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20131120-1 选题
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Daily Ubuntu Tips–Make The Mouse Left-handed For Left Hand Users
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================================================================================
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The computer mouse was designed to be operated mostly using your index finger (the finger next to your thumb). By default, the mouse is configured for right-handed users. When you turn on your machine the first time, in most cases you will have to use your right index finger to click on things.
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In fact, most left-handed users use the mouse to the left side of the keyboard and use their middle finger to click on things. This is not the best way for left handed users to use the mouse.
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This brief tutorial is going those who need to use the mouse using their left hand properly. It will show left handed users how to setup the mouse so that the most commonly used button is operated using the left index finger.
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This can also applied to right handed users. If the mouse is configured to be used using the left index finger, right handed users may use this guide to change the button from left to right.
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To get started, click the gear button at the top right panel and select **System Settings**…
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Then select **Mouse & Touchpad** group from System Settings.. When it opens, choose ‘**Right**’ to switch the commonly used click button to suite left handed users.
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Switch back to Left to suite right handed users. The change will immediately take effect after selecting your choice.
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That it. Now left handed users can move the mouse to the left of the keyboard and use their index finger on the left hand to operate the mouse properly.
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Enjoy!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/11/daily-ubuntu-tipsmake-the-mouse-left-handed-for-left-hand-users/
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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Deepen your creative knowledge with explanatory user-friendly icon-creation design story
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================================================================================
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Along with quality, stability and agility, Ubuntu comes paired with a team of experienced designers, designers covering more and more corners of Ubuntu and thus imprinting into the polished OS beautiful areas, optimized behaviors, carefully-implemented interactions, etc.
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The **Ubuntu designer Matthieu "Tiheum" James**,--the creator of Faenza and Faience--, published an interesting article, centering the creation of several icons, insightful article allowing interested users and third-party developers to directly observe how a professional designer creates icons.
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The mentioned icons have been created for Juju as presented in the recent OpenStack Summit in Hong Kong, icons adopting an entertaining nature, meant at meeting the visitors of Ubuntu's stand at the Hong Kong summit, "**we wanted** to replace the normal Juju icons for something a little bit more special in order to explain to people that visited the Ubuntu stand what kind of things Juju can do. We decided to use the idea of an ice-cream with toppings and sauce which you can build in the same way that you can build services in Juju".
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The article exposes the psychological ground on which the actual icon-creation process stood, immersing the reader into an explanatory yet easily-graspable journey through finding good concepts, initial sketching, adding perspectives to icons, using different design approaches, choosing icon backgrounds, refining the icons, etc, essentially, a reader-friendly design story.
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The full article can be enjoyed on [http://design.canonical.com/2013/11/juju-ice-cream-icon-design/][1]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://iloveubuntu.net/deepen-your-creative-knowledge-explanatory-user-friendly-icon-creation-design-story
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://design.canonical.com/2013/11/juju-ice-cream-icon-design/
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175
sources/Linux diff Command Explained With Examples.md
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175
sources/Linux diff Command Explained With Examples.md
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Linux diff Command Explained With Examples
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================================================================================
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When it comes to file comparison, GUI based software are mostly used. Very few people actually use a command line utility for this purpose. Though I won’t say that using command line for file/directory comparison is as easy as a cake walk but if you are a Linux user then I think you should know how to compare files through command line as it is definitely a quick method once you are used to it.
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In this article, we will learn how to use the diff command through some practical examples.
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### Linux diff Command ###
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Lets understand Linux diff command through some practical examples.
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Suppose we have these two files (file1 and file2) :
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$ cat file1
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Hi,
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Hello,
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How are you?
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I am fine,
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Thank you.
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$ cat file2
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Hello,
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Hi,
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How are you?
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I am fine.
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You can see that both the files have some minor differences. Now, lets see how the diff command can be used to bring out these differences.
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Here is how you run diff command :
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$ diff file1 file2
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1d0
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< Hi, 2a2 > Hi,
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4,5c4
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< I am fine,
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< Thank you.
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—
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> I am fine.
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So you can see that the diff command was provided with both the file names as command line arguments and it produced the differences in the output. The output by no means is easily comprehend-able. Reason being, it was designed to be used by the computers and not the humans. Nonetheless, lets decode the output piece by piece:
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**NOTE** – The files file1 and file2 will be addressed as old file and new file in the following text.
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1d0
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< Hi,
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Here, the line 1d0 means that the 1st line of the old file should be deleted (d) in order to sync up both the files beginning at line 0. The line to be deleted in old file is mentioned just below with < mark.
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2a2
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> Hi,
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Here, the line 2a2 means that the second line from the new file should be added after second line of old file. The line to be added is displayed in the next line of the output with > mark.
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4,5c4
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< I am fine,
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< Thank you.
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—
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> I am fine.
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Here, the line 4,5c4 means that the line numbers ranging from 4 to 5 in the old file are now changed and should be replaced with the 4th line of the new file. The lines to be added and deleted are marked with > and < respectively.
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So, to conclude,
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- The first argument to diff command is regarded as old file while the second argument becomes new file.
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- Expressions like 1d0 2a2, 4,5c4 can be decoded with the syntax **[line number or range from old file][action][line number or range from new file]**. Where, ‘action’ can be append, delete or changed-so-replace.
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- The mark < represents the line to be deleted while > represents the line to be added.
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In addition to files, the diff command can also be used to compare two directories. Lets learn this through an example.
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Here are the contents of a directory named ‘new_dir’ :
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$ ls new_dir/
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file file2 frnd frnd1.cpp log1.txt log3.txt log5.txt
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file1 file name with spaces frnd1 frnd.cpp log2.txt log4.txt
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and here are the contents of a directory named ‘old_dir’ :
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$ ls orig_dir/
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file1 file name with spaces frnd1 frnd.cpp log2.txt log4.txt test
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file2 frnd frnd1.cpp log1.txt log3.txt log5.txt
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Now, here is the output when diff command was executed :
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$ diff new_dir/ orig_dir/
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Only in new_dir/: file
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Only in orig_dir/: test
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So you can see that when diff command is executed to compare these two directories, it easily displays the missing files in the directories.
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Here are some of the commonly used command line options :
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### 1. Use -i to ignore case differences ###
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If two files contain same text but in different cases, the diff command still reports it as a difference by default.
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For example :
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$ cat file1
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HI
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$ cat file2
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hi
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$ diff file1 file2
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1c1
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< HI — > hi
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So you can see that the diff command reported the case difference in the output.
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To get away with this default behaviour, use -i option.
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Here is an example :
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$ diff -i file1 file2
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$
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So you can see that no output was produced, which is the default behaviour when both the files are same.
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### 2. Report That The Files Are Same Using -s Option ###
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Towards the end of the example 1, we saw that diff doesn’t report anything if files are same. Though this default behaviour is fine but it could still confuse many, especially the newbies. So, if you want the diff command to report explicitly that the files are same then use -s command line option.
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Here is an example :
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$ diff -is file1 file2
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Files file1 and file2 are identical
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So you can see that I added the -s option in the command that we used in last example and this time the diff command explicitly reported that both the files are identical.
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### 3. Use -b To Ignore Spaces ###
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Another common use case is the varying amount of spaces for which the diff command reports the files as different.
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Here is an example :
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$ cat file1
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Hi, how are you?
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$ cat file2
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Hi, how are you?
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Observe that the only difference between the tow files is the extra space between the words ‘are’ and ‘you’ in file2. Now, when diff command is used to compare these two files, here is the output :
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$ diff file1 file2
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1c1
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< Hi, how are you?
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—
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> Hi, how are you?
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So you can see that the diff command reported the difference. But if you want diff to ignore these spaces, use -b option :
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$ diff -b file1 file2
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$
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So you can see that due to -b option, the diff command reported both the files as same.
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The diff command provides many more command line options. Read it’s [man page][1] for the complete list.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-diff-command-examples/
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/CGI/man-cgi?diff
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NSA Asked Linus Torvalds To Give Them Backdoor Access In Linux, Says MEP
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================================================================================
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*Linus and OMG! Back in 2011*
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The United States’ National Security Agency ([**NSA**][1]) are alleged to have asked the creator of Linux, Linus Torvalds, to create ‘backdoors’ into GNU/Linux through which they could access.
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Far from being a rumour, word of the approach comes via Linus’ father, Nils Torvalds.
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As a Member of the European Parliament (MEP), Nils was present at recent committee inquiry held on the “Mass Surveillance of EU Citizens”. Here, representatives from a number of companies named in documents leaked by NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden were questioned about their own (alleged) involvement.
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Following a question put to a Microsoft spokeswoman by Pirate Party MEP Christian Engström on whether the company willingly include “backdoors” for the NSA in their system, Nils Torvalds MEP [said][2]:
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> When my oldest son [Linus Torvalds] was asked the same question: “Has he been approached by the NSA about backdoors?” he said “No”, but at the same time he nodded. Then he was sort of in the legal free. He had given the right answer …everybody understood that the NSA had approached him.
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If that sounds familiar to you then you might have [seen the snippet on YouTube][3]. Linus went on to insist that he was joking, and that [the NSA had not approached him][4].
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**But, speaking at November 11th’s inquiry, his father seems to think otherwise. **
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Following on from allegations that Google, [Yahoo!][5], Facebook [and, indeed, Microsoft][6] are among the many companies wilfully cooperating with the agency to provide “backdoor” access to their systems, this revelation is far from earth-shattering. In fact, is makes sense in the grand scheme of things. After all, why wouldn’t the NSA ask Linus to do this?
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While Nils doesn’t explain how Linus responded – I’d like to think it involved two fingers – we can be sure that it, at the very least, involved an explanation of how open source prevents something like that being possible.
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If any holes were left around for the NSA’s overly-long tentacles to creep into, you can bet your bottom dollar that they’d have been found, exposed and rooted out long before now.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/11/nsa-ask-linus-torvalds-include-backdoors-linux-father-says-yes
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.nsa.gov/
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[2]:http://youtu.be/EkpIddQ8m2s?t=3h09m06s
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[3]:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gRsgkdfYJ8
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[4]:http://mashable.com/2013/09/19/linus-torvalds-backdoor-linux/
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[5]:http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/internet-security/10459081/Yahoo-to-encrypt-internal-traffic-following-NSA-revelations.html
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[6]:http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-23285642
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