
||||
A single-user, lightweight OS for your next home project | Opensource.com
|
||||
======
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
|
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translating---geekpi
|
||||
|
||||
8 creepy commands that haunt the terminal | Opensource.com
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Welcome to the spookier side of Linux.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
It’s that time of year again: The weather gets chilly, the leaves change colors, and kids everywhere transform into tiny ghosts, goblins, and zombies. But did you know that Unix (and Linux) and its various offshoots are also chock-full of creepy crawly things? Let’s take a quick look at some of the spookier aspects of the operating system we all know and love.
|
||||
|
||||
### daemon
|
||||
|
||||
Unix just wouldn’t be the same without all the various daemons that haunt the system. A `daemon` is a process that runs in the background and provides useful services to both the user and the operating system itself. Think SSH, FTP, HTTP, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
### zombie
|
||||
|
||||
Every now and then a zombie, a process that has been killed but refuses to go away, shows up. When this happens, you have no choice but to dispatch it using whatever tools you have available. A zombie usually indicates that something is wrong with the process that spawned it.
|
||||
|
||||
### kill
|
||||
|
||||
Not only can you use the `kill` command to dispatch a zombie, but you can also use it to kill any process that’s adversely affecting your system. Have a process that’s using too much RAM or CPU cycles? Dispatch it with the `kill` command.
|
||||
|
||||
### cat
|
||||
|
||||
The `cat` command has nothing to do with felines and everything to do with combining files: `cat` is short for "concatenate." You can even use this handy command to view the contents of a file.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### tail
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The `tail` command is useful when you want to see last n number of lines in a file. It’s also great when you want to monitor a file.
|
||||
|
||||
### which
|
||||
|
||||
No, not that kind of witch, but the command that prints the location of the files associated with any command passed to it. `which python`, for example, will print the locations of every version of Python on your system.
|
||||
|
||||
### crypt
|
||||
|
||||
The `crypt` command, known these days as `mcrypt`, is handy when you want to scramble (encrypt) the contents of a file so that no one but you can read it. Like most Unix commands, you can use `crypt` standalone or within a system script.
|
||||
|
||||
### shred
|
||||
|
||||
The `shred` command is handy when you not only want to delete a file but you also want to ensure that no one will ever be able to recover it. Using the `rm` command to delete a file isn’t enough. You also need to overwrite the space that the file previously occupied. That’s where `shred` comes in.
|
||||
|
||||
These are just a few of the spooky things you’ll find hiding inside Unix. Do you know more creepy commands? Feel free to let me know.
|
||||
|
||||
Happy Halloween!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/10/spookier-side-unix-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Patrick H.Mullins][a]
|
||||
选题:[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/pmullins
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
@@ -1,53 +1,50 @@
|
||||
zianglei translating
|
||||
How Do We Find Out The Installed Packages Came From Which Repository?
|
||||
======
|
||||
Sometimes you might want to know the installed packages came from which repository. This will helps you to troubleshoot when you are facing the package conflict issue.
|
||||
# 我们如何得知安装的包来自哪个仓库?
|
||||
|
||||
Because [third party vendor repositories][1] are holding the latest version of package and sometime it will causes the issue when you are trying to install any packages due to incompatibility.
|
||||
有时候你可能想知道安装的软件包来自于哪个仓库。这将帮助你在遇到包冲突问题时进行故障排除。
|
||||
|
||||
Everything is possible in Linux because you can able to install a packages on your system even though when the package is not available on your distribution.
|
||||
因为[第三方仓库][1]拥有最新版本的软件包,所以有时候当你试图安装一些包的时候会出现兼容性的问题。
|
||||
|
||||
Also, you can able to install a package with latest version when your distribution don’t have it. How?
|
||||
在 Linux 上一切都是可能的,因为你可以安装一个即使在你的发行版系统上不能使用的包。
|
||||
|
||||
That’s why third party repositories are came in the picture. They are allowing users to install all the available packages from their repositories.
|
||||
你也可以安装一个最新版本的包即使你的发行版系统仓库还没有这个版本,怎么做到的呢?
|
||||
|
||||
Almost all the distributions are allowing third party repositories. Some of the distribution officially suggesting few of third party repositories which are not replacing the base packages badly like CentOS officially suggesting us to install [EPEL repository][2].
|
||||
这就是为什么出现了第三方仓库。它们允许用户从库中安装所有可用的包。
|
||||
|
||||
[List of Major repositories][1] and it’s details are below.
|
||||
几乎所有的发行版系统都允许第三方软件库。一些发行版还会官方推荐一些不会取代基础仓库的第三方仓库,例如 CentOS 官方推荐安装 [EPEL 库][2]。
|
||||
|
||||
* **`CentOS:`** [EPEL][2], [ELRepo][3], etc is [CentOS Community Approved Repositories][4].
|
||||
* **`Fedora:`** [RPMfusion repo][5] is commonly used by most of the [Fedora][6] users.
|
||||
* **`ArchLinux:`** ArchLinux community repository contains packages that have been adopted by Trusted Users from the Arch User Repository.
|
||||
* **`openSUSE:`** [Packman repo][7] offers various additional packages for openSUSE, especially but not limited to multimedia related applications and libraries that are on the openSUSE Build Service application blacklist. It’s the largest external repository of openSUSE packages.
|
||||
* **`Ubuntu:`** Personal Package Archives (PPAs) are a kind of repository. Developers create them in order to distribute their software. You can find this information on the PPA’s Launchpad page. Also, you can enable Cananical partners repositories.
|
||||
下面是常用的仓库列表和它们的详细信息。
|
||||
|
||||
* **`CentOS:`** [EPEL][2], [ELRepo][3] 等是 [Centos 社区认证仓库](4)。
|
||||
* **`Fedora:`** [RPMfusion repo][5] 是经常被很多 [Fedora][6] 用户使用的仓库。
|
||||
* **`ArchLinux:`** ArchLinux 社区仓库包含了来自于 Arch 用户仓库的已经被信任用户 ( Trusted User ) 审核通过的软件包。
|
||||
* **`openSUSE:`** [Packman repo][7] 为 openSUSE 提供了各种附加的软件包,特别是但不限于那些在 openSUSE Build Service 应用黑名单上的与多媒体相关的应用和库。它是 openSUSE 软件包的最大外部软件库。
|
||||
* **`Ubuntu:`** Personal Package Archives (PPAs) 是一种软件仓库。开发者们可以创建这种仓库来分发他们的软件。你可以在 PPA 导航页面( PPA’s Launchpad page )找到相关信息。同时,你也可以启用 Cananical 合作伙伴软件仓库。
|
||||
|
||||
### 仓库是什么?
|
||||
|
||||
### What Is Repository?
|
||||
软件仓库是存储特定的应用程序的软件包的集中场所。
|
||||
|
||||
A software repository is a central place which stores the software packages for the particular application.
|
||||
所有的 Linux 发行版都在维护他们自己的仓库,并允许用户在他们的机器上获取和安装包。
|
||||
|
||||
All the Linux distributions are maintaining their own repositories and they allow users to retrieve and install packages on their machine.
|
||||
每个厂商都提供了各自的包管理工具来管理它们的仓库,例如搜索、安装、更新、升级、删除等等。
|
||||
|
||||
Each vendor offered a unique package management tool to manage their repositories such as search, install, update, upgrade, remove, etc.
|
||||
大部分 Linux 发行版除了 RHEL 和 SUSE 以外都是免费的。要访问付费的仓库,你需要购买订阅。
|
||||
|
||||
Most of the Linux distributions comes as freeware except RHEL and SUSE. To access their repositories you need to buy a subscriptions.
|
||||
### 为什么我们需要启用第三方仓库?
|
||||
|
||||
### Why do we need to enable third party repositories?
|
||||
在 Linux 里,并不建议从源代码安装包,因为这样做可能会在升级软件和系统的时候产生很多问题,这也是为什么我们建议从库中安装包而不是从源代码安装。
|
||||
|
||||
In Linux, installing a package from source is not advisable as this might cause so many issues while upgrading the package or system that’s why we are advised to install a package from repo instead of source.
|
||||
### 在 RHEL/CentOS 系统上我们如何得知安装的软件包来自哪个仓库?
|
||||
|
||||
### How Do We Find Out The Installed Packages Came From Which Repository on RHEL/CentOS Systems?
|
||||
这可以通过很多方法实现。我们会给你所有可能的选择,你可以选择一个对你来说最合适的。
|
||||
|
||||
This can be done in multiple ways. Here we will be giving you all the possible options and you can choose which one is best for you.
|
||||
### 方法-1:使用 Yum 命令
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-1: Using Yum Command
|
||||
RHEL 和 CentOS 系统使用 RPM 包因此我们能够使用 [Yum 包管理器][8] 来获得信息。
|
||||
|
||||
RHEL & CentOS systems are using RPM packages hence we can use the [Yum Package Manager][8] to get this information.
|
||||
YUM 即 Yellodog Updater,Modified 是适用于基于 RPM 的系统例如 Red Hat Enterpise Linux (RHEL)和 CentOS 的一个开源命令行前端包管理工具。
|
||||
|
||||
YUM stands for Yellowdog Updater, Modified is an open-source command-line front-end package-management utility for RPM based systems such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and CentOS.
|
||||
|
||||
Yum is the primary tool for getting, installing, deleting, querying, and managing RPM packages from distribution repositories, as well as other third-party repositories.
|
||||
Yum 是从发行版仓库和其他第三方库中获取、安装、删除、查询和管理 RPM 包的一个主要工具。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum info apachetop
|
||||
@@ -70,11 +67,12 @@ Description : ApacheTop watches a logfile generated by Apache (in standard commo
|
||||
: fields in combined) and generates human-parsable output in realtime.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The **`apachetop`** package is coming from **`epel repo`**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-2: Using Yumdb Command
|
||||
**`apachetop`** 包来自 **`epel repo`**。
|
||||
|
||||
Yumdb info provides information similar to yum info but additionally it provides package checksum data, type, user info (who installed the package). Since yum 3.2.26 yum has started storing additional information outside of the rpmdatabase (where user indicates it was installed by the user, and dep means it was brought in as a dependency).
|
||||
### 方法-2:使用 Yumdb 命令
|
||||
|
||||
Yumdb info 提供了类似于 yum info 的信息但是它又提供了包校验和数据、类型、用户信息(谁安装的软件包)。从 yum 3.2.26 开始,yum 已经开始在 rpmdatabase 之外存储额外的信息( user 表示软件是用户安装的,dep 表示它是作为依赖项引入的)。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yumdb info lighttpd
|
||||
@@ -95,13 +93,13 @@ lighttpd-1.4.50-1.el7.x86_64
|
||||
var_uuid = ce328b07-9c0a-4765-b2ad-59d96a257dc8
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The **`lighttpd`** package is coming from **`epel repo`**.
|
||||
**`lighttpd`** 包来自 **`epel repo`**。
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-3: Using RPM Command
|
||||
### 方法-3:使用 RPM 命令
|
||||
|
||||
[RPM command][9] stands for Red Hat Package Manager is a powerful, command line Package Management utility for Red Hat based system such as (RHEL, CentOS, Fedora, openSUSE & Mageia) distributions.
|
||||
[RPM 命令][9] 即 Red Hat Package Manager 是一个适用于基于 Red Hat 的系统(例如 RHEL, CentOS, Fedora, openSUSE & Mageia)的强大的命令行包管理工具。
|
||||
|
||||
The utility allow you to install, upgrade, remove, query & verify the software on your Linux system/server. RPM files comes with .rpm extension. RPM package built with required libraries and dependency which will not conflicts other packages were installed on your system.
|
||||
这个工具允许你在你的 Linux 系统/服务器上安装、更新、移除、查询和验证软件。RPM 文件具有 .rpm 后缀名。RPM 包是用必需的库和依赖关系构建的,不会与系统上安装的其他包冲突。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# rpm -qi apachetop
|
||||
@@ -128,12 +126,11 @@ combined logformat, although it doesn't (yet) make use of any of the extra
|
||||
fields in combined) and generates human-parsable output in realtime.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The **`apachetop`** package is coming from **`epel repo`**.
|
||||
**`apachetop`** 包来自 **`epel repo`**。
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-4: Using Repoquery Command
|
||||
|
||||
repoquery is a program for querying information from YUM repositories similarly to rpm queries.
|
||||
|
||||
repoquery 是一个从 YUM 库查询信息的程序,类似于 rpm 查询。
|
||||
```
|
||||
# repoquery -i httpd
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -153,13 +150,13 @@ The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
|
||||
web server.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The **`httpd`** package is coming from **`CentOS updates repo`**.
|
||||
**`httpd`** 包来自 **`CentOS updates repo`**。
|
||||
|
||||
### How Do We Find Out The Installed Packages Came From Which Repository on Fedora System?
|
||||
### 在 Fedora 系统上我们如何得知安装的包来自哪个仓库?
|
||||
|
||||
DNF stands for Dandified yum. We can tell DNF, the next generation of yum package manager (Fork of Yum) using hawkey/libsolv library for back-end. Aleš Kozumplík started working on DNF since Fedora 18 and its implemented/launched in Fedora 22 finally.
|
||||
DNF 是 Dandified yum 的缩写。我们可以说 DNF 是使用 hawkey/libsolv 库作为后端的下一代 yum 包管理器( yum 的分支)。从 Fedora 18 开始 Aleš Kozumplík 开始开发 DNF 并最终在 Fedora 22 上得以应用/启用。
|
||||
|
||||
[Dnf command][10] is used to install, update, search & remove packages on Fedora 22 and later system. It automatically resolve dependencies and make it smooth package installation without any trouble.
|
||||
[Dnf 命令][10] 用于在 Fedora 22 以及之后的系统上安装、更新、搜索和删除包。它会自动解决依赖并使安装包的过程变得顺畅,不会出现任何问题。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ dnf info tilix
|
||||
@@ -195,12 +192,11 @@ Description : Tilix is a tiling terminal emulator with the following features:
|
||||
: GNOME Human Interface Guidelines (HIG).
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The **`tilix`** package is coming from **`Fedora updates repo`**.
|
||||
**`tilix`** 包来自 **`Fedora updates repo`**。
|
||||
|
||||
### How Do We Find Out The Installed Packages Came From Which Repository on openSUSE System?
|
||||
|
||||
Zypper is a command line package manager which makes use of libzypp. [Zypper command][11] provides functions like repository access, dependency solving, package installation, etc.
|
||||
### 在 openSUSE 系统上我们如何得知安装的包来自哪个仓库?
|
||||
|
||||
Zypper 是一个使用 libzypp 的命令行包管理器。[Zypper 命令][11] 提供了存储库访问、依赖处理、包安装等功能。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ zypper info nano
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -226,10 +222,11 @@ Description :
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The **`nano`** package is coming from **`openSUSE Main repo (OSS)`**.
|
||||
**`nano`** 包来自于 **`openSUSE Main repo(OSS)`**。
|
||||
|
||||
### How Do We Find Out The Installed Packages Came From Which Repository on ArchLinux System?
|
||||
### 在 ArchLinux 系统上我们如何得知安装的包来自哪个仓库?
|
||||
|
||||
[Pacman command][12] stands for package manager utility. pacman is a simple command-line utility to install, build, remove and manage Arch Linux packages. Pacman uses libalpm (Arch Linux Package Management (ALPM) library) as a back-end to perform all the actions.
|
||||
[Pacman 命令][12] 即包管理器工具( package manager utility ),是一个简单的用来安装、构建、删除和管理 Arch Linux 软件包的命令行工具。Pacman 使用 libalpm( Arch Linux Package Managment ( ALPM )library)作为后端来执行所有的操作。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# pacman -Ss chromium
|
||||
@@ -247,9 +244,9 @@ community/fcitx-mozc 2.17.2313.102-1
|
||||
Input)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The **`chromium`** package is coming from **`ArchLinux extra repo`**.
|
||||
**`chromium`** 包来自 **`ArchLinux extra repo`**。
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, we can use the following option to get the detailed information about the package.
|
||||
或者,我们可以使用以下选项获得关于包的详细信息。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# pacman -Si chromium
|
||||
@@ -277,15 +274,15 @@ Build Date : Fri 19 Feb 2016 04:17:12 AM IST
|
||||
Validated By : MD5 Sum SHA-256 Sum Signature
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The **`chromium`** package is coming from **`ArchLinux extra repo`**.
|
||||
**`chromium`** 包来自 **`ArchLinux extra repo`**。
|
||||
|
||||
### How Do We Find Out The Installed Packages Came From Which Repository on Debian Based Systems?
|
||||
### 在基于 Debian 的系统上我们如何得知安装的包来自哪个仓库?
|
||||
|
||||
It can be done in two ways on Debian based systems such as Ubuntu, LinuxMint, etc.,
|
||||
在基于 Debian 的系统例如 Ubuntu,LinuxMint 上可以使用两种方法实现。
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-1: Using apt-cache Command
|
||||
### 方法-1:使用 apt-cache 命令
|
||||
|
||||
The [apt-cache command][13] can display much of the information stored in APT’s internal database. This information is a sort of cache since it is gathered from the different sources listed in the sources.list file. This happens during the apt update operation.
|
||||
[apt-cache 命令][13] 可以显示存储在 APT 内部数据库的很多信息。这些信息是一种缓存,因为它们是从列在 source.list 文件里的不同的源中获得的。这个过程发生在 apt 更新操作期间。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ apt-cache policy python3
|
||||
@@ -300,11 +297,11 @@ python3:
|
||||
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The **`python3`** package is coming from **`Ubuntu updates repo`**.
|
||||
**`python3`** 包来自 **`Ubuntu updates repo`**。
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-2: Using apt Command
|
||||
### 方法-2:使用 apt 命令
|
||||
|
||||
[APT command][14] stands for Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) which is replacement for apt-get, like how DNF came to picture instead of YUM. It’s feature rich command-line tools with included all the futures in one command (APT) such as apt-cache, apt-search, dpkg, apt-cdrom, apt-config, apt-key, etc..,. and several other unique features. For example we can easily install .dpkg packages through APT but we can’t do through Apt-Get similar more features are included into APT command. APT-GET replaced by APT Due to lock of futures missing in apt-get which was not solved.
|
||||
[APT 命令][14] 即 Advanced Packaging Tool(APT)是 apt-get 命令的替代品,就像 DNF 是如何取代 YUM 一样。它是具有丰富功能的命令行工具并将所有的功能例如 apt-cache、apt-search、dpkg、apt-cdrom、apt-config、apt-ket 等包含在一个命令(APT)中,并且还有几个独特的功能。例如我们可以通过 APT 轻松安装 .dpkg 包但我们不能使用 Apt-Get 命令安装,更多类似的功能都被包含进了 APT 命令。APT-GET 因缺失了很多未被解决的特性而被 apt 取代。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ apt -a show notepadqq
|
||||
@@ -337,8 +334,7 @@ Description: Notepad++-like editor for Linux
|
||||
Text editor with support for multiple programming
|
||||
languages, multiple encodings and plugin support.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The **`notepadqq`** package is coming from **`Launchpad PPA`**.
|
||||
**`notepadqq`** 包来自 **`Launchpad PPA`**。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -346,7 +342,7 @@ via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-do-we-find-out-the-installed-packages-came-fro
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Prakash Subramanian][a]
|
||||
选题:[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者:[zianglei](https://github.com/zianglei)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
|
||||
8 个在终端中存在的诡异命令 | Opensource.com
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
欢迎来到 Linux 更诡异的一面。
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
又是一年中的这个时候:天气变冷了、树叶变色了,各处的孩子都化妆成了小鬼、妖精和僵尸。但你知道吗, Unix (和 Linux) 和它的各个分支也充满了令人毛骨悚然的东西?让我们快速浏览一下我们所熟悉和喜爱的操作系统的一些诡异的方面
|
||||
|
||||
### 守护进程
|
||||
|
||||
如果没有系统中的各种守护进程,那么 Unix 就没什么不同。`守护进程`啊hi运行在后台的进程,并为用户和操作系统本身提供有用的服务。想想 SSH、FTP、HTTP 等等。
|
||||
|
||||
### 僵尸进程
|
||||
|
||||
不时出现的僵尸进程是一种被杀死但是拒绝离开的进程。当它出现时,你只有选择可用的工具来调度它。僵尸进程通常表明产生它的进程出现了问题。
|
||||
|
||||
### kill
|
||||
|
||||
你不仅可以使用 `kill` 调度一个僵尸进程,你还可以用它杀死任何对你系统产生负面影响的进程。有一个使用太多 RAM 或 CPU 周期的进程?使用 `kill` 命令杀死它。
|
||||
|
||||
### cat
|
||||
|
||||
`cat` 和猫科动物无关,但是与文件操作有关:`cat` 是 “concatenate” 的缩写。你甚至可以使用这个方便的命令来查看文件的内容。
|
||||
|
||||
### tail
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
当你想要查看文件中最后 n 行时,`tail` 命令很有用。当你想要监控一个文件时,它也很棒。
|
||||
|
||||
### which
|
||||
|
||||
不是原来的 which,而是打印传递给它的命令所在文件位置的命令。例如,`which python` 将在你系统上打印每个版本的 Python 的位置
|
||||
|
||||
### crypt
|
||||
|
||||
`crypt` 命令,现在称为 `mcrypt`,当你想要加密文件的内容时,它是很方便的,这样除了你之外没有人可以读取它。像大多数 Unix 命令一样,你可以单独使用 `crypt` 或在系统脚本中调用它。
|
||||
|
||||
### shred
|
||||
|
||||
当你不仅要删除文件还想要确保没有人能够恢复它时,`shred` 命令很方便。使用 `rm` 命令删除文件是不够的。你还需要覆盖该文件以前占用的空间。这就是 `shred` 的用武之地。
|
||||
|
||||
这些只是你会在 Unix 中发现的一部分诡异的东西。你还知道其他诡异的命令么?请随时告诉我。
|
||||
|
||||
万圣节快乐!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/10/spookier-side-unix-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Patrick H.Mullins][a]
|
||||
选题:[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/pmullins
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user