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How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer
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================================================================================
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**Numerous Windows users are looking to also try a Linux operating system without deleting the one they are already using. They will be happy to know that this can be done quite easily and that Linux OSes are usually more friendly towards other operating systems that share the same computer.**
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If you are a Windows user and you want to give Ubuntu a go, for example, the procedure is actually quite simple and involves very little effort from the user, who only has to pay a little attention to the procedures.
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A normal installation of a new operating system on a PC is not complicated, not even with Linux and Ubuntu. For the most part, users only click next in the dialogs and everything is taken care of by the scripts. When you want to preserve an operating system that is also present on the same PC (it doesn't have to be a Windows one specifically), a little more work is required, but that can be handled very easily.
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Writing an Ubuntu image from Linux is easy and it can be done with a number of applications. On Windows you will need to get Ubuntu either on a DVD or on a USB (which is preferable). In order to get Ubuntu properly copied to a USB device, you will need to download a handy little tool called [Win32 Disk Imager 0.9.5][1]. It features a simple interface and it's fully automated.
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Now, before rebooting to get Ubuntu installed, you might want to set some free space aside that will be available for Ubuntu, but a partition will not be enough. You will need two of them, one for Ubuntu itself (10GB should suffice if you don't plan to get too many applications) and a second partition for the Swap (the pagefile equivalent for Windows), which has to be double the amount of you RAM memory. You don't need to format them, just make sure they are free. If you install Ubuntu on a second HDD, that's even better.
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Plug the USB in and reboot. You will get a prompt to Try or Install. Choose Install and read the options you are given: Install Ubuntu Alongside Windows 8 (or whatever version you have), Replace Windows 8 with Ubuntu, or Something Else.
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You can choose to install alongside Windows 8, but you might not like what the installer will choose for you. It's better to hit Something Else and install it manually.
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Spot the free partition that you set aside for Ubuntu (the installer doesn't read volume names from Windows), double click on it, select EXT4 as the filesystem, and “/” as the default mount point.
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Now select the smaller partition and choose SWAP as the filesystem. That is all. Once you hit Next, the installation will start and you will have to choose the name, password, and other such details.
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The next time you boot you will get a simple list of operating systems that will allow you to choose whichever OS you prefer.
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Enjoy!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356.shtml
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.softpedia.com/get/CD-DVD-Tools/Data-CD-DVD-Burning/Win32-Disk-Imager.shtml
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How to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu
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================================================================================
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While full hardware virtualization such as KVM, Xen or Hyper-V is great at running fully isolated instances of multiple operating systems on a physical host, it comes with various overheads in terms of performance, resource, and provisioning time. Depending on your use cases, full machine virtuailization may actually not be necessary.
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An alternative lightweight virtualization approach is so-called [Linux Containers][1] (LXC), which provides operating system level virtualization. Without the overhead of running virtual machines, LXC allows you to run multiple instances of full Linux operating system within lightweight container sandbox. Containers can be very useful when you set up a reproducible development/test environment or deploy applications within secure sandboxes.
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[Docker][2] is an open-source tool which was developed to facilitate the deployment of Linux containers. Docker is fast becoming a de-facto standard for container technologies, being embraced in major Linux distros such as [Ubuntu][3] and [Red Hat][4].
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In this tutorial, I am going to demonstrate how to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu 14.04. Note that instructions may be slightly different for earlier versions of Ubuntu.
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At this time, the Docker package available on Ubuntu only supports 64-bit systems. To run it on 32-bit machine, you will need to [build 32-bit version of Docker from source][5].
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### Install Docker ###
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Installing Docker is easy with apt-get command.
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$ sudo apt-get install docker.io
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To allow non-root user to run Docker, add yourself to docker group. The command below will allow the current user to run Docker without root permission.
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$ sudo usermod -a -G docker $USER
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Log out and then re-login to activate group membership change.
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Next, edit the Docker configuration file to update the location of the Docker binary.
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$ sudo vi /etc/default/docker.io
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> DOCKER="/usr/bin/docker.io"
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Restart Docker service.
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$ sudo service docker.io restart
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### Manage Docker Containers ###
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If you want to start a new Docker container of Ubuntu operating system, first pull [Ubuntu][6] Docker image first. The command below will download Docker image over a network.
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$ docker pull ubuntu
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You can start a Ubuntu Docker in an interactive mode as follows. The last argument "/bin/bash" is the command that will be executed inside a container once it is launched, in this case, a simple bash shell.
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$ docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash
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The above command will launch a Ubuntu container immediately (which is the beauty of containers!), and give you a shell prompt inside the container. At this point, you should be able to access a full Ubuntu operating system inside a sandboxed environment.
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To exit a Docker container, type "exit" at the prompt inside the container.
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You can launch containers in different flavors. For example, to start a Fedora container:
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$ docker.io run -i -t fedora /bin/bash
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If a Fedora Docker image is not available locally, the command will automatically download the image first, and then launch a Docker.
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If you want to launch a container with a particular distro release, you can also do that. For example, to start a Ubuntu 13.04 Docker:
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$ docker.io run -i -t ubuntu:13.04 /bin/bash
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### Container Networking ###
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Docker uses Linux bridge to interconnect containers with each other, and to connect them to external networks. After installing Docker, you should see docker0 Linux bridge created automatically by default. Every container you create will be connected to docker0 bridge interface.
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#### Custom Linux Bridge ####
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If you want, you can use a custom Linux bridge to interconnect containers. For that, you can create a custom bridge and configure it as follows. You can assign a separate subnet to the bridge, and have Dockers assigned IP addresses from the subnet. I am going to use 10.0.0.0/24 as a Docker subnet.
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$ sudo apt-get install bridge-utils
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$ sudo brctl addbr br0
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$ sudo ifconfig br0 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
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To make the custom bridge used by Docker, add "-b=br0" to DOCKER_OPTS variable in /etc/default/docker.io, and restart Docker service.
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$ sudo service docker.io restart
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At this point, any new container will be connected to br0, and its IP address will automatically be assigned from 10.0.0.0/24.
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#### Other Customizations ####
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There are several other ways to customize the default network settings of Docker, mostly by tweaking DOCKER_OPTS variable in /etc/default/docker.io.
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- "-dns 8.8.8.8 -dns 8.8.4.4": specify the DNS servers used by a container.
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- "-icc=false": make containers isolated from each other.
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### Troubleshooting ###
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1. You encounter the following error when running docker.io command.
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> dial unix /var/run/docker.sock: no such file or directory
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The error may be because Docker daemon is not running. Check the status of Docker daemon, and make sure to start it first.
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$ sudo service docker.io status
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$ sudo service docker.io start
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/manage-linux-containers-docker-ubuntu.html
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:https://linuxcontainers.org/
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[2]:https://www.docker.io/
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[3]:http://blog.docker.io/2014/04/docker-in-ubuntu-ubuntu-in-docker/
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[4]:http://www.redhat.com/about/news/press-archive/2014/4/red-hat-docker-expand-collaboration
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[5]:http://mwhiteley.com/linux-containers/2013/08/31/docker-on-i386.html
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[6]:http://xmodulo.com/go/ubuntubook
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Six Steps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better
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================================================================================
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**Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) is a very good operating system but, like most Linux distributions out there, it's far from what users might call an optimal setup. There are numerous reasons for this fact, but we can detail a few steps that will make your Ubuntu experience increase a great deal.**
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Even though Ubuntu is a good operating system and the latest incarnation of it, 14.04, is one of the best made so far by Canonical, most users will find that some aspects of the OS can be improved. A number of actions are actually necessary if you want a complete experience.
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For example, right after you first start the OS, you will have to open Software & Updates and make sure that all the options in the first Ubuntu Software tab are checked. You will need these repositories activated if you want to have access to the all the important packages.
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Software & Updates repositories
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The second thing you must do is to install the Ubuntu Restricted Extras. This features a number of important packages that can't be bundled with the operating system due to legal reasons, like Adobe's Flash and Microsoft fonts. It’s safe to download them, but the developers can't include them by default. Open a terminal and enter the following command:
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
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After the installation has been completed, you will also need to get rid of Empathy, the default messenger on the system. It's part of GNOME and it's actually a very limited and buggy solution. You should install Pidgin instead. Here is a list of commands that will do all this:
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sudo apt-get remove empathy
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sudo apt-get install pidgin
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sudo apt-get install pidgin-plugin-pack
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Now, if you are done with the messenger, you will need to install the drivers for the video card. If you have an Intel GPU, you don't have to do anything, but if you have an NVIDIA or AMD solution, you might want to get the proprietary drivers, which offer much better performance in games. Open Software & Updates again, click on the last tab called Additional Drivers, and select the driver you want. It will take some time, but you must be patient. Reboot.
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Software & Updates drivers
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You might also want to stop the online search that’s being performed through Unity's Dash. Open System Settings and click on Security and Privacy. In the third tab, which is called Search, you will find a button that can turn the online search off.
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Stop online search in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
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Also, you might want to customize the desktop a little. Right click on the desktop and select Change Desktop Background. You will notice a slide that is called Launcher icon size, which can be activated and the result can be seen in real time. Under the Behavior tab you will also find an option to display the menu inside the window of the application and not in the top bar of Unity.
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Change the way menus are displayed
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That's about it. Anything you do beyond this point will turn Ubuntu 14.04 LTS into your own version and it's just about cosmetics and less about features and performance.
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Enjoy!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Six-Step-You-Need-to-Take-to-Make-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Better-439341.shtml
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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