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33
translated/tech/20190706 Say WHAAAT- Mozilla has Been Nominated for the -Internet Villain- Award in the UK.md → published/20190706 Say WHAAAT- Mozilla has Been Nominated for the -Internet Villain- Award in the UK.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (chen-ni)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11068-1.html)
[#]: subject: (Say WHAAAT? Mozilla has Been Nominated for the “Internet Villain” Award in the UK)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/mozilla-internet-villain/)
[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
什么？Mozilla 被提名英国“互联网恶棍”奖
什么？！Mozilla 被提名英国“互联网恶棍”奖
======
Mozilla Firefox 是目前最流行的浏览器之一。很多用户喜欢它胜过 Chrome 就是因为它鼓励隐私保护，并且可以通过一些选项设置让你的互联网活动尽可能地私密。
不过最近推出的功能之一 —— 仍然处于测试阶段的 **[DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS)][1]** 功能却受到了英国互联网服务提供商行业协会的负面评价。
不过最近推出的功能之一 —— 仍然处于测试阶段的 [DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS)][1] 功能却受到了英国互联网服务提供商行业协会的负面评价。
英国互联网服务提供商行业协会（Internet Services Providers Association，简称 ISPA）决定将 Mozilla 列入 2019 年“互联网恶棍”奖的最终入围者名单。该奖项将在 ISPA 于 7 月 11 日在伦敦举行的颁奖典礼上进行颁发。
英国<ruby>互联网服务提供商行业协会<rt>Internet Services Providers Association</rt></ruby>（ISPA）决定将 Mozilla 列入 2019 年“互联网恶棍”奖的最终入围者名单。该奖项将在 ISPA 于 7 月 11 日在伦敦举行的颁奖典礼上进行颁发。
![][3]
### 为什么说 “Mozilla” 是 “互联网恶棍”？
ISPA 在他们的声明中表示，Mozilla 因为支持了 **DoH**（DNS-over-HTTPS）而被视为“互联网恶棍”。
ISPA 在他们的声明中表示，Mozilla 因为支持了 DoH（DNS-over-HTTPS）而被视为“互联网恶棍”。
> [@mozilla][4] 被提名为 [#ISPA][5] 的 [#互联网恶棍][6] 是因为他们试图推行 DNS-over-HTTPS 以绕开英国的内容过滤系统和家长监护模式，破坏了英国 [#互联网][7] 安全准则。 <https://t.co/d9NaiaJYnk> [pic.twitter.com/WeZhLq2uvi][8]
>
> — 英国互联网提供商行业协会 (ISPAUK) (@ISPAUK) [2019 年 7 月 4 日][9]
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/D-n8WlvX4AAnWIW.jpg)
和 Mozilla 一同被列入最终入围者名单的还有欧盟版权指令第 13 条和美国总统特朗普。ISPA 在他们的声明里是这样解释的：
和 Mozilla 一同被列入最终入围者名单的还有欧盟《版权法第 13 条》和美国总统特朗普。ISPA 在他们的声明里是这样解释的：
**Mozilla**：因为试图推行 DNS-over-HTTPS 以绕开英国的内容过滤系统和家长监护模式，破坏了英国互联网安全准则。
**欧盟版权指令第 13 条**：因为要求各平台使用“内容识别技术”，威胁到了线上言论自由。
**欧盟《版权法第 13 条》**：因为要求各平台使用“内容识别技术”，威胁到了线上言论自由。
**美国总统特朗普**：因为在试图保护国家安全的过程中，为复杂的全球通信供应链带来了巨大的不确定性。
**美国总统特朗普**：因为在试图保护其国家安全的过程中，为复杂的全球通信供应链带来了巨大的不确定性。
### 什么是 DNS-over-HTTPS?
你可以将 DoH 理解为，域名解析服务（DNS）的请求在 HTTPS 连接中会被加密。
你可以将 DoH 理解为，域名解析服务（DNS）的请求通过 HTTPS 连接加密传输。
传统意义上的 DNS 请求是不会被加密的，因此你的 DNS 提供商或者是互联网服务提供商可以监视或者是控制你的浏览行为。如果没有 DoH，你很容易被 DNS 提供商强制推行拦截和内容过滤系统，并且你的互联网服务提供商也同样可以做到。
[][10]
传统意义上的 DNS 请求是不会被加密的，因此你的 DNS 提供商或者是互联网服务提供商（ISP）可以监视或者是控制你的浏览行为。如果没有 DoH，你很容易被 DNS 提供商强制拦截和进行内容过滤，并且你的互联网服务提供商也同样可以做到。
然而 DoH 颠覆了这一点，可以让你得到一个私密的浏览体验。
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ ISPA 在他们的声明中表示，Mozilla 因为支持了 **DoH**（DNS-over-HT
既有用又没有用。
当然了，从事情的一方面来看，DoH 可以帮助用户绕过 DNS 或者互联网服务提供商推行的内容过滤系统。如果说 DoH 有助于满足我们避开互联网审查的需求，那么它是一件好事情。
当然了，从事情的一方面来看，DoH 可以帮助用户绕过 DNS 或者互联网服务提供商强制的内容过滤系统。如果说 DoH 有助于满足我们避开互联网审查的需求，那么它是一件好事情。
不过从事情的另一方面来看，如果你是一位家长，而你的孩子在 Mozilla Firefox 上使用了 DoH 的话，你就无法 [设置内容过滤器][12] 了。这取决于 [防火墙配置][13] 的好坏。
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ DoH 可能会成为一些人绕过家长监护的手段，这可能不是一件
你又是如何看待 ISPA 的决定的呢？你觉得他们这样的声明是不是在鼓励互联网审查和政府对网民的监控呢？
我个人觉得这个决定非常可笑。即使 DoH 并不是所有人都需要的那个终极功能，能够有一种保护个人隐私的选择也总不是件坏事。
我个人觉得这个提名决定非常可笑。即使 DoH 并不是所有人都需要的那个终极功能，能够有一种保护个人隐私的选择也总不是件坏事。
在下面的评论区里发表你的看法吧。最后我想引用这么一句话：
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/mozilla-internet-villain/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[chen-ni](https://github.com/chen-ni)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Donald Trump Now Wants to Ban End-to-End Encryption)
[#]: via: (https://news.softpedia.com/news/donald-trump-now-wants-to-ban-end-to-end-encryption-526567.shtml)
[#]: author: (Bogdan Popa https://news.softpedia.com/editors/browse/bogdan-popa)
Donald Trump Now Wants to Ban End-to-End Encryption
======
**After[banning][1] and [unbanning][2] Huawei, United States President Donald Trump is now planning to go after end-to-end encryption, with a new report claiming that senior White House officials met this week to discuss the first step the administration could make in this regard.**
[Politico][3] notes, citing three people familiar with the matter, that number two officials from several key agencies discussed a potential offensive against end-to-end encryption.
“The two paths were to either put out a statement or a general position on encryption, and [say] that they would continue to work on a solution, or to ask Congress for legislation,” one source was quoted as saying by the cited publication.
While the White House administration wants to kill off end-to-end encryption in software developed by American companies, this proposal was received with mixed reactions from representatives of various agencies in the country.
For example, the DHS “is internally divided,” Politico notes, as the agency is aware of the security implications that banning end-to-end encryption could generate.
### The encryption dispute
Pushing for regulations against end-to-end encryption is described as a decisive step in the efforts of intelligence agencies and law enforcement in the United States to access devices and data belonging to criminals and terrorists.
The encryption, which the majority of American companies have already bundled into their products, including here Apple and Google, blocks investigators from accessing suspects’ data. Tech companies position end-to-end encryption as a key privacy feature, and several of them have warned that any regulation against it could even affect national security.
Apple, in particular, is one of the biggest companies fighting against anti-encryption regulation. The company [**refused to unlock an iPhone used by the San Bernardino terrorist**][4], explaining that breaking into the device would have compromised the security of all customers.
The FBI eventually unlocked the device using software developed by a third-party.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://news.softpedia.com/news/donald-trump-now-wants-to-ban-end-to-end-encryption-526567.shtml
作者：[Bogdan Popa;Jun][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://news.softpedia.com/editors/browse/bogdan-popa
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://news.softpedia.com/news/google-bans-huawei-from-using-android-google-play-gmail-other-services-526083.shtml
[2]: https://news.softpedia.com/news/breaking-donald-trump-says-huawei-can-buy-american-products-again-526564.shtml
[3]: https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/27/trump-officials-weigh-encryption-crackdown-1385306
[4]: https://news.softpedia.com/news/judge-orders-apple-to-help-the-fbi-hack-san-bernardino-shooter-s-iphone-500517.shtml

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sources/talk/20190705 Lessons in Vendor Lock-in- Google and Huawei.md Normal file
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Lessons in Vendor Lock-in: Google and Huawei)
[#]: via: (https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/lessons-vendor-lock-google-and-huawei)
[#]: author: (Kyle Rankin https://www.linuxjournal.com/users/kyle-rankin)
Lessons in Vendor Lock-in: Google and Huawei
======
![](https://www.linuxjournal.com/sites/default/files/styles/850x500/public/nodeimage/story/bigstock-Us--China-Trade-War-Boxing-F-252887971_1.jpg?itok=oZBwXDrP)
What happens when you're locked in to a vendor that's too big to fail, but is on the opposite end of a trade war?
The story of Google no longer giving Huawei access to Android updates is still developing, so by the time you read this, the situation may have changed. At the moment, Google has granted Huawei a 90-day window whereby it will have access to Android OS updates, the Google Play store and other Google-owned Android assets. After that point, due to trade negotiations between the US and China, Huawei no longer will have that access.
Whether or not this new policy between Google and Huawei is still in place when this article is published, this article isn't about trade policy or politics. Instead, I'm going to examine this as a new lesson in vendor lock-in that I don't think many have considered before: what happens when the vendor you rely on is forced by its government to stop you from being a customer?
### Too Big to Fail
Vendor lock-in isn't new, but until the last decade or so, it generally was thought of by engineers as a bad thing. Companies would take advantage the fact that you used one of their products that was legitimately good to use the rest of their products that may or may not be as good as those from their competitors. People felt the pain of being stuck with inferior products and rebelled.
These days, a lot of engineers have entered the industry in a world where the new giants of lock-in are still growing and have only flexed their lock-in powers a bit. Many engineers shrug off worries about choosing a solution that requires you to use only products from one vendor, in particular if that vendor is a large enough company. There is an assumption that those companies are too big ever to fail, so why would it matter that you rely on them (as many companies in the cloud do) for every aspect of their technology stack?
Many people who justify lock-in with companies who are too big to fail point to all of the even more important companies who use that vendor who would have even bigger problems should that vendor have a major bug, outage or go out of business. It would take so much effort to use cross-platform technologies, the thinking goes, when the risk of going all-in with a single vendor seems so small.
Huawei also probably figured (rightly) that Google and Android were too big to fail. Why worry about the risks of being beholden to a single vendor for your OS when that vendor was used by other large companies and would have even bigger problems if the vendor went away?
### The Power of Updates
Google held a particularly interesting and subtle bit of lock-in power over Huawei (and any phone manufacturer who uses Android)—the power of software updates. This form of lock-in isn't new. Microsoft famously used the fact that software updates in Microsoft Office cost money (naturally, as it was selling that software) along with the fact that new versions of Office had this tendency to break backward compatibility with older document formats to encourage everyone to upgrade. The common scenario was that the upper-level folks in the office would get brand-new, cutting-edge computers with the latest version of Office on them. They would start saving new documents and sharing them, and everyone else wouldn't be able to open them. It ended up being easier to upgrade everyone's version of Office than to have the bosses remember to save new documents in old formats every time.
The main difference with Android is that updates are critical not because of compatibility, but for security. Without OS updates, your phone ultimately will become vulnerable to exploits that attackers continue to find in your software. The Android OS that ships on phones is proprietary and therefore requires permission from Google to get those updates.
Many people still don't think of the Android OS as proprietary software. Although people talk about the FOSS underpinnings in Android, only people who go to the extra effort of getting a pure-FOSS version of Android, like LineageOS, on their phones actually experience it. The version of Android most people tend to use has a bit of FOSS in the center, surrounded by proprietary Google Apps code.
It's this Google Apps code that gives Google the kind of powerful leverage over a company like Huawei. With traditional Android releases, Google controls access to OS updates including security updates. All of this software is signed with Google's signing keys. This system is built with security in mind—attackers can't easily build their own OS update to install on your phone—but it also has a convenient side effect of giving Google control over the updates.
What's more, the Google Apps suite isn't just a convenient way to load Gmail or Google Docs, it also includes the tight integration with your Google account and the Google Play store. Without those hooks, you don't have access to the giant library of applications that everyone expects to use on their phones. As anyone with a LineageOS phone that uses F-Droid can attest, while a large number of applications are available in the F-Droid market, you can't expect to see those same apps as on Google Play. Although you can side-load some Google Play apps, many applications, such as Google Maps, behave differently without a Google account. Note that this control isn't unique to Google. Apple uses similar code-signing features with similar restrictions on its own phones and app updates.
### Conclusion
Without access to these OS updates, Huawei now will have to decide whether to create its own LineageOS-style Android fork or a whole new phone OS of its own. In either case, it will have to abandon the Google Play Store ecosystem and use F-Droid-style app repositories, or if it goes 100% alone, it will need to create a completely new app ecosystem. If its engineers planned for this situation, then they likely are working on this plan right now; otherwise, they are all presumably scrambling to address an event that "should never happen". Here's hoping that if you find yourself in a similar case of vendor lock-in with an overseas company that's too big to fail, you never get caught in the middle of a trade war.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/lessons-vendor-lock-google-and-huawei
作者：[Kyle Rankin][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.linuxjournal.com/users/kyle-rankin
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Best Linux Distributions for Beginners)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-beginners/)
[#]: author: (Aquil Roshan https://itsfoss.com/author/aquil/)
Best Linux Distributions for Beginners
======
_**Brief** : In this article, we will see the **best Linux distro for beginners**_. This will help new Linux users to pick their first distribution.
Let’s face it, [Linux][1] can pose an overwhelming complexity to new users. But then, it’s not Linux itself that brings this complexity. Rather, it’s the “newness” factor that causes this. Not getting nostalgic, but remembering my first time with Linux, I didn’t even know what to expect. I liked it. But it was an upstream swim for me initially.
Not knowing where to start can be a downer. Especially for someone who does not have the concept of something else running on their PC in place of Windows.
Linux is more than an OS. It’s an idea where everybody grows together and there’s something for everybody. We have already covered:
* [Best Linux distributions for Windows users][2]
* [Best lightweight Linux distros][3]
* [Best Linux distributions for hacking][4]
* [Best Linux distributions for gaming][5]
* [Best Linux distributions for privacy and anonymity][6]
* [Best Linux distributions that look like MacOS][7]
In addition to that, there are distributions that cater to the needs of newcomers especially. So here are a few such Linux distros for beginners. You can watch it in a video and [subscribe to our YouTube channel][8] for more Linux related videos.
### Best Linux Distros for Beginners
Please remember that this list is no particular order. The main criteria for compiling this list is ease of installation, out of the box hardware software, ease of use and availability of software packages.
#### 1\. Ubuntu
If you’ve researched Linux on the internet, it’s highly probable that you have come across Ubuntu. Ubuntu is one of the leading Linux distributions. It is also the perfect path to begin your Linux journey.
![][9]
Ubuntu has been tagged as Linux for human beings. Now, this is because Ubuntu has put in a lot of effort on universal usability. Ubuntu does not require you to be technically sound for you to use it. It breaks the notion of Linux=Command line hassle. This is one of the major plus points that rocketed Ubuntu to where it is today.
Ubuntu offers a very convenient installation procedure. The installer speaks plain English (or any major language you want). You can even try out Ubuntu before actually going through the installation procedure. The installer provides simple options to:
* Install Ubuntu removing the older OS
* [Install Ubuntu alongside Windows][10] or any other existing OS (A choice is given at every startup to select the OS to boot).
* Configure partitions for users who know what they are doing.
_Beginner tip: Select the second option if you are not sure about what to do._
Ubuntu’s user interface is called GNOME. It is as simple as well as productive as it gets. You can search anything from applications to files by pressing the Windows key. Is there any way you can make this simpler?
There are no driver installation issues as Ubuntu comes with a hardware detector which detects, downloads and installs optimal drivers for your PC. Also, the installation comes with all the basic software like a music player, video player, an office suite and games for some time killing.
Ubuntu has a great documentation and community support. [Ubuntu forums ][11]and [Ask Ubuntu][12] provide an appreciable quality support in almost all aspects regarding Ubuntu. It’s highly probable that any question you might have will already be answered. And the answers are beginner friendly.
Do check out and download [Ubuntu][13] at the [official site.][13]
#### 2\. Linux Mint Cinnamon
For years, Linux Mint has been the **number one** Linux distribution on [Distrowatch][14]. Well deserved throne I must say. Linux mint is one of my personal favorites. It is elegant, graceful and provides a superior computing experience (out of the box).
![][15]
Linux Mint features the Cinnamon desktop environment. New Linux users who are still in the process of familiarizing themselves with Linux software will find Cinnamon very useful. All the software are very accessibly grouped under categories. Although this is nothing of a mind-blowing feature, to new users who do not know the names of Linux software, this is a huge bonus.
[][16]
Suggested read Installing Microsoft Visual Studio Code on Linux
Linux Mint is fast. Runs fine on older computers. Linux Mint is built upon the rock-solid Ubuntu base. It uses the same software repository as Ubuntu. About the Ubuntu software repository, Ubuntu pushes software for general only use after extensive testing. This means users will not have to deal with unexpected crashes and glitches that some new software are prone to, which can be a real no-no for new Linux users.
![][17]
Windows 7 lovers who are really not into where Microsoft if heading with Windows 10 will find Linux Mint lovable. Linux Mint desktop is pretty similar to Windows 7 desktop. Similar toolbar, similar menu, similar tray icons are all set to make Windows users feel absolutely at home.
Personally, I’m more likely to suggest Linux Mint to someone who is new to Linux world as Linux Mint does impress users enough for them to accept it. To me, Linux Mint should be the first among the list of Linux for beginners.
Do check out [Linux Mint here][18]. Go for the Cinnamon version.
#### 3\. Zorin OS
A majority of computer users are Windows users. And when a [Windows user gets a Linux][2], there’s a fair amount of ‘unlearning process’ that user must go through. A huge amount of operations have been fixed in our muscle memory. For example, the mouse reaching to the lower left corner of the screen (Start) everytime you want to launch an application. So if we could find something that eases these issues on Linux, it’s half a battle won. Enter Zorin OS.
![][19]
Zorin OS is an Ubuntu-based, highly polished Linux distribution, entirely made for Windows refugees. Although pretty much every Linux distro is usable by everybody, some people might tend to be reluctant when the desktop looks too alien. Zorin OS dodges past this obstacle because of its similarities with Windows appearance wise.
Package managers are something of a new concept to Linux newcomers. That’s why Zorin OS comes with a huge (I mean really huge) list of pre-installed software. Anything you need, there’s good chance it’s already installed on Zorin OS. As if that was not enough, [Wine and PlayOnLinux][20] come pre-installed so you can run your loved Windows software and [games][21] here too.
![][22]
Zorin OS comes with an amazing theme engine called the ‘Zorin look changer’. It offers some heavy customization options with presets to make your OS look like Windows 7, XP, 2000 or even a Mac for that matter. You’re going to feel home.
![][23]
These features make Zorin OS the _**best Linux distro for beginners**_ , isn’t it? Do check out the [Zorin OS website][24] to know more and download the OS.
#### 4\. Elementary OS
Since we have taken a look at Linux distros for Windows users, let’s swing by something for MacOS users too. Elementary OS very quickly rose to fame and now is always included in the list of top distros, all thanks to its aesthetic essence. Inspired by MacOS looks, Elementary OS is one of the most beautiful Linux distros.
![][25]
Elementary OS is another Ubuntu-based operating system which means the operating system itself is unquestionably stable. Elementary OS features the Pantheon desktop environment. You can immediately notice the resemblance to MacOS desktop. This is an advantage to MacOS users switching to Linux as they will much comfortable with the desktop and this really eases the process of coping to this change.
![][26]
The menu is simple and customizable according to user preferences. The operating system is zero intrusive so you can really focus on your work. It comes with a very small number of pre-installed software. So, any new user will not be repulsed by huge bloat. But hey, it’s got everything you need out of the box. For more software, Elementary OS provides a neat AppCenter. It is highly accessible and simple. Everything at one place. You can get all the software you want and perform upgrades in clicks.
[][27]
Suggested read How to Install and Use Slack in Linux
Experience wise, [Elementary OS][28] is really a great piece of software. Definitely give [it a try.][28]
#### 5\. Linux Mint Mate
A good number of people who come to Linux are looking to revive older computers. With Windows 10, many computers that had decent specs just some years ago have become incompetent. A quick google will suggest you install Linux on such computers. In that way, you can keep them running up to the mark for the near future. Linux Mint Mate is a great Linux distro if you are looking for something to run your older computers.
![][29]
Linux Mint Mate is very light, resource efficient but still a polished distro. It can run smoothly on computers with less muscle power. The desktop environment does not come with bells and jingles. But in no way is it functionally inferior to any other desktop environments. The operating system is non-intrusive and allows you to have a productive computing experience without getting in your way.
Again, the Linux Mint Mate is based on Ubuntu and has the advantage of huge base solid Ubuntu software repository. It comes with a minimum number of necessities pre-installed. Easy driver installation and setting management are made available.
You can run Linux Mint Mate even if you have 512 MB RAM and 9 GB hard disk space (the more the merrier).
The Mate desktop environment is really simple to use with no twists in the tale. This is really a huge plus point for Linux beginners. All the more reason to [try out Linux Mint Mate][30].
#### 6\. Manjaro Linux
Ok. Any long time Linux user will say guiding a newcomer even in the general direction of Arch Linux is a sin. But hear me out.
Arch is considered experts-only Linux because of it’s highly complex installation procedure. Manajro and Arch Linux have a common origin. But they differ extensively in everything else.
![][31]
Manajro Linux has an extremely beginner friendly installation procedure. A lot of things are automated like driver installation using ‘Hardware detection’. Manjaro hugely negates the hardware driver hassles that torments a lot of other Linux distros. And even if you face any issues, Manjaro has an amazing community support.
Manjaro has its own software repository which maintains the latest of software. While providing up to date software to users is a priority, guaranteed stability is not at all compromised. This is one of the prime differences between Arch and Manjaro. Manjaro delays package releases to make sure they are absolutely stable and no regression will be caused. You can also access the Arch User Repository on Manjaro, so anything and everything you need, is always available.
If you want to know more about Manjaro features, do read my colleague [John’s experience with Manjaro Linux and why he is hooked][32] to it.
![][33]
Manjaro Linux comes in XFCE, KDE, Gnome, Cinnamon and a host of more desktop environments. Do check out the [official website][34].
To install any of the above 6 operating systems, you need to create a bootable USB stick. If you are currently using Windows [use this guide to do so][35]. Mac OS users may [follow this guide][36].
**Your choice for the best Linux distro for beginners?**
Linux might come with a learning curve, but that’s not something anybody ever regretted. Go ahead get an ISO and check out Linux. If you are already a Linux user, do share this article and help someone fall in love with Linux in this season of love. Cheers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-beginners/
作者：[Aquil Roshan][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/aquil/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.linux.com/what-is-linux
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/windows-like-linux-distributions/
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/lightweight-linux-beginners/
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-hacking-penetration-testing/
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-gaming-distributions/
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/privacy-focused-linux-distributions/
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/macos-like-linux-distros/
[8]: https://www.youtube.com/c/itsfoss
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ubuntu-18-04-desktop.jpeg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/
[11]: https://ubuntuforums.org/
[12]: http://askubuntu.com/
[13]: https://www.ubuntu.com/
[14]: https://distrowatch.com/
[15]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/LM_Home.jpg?ssl=1
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/install-visual-studio-code-ubuntu/
[17]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/LM_SS.jpg?ssl=1
[18]: https://linuxmint.com/
[19]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Zorin.jpg?ssl=1
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/use-windows-applications-linux/
[21]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-gaming-guide/
[22]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Zorin-office.jpg?ssl=1
[23]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/OSX.jpg?ssl=1
[24]: https://zorinos.com/
[25]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Pantheon-Desktop.jpg?resize=800%2C500&ssl=1
[26]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Application-Menu.jpg?ssl=1
[27]: https://itsfoss.com/slack-use-linux/
[28]: https://elementary.io/
[29]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/mate.jpg?ssl=1
[30]: http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=3182
[31]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/manajro.jpg?ssl=1
[32]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-manjaro-linux/
[33]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/manjaro-kde.jpg?ssl=1
[34]: https://manjaro.org/
[35]: https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows
[36]: https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-macos

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Install NetData Performance Monitoring Tool On Linux)
[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/netdata-real-time-performance-monitoring-tool-linux/)
[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
Install NetData Performance Monitoring Tool On Linux
======
![][1]
**NetData** is a distributed, real-time, performance and health monitoring tool for systems and applications. It provides unparalleled insights of everything happening on a system in real-time. You can view the results in a highly interactive web-dashboard. Using Netdata, you can get a clear idea of what is happening now, and what happened before in your systems and applications. You don’t need to be an expert to deploy this tool in your Linux systems. NetData just works fine out of the box with zero configuration, and zero dependencies. Just install this utility and sit back, NetData will take care of the rest.
It has its own built-in webserver to display the result in graphical format. NetData is quite fast and efficient, and it will immediately start to analyze the performance of your system in no time after installing it. It is written using **C** programming language, so it is extremely light weight. It consumes less than 3% of a single core CPU usage and a 10-15MB of RAM. We can easily embed the charts on any existing web pages, and also it has a plugin API, so that you can monitor any application.
Here is the list of things that will be monitored by NetData utility in your Linux system.
* CPU usage,
* RAM Usage,
* Swap memory usage,
* Kernel memory usage,
* Hard disks and its usage,
* Network interfaces,
* IPtables,
* Netfilter,
* DDoS protection,
* Processes,
* Applications,
* NFS server,
* Web server (Apache & Nginx),
* Database servers (MySQL),
* DHCP server,
* DNS server,
* Email serve,r
* Proxy server,
* Tomcat,
* PHP,
* SNP devices,
* And many more.
NetData is free, open source tool and it supports Linux, FreeBSD and Mac OS.
### Install NetData On Linux
Netdata can be installed on any Linux distributions that have **Bash** installed.
The easiest way to install Netdata is to run the following one-liner command from the Terminal:
```
$ bash <(curl -Ss https://my-netdata.io/kickstart-static64.sh)
```
This will download and install everything needed to up and run Netdata.
Some users may not want to inject something directly into Bash without investigating it. If you don’t like this method, you can follow the steps below to install it on your system.
**On Arch Linux:**
The latest version is available in the Arch Linux default repositories. So, we can install it with [**pacman**][2] using command:
```
$ sudo pacman -S netdata
```
**On DEB and RPM-based systems**
NetData is not available in the default repositories of DEB based (Ubuntu / Debian) or RPM based (RHEL / CentOS / Fedora) systems. We need to install NetData manually from its Git repository.
First install the required dependencies:
```
# Debian / Ubuntu
$ sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev uuid-dev libuv1-dev liblz4-dev libjudy-dev libssl-dev libmnl-dev gcc make git autoconf autoconf-archive autogen automake pkg-config curl
# Fedora
$ sudo dnf install zlib-devel libuuid-devel libuv-devel lz4-devel Judy-devel openssl-devel libmnl-devel gcc make git autoconf autoconf-archive autogen automake pkgconfig curl findutils
# CentOS / Red Hat Enterprise Linux
$ sudo yum install epel-release
$ sudo yum install autoconf automake curl gcc git libmnl-devel libuuid-devel openssl-devel libuv-devel lz4-devel Judy-devel lm_sensors make MySQL-python nc pkgconfig python python-psycopg2 PyYAML zlib-devel
# openSUSE
$ sudo zypper install zlib-devel libuuid-devel libuv-devel liblz4-devel judy-devel openssl-devel libmnl-devel gcc make git autoconf autoconf-archive autogen automake pkgconfig curl findutils
```
After installing the required dependencies, install NetData on DEB or RPM based systems as shown below.
Git clone the NetData repository:
```
$ git clone https://github.com/netdata/netdata.git --depth=100
```
The above command will create a directory called **‘netdata’** in the current working directory.
Change to the ‘netdata’ directory:
```
$ cd netdata/
```
Finally, install and start NetData using command:
```
$ sudo ./netdata-installer.sh
```
**Sample output:**
```
Welcome to netdata!
Nice to see you are giving it a try!
You are about to build and install netdata to your system.
It will be installed at these locations:
- the daemon at /usr/sbin/netdata
- config files at /etc/netdata
- web files at /usr/share/netdata
- plugins at /usr/libexec/netdata
- cache files at /var/cache/netdata
- db files at /var/lib/netdata
- log files at /var/log/netdata
- pid file at /var/run
This installer allows you to change the installation path.
Press Control-C and run the same command with --help for help.
Press ENTER to build and install netdata to your system > ## Press ENTER key
```
After installing NetData, you will see the following output at the end:
```
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OK. NetData is installed and it is running (listening to *:19999).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INFO: Command line options changed. -pidfile, -nd and -ch are deprecated.
If you use custom startup scripts, please run netdata -h to see the
corresponding options and update your scripts.
Hit http://localhost:19999/ from your browser.
To stop netdata, just kill it, with:
killall netdata
To start it, just run it:
/usr/sbin/netdata
Enjoy!
Uninstall script generated: ./netdata-uninstaller.sh
```
![][3]
Install NetData
NetData has been installed and started.
To install Netdata on other Linux distributions, refer the [**official installation instructions page**][4].
##### Allow NetData default port via Firewall or Router
If your system stays behind any firewall or router, you must allow the default port **19999** to access the NetData web interface from any remote systems on the network,.
**On Ubuntu / Debian:**
```
$ sudo ufw allow 19999
```
**On CentOS / RHEL / Fedora:**
```
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=19999/tcp
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
```
### Starting / Stopping NetData
To enable and start Netdata service on systems that use **Systemd** , run:
```
$ sudo systemctl enable netdata
$ sudo systemctl start netdata
```
To stop:
```
$ sudo systemctl stop netdata
```
To enable and start Netdata service on systems that use **Init** , run:
```
$ sudo service netdata start
$ sudo chkconfig netdata on
```
To stop it:
```
$ sudo service netdata stop
```
### Access NetData via Web browser
Open your web browser, and navigate to **<http://127.0.0.1:19999>** or **<http://localhost:19999/>** or **<http://ip-address:19999>**. You should see a screen something like below.
![][5]
Netdata dashboard
From the dashboard, you will find the complete statistics of your Linux system. Scroll down to view each section.
You can download and/or view NetData default configuration file at any time by simply navigating to **<http://localhost:19999/netdata.conf>**.
![][6]
Netdata configuration file
### Updating NetData
In Arch Linux, just run the following command to update NetData. If the updated version is available in the repository, it will be automatically installed.
```
$ sudo pacman -Syyu
```
In DEB or RPM based systems, just go to the directory where you have cloned it (In our case it’s netdata).
```
$ cd netdata
```
Pull the latest update:
```
$ git pull
```
Then, rebuild and update it using command:
```
$ sudo ./netdata-installer.sh
```
### Uninstalling NetData
Go to the location where you have cloned NetData.
```
$ cd netdata
```
Then, uninstall it using command:
```
$ sudo ./netdata-uninstaller.sh --force
```
In Arch Linux, the following command will uninstall it.
```
$ sudo pacman -Rns netdata
```
**Resources:**
* [**NetData website**][7]
* [**NetData GitHub page**][8]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/netdata-real-time-performance-monitoring-tool-linux/
作者：[sk][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Install-netdata-720x340.png
[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/getting-started-pacman/
[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Deepin-Terminal_002-6.png
[4]: https://docs.netdata.cloud/packaging/installer/
[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Netdata-dashboard.png
[6]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Netdata-config-file.png
[7]: http://netdata.firehol.org/
[8]: https://github.com/firehol/netdata