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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Smarter IoT concepts reveal creaking networks)
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3407852/smarter-iot-concepts-reveal-creaking-networks.html)
[#]: author: (Patrick Nelson https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/)
Smarter IoT concepts reveal creaking networks
======
Today’s networks don’t meet the needs of emergent internet of things systems. IoT systems need their own modern infrastructure, researchers at the University of Magdeburg say.
![Thinkstock][1]
The internet of things (IoT) needs its own infrastructure ecosystem — one that doesn't use external clouds at all, researchers at the University of Magdeburg say.
The computer scientists recently obtained funding from the German government to study how to build a future-generation of revolutionary, emergent IoT systems. They say networks must be fault tolerant, secure, and traverse disparate protocols, which they aren't now.
**[ Read also: [What is edge computing?][2] and [How edge networking and IoT will reshape data centers][3] ]**
The researchers say a smarter, unique, and organic infrastructure needs to be developed for the IoT and that simply adapting the IoT to traditional networks won't work. They say services must self-organize and function autonomously and that people must accept the fact that we are using the internet in ways never originally intended. 
"The internet, as we know it, is based on network architectures of the 70s and 80s, when it was designed for completely different applications,” the researchers say in their [media release][4]. The internet has centralized security, which causes choke points, and and an inherent lack of dynamic controls, which translates to inflexibility in access rights — all of which make it difficult to adapt the IoT to it.
Device, data, and process management must be integrated into IoT systems, say the group behind the project, called [DoRIoT][5] (Dynamische Laufzeitumgebung für Organisch (dis-)Aggregierende IoT-Prozesse), translated as Dynamic Runtime Environment for Organic dis-Aggregating IoT Processes.
“In order to close this gap, concepts [will be] developed in the project that transparently realize the access to the data,” says Professor Sebastian Zug of the University of Freiberg, a partner in DoRIoT. “For the application, it should make no difference whether the specific information requirement is answered by a server or an IoT node.”
### Extreme edge computing
In other words, servers and nodes, conceptually, should merge. One could argue it’s a form of extreme [edge computing][6], which is when processing and data storage is taken out of traditional, centralized data center environments and placed close to where the resources are required. It reduces latency, among other advantages.
DoRIoT may take edge computing one step further. Detecting failures ahead of time and seamless migration of devices are wants, too — services can’t fail just because a new kind of device is introduced.
“The systems [will] benefit from each other, for example, they can share computing power, data and so on,” says Mesut Güneş of Magdeburg’s [Faculty of Computer Science Institute for Intelligent Cooperating Systems][7].
“The result is an enormous data pool,” the researchers explain. “Which, in turn, makes it possible to make much more precise statements, for example when predicting climate models, observing traffic flows, or managing large factories in Industry 4.0.”
[Industry 4.0][8] refers to smart factories that have connected machines autonomously self-managing their own supply chain, production output, and logistics without human intervention.
Managing risks better than the current internet is one of DoRIoT's goals. The idea is to “guarantee full sovereignty over proprietary data.” To get there, though, one has to eliminate dependency on the cloud and access to data via third parties, they say.
“This allows companies to be independent of the server infrastructures of external service providers such as Google, Microsoft or Amazon, which are subject to constant changes and even may not be accessible,” they say.
**More about edge networking**
* [How edge networking and IoT will reshape data centers][3]
* [Edge computing best practices][9]
* [How edge computing can help secure the IoT][10]
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][11] and [LinkedIn][12] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3407852/smarter-iot-concepts-reveal-creaking-networks.html
作者：[Patrick Nelson][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2018/02/industry_4-0_industrial_iot_internet_of_things_network_thinkstock_613880008-100749946-large.jpg
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3224893/internet-of-things/what-is-edge-computing-and-how-it-s-changing-the-network.html
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3291790/data-center/how-edge-networking-and-iot-will-reshape-data-centers.html
[4]: http://www.ovgu.de/en/University/In+Profile/Key+Profile+Areas/Research/Secure+data+protection+in+the+new+internet+of+things.html
[5]: http://www.doriot.net/
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3224893/what-is-edge-computing-and-how-it-s-changing-the-network.html
[7]: http://iks.cs.ovgu.de/iks/en/ICS.html
[8]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3199671/what-is-industry-4-0.html
[9]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3331978/lan-wan/edge-computing-best-practices.html
[10]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3331905/internet-of-things/how-edge-computing-can-help-secure-the-iot.html
[11]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
[12]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (DevOps for introverted people)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/7/devops-introverted-people)
[#]: author: (Matthew Broberg https://opensource.com/users/mbbroberg/users/don-watkins/users/shawnhcorey/users/mbbroberg/users/marcobravo)
DevOps for introverted people
======
We asked the Opensource.com DevOps team to talk about their experience
as DevOps introverts and to give DevOps extroverts some advice. Here are
their answers.
![Q and A letters][1]
We asked members of our [DevOps team][2] to talk about their experience as introverts and to give extroverts some advice. Before we get into their responses, though, let’s first define the term.
### What does being introverted mean?
Being an introvert is commonly defined as someone who finds it more energy depleting, as opposed to energizing, to be around people. It can be a helpful term when we think about how we recharge: introverted people may require more alone time to recharge, especially after spending a lot of time around groups of people. A big myth about introverts is that they are necessarily shy, but [science suggests][3] that is a separate personality trait.
Introversion and extraversion were popularized by the [Myers Briggs Type Indicators][4] and are now more commonly referred to as two ends of the same [spectrum][5]. Even though it may seem that there are more extroverted people in the world than introverts, psychologists tend to believe that a majority of us fall along the spectrum closer to [ambiverts or introverts][6].
Now, on to the questions and answers.
### What are some techniques DevOps leaders can use to make sure introverts feel like part of the team and increase their willingness to share ideas?
"Everyone is a little different, so it’s important to be observant. Someone from GitLab once told me their philosophy is that if you aren’t offering your opinion, then they’re being exclusionary. If someone isn’t offering an opinion in a meeting, then find ways to include them. **When I know an introvert is interested in a topic we’re meeting about, I’ll ask in advance for written input. A lot of meetings can be avoided by moving the discussion to slack or GitLab where introverts are more willing to engage.** In stand-up, everyone gives an update, and introverts seem to do fine in this context. So we sometimes do the same thing in other meetings just to make sure everyone has time to speak. I also encourage introverts to speak in front of small groups either at work or in the community in order to build those skills." —Dan Barker
"**I think the best thing that anyone ever did for me was to make sure I had the skills necessary to answer the big questions when they came.** As a very young enlisted Air Force member I was giving status briefings to my units’ senior leadership. That required that I have a number of data points available at any given moment as well as the why behind any delays or deviations on the way towards established objectives. That propelled me from a behind the scenes person into being willing to share my opinion and thoughts with others." —Chris Short
"**Lead through culture. Design and try out a ritual for your co-workers.** You can design a smaller weekly ritual for groups or teams or a bigger yearly event for your department or organization. The point is to try something and observe your leadership role in it. Identify gaps or tensions in your culture. Look back at the beliefs and behaviors of teams. Where do you observe tension? What’s missing from your culture? Start with a simple statement 'I see a tension between X and Y'. Or 'My team is missing Z'. Next, flip the gap or tension into a question: write down 3 'How might we’s (HMWs)'." —Catherine Louis
"Introverts are not a different class of people, they are either people who think or wait too much before they share their mind or people who have no idea what's going on. I was one among the first category, I thought too much and sometimes worried about what if my opinion is laughed upon or not entertained or thought otherwise. It was hard coming up of that kind of mindset but it was also eating my chances of learning better things. Once, we were discussing in the team about an implementation issue. My then manager asked me one on one, why I am not participating as I am one of the more experienced people on the team, and I opened up (after I gathered all the power in the universe to say something) saying everything I wanted to say was already shared. He suggested 'I could use a repetition sometimes, as there are many things going on, it would be helpful if you just repeat your thought even if it is discussed'. Well, that was not a very persuasive way but that gave me a bit of confidence that someone at-least wants to hear me.
"Now, the way I used to make people speak in my team, is **I often ask the introvert person for help, even if I know the resolution, and appreciate them in team meetings and discussions to boost up their confidence encouraging them to share more knowledge with the team, by slowly giving them time to come out of their reserved nature**. They may still remain a bit isolated in the outer world but within a team, some emerge a player we can count on." —Abhishek Tamrakar
"My advice to introverts when participating in conferences is to find friends/colleagues who are also attending so you have people to talk to comfortably, reach out prior to the event to schedule some smaller meetings/meals with other attendees (friends, industry contacts, former colleagues, etc.), **be mindful of your exhaustion level and take care of yourself**: skip the social/evening events if you need to recharge, write about your experience in a post-event retrospective." —Elizabeth Joseph
### What are some tips for increasing productivity when working with a teammate who tends to be more of an introvert?
"Productivity is increasingly challenging to really qualify. In many cases, a break from work or a casual conversation can be the spark needed in our creative endeavors. Again, I find slack and GitLab to be very helpful mediums for exchanging ideas and interacting with others when you have introverts on your team. **I also find pair programming to be very useful for most introverts as one on one interactions aren’t usually as taxing but the product quality and efficiency gains are substantial.** However, when an introvert is working alone, everyone on the team should be discouraged from interrupting them. It’s best to send them an email or some non-intrusive medium." —Dan Barker
"Give them great tools for doing and documenting their work. **Enable them to be the best they can be at their job.** Check in with them frequently enough to make sure they’re on the right track but also be mindful it’s a bigger distraction to them than it is more extroverted people." —Chris Short
"**Don’t interrupt me when I am heads down.** Really, don’t. It could take me 2 hours minimally to get my brain back to where I was when I was knee deep in something. It feels painful. Really. Instead, email me and ask me to come to a place where there is a whiteboard. Share the problem from the customer's point of view—draw it—not from your point of view. I may have dozens of customer issues niggling in the back of my brain. If your issues sound like 'make me look good to my upper management', it will get less attention from me than the true customer's issues I already have. Draw a picture. Give me time to think. Make sure there is more than one marker in case I am ready to share. Be prepared that your hypothesis about the problem is completely wrong." —Catherine Louis
"Appreciation and encouragement is the way out, appreciation may not be an appraisal, but an appreciation that encourages people to feel comfortable in presence of more than one living entities, **so that everyone feels heard and not laughed or underrated**." —Abhishek Tamrakar
### Final thoughts
The biggest takeaway from our conversations on introverted DevOps enthusiasts is one of equity: Treat people as they need to be treated, and ask people to treat you as you want to be treated. Whether you are extroverted or introverted, we all need to respect the fact that we do not all experience the world in the same way. Our colleagues deserve the space they need to get the work done, and knowing how to support them starts with a discussion on their needs. Our differences are what make our communities so special and it makes our work more useful for more people. The most effective way to communicate with others is to communicate in a style that works well for both of you.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/devops-introverted-people
作者：[Matthew Broberg][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/mbbroberg/users/don-watkins/users/shawnhcorey/users/mbbroberg/users/marcobravo
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/osdc_QandAorange_520x292_0311LL.png?itok=qa3hHSou (Q and A letters)
[2]: https://opensource.com/devops-team
[3]: https://www.inc.com/melanie-curtin/are-you-shy-or-introverted-science-says-this-is-1-primary-difference.html
[4]: https://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/extraversion-or-introversion.htm?bhcp=1
[5]: https://lifehacker.com/lets-quit-it-with-the-introvert-extrovert-nonsense-1713772952
[6]: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-gen-y-guide/201710/the-majority-people-are-not-introverts-or-extroverts

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to install Elasticsearch on MacOS)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/7/installing-elasticsearch-macos)
[#]: author: (Lauren Maffeo https://opensource.com/users/lmaffeo/users/don-watkins)
How to install Elasticsearch on MacOS
======
Installing Elasticsearch is complex! Here's how to do it on a Mac.
![magnifying glass on computer screen][1]
[Elasticsearch][2] is an open source, full-text search engine developed in Java. Users upload datasets as JSON files. Then, Elasticsearch stores the original document before adding a searchable reference to the document in the cluster’s index.
Less than nine years after its creation, Elasticsearch is the most popular enterprise search engine. Elastic released its latest update—version 7.2.0 —on June 25, 2019.
[Kibana][3] is an open source data visualizer for Elasticsearch. This tool helps users create visualizations on top of content indexed in an Elasticsearch cluster.
[Sunbursts][4], [geospatial data maps][5], [relationship analyses][6], and dashboards with live data are just a few options. And thanks to Elasticsearch’s machine learning prowess, you can learn which properties might influence your data (like servers or IP addresses) and find abnormal patterns.
At [DevFest DC][7] last month, [Dr. Summer Rankin][8]—lead data scientist at Booz Allen Hamilton—uploaded a dataset of content from TED Talks to Elasticsearch, then used Kibana to quickly build a dashboard. Intrigued, I went to an Elasticsearch meetup days later.
Since this course was for newbies, we started at Square One: Installing Elastic and Kibana on our laptops. Without both packages installed, we couldn’t create our own visualizations from the dataset of Shakespeare texts we were using as a dummy JSON file.
Next, I will share step-by-step instructions for downloading, installing, and running Elasticsearch Version 7.1.1 on MacOS. This was the latest version when I attended the Elasticsearch meetup in mid-June 2019.
### Downloading Elasticsearch for MacOS
1. Go to <https://www.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch>, which takes you to the webpage below:
![The Elasticsearch download page.][9]
2. In the **Downloads** section, click **MacOS**, which downloads the Elasticsearch TAR file (for example, **elasticsearch-7.1.1-darwin-x86_64.tar**) into your **Downloads** folder.
3. Double-click this file to unpack it into its own folder (for example, **elasticsearch-7.1.1**), which contains all of the files that were in the TAR.
**Tip**: If you want Elasticsearch to live in another folder, now is the time to move this folder.
### Running Elasticsearch from the MacOS command line
You can run Elasticsearch only using the command line if you prefer. Just follow this process:
1. [Open a **Terminal** window][10].
2. In the terminal window, enter your Elasticsearch folder. For example (if you moved the program, change **Downloads** to the correct path):
**$ cd ~Downloads/elasticsearch-1.1.0**
3. Change to the Elasticsearch **bin** subfolder, and start the program. For example:
**$ cd bin $ ./elasticsearch**
Here’s some of the output that my command line terminal displayed when I launched Elasticsearch 1.1.0:
![Terminal output when running Elasticsearch.][11]
**NOTE**: Elasticsearch runs in the foreground by default, which can cause your computer to slow down. Press **Ctrl-C to** stop Elasticsearch from running.
### Running Elasticsearch using the GUI
If you prefer your point-and-click environment, you can run Elasticsearch like so:
1. Open a new **Finder** window.
2. Select **Downloads** in the left Finder sidebar (or, if you moved Elasticsearch to another folder, navigate to there).
3. Open the folder called (for the sake of this example) **elasticsearch-7.1.1**. A selection of eight subfolders appears.
![The elasticsearch/bin menu.][12]
4. Open the **bin** subfolder. As the screenshot above shows, this subfolder yields 20 assets.
5. Click the first option, which is **elasticsearch**.
Note that you may get a security warning, as shown below:
![The security warning dialog box.][13]
 
In order to open the program in this case:
1. Click **OK** in the warning dialog box.
2. Open **System Preferences**.
3. Click **Security &amp; Privacy**, which opens the window shown below:
![Where you can allow your computer to open the downloaded file.][14]
4. Click **Open Anyway**, which opens the confirmation dialog box shown below:
![Security confirmation dialog box.][15]
5. Click **Open**. A terminal window opens and launches Elasticsearch.
The launch process can take a while, so let it run. Eventually, it will finish, and you will see output similar to this at the end:
![Launching Elasticsearch in MacOS.][16]
### Learning more
Once you’ve installed Elasticsearch, it’s time to start exploring!
The tool’s [Elasticsearch: Getting Started][17] guide directs you based on your goals. Its introductory video walks through steps to launch a hosted cluster on [Elasticsearch Service][18], perform basic search queries, play with data through create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) REST APIs, and more.
This guide also offers links to documentation, dev console commands, training subscriptions, and a free trial of Elasticsearch Service. This trial lets you deploy Elastic and Kibana on AWS and GCP to support your Elastic clusters in the cloud.
In the follow-up to this article, we’ll walk through the steps you’ll take to install Kibana on MacOS. This process will take your Elasticsearch queries to the next level via diverse data visualizations. Stay tuned!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/installing-elasticsearch-macos
作者：[Lauren Maffeo][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/lmaffeo/users/don-watkins
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/search_find_code_issue_bug_programming.png?itok=XPrh7fa0 (magnifying glass on computer screen)
[2]: https://www.getapp.com/it-management-software/a/qbox-dot-io-hosted-elasticsearch/
[3]: https://www.elastic.co/products/kibana
[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie_chart#Ring
[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_analysis
[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_and_dependence
[7]: https://www.devfestdc.org/
[8]: https://www.summerrankin.com/about
[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/wwa1f3_600px_0.png (The Elasticsearch download page.)
[10]: https://support.apple.com/en-ca/guide/terminal/welcome/mac
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/io6t1a_600px.png (Terminal output when running Elasticsearch.)
[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/o43yku_600px.png (The elasticsearch/bin menu.)
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/elasticsearch_security_warning_500px.jpg (The security warning dialog box.)
[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/the_general_tab_of_the_system_preferences_security_and_privacy_window.jpg (Where you can allow your computer to open the downloaded file.)
[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/confirmation_dialog_box.jpg (Security confirmation dialog box.)
[16]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/y5dvtu_600px.png (Launching Elasticsearch in MacOS.)
[17]: https://www.elastic.co/webinars/getting-started-elasticsearch?ultron=%5BB%5D-Elastic-US+CA-Exact&blade=adwords-s&Device=c&thor=elasticsearch&gclid=EAIaIQobChMImdbvlqOP4wIVjI-zCh3P_Q9mEAAYASABEgJuAvD_BwE
[18]: https://info.elastic.co/elasticsearch-service-gaw-v10-nav.html?ultron=%5BB%5D-Elastic-US+CA-Exact&blade=adwords-s&Device=c&thor=elasticsearch%20service&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI_MXHt-SZ4wIVJBh9Ch3wsQfPEAAYASAAEgJo9fD_BwE

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (What is a golden image?)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/7/what-golden-image)
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
What is a golden image?
======
Working on projects that will be distributed widely? Learn more about
golden images so it's easy to revert to a "perfect" state if things go
wrong.
![Gold star][1]
If you’re in quality assurance, system administration, or (believe it or not) media production, you might have heard some variation of the term _gold master_, _golden image_, or _master image_, and so on. It’s a term that has made its way into the collective consciousness of anyone involved in creating one _perfect_ model and then producing many duplicates from that mold. That’s what a gold master, or golden image, is: The virtual mold from which you cast your distributable models.
In media production, the theory is that a crew works toward the gold master. This final product is one of a kind. It looks and sounds the best a movie or an album (or whatever it is) can possibly look and sound. Copies of this master image are made, compressed, and sent out to the eager public.
In software, a similar idea is associated with the term. Once software has been compiled and tested and re-tested, the perfect build is declared _gold_. No further changes are allowed, and all distributable copies are generated from this master image (this used to actually mean something, back when software was distributed on CDs or DVDs).
And in system administration, you may encounter golden images of an organization’s chosen operating system, with the important settings *baked in—*the virtual private network (VPN) certificates are already in place, incoming email servers are already set in the email client, and so on. Similarly, you might also hear this term in the world of virtual machines (VMs), where a _golden image_ of a carefully configured virtual drive is the source from which all new virtual machines are cloned.
### GNOME Boxes
The concept of a gold master is simple, but putting it into practice is often overlooked. Sometimes, your team is just so happy to have reached their goal that no one stops to think about designating the achievement as the authoritative version. At other times, there’s no simple mechanism for doing this.
A golden image is equal parts historical preservation and a backup plan in advance. Once you craft a perfect model of whatever it is you were toiling over, you owe it to yourself to preserve that work, because it not only marks your progress, but it serves as a fallback should you stumble as you continue your work.
[GNOME Boxes][2], the virtualization platform that ships with the GNOME desktop, can provide a simple demonstration. If you’ve never used GNOME Boxes, you can learn the basics from Alan Formy-Duval in his article [Getting started with GNOME Boxes][3].
Imagine that you used GNOME boxes to create a virtual machine, and then installed an operating system into that VM. Now, you want to make a golden image. GNOME Boxes is one step ahead of you: It has already taken a snapshot of your install, which can serve as the golden image for a stock OS installation.
With GNOME Boxes open and in the dashboard view, right-click on any virtual machine and select **Properties**. In the **Properties** window, select the **Snapshots** tab. The first snapshot, created automatically by GNOME Boxes, is **Just Installed**. As its name suggests, this is the operating system as you originally installed it onto its virtual machine.
![The Just Installed snapshot, or initial golden image, in GNOME Boxes.][4]
Should your virtual machine reach a state that you did not intend, you can always revert to this **Just Installed** image.
Of course, reverting back to the OS after it’s just been installed would be a drastic measure if you’ve already fine-tuned the environment for yourself. That’s why it’s a common workflow with virtual machines to first install the OS, then modify it to suit your requirements or preferences, and then take a snapshot, declaring that snapshot as your configured golden image. For instance, if you are using the virtual machine for [Flatpak][5] packaging, then after your initial install you might add software and Flatpak development tools, construct your working environment, and then take a snapshot. Once the snapshot is created, you can rename the virtual machine to indicate its true purpose in life.
To rename a virtual machine, right-click on its thumbnail in the dashboard view, and select **Properties**. In the **Properties** window, enter a new name:
![Renaming your VM image in GNOME Boxes.][6]
To make a clone of your golden image, right-click on the virtual machine in the GNOME Boxes interfaces and select **Clone**.
![Cloning your golden image in GNOME Boxes.][7]
You now have a clone from your golden image’s latest snapshot.
### Golden
There are few disciplines that can’t benefit from golden images. Whether you’re tagging releases in [Git][8], taking snapshots in Boxes, pressing a prototype vinyl, printing a book for approval, designing a screen print for mass production, or fashioning a literal mold, the archetype is everything. It’s just one more way that modern technology lets us humans work smarter rather than harder, so make a golden image for your project, and generate clones as often as you need.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/what-golden-image
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/origami_star_gold_best_top.jpg?itok=aEc0eutt (Gold star)
[2]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Boxes
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/getting-started-gnome-boxes-virtualization
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/snapshots.jpg (The Just Installed snapshot, or initial golden image.)
[5]: https://opensource.com/business/16/8/flatpak
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/boxes-rename_0.jpg (Renaming your virtual machine in GNOME Boxes.)
[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/boxes-clone.jpg (Cloning your golden image in GNOME Boxes.)
[8]: https://git-scm.com

37
sources/tech/20190710 How To Find Virtualbox Version From Commandline In Linux.md → translated/tech/20190710 How To Find Virtualbox Version From Commandline In Linux.md
View File

@@ -7,22 +7,23 @@
[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-find-virtualbox-version-from-commandline-in-linux/)
[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
How To Find Virtualbox Version From Commandline In Linux
在 Linux 中如何从命令行查找 Virtualbox 版本
======
![FInd Virtualbox version from commandline In Linux][1]
I use **Oracle VirtualBox** and [**KVM**][2] virtualization applications to [**test different Linux operating systems**][3]. While I use KVM occasionally, Virtualbox is always my first choice. It is not because I don’t like KVM, but because I simply get used to Virtualbox. When using [**Virtualbox on my Ubuntu headless server**][4], I needed to find Virtualbox’s version. If it is a GUI, I could easily find it by navigating to **Virtualbox - > About -> Help**. But mine is Ubuntu server which doesn’t has GUI. If you’re ever wondering how to find Virtualbox version from commandline in Linux, here are few ways to do it.
我使用 **Oracle VirtualBox** 和 [**KVM**][2] 虚拟化程序[**测试不同的 Linux 操作系统**][3]。虽然我偶尔使用 KVM，但 Virtualbox 始终是我的首选。不是因为我不喜欢 KVM，而是因为我只是习惯了 Virtualbox。当在我的 Ubuntu 无头服务器上使用 [**Virtualbox**][4] 时，我需要知道 Virtualbox 的版本。如果它有 GUI，我可以进入**Virtualbox - > About -> Help** 轻松找到它。但我的是没有 GUI 的 Ubuntu 服务器。如果你想知道如何在 Linux 中从命令行查找 Virtualbox 版本，可以采用以下几种方法。
### Find Virtualbox Version From Commandline In Linux
To find the version of installed Virtualbox, open the Terminal and run the following command:
### 在 Linux 中从命令行查找 Virtualbox 版本
要查找已安装的 Virtualbox 的版本，请打开终端并运行以下命令：
```
$ vboxmanage --version
```
Sample output:
示例输出：
```
5.2.18_Ubuntur123745
@@ -30,62 +31,62 @@ Sample output:
![][5]
Find Virtualbox Version From Commandline In Linux
在 Linux 中从命令行查找 Virtualbox 版本
As you can see in the above output, the version of installed Virtualbox is **5.2**.
正如你在上面的输出中看到的，安装的 Virtualbox 的版本是 **5.2**。
The yet another way to find virtualbox version is:
查找 virtualbox 版本的另一种方法是：
```
$ vbox-img --version
```
Sample output:
示例输出：
```
5.2.18_Ubuntur123745
```
Alternatively, you can use **“head”** and **“awk”** commands to find the Virtualbox version.
或者，你可以使用 **“head”** 和 **“awk”** 命令来查找 Virtualbox 版本。
```
$ virtualbox --help | head -n 1 | awk '{print $NF}'
```
Sample output:
示例输出：
```
5.2.18_Ubuntu
```
Or, use **“echo”** command combined with “head” and “awk” commands:
或者，使用 **“echo”** 命令结合 “head” 和 “awk” 命令：
```
$ echo $(virtualbox --help | head -n 1 | awk '{print $NF}')
```
Sample output:
示例输出：
```
5.2.18_Ubuntu
```
The above commands will work on any Linux distributions. If you’re on Ubuntu specifically, you can use **“dpkg”** command to check Virtualbox version.
以上命令适用于任何 Linux 发行版。如果你使用的是 Ubuntu，你可以使用 **“dpkg”** 命令查看 Virtualbox 版本。
```
$ dpkg -l | grep virtualbox | awk '{print $3}'
```
Sample output:
示例输出：
```
5.2.30-130521~Ubuntu~bionic
5.2.18-dfsg-2~ubuntu18.04.5
```
That’s it. These are couple ways to find the version of Oracle Virtualbox from Terminal in Linux. Hope this was useful.
就是这些了。这些是从 Linux 中的终端查找 Oracle Virtualbox 版本的几种方法。希望这篇文章很有用。
**Reference:**
**参考来自：**
* [**AskUbuntu**][6]
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ via: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-find-virtualbox-version-from-commandline-i
作者：[sk][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出