mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2026-08-23 04:03:29 +08:00
shipsw
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
|
||||
Coverity 扫描报告首次发现开源软件质量超过专有软件
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Coverity开启了免费开发测试服务，允许任何对开源软件质量感兴趣的人查看项目**
|
||||
|
||||
特点 | CIOL Bureau
|
||||
|
||||
来自美国山景城（加州）的消息：Coverity公司（新思科技公司的一个子公司）发布了2013年Coverity扫描开源软件报告。
|
||||
|
||||
经过Coverity扫描服务以及按照Coverity开发测试平台的商业惯例，报告中详细分析了关于7.5亿行开源软件代码的分析，这是至今报告研究的最大的样本量。
|
||||
|
||||
在2013年Coverity扫描报告中，他们分析了超过700个C/C++开源项目和一个匿名的企业项目的样本。另外，报告中还强调了几个流行的开源Java项目的分析结果，这些项目从2013年3月就加入了扫描服务。
|
||||
|
||||
Coverity扫描开源项目报告成为了一个被广泛接受的衡量开放源代码质量状态的标准。在过去8年时间里，Coverity扫描服务分析了超过1500个开源项目的数亿行代码——其中包括的C/C++项目中有NetBSD, FreeBSD，LibreOffice和Linux等，Java项目中有Apache Hadoop，HBase以及Cassandra等。
|
||||
|
||||
自2006年已来，扫描服务帮助开发者发现和修复了超过94,000缺陷。仅在2013年一年就修复了近50,000个缺陷——这是扫描服务的用户在一年中修复缺陷的最大数量。在这些缺陷中，其中有超过11,000的缺陷修复出现在扫描服务中的四个最大的项目：NetBSD，FreeBSD，LibreOffice和Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2013年报告中重要发现包括： ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### C/C++项目中开源软件代码质量超过专有软件
|
||||
|
||||
缺陷密度（每1,000行软件代码所含的缺陷）是一个通用的测量软件质量的方法，缺陷密度1.0被认为是高质量软件的公认的行业标准。
|
||||
|
||||
Coverity的分析中发现，扫描服务中的开源的C/C++项目的平均缺陷密度为 0.59，而为企业项目开发的专有C/C++代码的缺陷密度为 0.72。在2013年，在所有不同大小的代码库中，扫描服务中的开源项目的代码质量超过专有项目，这进一步强调了开源社区开发测试的坚定的承诺。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Linux继续成为开源质量的基准
|
||||
|
||||
通过利用扫描服务，Linux将修复一个新发现的缺陷的时间从122天减少到仅6天！从2008年第一个Coverity扫描报告发布后，扫描过的Linux版本的缺陷密度一直小于1.0。在2013年，Coverity扫描了超过850万行Linux代码并发现缺陷密度为 0.61。
|
||||
|
||||
#### C/C++开发者修复了更多的高风险缺陷
|
||||
|
||||
Coverity分析报告发现贡献于开源Java项目的开发者修复的高风险缺陷的数量没有贡献于开源C/C++项目的开发者修复的多。
|
||||
|
||||
参加扫描服务的Java项目开发者只修复了13%的被指出的资源泄露，而C/C++项目开发者则修复了46%。这一方面可能是因为Java编程社区错误的安全感的原因，这种安全感是因为内建于语言的保护，比如垃圾收集。然而，垃圾收集是不可预测的，而且不能访问系统资源，所以这些项目处于危险之中。
|
||||
|
||||
#### HBase是Java项目的基准
|
||||
|
||||
Coverity分析了100个开源Java项目的超过800万行代码，包括流行的大数据项目Apache Hadoop 2.3 (320,000 行代码)和Apache Cassandra (345,000 行代码)。
|
||||
|
||||
自从在2013年8月加入扫描服务以来，Apache HBase (Hadoop的数据库)修复了超过220个缺陷，其中包括比其他参加扫描服务Java项目更高比例的资源泄露（HBase的缺陷中资源泄露占的比例为66%，而其他项目平均为13%）。
|
||||
|
||||
“如果说软件正在吞食世界，那么开源软件则是带头冲锋，”Coverity的产品高级总监Zack Samocha说，“我们的目标，包括Coverity扫描服务在内是帮助开源软件社区创作高质量的软件。基于这个报告的结果——以及这个日益流行的服务——使用开发测试的开源软件项目继续提升他们软件的质量，这让他们使整个行业更上一层楼。”
|
||||
|
||||
Coverity今天也宣布已经开放了Coverity扫描服务，允许任何对开源软件感兴趣的人查看参与项目的进展。个人现在可以成为项目观察者，这使他们可以跟踪扫描服务中相关开源软件的状态，查看高级数据包括未解决和已修复的缺陷的数目以及缺陷密度。
|
||||
|
||||
“我们看到了请求扫描服务的人数的指数增长，他们仅仅是要监控被发现和被修复的缺陷。在许多情况下，这些人工作于大型的企业组织，那些企业组织在商业项目中使用开源软件，”Samocha补充说。“通过对个人开放扫描服务，我们提升了查看开源项目代码质量的新的可见度，他们的软件供应链中正包含这些项目。”
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.ciol.com/ciol/features/213112/coverity-scan-report-source-software-quality-outpaces-proprietary-code/page/1
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
|
||||
[Translated by zzlyzq]
|
||||
|
||||
如何在CentOS中创建辅域名服务器
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
在[上篇教程][1]里，我们为一个测试域exmample.tst创建了一个主域名服务器（ns1）。在本篇中，我们会在CentOS中使用bind包为相同的域创建一个辅域名服务器（ns2）。
|
||||
@@ -13,7 +11,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 设置主机名 ###
|
||||
|
||||
就像主域名服务器一样，辅域名服务器的主机名也应当是一个合适的正式域名。
|
||||
就像主域名服务器一样，辅域名服务器的主机名也应当是一个完全限定域名（FQDN）。
|
||||
|
||||
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -26,14 +24,14 @@
|
||||
设置之后，可以用下面的命令来查看主机名称。
|
||||
|
||||
# hostname
|
||||
----
|
||||
ns2.example.tst
|
||||
|
||||
> ns2.example.tst
|
||||
|
||||
在进行下面的步骤之前，确保所有三台[3]服务器的主机名称已经被正确设置。
|
||||
在进行下面的步骤之前，确保所有三台服务器的主机名称已经被正确设置。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装软件包 ###
|
||||
|
||||
就像[主服务器][2]一样，配置一台辅域名服务器可以使用chroot或者不用。必须的软件包可以使用yum轻松安装。
|
||||
就像[主服务器][1]一样，配置一台辅域名服务器可以使用chroot或者不用。必须的软件包可以使用yum轻松安装。
|
||||
|
||||
不使用 chroot:
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -45,18 +43,16 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 为区域文件的传输准备配置文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在CentOS中使用bind创建域名服务器后,默认设置允许所有的区域文件被任意服务器同步。安全起见，我们需要配置主域名服务器，只允许它允许辅域名服务器进行同步。
|
||||
在CentOS中使用bind创建域名服务器后，默认设置允许所有的区域文件被任意服务器同步。安全起见，我们需要配置主域名服务器，只允许它允许辅域名服务器进行同步。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. 主域名服务器 ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
不使用chroot：
|
||||
|
||||
# vim /etc/named.conf
|
||||
|
||||
使用chroot：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# vim /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
@@ -65,14 +61,14 @@
|
||||
type master;
|
||||
file "example-fz"; ## 文件example-fz在主域名服务器上 ##
|
||||
allow-update { none; };
|
||||
allow-transfer {172.16.1.4; }; ## 辅域名服务器被允许 ##
|
||||
allow-transfer {172.16.1.4; }; ## 允许辅域名服务器进行传输 ##
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
zone "1.16.172.in-addr.arpa" IN {
|
||||
type master;
|
||||
file "rz-172-16-1"; ##文件rz-172-16-1在主域名服务器上##
|
||||
allow-update { none; };
|
||||
allow-transfer {172.16.1.4; }; ## 辅域名服务器被允许 ##
|
||||
allow-transfer {172.16.1.4; }; ## 允许辅域名服务器进行传输 ##
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. 辅域名服务器 ####
|
||||
@@ -85,7 +81,6 @@
|
||||
|
||||
使用chroot：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zones /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
|
||||
|
||||
当执行完上面的命令进行文件拷贝后，添加下面的内容到刚才那个拷贝后的文件中。
|
||||
@@ -100,7 +95,7 @@
|
||||
type slave; ## 该主机为辅域名服务器 ##
|
||||
file "example-fz"; ## 这个文件会被自动创建 ##
|
||||
//allow-update { none; };
|
||||
allow-transfer {172.16.1.3; }; ## 定义必要时进行传输的主域名服务器 ##
|
||||
allow-transfer {172.16.1.3; }; ## 定义必要时进行从其传输的主域名服务器 ##
|
||||
masters {172.16.1.3; }; ## 定义主域名服务器 ##
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -112,7 +107,7 @@
|
||||
masters {172.16.1.3; };
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
### 结束配置 ###
|
||||
### 结束工作 ###
|
||||
|
||||
为了确保没有权限相关的问题，我们需要做如下调整。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -129,8 +124,7 @@
|
||||
# service named restart
|
||||
# chkconfig named on
|
||||
|
||||
如果不出意外，辅域名服务器应该会向主域名服务器请求一个区域的传输,并且产生自己的/var/named。日志文件/var/log/messages会包含一些named服务
|
||||
的有用信息，包括区域文件传输过程中的信息。
|
||||
如果不出意外，辅域名服务器应该会向主域名服务器请求一个区域的传输，并且产生自己的/var/named目录。日志文件/var/log/messages会包含一些named服务的有用信息，包括区域文件传输过程中的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
### 测试一个辅域名服务器 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -161,15 +155,15 @@
|
||||
|
||||
> exit
|
||||
|
||||
### 排除障碍 ###
|
||||
### 排错提示 ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. 我们无需在辅域名服务器上创建任何区域文件。所有的区域文件都会与主域名服务器进行同步。
|
||||
|
||||
2. 辅域名服务器上的named服务会定期与主服务器进行同步。如果你想来一次及时的同步，可以使用命令"rncd retransfer <FQDN>"。如下：
|
||||
|
||||
# rndc retransfer example.tst
|
||||
# rndc retransfer example.tst
|
||||
|
||||
3. 只有当主服务器上区域文件的serial数字被修改/变大的时候，辅域名服务器才会进行更新。
|
||||
3. 只有当主服务器上区域文件的serial数字被修改变大的时候，辅域名服务器才会进行更新。
|
||||
|
||||
4. 确保用户named可以对文件夹/var/named或者/var/named/chroot/var/named（使用chroot的情况下）进行写操作。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -185,10 +179,8 @@
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/secondary-dns-server-centos.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[zzlyzq](https://github.com/zzlyzq) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[zzlyzq](https://github.com/zzlyzq) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/primary-dns-server-using-centos.html
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/primary-dns-server-using-centos.html
|
||||
[3]:译者注，怎么可能是三呢，我认为应该是二
|
||||
[1]:http://linux.cn/article-3092-1.html
|
||||
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
alim0x translating
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -42,4 +44,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/ubuntu-unity-8-desktop-flavour-discussed
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/client-1410-unity8-desktop-iso
|
||||
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/mir-default-display-server-ubuntu-2016
|
||||
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/mir-default-display-server-ubuntu-2016
|
||||
|
||||
63
sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md
Normal file
63
sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
|
||||
Translating by GOLinux ... Anybody want this?
|
||||
Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
When I last wrote about [reasons to switch to Linux][1], a reader suggested me to write about Linux alternatives of popular Windows applications. After all it is one of the most common concern among Windows users thinking to switch to Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
In an effort to address the same concern, in this article, I have listed photo related applications that could be used for various purposes. It’s not really alternatives to Windows programs but rather a collection of **image related applications in Linux** that could be used for various purposes.
|
||||
|
||||
### Image editing applications in Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
When I say image editing, I mean hardcore professional style photo editing. In other words I am talking about [Photoshop][2]. When it comes to Linux alternative to Adobe Photoshop, there is only one name that comes to mind: [GIMP][3]. GIMP is a cross platform, full featured, professional grade image editing application that comes with almost all the features as Photoshop. Unlike Photoshop, GIMP is free in all platforms such as Linux, Windows, OS X etc.
|
||||
|
||||
You can install GIMP is Ubuntu from Ubuntu Software Center.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are Photoshop addict and have difficulties in adjusting to looks and shortcuts of GIMP, I would recommend [Gimpshop][4]. It’s basically GIMP but made to feel and look like Photoshop. And it’s free as well.
|
||||
|
||||
### Photo management applications in Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
I am talking about applications that handle image library. You can view your images, import them from camera and phones, edit them a little, share them etc. In Windows, we have Windows Photo Viewer. In Linux, [Shotwell][5] is the most popular photo management these days. It is the default applications in various Linux distributions, Ubuntu being one of them. Unlike GIMP, Shotwell is lightweight but offers very basic editing features.
|
||||
|
||||
One good alternative to Shotwell is [gThumb][6].
|
||||
|
||||
### Applications to handle raw camera images in Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
As the price of DSLRs decreases, number of (amateur) photographer increases in same proportion. As many DSLRs use RAW format to save the images, default image viewers like Shotwell won’t be able to handle these images. This is where application like [digiKam][7] comes in picture. An Open Source software, digiKam lets you handle your high end camera images in a professional manner. You can view, manage, edit, enhance, organize, tag, and share photographs with digiKam.
|
||||
|
||||
Another alternative to digiKam is [GTKRawGallery][8] which also focuses on handling camera images.
|
||||
|
||||
### Paint applications in Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you are looking for Linux alternatives to Microsoft [Paint][9], my first choice is Pinta. You can do a little editing such as annotate with text, draw circles etc. You can draw images with pencil, brush and spray. In Ubuntu, Pinta can be installed from Ubuntu Software Center.
|
||||
|
||||
Another alternative to Pinta is [Krita][10] which is more powerful and provides more features. Better than a paint app but not as good as GIMP.
|
||||
|
||||
### Instagram like applications in Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
In the end, lets talk about beautifying your images. We have numerous retro image effects apps on mobile devices but that’s not the case with desktop. To apply Instagram like effects in Linux, I know only [XnRetro][11] which does the work in a neat way. I recommend reading this article to know more about [how to use XnRetro in Ubuntu][12].
|
||||
|
||||
That compiles the list of various type of image applications available in Ubuntu and other Linux distributions. It’s not that this is the complete list of such apps. In fact there are many more. I have just listed the best in each category.
|
||||
|
||||
What you think? Do you use some other application for a particular purpose? Do share your views with us.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/image-applications-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://itsfoss.com/reasons-switch-linux-windows-xp/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.photoshop.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.gimp.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.gimpshop.com/
|
||||
[5]:https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Shotwell
|
||||
[6]:https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/gthumb?action=show&redirect=gthumb
|
||||
[7]:http://www.digikam.org/
|
||||
[8]:http://gtkrawgallery.sourceforge.net/src/en/home.html
|
||||
[9]:http://pinta-project.com/
|
||||
[10]:http://krita.org/index.php
|
||||
[11]:http://www.xnview.com/en/xnretro/
|
||||
[12]:http://itsfoss.com/add-instagram-effects-xnretro-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
[小冰在此]
|
||||
Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying—Thankfully
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Roy Rubin, co-founder of the popular [Magento][1] open-source project, [announced this week][2] he is bowing out of the project he helped launch back in 2008.
|
||||
@@ -53,4 +54,4 @@ via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/02/open-source-magento-roy-rubin-bdfl#feed=/ha
|
||||
[6]:http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/01/on-the-reign-of-benevolent-dictators-for-life-in-software/283139/
|
||||
[7]:http://hadoop.apache.org/who.html
|
||||
[8]:http://activity.openstack.org/dash/releases/
|
||||
[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/friprog/
|
||||
[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/friprog/
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
[小冰在此]
|
||||
Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -32,4 +33,4 @@ via: http://ostatic.com/blog/pros-secrets-and-red-hat-7-and-pclinuxos-2014-05-re
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Linux-Pros-Top-Command-Line-Secrets-80437.html
|
||||
[2]:http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20140512#feature
|
||||
[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/hands-on-with-pclinuxos-2014-05-kde-and-lxde-the-linux-with-something-for-everyone-7000029297/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.zdnet.com/testing-ubuntu-debian-and-lmde-on-my-new-notebook-7000029202/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.zdnet.com/testing-ubuntu-debian-and-lmde-on-my-new-notebook-7000029202/
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
|
||||
TechView: Linus Torvalds, Inventor of Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> TechView is a new part of TechScape featuring exclusive interviews and long-running conversations with Technology glitterati about all things Technology.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Our first conversation is with [Linus Torvalds][1] the legendary inventor of Linux and founder of the Open Source crusade. Torvalds was born in Helsinki, Finland the grandson of poet Ole Torvalds. Though he prefers to tell people he was named after the "Peanuts" character, the truth is he was named after Linus Pauling, two-time Nobel Prize-winner. His computer experience began with a Commodore, moved to a Sinclair and an IBM 386. He initially used a Minix OS which he swapped with his own Linux OS. Torvalds is married to wife, Tove, a six-time Finnish national karate champion, they have three daughters and live in San Jose, California.
|
||||
|
||||
**TechView (TV)**: What excites you in Technology today?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I'm pretty much an "eyes on the ground in front of you" kind of guy, so I get excited by actual new pieces of technology rather than some more fluffy "big trends".
|
||||
|
||||
I love following what the hardware companies do, their newest chips, and what probably motivates me the most (since I'm a software person, after all) is people who come up with new algorithms and software to take advantage of all those new capabilities.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: What really pisses you off in Technology today? How and why does it make you angry?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I wouldn't say it makes me angry, but if there's something distasteful in the tech market, it's the glorification of the most visible "leaders".
|
||||
|
||||
That very much includes me, btw. I think the whole "cult of personality" is pretty disturbing, and I hate how people take me and what I say too seriously. The same goes for Jobs, Ellison, Gates, you name it. I wish more people thought for themselves, and realized that the technology actually flows from all those random anonymous great engineers that are all around.
|
||||
|
||||
I understand that people want and need a focus, and that it doesn't just happen in technology either (hey, I sure hope it happens less in technology than it happens in the entertainment industry ;), but it's still a bit sad.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: How was it that you missed capturing "the licensing opportunity of a lifetime" but others such as Red Hat, SuSE, etc. didn't? Was this because if Linux wasn't Open Source it never would've been Linux? Tell me more about this and whether you've ever been kicking yourself over it.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: I'm definitely not kicking myself over anything. I'm in the enviable position that I get to do what I love to do, and people respect me for it, and I'm even paid to do things that I would (and did) do for free!
|
||||
|
||||
I think very few people get to feel like they have actually made a difference, and let me tell you, it's a good feeling to have. I was never very interested in the commercial side, and to me the people and companies who were able to take Linux and use it commercially are the people who did what I simply would never have had the drive to do. And it was needed, and useful, so I'm actually very grateful for the commercial entities: they've allowed me to concentrate on the parts I enjoy.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: Who do you respect in Technology today and why?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: Heh. See my answer ranting against that whole "cult of personality". I'm just not all that impressed by the whole "let's find a person and put him on a pedestal" thing.
|
||||
|
||||
So rather than name individuals, I'd be much happier to point to things like the EFF - the organizations (and sometimes just the notions and ideas) that try to not necessarily improve just their own lot in life, but try to do something concrete to help make technology work better in a bigger picture.
|
||||
|
||||
On an individual level, I tend to like people who don't take themselves too seriously, and play well at what they do. If I had to pick some well-known individual, I think the Steve Wozniak kind of person is the kind that I'd prefer to be, and I guess that makes me respect him.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: What happens in your estimation between Google and Microsoft when it's all been said and done? Why does the winner win?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I don't think the winner is nearly as interesting as the process of it happening.
|
||||
|
||||
In the whole Google vs. MS, I really don't think the companies themselves are as interesting as the changes in the technology environment that made the focus shift. It shifted from the company that controlled what happened on individual machines, to a company that is much more about the aggregate of tons of individual machines.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: Why do you think the Tech Wreck, Dot-Com Debacle and Telecom Meltdown occurred? How can we prevent a repeat in the future?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: Actually, I'm going to be contrarian on that, and argue that there's no reason to "prevent a repeat".
|
||||
|
||||
I'm a big believer in pushing the envelope, and I'm not a huge believer in trying to be entirely stable and 100% "sane".
|
||||
|
||||
A lot of real development happens in spurts, and as part of what later is called "hype" and other unflattering things. But the thing is, trying too hard to be sane and boring and not doing stupid things is actually
|
||||
counter-productive.
|
||||
|
||||
I personally think the stable development model is not one of continual incremental improvements, but a succession of overshooting and crashing.
|
||||
|
||||
The gradual incremental improvement may often look like the better strategy, but if you don't overshoot and crash occasionally, how do you ever know that you're actually ever pushing the envelope at all?
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: How will Technology change our lives in the future? Would you work with any other leaders in other sectors to create new technologies, Bioinformatics, for instance?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: My personal theory is that technology doesn't change our lives nearly as much as we tend to build our technology to suit our lives.
|
||||
|
||||
Which is why you don't see flying cars etc favorite staples of science fiction - but instead see technology being used to lower the transaction costs of things that existed before but where it just wasn't practical
|
||||
before to do them on a bigger scale or individually tailored (except, sometimes, for the insanely rich).
|
||||
|
||||
So technology seldom directly changes our lives per se - although it often means that lots more people have access to things that used to be rare, or only limited to the insanely rich.
|
||||
|
||||
The real changes come about when something gets so cheap and ubiquitous that that just causes you to behave differently. And in many ways, those behavioural changes are more interesting than the technology itself.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, the one thing that the internet really did was to lower the "transaction cost" of finding and communicating with other people who shared your interests, and I think a lot of the real changes flowed from how people change their habits when it's easy to find other people who are interested in the same things without having to really even go to much effort.
|
||||
|
||||
So you find all these specialty interest groups, and a lot of people spending a lot of time discussing the most esoteric issues that they just happen to find interesting - things that you simply couldn't necessarily
|
||||
practically do before, because it was really hard to find and talk to people who were interested in some unusual speciality.
|
||||
|
||||
And I think that's how lives really change - not really because of any new technological whiz-bang feature, but because a totally unintentional side effect of technology lowering the incremental costs.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: Who in your estimation are the most important people in Technology today?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I think it's a bit telling how a lot of technology is driven no longer by military or even commercial needs, but by the consumer market. I also think that a lot of the totally idiotic things that companies seem to be doing (DRM in particular) seem to be overlooking that the most important person for any technology always ends up being the "user".
|
||||
|
||||
So I think the answer to your question as far as I'm concerned is the "user" aka "consumer", and that it's the most important part exactly because THAT is where the needs and the actual commercial successes will stem from.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: What are some of your personal views? Religion? Politics?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I'm completely a-religious--atheist. I find that people seem to think religion brings morals and appreciation of nature. I actually think it detracts from both. It gives people the excuse to say, 'Oh, nature was just created,' and so the act of creation is seen to be something miraculous. I appreciate the fact that, 'Wow, it's incredible that something like this could have happened in the first place.' Yeah, it's kind of ironic that in many European countries, there is actually a kind of legal binding between the state and the state religion.
|
||||
|
||||
I became a United States citizen and I'm registered to vote in the United States. I don't support any political party because I have way too much personal pride to want to be associated with any of them, quite frankly.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: Kiitos Linus!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/billrobinson/techview-linus-torvalds-i_b_5338844.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds
|
||||
[2]:
|
||||
[3]:
|
||||
[4]:
|
||||
[5]:
|
||||
[6]:
|
||||
[7]:
|
||||
[8]:
|
||||
[9]:
|
||||
[10]:
|
||||
[11]:
|
||||
[12]:
|
||||
[13]:
|
||||
[14]:
|
||||
[15]:
|
||||
[16]:
|
||||
[17]:
|
||||
[18]:
|
||||
[19]:
|
||||
[20]:
|
||||
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
[小冰在此]
|
||||
The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -56,4 +57,4 @@ via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/21/open-source-witch-hunt-mozilla-openstack-re
|
||||
[2]:http://readwrite.com/2014/05/16/red-hat-openstack-mirantis-rhel-support
|
||||
[3]:http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-condemns-partnership-between-mozilla-and-adobe-to-support-digital-restrictions-management
|
||||
[4]:https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/05/mozilla-and-drm
|
||||
[5]:https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/05/14/drm-and-the-challenge-of-serving-users/
|
||||
[5]:https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/05/14/drm-and-the-challenge-of-serving-users/
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
linuhap翻译中
|
||||
Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -31,4 +32,4 @@ via: http://thevarguy.com/ubuntu/052214/ubuntu-linux-community-manager-jono-baco
|
||||
[5]:http://markshuttleworth.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://thevarguy.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-software-store-will-your-kids-try-it
|
||||
[7]:http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/tensions-between-ubuntu-fedora-mount-over-new-website
|
||||
[8]:http://thevarguy.com/var-guy/controversy-erupts-over-amazon-search-ubuntu-1210
|
||||
[8]:http://thevarguy.com/var-guy/controversy-erupts-over-amazon-search-ubuntu-1210
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
|
||||
disylee占个坑，周末做2014/5/22
|
||||
Linux Terminal: Dstat monitoring tools
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Dstat is a versatile replacement for vmstat, iostat, netstat and ifstat. Dstat overcomes some of their limitations and adds some extra features, more counters and flexibility. Dstat is handy for monitoring systems during performance tuning tests, benchmarks or troubleshooting.
|
||||
|
||||
Dstat allows you to view all of your system resources in real-time, you can eg. compare disk utilization in combination with interrupts from your IDE controller, or compare the [network bandwidth][1] numbers directly with the disk throughput (in the same interval).
|
||||
|
||||
Dstat gives you detailed selective information in columns and clearly indicates in what magnitude and unit the output is displayed. Less confusion, less mistakes. And most importantly, it makes it very easy to write plugins to collect your own counters and extend in ways you never expected.
|
||||
|
||||
Dstat’s output by default is designed for being interpreted by humans in real-time, however you can export details to CSV output to a file to be imported later into Gnumeric or Excel to generate graphs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Features ###
|
||||
|
||||
- Combines vmstat, iostat, ifstat, netstat information and more
|
||||
- Shows stats in exactly the same timeframe
|
||||
- Enable/order counters as they make most sense during analysis/troubleshooting
|
||||
- Modular design
|
||||
- Written in python so easily extendable for the task at hand
|
||||
- Easy to extend, add your own counters (please contribute those)
|
||||
- Includes many external plugins to show how easy it is to add counters
|
||||
- Can summarize grouped block/network devices and give total numbers
|
||||
- Can show interrupts per device
|
||||
- Very accurate timeframes, no timeshifts when system is stressed
|
||||
- Shows exact units and limits conversion mistakes
|
||||
- Indicate different units with different colors
|
||||
- Show intermediate results when delay > 1
|
||||
- Allows to export CSV output, which can be imported in Gnumeric and Excel to make graphs
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation ###
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu/Mint and Debian:
|
||||
The package it’s available on the repository, so you can easily install it with the command:
|
||||
|
||||
# sudo apt-get install dstat
|
||||
|
||||
RHEL/Centos and Fedora:
|
||||
|
||||
The package it’s available in the rpmforge repository, so you can add it, see [this guide][2], and after that install it easily with the command:
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install dstat
|
||||
|
||||
ArchLinux:
|
||||
The package it’s available in the community repository, so it can be easily installed with the command:
|
||||
|
||||
# pacman -S dstat
|
||||
|
||||
### Usage ###
|
||||
|
||||
The basic usage of dstat it’s just the command dstat that produces an output like this one:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The default will show you these information:
|
||||
|
||||
**CPU stats**: What percentage of the CPU is in use. The more interesting sections of this report are user, system, and idle, which should break down most of the current CPU use. If you see high CPU use in the “wait” column there might be a problem elsewhere in the system. When a cpu “waits” it’s because it’s expecting a response from an I/O device (like memory, disk, or network) and hasn’t received it yet.
|
||||
|
||||
**Disk stats**: Read and write activity to disks, this is the total for all of your disks.
|
||||
|
||||
**Net stats**: Data sent and received on network devices, this is the total of all of your network devices.
|
||||
|
||||
**Paging stats**: Paging activity on the system. Paging refers to a memory management technique used behind the scenes on your system. A high level of paging can indicate that the system is using a lot of swap space, or it could mean that memory is very fragmented, in general you want to see 0 0 for pages/in page/out.
|
||||
|
||||
**System stats**: This shows interrupts (int) and context switches (csw). These stats are usually only useful if you have a baseline to compare them to. Higher stats in these columns usually indicate a large number of processes jostling for the CPU’s attention. Since your server is likely running many processes by default, there will always be some numbers there.
|
||||
|
||||
By default dstat reports new figures every second. To quit dstat you can use “control-C”.
|
||||
Note that the first line of the report is typically going to show nothing for all stats.
|
||||
That’s because dstat operates by summarizing what it saw since its last report. When it first runs there’s no data to average or sum.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s possible to control the delay between reports and the number of reports dstat will output in a run by passing 2 options. As example if you want dstat to run with default stats, wait 3 seconds between reports, and only report 10 results, you could run:
|
||||
|
||||
dstat 3 10
|
||||
|
||||
In dstat there are a lot of options, you can see all with the command man dstat, some of the most useful parameters are:
|
||||
|
||||
- -l = shows load statistics
|
||||
- -m = shows the memory usage (used, buffer, cache, free)
|
||||
- -r = displays I/O statistics,
|
||||
- -s = shows the swap usage
|
||||
- -t = puts the current time in the first column
|
||||
- –fs = displays file system stats (includes amount of files and used inodes)
|
||||
- –nocolor = sometimes very useful…
|
||||
- –socket = shows interesting network statistics
|
||||
- –tcp = displays common TCP stats
|
||||
- –udp = shows you the listen and active figures for the UDP usage
|
||||
|
||||
And that’s not all, dstat ships with a number of **plugins** that extend its capabilities greatly. It’s possible to check the directory /usr/share/dstat in order to view a list of them. Some of the most useful are:
|
||||
|
||||
- –disk-util = shows how much the disks are busy at the moment
|
||||
- –freespace = shows the current disk usage
|
||||
- –proc-count = displays the number of running processes
|
||||
- –top-bio = points to the most expensive block I/O process
|
||||
- –top-cpu = draws the attention on the most expensive CPU process
|
||||
- –top-io = shows the most expensive “normal” I/O process
|
||||
- –top-mem = displays the process using the most memory
|
||||
|
||||
Some examples:
|
||||
|
||||
To see who is eating all the memory:
|
||||
|
||||
dstat -g -l -m -s --top-mem
|
||||
|
||||
To shows some stats about the CPU resource consumption:
|
||||
|
||||
dstat -c -y -l --proc-count --top-cpu
|
||||
|
||||
#### How to send to a csv file ####
|
||||
|
||||
To send the output to a csv file for later use we can issue the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
# dstat –output /tmp/sampleoutput.csv -cdn
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/linux-terminal-dstat-monitoring-tools
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network
|
||||
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-enable-rpmforge-repository-in-rhel-centos-6-5-4/
|
||||
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
#Translating by shipsw#
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation
|
||||
===================================
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -345,4 +347,4 @@ via: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation
|
||||
[4]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/humpolec/+filebug
|
||||
[5]:https://code.launchpad.net/humpolec
|
||||
[6]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SuperUser
|
||||
[7]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CyanogenMod
|
||||
[7]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CyanogenMod
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
|
||||
关于Linux Shell脚本的10个有用的“面试问题和解答”
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
首先致上每日问候。Linux的浩瀚无垠，使人总能每次都提交与众不同的内容。我们“**The-Tecmint-Team**”的工作是给我们的读者提供一些独特的内容，这些内容不仅对他们的职业生涯很有用，同时也让他们增长知识。在此，我们就尝试这么去做，至于能取得多大的成功，就由我们的读者朋友们来判断吧。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我们为各类用户提供了关于**Shell脚本**语言和**面试问题**的很多教程，可以访问以下链接去阅读这些文章。
|
||||
- [Shell脚本系列][1]
|
||||
- [面试问题与解答系列][2]
|
||||
|
||||
在此，作为shell脚本的附加内容，在本文中我们将从面试的角度解读与Linux Shell相关的问题。
|
||||
#### 1. 在shell脚本成功执行后，你怎么退出脚本？ ####
|
||||
> **解答**：我们需要使用‘exit’命令来实现以上描述的情境。但‘exit’命令被强制输出非0值，脚本会报错并退出。在Unix环境下的shell脚本中，0值表示成功执行。因此，在脚本终止前赋予一个不带引号的‘exit -1’命令将使脚本退出。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，创建以下一个名为“**anything.sh**”的脚本。
|
||||
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
echo "Hello"
|
||||
exit -1
|
||||
echo "bye"
|
||||
|
||||
保存文件并执行。
|
||||
|
||||
# sh anything.sh
|
||||
|
||||
Hello
|
||||
exit.sh: 3: exit: Illegal number: -1
|
||||
|
||||
从上面的脚本中可以清楚地看到，在exit -1命令前，脚本执行得很好。
|
||||
#### 2. 如何使用Linux命令来移除文件头？ ####
|
||||
> **解答**：当我们需要删除文件中的指定行时，‘sed’命令可以用来解决该问题。
|
||||
这个是用来删除文件头（文件的首行）的确切命令。
|
||||
|
||||
# sed '1 d' file.txt
|
||||
|
||||
上面命令的问题是，它会在标准输出设备上输出不带首行的文件内容。为了保存输出到文件，我们需要使用重定向操作符，它将帮助你将输出重定向到文件。
|
||||
|
||||
# sed '1 d' file.txt > new_file.txt
|
||||
|
||||
好吧，其实**sed**命令内建的‘**-i**’开关就可以干这活，就不需要重定向符了吧。
|
||||
|
||||
# sed -i '1 d' file.txt
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. 你怎么检查一个文本文件中某一行的长度？ ####
|
||||
> **解答**：‘sed’命令也可以用来查找文本文件中的某一行或者检查其长度。
|
||||
‘**sed -n ‘n p’ file.txt**’可以解决，这里‘**n**’表示行号，‘**p**’打印出模式空间（到标准输出），该命令通常与**-n**命令行选项连用。那么，怎样来获取长度计数呢？很明显，我们需要通过管道输出给‘**wc**’命令来计算。
|
||||
|
||||
# sed –n 'n p' file.txt | wc –c
|
||||
|
||||
To get the length of line number ’5′ in the text file ‘**tecmint.txt**‘, we need to run.
|
||||
|
||||
# sed -n '5 p' tecmint.txt | wc -c
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4. 可以在Linux系统上查看到所有非打印字符吗？你是怎么做到的？ ####
|
||||
> **解答**：可以。可以在Linux中查看所有的非打印字符。要实现上面所讲的方案，我们需要‘vi’编辑器的帮助。
|
||||
怎样在‘**vi**’编辑器中显示非打印字符？
|
||||
|
||||
- 打开vi编辑器。
|
||||
- 先按[esc]键，然后按‘：’进入到vi编辑器的命令模式。
|
||||
- 最后，从‘vi’编辑器的命令界面输入[set list]命令并执行。
|
||||
|
||||
**注**: 这种方式可以查看文本文件中的所有非打印字符，包括**ctrl+m（^M）**。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. 假如你是一个员工组的团队领导，为xyz公司工作。公司要求你创建一个‘dir_xyz’目录，让该组成员都能在该目录下创建或访问文件，但是除了文件创建者不能删除文件，你会怎么做？ ####
|
||||
> **解答**：这真是个有趣的工作方案。好吧，上面所讲的方案，我们需要通过下面的步骤来实施，这简直就是小菜一碟。
|
||||
|
||||
# mkdir dir_xyz
|
||||
# chmod g+wx dir_xyz
|
||||
# chmod +t dir_xyz
|
||||
|
||||
第一行命令创建了一个目录（**dir_xyz**），上面的第二行命令让组（g）具有‘写’和‘执行’的权限，而上面的最后一行命令——权限位最后的‘+t’是‘粘滞位’，它用来替换‘x’，表明在这个目录中，文件只能被它们的拥有者、目录的拥有者或者是超级用户root删除。
|
||||
#### 6. 你能告诉我一个Linux进程经历的各个阶段吗？ ####
|
||||
> **解答**：一个Linux进程在它的处理生活中，通常经历了四个主要阶段。
|
||||
这里是Linux进程要经历的四个阶段。
|
||||
|
||||
- 等待：Linux进程等待资源。
|
||||
- 运行：Linux进程当前正在执行中。
|
||||
- 停止：Linux进程在成功执行或收到杀死进程信号后停止。
|
||||
- 僵尸：当一个进程被称为‘僵尸’，如果该进程已经结束，那么它会仍然活动在进程表中。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7. Linux中cut命令怎么用？ ####
|
||||
> **解答**：‘cut’是一个很有用的Linux命令，当我们要截取文件的指定部分并打印到标准输出，当文本区域以及文件本身很大时，该命令被证明对操作很有帮助。
|
||||
例如，截取‘**txt_tecmint**’文件的前10列。
|
||||
|
||||
# cut -c1-10 txt_tecmint
|
||||
|
||||
要截取该文件中的第二，第五和第七列。
|
||||
|
||||
# cut -d;-f2 -f5 -f7 txt_tecmint
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8. ‘cmp’和‘diff’命令的区别是什么？ ####
|
||||
> **解答**：‘cmp’和‘diff’命令用来获取相同的东西，但各有侧重。
|
||||
‘**diff**’命令对文件的修改，所以这两个文件看起来相同。而‘**cmp**’命令将两个文件逐字节对比，并报告第一个不匹配的项。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9. 可以用‘echo’命令来替换‘ls’命令吗？ ####
|
||||
> **解答**：可以的。‘ls’命令可以用‘echo’命令来替代。‘ls’命令列出文件内容，从替换上述命令的角度讲，我们可以使用‘echo *’，很明显不需要引号，两个命令的输出完全一样。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10. 你可能听过inode吧。你能简要描述一下inode吗？ ####
|
||||
> **解答**：‘inode’是一个‘数据结构’，在Linux上用于文件标识。每个文件在Unix系统上有一个独立的‘inode’和一个‘唯一的’inode号。
|
||||
|
||||
到此为止吧。在下一篇文章中，我们将讨论另外一些有趣味性而又有知识性的面试问题。到那时，别跑开，请上Tecmint.com，别忘了在下面的评论部分给我们提供一些有价值的反馈哦。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/interview-questions-on-shell-scripting/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/bash-shell/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/interview-questions/
|
||||
[3]:
|
||||
[4]:
|
||||
[5]:
|
||||
[6]:
|
||||
[7]:
|
||||
[8]:
|
||||
[9]:
|
||||
[10]:
|
||||
[11]:
|
||||
[12]:
|
||||
[13]:
|
||||
[14]:
|
||||
[15]:
|
||||
[16]:
|
||||
[17]:
|
||||
[18]:
|
||||
[19]:
|
||||
[20]:
|
||||
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Coverity扫描报告首次发现开源软件质量超过专有软件
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Coverity开启了免费开发服务，允许任何对开源软件质量感兴趣的人查看项目**
|
||||
|
||||
特点 | CIOL Bureau
|
||||
|
||||
来自美国山景城（加州）的消息：Coverity公司（新思科技公司的一个子公司）发布了2013年Coverity扫描开源软件报告。
|
||||
|
||||
经过Coverity扫描服务以及按照Coverity开发测试平台的商业惯例，报告中详细说明了关于7.5亿行开源软件代码的分析，这是至今报告研究的最大的样本量。
|
||||
|
||||
在2013年Coverity扫描报告中，他们分析了超过700个C/C++开源项目和一个匿名的企业项目的样本。另外，报告中还强调了几个流行的开源Java项目的分析结果，这些项目从2013年3月就加入了扫描服务。
|
||||
|
||||
Coverity扫描开源项目报告成为了一个衡量开放源代码质量状态的广泛接受的标准。在过去8年时间里，Coverity扫描服务分析了超过1500个开源项目的数亿行代码——其中包括的C/C++项目中有NetBSD, FreeBSD，LibreOffice和Linux等，Java项目中有Apache Hadoop，HBase以及Cassandra等。
|
||||
|
||||
自2006年已来，扫描服务帮助开发者发现和修复了超过94,000缺陷。近50,000缺陷是仅在2013年一年修复的——这是扫描服务的用户在一年中修复缺陷的最大数量。在这些缺陷中，其中有超过11,000的缺陷修复于服务中四个最大的项目：NetBSD，FreeBSD，LibreOffice和Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2013年报告中关键发现包括： ###
|
||||
|
||||
* C/C++项目中开源软件代码质量超过专有软件。缺陷密度（每1,000行软件代码所含的缺陷）是一个通用的测量软件质量的方法，缺陷密度1.0被认为是高质量软件的公认的行业标准。
|
||||
|
||||
Coverity的分析中发现，扫描服务中的开源的C/C++项目的平均缺陷密度为 .59，而为企业项目开发的专有C/C++代码的缺陷密度为 .72。在2013年，在所有不同大小的代码库中，扫描服务中的开源项目的代码质量超过专有项目，这进一步强调了开源社区开发测试的坚定的承诺。
|
||||
|
||||
* Linux继续成为开源质量的基准。通过利用扫描服务，Linux将修复一个新发现的缺陷的时间从122天减少到仅6天。从2008年第一个Coverity扫描报告发布后，扫描过的Linux版本的缺陷密度一直小于1.0。在2013年，Coverity扫描了超过850万行Linux代码并发现缺陷密度为 .61。
|
||||
|
||||
* C/C++开发者修复了更多的高风险缺陷。Coverity分析报告发现贡献于开源Java项目的开发者修复的高风险缺陷的数量没有贡献于开源C/C++项目的开发者修复的多。
|
||||
|
||||
参加扫描服务的Java项目开发者只修复了百分之13的经鉴定的资源泄露，而C/C++项目开发者修复了百分之46。这一方面可能是因为Java编程社区错误的安全感的原因，这种安全感是因为内建于语言的保护，比如垃圾收集。然而，垃圾收集不可预测的而且不能访问系统资源，所以这些项目处于危险之中。
|
||||
|
||||
* HBase是Java项目的基准。 Coverity分析了100个开源Java项目的超过800万行代码，包括流行的大数据项目Apache Hadoop 2.3 (320,000 行代码)和Apache Cassandra (345,000 行代码)。
|
||||
|
||||
自从在2013年8月加入扫描服务以来，Apache HBase——Hadoop的数据库——修复了超过220个缺陷，其中包括比其他参加扫描服务Java项目更高比例的资源泄露（HBase的缺陷中资源泄露占的比例为66%，而其他项目平均为13%）。
|
||||
|
||||
“如果说软件正在吞食世界，那么开源软件则是带头冲锋，”Coverity的产品高级总监Zack Samocha说，“我们的目标，包括Coverity扫描服务在内是帮助开源软件社区创作高质量的软件。基于这个报告的结果——以及这个日益流行的服务——使用开发测试的开源软件项目继续提升他们软件的质量，这让他们使整个行业更上一层楼。”
|
||||
|
||||
Coverity今天也宣布已经开放了Coverity扫描服务，允许任何对开源软件感兴趣的人查看参与项目的进展。个人现在可以成为项目观察者，这使他们可以跟踪扫描服务中相关开源软件的状态，查看高级数据包括未解决和已修复的缺陷的数目以及缺陷密度。
|
||||
|
||||
“我们看到了请求扫描服务的人数的指数增长，他们仅仅是要监控被发现和被修复的缺陷。在许多情况下，这些人工作于大型的企业组织，那些企业组织在商业项目中使用开源软件，”Samocha补充说。“通过对个人开放扫描服务，我们提升了查看开源项目代码质量的新的可见度，他们的软件供应链中正包含这些项目。”
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.ciol.com/ciol/features/213112/coverity-scan-report-source-software-quality-outpaces-proprietary-code/page/1
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
104
translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md
Normal file
104
translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
|
||||
技术视点：李纳斯·托沃兹，Linux的缔造者
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> 技术视点是技术视角（TechScape）的一个新的组成部分，其特色是与科技界的上层人士进行独家采访和长时间谈话，探讨科技动态。
|
||||
> 我们的第一个谈话对象是[李纳斯·托沃兹][1]，Linux的传奇缔造者以及开源改革先驱。托沃兹生于芬兰的赫尔辛基，是诗人奥尔·托沃兹的孙子。尽管他更喜欢告诉人们，他的名字来自于“花生”里角色，但事实是他是以李纳斯·鲍林——两次诺贝尔奖获得者的名字来命名的。他的计算机经历是从康懋达公司的一台Amiga 500计算机上开始的，搬到辛克莱尔后又换到了IBM的386上。刚开始，他使用的是Minix操作系统，后来在该系统上衍生出了他自己的Linux操作系统。托沃兹和他的妻子托芙——六次芬兰全国空手道冠军结婚了，婚后他们定居在加利佛尼亚的圣何塞，育有三个女儿。
|
||||
|
||||
**技术视点（TV）**：在当今科技中，什么令你感兴趣？
|
||||
|
||||
**托沃兹**：我差不多是个“鼠目寸光”的家伙，所以相对于那些更空洞的“大潮流”，我对实在的新的零散的技术更感兴趣。
|
||||
我喜欢跟踪公司生产的新硬件，它们最新的芯片，而可能最能激励我的是（因为毕竟我是个做软件的）那些提出新的算法并开发新的软件来利用这些新功能的人。
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**：那在当今科技中，什么真正让你感到生气？它怎么会让你生气，以及为什么让你生气？
|
||||
|
||||
**托沃兹**：我不会用生气这个词，但是如果真要说技术市场中有什么让人反感的，那就是对那些最令人瞩目的“领袖”们的赞美。
|
||||
|
||||
这里，当然也包括我。我认为，整个的“个人崇拜”相当令人不安。而且，我很痛恨把我以及我所说的话看得太重。对于乔布斯，埃里森，盖茨，凡是你说得出的人来讲也一样。我希望更多的人能自己思考，并且意识到技术实际上来自遍布全球的那些默默无闻的伟大的工程师中的一员。
|
||||
|
||||
我理解人们想要并且需要一个焦点，而这种事也不仅仅发生在技术世界中（嘿，毫无疑问，我希望这事在技术世界中要发生得比娱乐行业来得少；）但是，这事仍然有点令人沮丧。
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**：你是怎么错过“申请终身许可证的机会”，而其它像Red Hat，SuSE等等却抓住了这个机会？这是因为如果Linux不开源，它就不是Linux了？你能谈谈更多情况吗？你是否在此事上有点自甘堕落了？
|
||||
|
||||
**托沃兹**：我当然不会因为任何事情自甘堕落。我有着令人羡慕的地位，我能干我喜欢的事情。而且，人们因此而尊重我。况且，我想要做的（而我已经做了）无偿工作也获得了酬劳。
|
||||
我想，很少有人会感觉到他们实际上已经有所不同，那么让我来告诉你吧，这种感觉真不错。对于商业方面，我从来都不感兴趣。而且，对我来说，那些可以采用Linux并把它商用的人和公司只是做了我从没有动力做的事情。而这项工作需要人做，也很有益。因此，事实上我很感谢那些商业实体：它们让我集中精力干我想干的那部分事情。
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**：在当今的科技界，哪位是你尊敬的人？为什么？
|
||||
|
||||
**托沃兹**：嗨！看看我对于整个“个人崇拜”的控诉吧。我只是并不对那种“让我们找个人并把他置于令人尊敬的地位上”的事情印象深刻。
|
||||
|
||||
所以，与其个人扬名，我更高兴去做像EFF这样的事情，这些组织（有时候只是观念和想法）不是要试着去穷其一生提升他们自己，而是试着去做一些实质性的事情来给予帮助，让技术工作在一个更大的蓝图中变得更好。
|
||||
|
||||
在个人层面上，我更喜欢那些不把他们太当一回事而又在他们的本质工作上干得很好的人。如果一定要我说一些知名人士，我想我更愿意成为斯蒂芬·沃兹尼克那样的人，而这也是我尊敬他的原因。
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**：照你估计，当谷歌和微软都实现了各自的诺言，他们之间会发生什么？胜者又为什么会胜出？
|
||||
|
||||
**托沃兹**：我不认为获胜的结果会和获胜的过程一样有趣。
|
||||
在整个谷歌和微软的竞争中，我真的不认为公司本身比改变技术环境来转移人们的视线更有趣。焦点从一个控制发生在单台机器上的公司转移到了更多关注整合大量独立机器的公司。
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**：为什么你会认为像科技灾难，互联网泡沫崩溃以及电信业崩盘这样的事会发生？我们在今后怎样来防止它们再发生？
|
||||
|
||||
**托沃兹**：实际上，我对此类事情持相反的看法，并且没有理由去“阻止它们反复”。
|
||||
|
||||
我是坚信超越极限，但是我不太相信会完全稳定，而且百分百“正常”。
|
||||
|
||||
大量真正的进展在井喷似的发生，而后来成了被称为“夸大宣传”以及其它不讨好的事情的一部分。但事情是，做了一些太难理解而且无聊的事情，而没有做些蠢事，这实在是事与愿违。
|
||||
我个人认为，稳定开发模型不是持续的增量改进，而是一连串的反应过度和崩溃。
|
||||
渐进增量改进常常可能看起来是更好的策略，但是如果你不是偶然地反应过度和崩溃，你又怎么知道你实际上是在超越极限呢？
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**：技术在将来会怎样改变我们的生活？你会和其它部门的领袖们一起创建新技术吗，比如生物信息学？
|
||||
|
||||
**托沃兹**：我个人的理论是，技术对我们的生活的改变没有我们构建技术来适应我们的生活来得多。
|
||||
|
||||
这就是为什么你看不到飞行汽车等喜爱的装订本科幻小说中的的东西——但是相反，你却看到了利用技术来降低交易成本这类此前就存在的事情，但此前不能大规模应用或者量身定制（除了有时候是为了那些富得冒油的做）。
|
||||
|
||||
因此，技术很少直接改变我们的生活本身——虽然它往往意味着更多的人能获得那些以前是罕见的或只限于暴富者的东西。
|
||||
真正的改变发生在当某些事物变得如此廉价并且遍地都是让你行为变得大不相同的时候。而在不同方面，这些行为上的改变要比技术本身来得更有趣。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，互联网做真正做的一件事是让你寻找并与志趣相投的人交流的成本更低。而且，我认为大量的真正的改变正是从人们无需付出太多努力就能找到其他和你对同一事物有相同兴趣的人的时候，他们的习惯因此而改变中得以体现。
|
||||
因此，你发现了所有的这些专业兴趣小组，以及许多人正在花大量时间讨论最神秘的问题，这些问题他们刚刚发现很有趣——这些事，你在之前不一定能实际去做的，因为那时真的很难找到和你在某些不同寻常的专业上志趣相投人并进行讨论。
|
||||
|
||||
而我认为那是生活真正改变的方式——而不是因为任何新技术的出色的特性，而是因为完全是技术降低增量成本后的无意的副作用。
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**：据你估计，当今科技界谁是举足轻重的人物？
|
||||
|
||||
**托沃兹**：我想大量的技术怎么会是由消费市场推动，而不再是由军方或甚至是商业需求推动这一点很说明问题。我也常常认为公司正在做的许多貌似愚蠢的事情（特别是DRM）似乎正忽略了一个事实：任何技术上最重要的人，他也最终总是个“用户”。
|
||||
|
||||
因此，就我而言，我认为你的问题的答案是“用户”，或者叫“消费者”，而那个确实是最重要的部分，因为那个正是需求和实际商业成功的根源。
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**：请谈一些你个人的观点,比如宗教？政治？
|
||||
|
||||
**托沃兹**：我完全是一个宗教——无神论者。我发现人们似乎认为宗教带给人道德和感激自然的情感。事实上我认为，它反而把这两方面都削弱了。它给人们理由来说“哦，自然刚被创立”，以及创世行为是神奇的事情。我欣赏此事实“哇，真让人难以置信，竟然首先发生了这样的事情。”是啊，这是种讽刺。在许多欧洲国家，事实上国家和国家宗教之间具有法律约束力。
|
||||
|
||||
我成了一位美国公民，并且我注册取得了在美国的投票权。我不支持任何政党，因为相当坦率地说，我有太多个人引以为豪的东西，不想和他们中的任何人有什么关联。
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**：谢谢，李纳斯！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/billrobinson/techview-linus-torvalds-i_b_5338844.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds
|
||||
[2]:
|
||||
[3]:
|
||||
[4]:
|
||||
[5]:
|
||||
[6]:
|
||||
[7]:
|
||||
[8]:
|
||||
[9]:
|
||||
[10]:
|
||||
[11]:
|
||||
[12]:
|
||||
[13]:
|
||||
[14]:
|
||||
[15]:
|
||||
[16]:
|
||||
[17]:
|
||||
[18]:
|
||||
[19]:
|
||||
[20]:
|
||||
142
translated/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md
Normal file
142
translated/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Linux终端：Dstat监控工具
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Dstat 是一个可以取代vmstat，iostat，netstat和ifstat这些命令的多功能产品。Dstat克服了这些命令的局限并增加了一些另外的功能，比如增加了运算能力和变得更灵活了。Dstat在很方便监控系统运行状况并用于基准测试和排除故障。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Dstat可以让你实时地看到所有系统资源，例如，你能够通过中断IDE控制器来比较磁盘利用率，或者直接通过网络带宽数来比较磁盘的吞吐率（在相同的时间间隔内）。
|
||||
|
||||
Dstat将以列表的形式为你提供选项信息并清晰地告诉你是在何种幅度和单位显示输出。这样更好地避免了信息混乱和误报。更重要的是，它让你更方便写插件来收集你想要的数据信息，并且这种方式会令你意想不到。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Dstat的默认输出是专门为人们实时解释而设计的，然而你却可以将详细信息通过CSV输出到一个文件或导入到Gnumeric或者Excel生成表格。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
###特征###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 结合了vmstat，iostat，ifstat，netstat等信息
|
||||
- 实时显示统计情况
|
||||
- 运算结果在分析和排障时具有重要意义
|
||||
- 模块化设计
|
||||
- 使用python编写的，更方便扩展现有的工作任务
|
||||
- 容易扩展和添加你的计数器（请为此做出贡献）
|
||||
- 包含了许多扩展插件以方便添加计数器
|
||||
- 分组统计节点/网络设备总数
|
||||
- 显示每台设备说明
|
||||
- 极准确的时间帧，当系统负荷时不存在时间差
|
||||
- 显示准确地单位和限制转换过程中产生的错误
|
||||
- 用不同的颜色显示不同的单元内容
|
||||
- 显示中间结果延时小于1秒
|
||||
- 支持输出CSV格式报表，并能导入到Gnumeric和Excel生成表格
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装方法 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu/Mint和Debin系统：
|
||||
本地软件库中有相关安装包，你可以用下面命令安装：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# sudo apt-get install dstat
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
RHEL/Centos和Fedora系统:
|
||||
你可以在romforge软件库中添加有相关安装包，参照[2】指导后，使用命令很简单就能进行安装：
|
||||
# yum install dstat
|
||||
|
||||
ArchLinux系统：
|
||||
|
||||
相关软件包在社区资源库中，你可以用这个命令来安装：
|
||||
|
||||
# pacman -S dstat
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
###使用方法 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
dstat的基本用法只是用dstat命令就会像这样输出：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这是默认输出显示的信息：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
CPU状态：CPU的使用率。这项报告更有趣的部分是显示了用户，系统，和空闲，这更好地分析了CPU当前的使用状况。如果你看到"wait"一栏中，CPU的状态是一个高使用率值，那说明系统存在一些其它问题。当CPU的状态在"waits"时，那是因为它正在等待I/O设备（例如内存，磁盘或者网络）的响应而且还没有收到。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**磁盘统计**：磁盘的读写操作，这一栏显示磁盘的读写总数。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**网络统计**：网络设备发送和接受的数据，这一栏显示的网络收发数据的总数。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**分页统计**：系统的分页活动。分页指的是一种内存管理技术用于查找系统场景，一个高水平的分页表明系统正在使用大量的交换空间，或者说内存非常分散，大多数情况下你都希望看到page in和page out的值是0 0。
|
||||
|
||||
**系统统计**：这一项显示的是中断（int）和文本转换（csw）。如果你需要一个基线来比较他们的话，这项统计通常是唯一有用的。这一栏中较高的统计值通常表示大量的进程造成拥塞，需要对CPU进行关注。当你的服务器默认情况下正在运行一些程序时，那一项将会显示一些数值。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，dstat每秒都会刷新数据。如果想退出dstat，你可以按"control-C"键。
|
||||
|
||||
需要注意的是报告的第一行通常所有统计都不显示数值的。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这是由于dstat会通过上一次的报告来给出一个总结。所以第一次运行时是没有平均值和总值的相关数据。
|
||||
|
||||
但是dstat可以通过传递2个参数运行输出来控制报告和报告数量之间的延迟。例如，如果你想要dstat输出默认统计，和报表输出的时间间隔未3秒钟,并且报表中输出10个结果，你可以运行如下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
dstat 3 10
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在dstat命令中有很多参数可选，你可以通过man dstat命令查看，大多数常用的参数有这些：
|
||||
|
||||
- -l = shows load statistics #显示加载统计量#
|
||||
- -m = shows the memory usage (used, buffer, cache, free) #显示内存使用率（包括used，buffer，cache，free值）#
|
||||
- -r = displays I/O statistics, #显示I/O统计#
|
||||
- -s = shows the swap usage #显示swap使用情况#
|
||||
- -t = puts the current time in the first column #将当前时间显示在第一行#
|
||||
- –fs = displays file system stats (includes amount of files and used inodes)#显示系统数据（包括文件总数量和inodes值）#
|
||||
- –nocolor = sometimes very useful…
|
||||
- –socket = shows interesting network statistics #显示感兴趣的网络数据#
|
||||
- –tcp = displays common TCP stats #显示常用的CPU统计#
|
||||
- –udp = shows you the listen and active figures for the UDP usage #显示你监听的和UDP用法中的一些动态数据#
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
当然不止这些用法，dstat附带了一些**插件**很大程度地扩展了它的功能。你可以通过查看/usr/share/dstat目录来查看它们的一些使用方法，常用的有这些：
|
||||
|
||||
- –disk-util = shows how much the disks are busy at the moment#显示某一时间磁盘的忙碌状况#
|
||||
- –freespace = shows the current disk usage#显示当前磁盘使用率#
|
||||
- –proc-count = displays the number of running processes#显示正在运行的程序数量#
|
||||
- –top-bio = points to the most expensive block I/O process #指出最大块I/O进程#
|
||||
- –top-cpu = draws the attention on the most expensive CPU process#图形化显示最值得引起注意的CPU进程#
|
||||
- –top-io = shows the most expensive “normal” I/O process#显示大多数正常的I/O进程#
|
||||
- –top-mem = displays the process using the most memory#显示占用最多内存的进程#
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
举一些例子：
|
||||
|
||||
查看全部内存都有谁在占用：
|
||||
|
||||
dstat -g -l -m -s --top-mem
|
||||
|
||||
显示一些关于CPU资源损耗的数据：
|
||||
|
||||
dstat -c -y -l --proc-count --top-cpu
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
###如何输出一个csv文件###
|
||||
在往后的使用中，想输出一个csv格式的文件可以通过下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
# dstat –output /tmp/sampleoutput.csv -cdn
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/linux-terminal-dstat-monitoring-tools
|
||||
|
||||
译者：disylee (https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network
|
||||
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-enable-rpmforge-repository-in-rhel-centos-6-5-4/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
|
||||
在Ubuntu 14.04中默认关闭蓝牙[快速秘诀]
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我最近新买了一台Dell Inspiron 7437，我第一时间做的一些事情之一就是[让预装的Windows 8和Ubuntu 14.04双启动][1]。我旧的笔记本没有蓝牙，听起来很奇怪但事实就是这样。这就是我为何从来没有注意到**蓝牙总是在Ubuntu的每次启动时自动开启**。
|
||||
|
||||
从节能和安全目的来说这都不是件好事。而且，我几乎不使用蓝牙，所以我为何要让蓝牙默认启用？尽管在Ubuntu中只要一次点击就能关闭蓝牙，但每次登录都要这样重复地做一遍真是件令人泄气的任务。更简单的解决方案是**在Ubuntu启动的时候关闭蓝牙**。
|
||||
|
||||
在今天的帖子中，我将与您分享如何在每次启动是默认禁用蓝牙。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu 14.04中默认关闭蓝牙： ###
|
||||
|
||||
打开一个终端并使用以下命令来安装[gksu][2]（如果你还没有安装它的话）。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install gksu
|
||||
|
||||
gksu是用来在以root权限运行程序时输入密码的程序。当你已经安装了gksu之后，使用下列命令：
|
||||
|
||||
gksudo gedit /etc/rc.local
|
||||
|
||||
它会打开rc.local这个文件。只需在文件中的exit 0之前加入下列命令：
|
||||
|
||||
rfkill block bluetooth
|
||||
|
||||
就这样，你的rc.local文件看起来就像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这就是全部步骤了。重新启动电脑，您应该能够看到蓝牙已经被禁用了。当然您需要使用它的时候可以从指示器面板的蓝牙标志打开它。
|
||||
|
||||
### 小说明： ###
|
||||
|
||||
这一小部分只是对我们做了什么进行简短的解释。您并不一定要阅读完这一部分。您可以直接跳到评论部分留下您的建议和感谢 :)
|
||||
|
||||
rc.local文件是用来记录在系统启动的时候运行的各种shell命令的。这些命令是用户定义的。在一个干净的安装中，rc.local文件中没有任何命令。我们做的就是在这里面加入命令 **rfkill block bluetooth**。[rfkill][3]是一个用来查询各种开关，按钮和底层系统接口状态的工具。我们在rc.local中使用这个命令来在每次启动的时候软关闭（译注：与其对应的是硬关闭，指通过硬件开关来关闭）蓝牙。我希望这些能把原理解释的清楚一点。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/turn-off-bluetooth-by-default-in-ubuntu-14-04/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/
|
||||
[2]:https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/Attic/gksu?action=show&redirect=gksu
|
||||
[3]:http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/rfkill
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user