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Merge remote-tracking branch 'LCTT/master'
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Xingyu.Wang
@@ -1,26 +1,28 @@
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||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (liujing97)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-10705-1.html)
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||||
[#]: subject: (How to create a filesystem on a Linux partition or logical volume)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/4/create-filesystem-linux-partition)
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||||
[#]: 作者: (Kedar Vijay Kulkarni (Red Hat) https://opensource.com/users/kkulkarn)
|
||||
|
||||
如何在 Linux 分区或逻辑卷中创建文件系统
|
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======
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||||
学习在你的系统中创建一个文件系统，并且长期或者非长期地挂载它。
|
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|
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> 学习在你的系统中创建一个文件系统，并且长期或者非长期地挂载它。
|
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|
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![Filing papers and documents][1]
|
||||
|
||||
在计算技术中，文件系统控制如何存储和检索数据，并且帮助组织存储媒介中的文件。如果没有文件系统，信息将被存储为一个大数据块，而且你无法知道一条信息在哪结束，下一条信息在哪开始。文件系统通过为存储数据的文件提供名称，并且在文件系统中的磁盘上维护文件和目录表以及它们的开始和结束位置，总的大小等来帮助管理所有的这些信息。
|
||||
在计算技术中，文件系统控制如何存储和检索数据，并且帮助组织存储媒介中的文件。如果没有文件系统，信息将被存储为一个大数据块，而且你无法知道一条信息在哪结束，下一条信息在哪开始。文件系统通过为存储数据的文件提供名称，并且在文件系统中的磁盘上维护文件和目录表以及它们的开始和结束位置、总的大小等来帮助管理所有的这些信息。
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|
||||
在 Linux 中，当你创建一个硬盘分区或者逻辑卷之后，接下来通常是通过格式化这个分区或逻辑卷来创建文件系统。这个操作方法假设你已经知道如何创建分区或逻辑卷，并且你希望将它格式化为包含有文件系统，并且挂载它。
|
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### 创建文件系统
|
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|
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假设你为你的系统添加了一块新的硬盘并且在它上面创建了一个叫 **/dev/sda1** 的分区。
|
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假设你为你的系统添加了一块新的硬盘并且在它上面创建了一个叫 `/dev/sda1` 的分区。
|
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|
||||
1. 为了验证 Linux 内核已经发现这个分区，你可以 **cat** 出 **/proc/partitions** 的内容，就像这样：
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1、为了验证 Linux 内核已经发现这个分区，你可以 `cat` 出 `/proc/partitions` 的内容，就像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```
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[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/partitions
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@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ major minor #blocks name
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```
|
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|
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2. 决定你想要去创建的文件系统种类，比如 ext4, XFS，或者其他的一些。这里是一些选项：
|
||||
2、决定你想要去创建的文件系统种类，比如 ext4、XFS，或者其他的一些。这里是一些可选项：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.<tab><tab>
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@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ mkfs.btrfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.xfs
|
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```
|
||||
|
||||
|
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3. 为了这次练习的目的，选择 ext4。（我喜欢 ext4 因为如果你需要的话，它可以允许你去压缩文件系统，这对于 XFS 并不简单。）这里是完成它的方法（输出可能会因设备名称或者大小而不同）：
|
||||
3、为了这次练习的目的，选择 ext4。（我喜欢 ext4，因为如果你需要的话，它可以允许你去压缩文件系统，这对于 XFS 并不简单。）这里是完成它的方法（输出可能会因设备名称或者大小而不同）：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
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@@ -73,18 +75,16 @@ Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
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Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
|
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```
|
||||
|
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4. 在上一步中，如果你想去创建不同的文件系统，请使用不同变种的 **mkfs** 命令。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4、在上一步中，如果你想去创建不同的文件系统，请使用不同变种的 `mkfs` 命令。
|
||||
|
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### 挂载文件系统
|
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当你创建好文件系统后，你可以在你的操作系统中挂载它。
|
||||
|
||||
1. 首先，识别出新文件系统的 UUID 号。使用 **blkid** 命令列出所有可识别的块存储设备并且在输出信息中查找 **sda1**：
|
||||
1、首先，识别出新文件系统的 UUID 编码。使用 `blkid` 命令列出所有可识别的块存储设备并且在输出信息中查找 `sda1`：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# blkid
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# blkid
|
||||
/dev/vda1: UUID="716e713d-4e91-4186-81fd-c6cfa1b0974d" TYPE="xfs"
|
||||
/dev/sr1: UUID="2019-03-08-16-17-02-00" LABEL="config-2" TYPE="iso9660"
|
||||
/dev/sda1: UUID="wow9N8-dX2d-ETN4-zK09-Gr1k-qCVF-eCerbF" TYPE="LVM2_member"
|
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@@ -93,11 +93,10 @@ Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
|
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[root@localhost ~]#
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
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2. 运行下面的命令挂载 **/dev/sd1** 设备：
|
||||
2、运行下面的命令挂载 `/dev/sd1` 设备：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/mount_point_for_dev_sda1
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[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/mount_point_for_dev_sda1
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[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/
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mount_point_for_dev_sda1
|
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[root@localhost ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda1 /mnt/mount_point_for_dev_sda1/
|
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@@ -112,19 +111,16 @@ tmpfs 93M 0 93M 0% /run/user/0
|
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/dev/sda1 2.9G 9.0M 2.7G 1% /mnt/mount_point_for_dev_sda1
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]#
|
||||
```
|
||||
命令 **df -h** 显示了每个文件系统被挂载的挂载点。查找 **/dev/sd1**。上面的挂载命令使用的设备名称是 **/dev/sda1**。用 **blkid** 命令中的 UUID 号替换它。注意，在 **/mnt** 下一个被新创建的目录挂载了 **/dev/sda1**。
|
||||
|
||||
命令 `df -h` 显示了每个文件系统被挂载的挂载点。查找 `/dev/sd1`。上面的挂载命令使用的设备名称是 `/dev/sda1`。用 `blkid` 命令中的 UUID 编码替换它。注意，在 `/mnt` 下一个被新创建的目录挂载了 `/dev/sda1`。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
3. 直接在命令行下使用挂载命令（就像上一步一样）会有一个问题，那就是挂载不会在设备重启后存在。为使永久性地挂载文件系统，编辑 **/etc/fstab** 文件去包含你的挂载信息：
|
||||
3、直接在命令行下使用挂载命令（就像上一步一样）会有一个问题，那就是挂载不会在设备重启后存在。为使永久性地挂载文件系统，编辑 `/etc/fstab` 文件去包含你的挂载信息：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
UUID=ac96b366-0cdd-4e4c-9493-bb93531be644 /mnt/mount_point_for_dev_sda1/ ext4 defaults 0 0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4. 编辑完 **/etc/fstab** 文件后，你可以 **umount /mnt/mount_point_for_fev_sda1** 并且运行 **mount -a** 命令去挂载被列在 **/etc/fstab** 文件中的所有设备文件。如果一切顺利的话，你可以使用 **df -h** 列出并且查看你挂载的文件系统：
|
||||
4、编辑完 `/etc/fstab` 文件后，你可以 `umount /mnt/mount_point_for_fev_sda1` 并且运行 `mount -a` 命令去挂载被列在 `/etc/fstab` 文件中的所有设备文件。如果一切顺利的话，你可以使用 `df -h` 列出并且查看你挂载的文件系统：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/mount_point_for_dev_sda1/
|
||||
@@ -140,25 +136,23 @@ tmpfs 93M 0 93M 0% /run/user/0
|
||||
/dev/sda1 2.9G 9.0M 2.7G 1% /mnt/mount_point_for_dev_sda1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
5. 你也可以检测文件系统是否被挂载：
|
||||
5、你也可以检测文件系统是否被挂载：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# mount | grep ^/dev/sd
|
||||
/dev/sda1 on /mnt/mount_point_for_dev_sda1 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,stripe=8191,data=ordered)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在你已经知道如何去创建文件系统并且长期或者非长期的挂载在你的系统中。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/create-filesystem-linux-partition
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Kedar Vijay Kulkarni (Red Hat)][a]
|
||||
作者：[Kedar Vijay Kulkarni][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[liujing97](https://github.com/liujing97)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (robsean)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
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@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
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translating by robsean
|
||||
|
||||
12 Best GTK Themes for Ubuntu and other Linux Distributions
|
||||
======
|
||||
**Brief: Let’s have a look at some of the beautiful GTK themes that you can use not only in Ubuntu but other Linux distributions that use GNOME.**
|
||||
|
||||
For those of us that use Ubuntu proper, the move from Unity to Gnome as the default desktop environment has made theming and customizing easier than ever. Gnome has a fairly large tweaking community, and there is no shortage of fantastic GTK themes for users to choose from. With that in mind, I went ahead and found some of my favorite themes that I have come across in recent months. These are what I believe offer some of the best experiences that you can find.
|
||||
|
||||
### Best themes for Ubuntu and other Linux distributions
|
||||
|
||||
This is not an exhaustive list and may exclude some of the themes you already use and love, but hopefully, you find at least one theme that you enjoy that you did not already know about. All themes present should work on any Gnome 3 setup, Ubuntu or not. I lost some screenshots so I have taken images from the official websites.
|
||||
|
||||
The themes listed here are in no particular order.
|
||||
|
||||
But before you see the best GNOME themes, you should learn [how to install themes in Ubuntu GNOME][1].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Arc-Ambiance
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Arc and Arc variant themes have been around for quite some time now, and are widely regarded as some of the best themes you can find. In this example, I have selected Arc-Ambiance because of its modern take on the default Ambiance theme in Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
I am a fan of both the Arc theme and the default Ambiance theme, so needless to say, I was pumped when I came across a theme that merged the best of both worlds. If you are a fan of the arc themes but not a fan of this one in particular, Gnome look has plenty of other options that will most certainly suit your taste.
|
||||
|
||||
[Arc-Ambiance Theme][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Adapta Colorpack
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
The Adapta theme has been one of my favorite flat themes I have ever found. Like Arc, Adapata is widely adopted by many-a-linux user. I have selected this color pack because in one download you have several options to choose from. In fact, there are 19 to choose from. Yep. You read that correctly. 19!
|
||||
|
||||
So, if you are a fan of the flat/material design language that we see a lot of today, then there is most likely a variant in this theme pack that will satisfy you.
|
||||
|
||||
[Adapta Colorpack Theme][5]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Numix Collection
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Ah, Numix! Oh, the years we have spent together! For those of us that have been theming our DE for the last couple of years, you must have come across the Numix themes or icon packs at some point in time. Numix was probably the first modern theme for Linux that I fell in love with, and I am still in love with it today. And after all these years, it still hasn’t lost its charm.
|
||||
|
||||
The gray tone throughout the theme, especially with the default pinkish-red highlight color, makes for a genuinely clean and complete experience. You would be hard pressed to find a theme pack as polished as Numix. And in this offering, you have plenty of options to choose from, so go crazy!
|
||||
|
||||
[Numix Collection Theme][7]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Hooli
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
Hooli is a theme that has been out for some time now, but only recently came across my radar. I am a fan of most flat themes but have usually strayed away from themes that come to close to the material design language. Hooli, like Adapta, takes notes from that design language, but does it in a way that I think sets it apart from the rest. The green highlight color is one of my favorite parts about the theme, and it does a good job at not overpowering the entire theme.
|
||||
|
||||
[Hooli Theme][9]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. Arrongin/Telinkrin
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
Bonus: Two themes in one! And they are relatively new contenders in the theming realm. They both take notes from Ubuntu’s soon to be finished “[communitheme][11]” and bring it to your desktop today. The only real difference I can find between the offerings are the colors. Arrongin is centered around an Ubuntu-esq orange color, while Telinkrin uses a slightly more KDE Breeze-esq blue. I personally prefer the blue, but both are great options!
|
||||
|
||||
[Arrongin/Telinkrin Themes][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. Gnome-osx
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
I have to admit, usually, when I see that a theme has “osx” or something similar in the title, I don’t expect much. Most Apple inspired themes seem to have so much in common that I can’t really find a reason to use them. There are two themes I can think of that break this mold: the Arc-osc them and the Gnome-osx theme that we have here.
|
||||
|
||||
The reason I like the Gnome-osx theme is because it truly does look at home on the Gnome desktop. It does a great job at blending into the DE without being too flat. So for those of you that enjoy a slightly less flat theme, and you like the red, yellow, and green button scheme for the close, minimize, and maximize buttons, than this theme is perfect for you.
|
||||
|
||||
[Gnome-osx Theme][14]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. Ultimate Maia
|
||||
|
||||
![][15]
|
||||
|
||||
There was a time when I used Manjaro Gnome. Since then I have reverted back to Ubuntu, but one thing I wish I could have brought with me was the Manjaro theme. If you feel the same about the Manjaro theme as I do, then you are in luck because you can bring it to ANY distro you want that is running Gnome!
|
||||
|
||||
The rich green color, the Breeze-esq close, minimize, maximize buttons, and the over-all polish of the theme makes for one compelling option. It even offers some other color variants of you are not a fan of the green. But let’s be honest…who isn’t a fan of that Manjaro green color?
|
||||
|
||||
[Ultimate Maia Theme][16]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. Vimix
|
||||
|
||||
![][17]
|
||||
|
||||
This was a theme I easily got excited about. It is modern, pulls from the macOS red, yellow, green buttons without directly copying them, and tones down the vibrancy of the theme, making for one unique alternative to most other themes. It comes with three dark variants and several colors to choose from so most of us will find something we like.
|
||||
|
||||
[Vimix Theme][18]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9\. Ant
|
||||
|
||||
![][19]
|
||||
|
||||
Like Vimix, Ant pulls inspiration from macOS for the button colors without directly copying the style. Where Vimix tones down the color options, Ant adds a richness to the colors that looks fantastic on my System 76 Galago Pro screen. The variation between the three theme options is pretty dramatic, and though it may not be to everyone’s taste, it is most certainly to mine.
|
||||
|
||||
[Ant Theme][20]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10\. Flat Remix
|
||||
|
||||
![][21]
|
||||
|
||||
If you haven’t noticed by this point, I am a sucker for someone who pays attention to the details in the close, minimize, maximize buttons. The color theme that Flat Remix uses is one I have not seen anywhere else, with a red, blue, and orange color way. Add that on top of a theme that looks almost like a mix between Arc and Adapta, and you have Flat Remix.
|
||||
|
||||
I am personally a fan of the dark option, but the light alternative is very nice as well. So if you like subtle transparencies, a cohesive dark theme, and a touch of color here and there, Flat Remix is for you.
|
||||
|
||||
[Flat Remix Theme][22]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11\. Paper
|
||||
|
||||
![][23]
|
||||
|
||||
[Paper][24] has been around for some time now. I remember using it for the first back in 2014. I would say, at this point, Paper is more known for its icon pack than for its GTK theme, but that doesn’t mean that the theme isn’t a wonderful option in and of its self. Even though I adored the Paper icons from the beginning, I can’t say that I was a huge fan of the Paper theme when I first tried it out.
|
||||
|
||||
I felt like the bright colors and fun approach to a theme made for an “immature” experience. Now, years later, Paper has grown on me, to say the least, and the light hearted approach that the theme takes is one I greatly appreciate.
|
||||
|
||||
[Paper Theme][25]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 12\. Pop
|
||||
|
||||
![][26]
|
||||
|
||||
Pop is one of the newer offerings on this list. Created by the folks over at [System 76][27], the Pop GTK theme is a fork of the Adapta theme listed earlier and comes with a matching icon pack, which is a fork of the previously mentioned Paper icon pack.
|
||||
|
||||
The theme was released soon after System 76 announced that they were releasing [their own distribution,][28] Pop!_OS. You can read my [Pop!_OS review][29] to know more about it. Needless to say, I think Pop is a fantastic theme with a superb amount of polish and offers a fresh feel to any Gnome desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
[Pop Theme][30]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
Obviously, there way more themes to choose from than we could feature in one article, but these are some of the most complete and polished themes I have used in recent months. If you think we missed any that you really like or you just really dislike one that I featured above, then feel free to let me know in the comment section below and share why you think your favorite themes are better!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/best-gtk-themes/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Phillip Prado][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://itsfoss.com/author/phillip/
|
||||
[1]:https://itsfoss.com/install-themes-ubuntu/
|
||||
[2]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/arcambaince-300x225.png
|
||||
[3]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1193861/
|
||||
[4]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/adapta-300x169.jpg
|
||||
[5]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1190851/
|
||||
[6]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/numix-300x169.png
|
||||
[7]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1170667/
|
||||
[8]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/hooli2-800x500.jpg
|
||||
[9]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1102901/
|
||||
[10]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/AT-800x590.jpg
|
||||
[11]:https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-community-theme/
|
||||
[12]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1215199/
|
||||
[13]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/gosx-800x473.jpg
|
||||
[14]:https://www.opendesktop.org/s/Gnome/p/1171688/
|
||||
[15]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ultimatemaia-800x450.jpg
|
||||
[16]:https://www.opendesktop.org/s/Gnome/p/1193879/
|
||||
[17]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/vimix-800x450.jpg
|
||||
[18]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1013698/
|
||||
[19]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ant-800x533.png
|
||||
[20]:https://www.opendesktop.org/p/1099856/
|
||||
[21]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/flatremix-800x450.png
|
||||
[22]:https://www.opendesktop.org/p/1214931/
|
||||
[23]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/paper-800x450.jpg
|
||||
[24]:https://itsfoss.com/install-paper-theme-linux/
|
||||
[25]:https://snwh.org/paper/download
|
||||
[26]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/pop-800x449.jpg
|
||||
[27]:https://system76.com/
|
||||
[28]:https://itsfoss.com/system76-popos-linux/
|
||||
[29]:https://itsfoss.com/pop-os-linux-review/
|
||||
[30]:https://github.com/pop-os/gtk-theme/blob/master/README.md
|
||||
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (MjSeven)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (5 useful open source log analysis tools)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/4/log-analysis-tools)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Sam Bocetta https://opensource.com/users/sambocetta)
|
||||
|
||||
5 useful open source log analysis tools
|
||||
======
|
||||
Monitoring network activity is as important as it is tedious. These
|
||||
tools can make it easier.
|
||||
![People work on a computer server][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Monitoring network activity can be a tedious job, but there are good reasons to do it. For one, it allows you to find and investigate suspicious logins on workstations, devices connected to networks, and servers while identifying sources of administrator abuse. You can also trace software installations and data transfers to identify potential issues in real time rather than after the damage is done.
|
||||
|
||||
Those logs also go a long way towards keeping your company in compliance with the [General Data Protection Regulation][2] (GDPR) that applies to any entity operating within the European Union. If you have a website that is viewable in the EU, you qualify.
|
||||
|
||||
Logging—both tracking and analysis—should be a fundamental process in any monitoring infrastructure. A transaction log file is necessary to recover a SQL server database from disaster. Further, by tracking log files, DevOps teams and database administrators (DBAs) can maintain optimum database performance or find evidence of unauthorized activity in the case of a cyber attack. For this reason, it's important to regularly monitor and analyze system logs. It's a reliable way to re-create the chain of events that led up to whatever problem has arisen.
|
||||
|
||||
There are quite a few open source log trackers and analysis tools available today, making choosing the right resources for activity logs easier than you think. The free and open source software community offers log designs that work with all sorts of sites and just about any operating system. Here are five of the best I've used, in no particular order.
|
||||
|
||||
### Graylog
|
||||
|
||||
[Graylog][3] started in Germany in 2011 and is now offered as either an open source tool or a commercial solution. It is designed to be a centralized log management system that receives data streams from various servers or endpoints and allows you to browse or analyze that information quickly.
|
||||
|
||||
![Graylog screenshot][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Graylog has built a positive reputation among system administrators because of its ease in scalability. Most web projects start small but can grow exponentially. Graylog can balance loads across a network of backend servers and handle several terabytes of log data each day.
|
||||
|
||||
IT administrators will find Graylog's frontend interface to be easy to use and robust in its functionality. Graylog is built around the concept of dashboards, which allows you to choose which metrics or data sources you find most valuable and quickly see trends over time.
|
||||
|
||||
When a security or performance incident occurs, IT administrators want to be able to trace the symptoms to a root cause as fast as possible. Search functionality in Graylog makes this easy. It has built-in fault tolerance that can run multi-threaded searches so you can analyze several potential threats together.
|
||||
|
||||
### Nagios
|
||||
|
||||
[Nagios][5] started with a single developer back in 1999 and has since evolved into one of the most reliable open source tools for managing log data. The current version of Nagios can integrate with servers running Microsoft Windows, Linux, or Unix.
|
||||
|
||||
![Nagios Core][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Its primary product is a log server, which aims to simplify data collection and make information more accessible to system administrators. The Nagios log server engine will capture data in real-time and feed it into a powerful search tool. Integrating with a new endpoint or application is easy thanks to the built-in setup wizard.
|
||||
|
||||
Nagios is most often used in organizations that need to monitor the security of their local network. It can audit a range of network-related events and help automate the distribution of alerts. Nagios can even be configured to run predefined scripts if a certain condition is met, allowing you to resolve issues before a human has to get involved.
|
||||
|
||||
As part of network auditing, Nagios will filter log data based on the geographic location where it originates. That means you can build comprehensive dashboards with mapping technology to understand how your web traffic is flowing.
|
||||
|
||||
### Elastic Stack (the "ELK Stack")
|
||||
|
||||
[Elastic Stack][7], often called the ELK Stack, is one of the most popular open source tools among organizations that need to sift through large sets of data and make sense of their system logs (and it's a personal favorite, too).
|
||||
|
||||
![ELK Stack][8]
|
||||
|
||||
Its primary offering is made up of three separate products: Elasticsearch, Kibana, and Logstash:
|
||||
|
||||
* As its name suggests, _**Elasticsearch**_ is designed to help users find matches within datasets using a wide range of query languages and types. Speed is this tool's number one advantage. It can be expanded into clusters of hundreds of server nodes to handle petabytes of data with ease.
|
||||
|
||||
* _**Kibana**_ is a visualization tool that runs alongside Elasticsearch to allow users to analyze their data and build powerful reports. When you first install the Kibana engine on your server cluster, you will gain access to an interface that shows statistics, graphs, and even animations of your data.
|
||||
|
||||
* The final piece of ELK Stack is _**Logstash**_ , which acts as a purely server-side pipeline into the Elasticsearch database. You can integrate Logstash with a variety of coding languages and APIs so that information from your websites and mobile applications will be fed directly into your powerful Elastic Stalk search engine.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
A unique feature of ELK Stack is that it allows you to monitor applications built on open source installations of WordPress. In contrast to most out-of-the-box security audit log tools that [track admin and PHP logs][9] but little else, ELK Stack can sift through web server and database logs.
|
||||
|
||||
Poor log tracking and database management are one of the [most common causes of poor website performance][10]. Failure to regularly check, optimize, and empty database logs can not only slow down a site but could lead to a complete crash as well. Thus, the ELK Stack is an excellent tool for every WordPress developer's toolkit.
|
||||
|
||||
### LOGalyze
|
||||
|
||||
[LOGalyze][11] is an organization based in Hungary that builds open source tools for system administrators and security experts to help them manage server logs and turn them into useful data points. Its primary product is available as a free download for either personal or commercial use.
|
||||
|
||||
![LOGalyze][12]
|
||||
|
||||
LOGalyze is designed to work as a massive pipeline in which multiple servers, applications, and network devices can feed information using the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) method. It provides a frontend interface where administrators can log in to monitor the collection of data and start analyzing it.
|
||||
|
||||
From within the LOGalyze web interface, you can run dynamic reports and export them into Excel files, PDFs, or other formats. These reports can be based on multi-dimensional statistics managed by the LOGalyze backend. It can even combine data fields across servers or applications to help you spot trends in performance.
|
||||
|
||||
LOGalyze is designed to be installed and configured in less than an hour. It has prebuilt functionality that allows it to gather audit data in formats required by regulatory acts. For example, LOGalyze can easily run different HIPAA reports to ensure your organization is adhering to health regulations and remaining compliant.
|
||||
|
||||
### Fluentd
|
||||
|
||||
If your organization has data sources living in many different locations and environments, your goal should be to centralize them as much as possible. Otherwise, you will struggle to monitor performance and protect against security threats.
|
||||
|
||||
[Fluentd][13] is a robust solution for data collection and is entirely open source. It does not offer a full frontend interface but instead acts as a collection layer to help organize different pipelines. Fluentd is used by some of the largest companies worldwide but can be implemented in smaller organizations as well.
|
||||
|
||||
![Fluentd architecture][14]
|
||||
|
||||
The biggest benefit of Fluentd is its compatibility with the most common technology tools available today. For example, you can use Fluentd to gather data from web servers like Apache, sensors from smart devices, and dynamic records from MongoDB. What you do with that data is entirely up to you.
|
||||
|
||||
Fluentd is based around the JSON data format and can be used in conjunction with [more than 500 plugins][15] created by reputable developers. This allows you to extend your logging data into other applications and drive better analysis from it with minimal manual effort.
|
||||
|
||||
### The bottom line
|
||||
|
||||
If you aren't already using activity logs for security reasons, governmental compliance, and measuring productivity, commit to changing that. There are plenty of plugins on the market that are designed to work with multiple environments and platforms, even on your internal network. Don't wait for a serious incident to justify taking a proactive approach to logs maintenance and oversight.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/log-analysis-tools
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sam Bocetta][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/sambocetta
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/rh_003499_01_linux11x_cc.png?itok=XMDOouJR (People work on a computer server)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/18/4/gdpr-impact
|
||||
[3]: https://www.graylog.org/products/open-source
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/graylog-data.png (Graylog screenshot)
|
||||
[5]: https://www.nagios.org/downloads/
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/nagios_core_4.0.8.png (Nagios Core)
|
||||
[7]: https://www.elastic.co/products
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/elk-stack.png (ELK Stack)
|
||||
[9]: https://www.wpsecurityauditlog.com/benefits-wordpress-activity-log/
|
||||
[10]: https://websitesetup.org/how-to-speed-up-wordpress/
|
||||
[11]: http://www.logalyze.com/
|
||||
[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/logalyze.jpg (LOGalyze)
|
||||
[13]: https://www.fluentd.org/
|
||||
[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fluentd-architecture.png (Fluentd architecture)
|
||||
[15]: https://opensource.com/article/18/9/open-source-log-aggregation-tools
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Linux Server Hardening Using Idempotency with Ansible: Part 1)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.linux.com/blog/linux-server-hardening-using-idempotency-ansible-part-1)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Chris Binnie https://www.linux.com/users/chrisbinnie)
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Server Hardening Using Idempotency with Ansible: Part 1
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
[Creative Commons Zero][2]
|
||||
|
||||
I think it’s safe to say that the need to frequently update the packages on our machines has been firmly drilled into us. To ensure the use of latest features and also keep security bugs to a minimum, skilled engineers and even desktop users are well-versed in the need to update their software.
|
||||
|
||||
Hardware, software and SaaS (Software as a Service) vendors have also firmly embedded the word “firewall” into our vocabulary for both domestic and industrial uses to protect our computers. In my experience, however, even within potentially more sensitive commercial environments, few engineers actively tweak the operating system (OS) they’re working on, to any great extent at least, to bolster security.
|
||||
|
||||
Standard fare on Linux systems, for example, might mean looking at configuring a larger swap file to cope with your hungry application’s demands. Or, maybe adding a separate volume to your server for extra disk space, specifying a more performant CPU at launch time, installing a few of your favorite DevOps tools, or chucking a couple of certificates onto the filesystem for each new server you build. This isn’t quite the same thing.
|
||||
|
||||
### Improve your Security Posture
|
||||
|
||||
What I am specifically referring to is a mixture of compliance and security, I suppose. In short, there’s a surprisingly large number of areas in which a default OS can improve its security posture. We can agree that tweaking certain aspects of an OS are a little riskier than others. Consider your network stack, for example. Imagine that, completely out of the blue, your server’s networking suddenly does something unexpected and causes you troubleshooting headaches or even some downtime. This might happen because a new application or updated package suddenly expects routing to behave in a less-common way or needs a specific protocol enabled to function correctly.
|
||||
|
||||
However, there are many changes that you can make to your servers without suffering any sleepless nights. The version and flavor of an OS helps determine which changes and to what extent you might want to comfortably make. Most importantly though what’s good for the goose is rarely good for the gander. In other words every single server estate has different, both broad and subtle, requirements which makes each use case unique. And, don’t forget that a database server also has very different needs to a web server so you can have a number of differing needs even within one small cluster of servers.
|
||||
|
||||
Over the last few years I’ve introduced these hardening and compliance tweaks more than a handful of times across varying server estates in my DevSecOps roles. The OSs have included: Debian, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and their respective derivatives (including what I suspect will be the increasingly popular RHEL derivative, Amazon Linux). There have been times that, admittedly including a multitude of relatively tiny tweaks, the number of changes to a standard server build was into the hundreds. It all depended on the time permitted for the work, the appetite for any risks and the generic or specific nature of the OS tweaks.
|
||||
|
||||
In this article, we’ll discuss the theory around something called idempotency which, in hand with an automation tool such as Ansible, can provide the ongoing improvements to your server estate’s security posture. For good measure we’ll also look at a number of Ansible playbook examples and additionally refer to online resources so that you can introduce idempotency to a server estate near you.
|
||||
|
||||
### Say What?
|
||||
|
||||
In simple terms the word “idempotent” just means returning something back to how it was prior to a change. It can also mean that lots of things you wanted to be the same, for consistency, are exactly the same, too.
|
||||
|
||||
Picture that in action for a moment on a server estate; we’ll use AWS (Amazon Web Services) as our example. You create a new server image (Amazon Machine Images == AMIs) precisely how you want it with compliance and hardening introduced, custom packages, the removal of unwanted packages, SSH keys, user accounts etc and then spin up twenty servers using that AMI.
|
||||
|
||||
You know for certain that all the servers, at least at the time that they are launched, are absolutely identical. Trust me when I say that this is a “good thing” ™. The lack of what’s known as “config drift” means that if one package on a server needs updated for security reasons then all the servers need that package updated too. Or if there’s a typo in a config file that’s breaking an application then it affects all servers equally. There’s less administrative overhead, less security risk and greater levels of predictability in terms of achieving better uptime.
|
||||
|
||||
What about config drift from a security perspective? As you’ve guessed it’s definitely not welcome. That’s because engineers making manual changes to a “base OS build” can only lead to heartache and stress. The predictability of how a system is working suffers greatly as a result and servers running unique config become less reliable. These server systems are known as “snowflakes” as they’re unique but far less beautiful than actual snow.
|
||||
|
||||
Equally an attacker might have managed to breach one aspect, component or service on a server but not all of its facets. By rewriting our base config again and again we’re able to, with 100% certainty (if it’s set up correctly), predict exactly what a server will look like and therefore how it will perform. Using various tools you can also trigger alarms if changes are detected to request that a pair of human eyes have a look to see if it’s a serious issue and then adjust the base config if needed.
|
||||
|
||||
To make our machines idempotent we might overwrite our config changes every 20 or 30 minutes, for example. When it comes to running servers, that in essence, is what is meant by idempotency.
|
||||
|
||||
### Central Station
|
||||
|
||||
My mechanism of choice for repeatedly writing config across a large number of servers is running Ansible playbooks. It’s relatively easy to implement and removes the all-too-painful additional logic required when using shell scripts. Of the popular configuration management tools I’ve seen in action is Puppet, used successfully on a large government estate in an idempotent manner, but I prefer Ansible due to its more logical syntax (to my mind at least) and its readily available documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
Before we look at some simple Ansible examples of hardening an OS with idempotency in mind we should explore how to trigger our Ansible playbooks.
|
||||
|
||||
This is a larger area for debate than you might first imagine. Say, for example, you have nicely segmented server estate with production servers being carefully locked away from development servers, sitting behind a production-grade firewall. Consider the other servers on the estate, belonging to staging (pre-production) or other development environments, intentionally having different access permissions for security reasons.
|
||||
|
||||
If you’re going to run a centralized server that has superuser permissions (which are required to make privileged changes to your core system files) then that server will need to have high-level access permissions potentially across your entire server estate. It must therefore be guarded very closely.
|
||||
|
||||
You will also want to test your playbooks against development environments (in plural) to test their efficacy which means you’ll probably need two all-powerful centralised Ansible servers, one for production and one for the multiple development environments.
|
||||
|
||||
The actual approach of how to achieve other logistical issues is up for debate and I’ve heard it discussed a few times. Bear in mind that Ansible runs using plain, old SSH keys (a feature that something other configuration management tools have started to copy over time) but ideally you want a mechanism for keeping non-privileged keys on your centralised servers so you’re not logging in as the “root” user across the estate every twenty minutes or thirty minutes.
|
||||
|
||||
From a network perspective I like the idea of having firewalling in place to enforce one-way traffic only into the environment that you’re affecting. This protects your centralised host so that a compromised server can’t attack that main Ansible host easily and then as a result gain access to precious SSH keys in order to damage the whole estate.
|
||||
|
||||
Speaking of which, are servers actually needed for a task like this? What about using AWS Lambda (<https://aws.amazon.com/lambda>) to execute your playbooks? A serverless approach stills needs to be secured carefully but unquestionably helps to limit the attack surface and also potentially reduces administrative responsibilities.
|
||||
|
||||
I suspect how this all-powerful server is architected and deployed is always going to be contentious and there will never be a one-size-fits-all approach but instead a unique, bespoke solution will be required for every server estate.
|
||||
|
||||
### How Now, Brown Cow
|
||||
|
||||
It’s important to think about how often you run your Ansible and also how to prepare for your first execution of the playbook. Let’s get the frequency of execution out of the way first as it’s the easiest to change in the future.
|
||||
|
||||
My preference would be three times an hour or instead every thirty minutes. If we include enough detail in our configuration then our playbooks might prevent an attacker gaining a foothold on a system as the original configuration overwrites any altered config. Twenty minutes seems more appropriate to my mind.
|
||||
|
||||
Again, this is an aspect you need to have a think about. You might be dumping small config databases locally onto a filesystem every sixty minutes for example and that scheduled job might add an extra little bit of undesirable load to your server meaning you have to schedule around it.
|
||||
|
||||
Next time, we’ll take a look at some specific changes that can be made to various systems.
|
||||
|
||||
_Chris Binnie’s latest book, Linux Server Security: Hack and Defend, shows you how to make your servers invisible and perform a variety of attacks. You can find out more about DevSecOps, containers and Linux security on his website:[https://www.devsecops.cc][3]_
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.linux.com/blog/linux-server-hardening-using-idempotency-ansible-part-1
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Chris Binnie][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.linux.com/users/chrisbinnie
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/geometric-1732847_1280.jpg?itok=YRux0Tua
|
||||
[2]: /LICENSES/CATEGORY/CREATIVE-COMMONS-ZERO
|
||||
[3]: https://www.devsecops.cc/
|
||||
54
sources/tech/20190409 5 Linux rookie mistakes.md
Normal file
54
sources/tech/20190409 5 Linux rookie mistakes.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (5 Linux rookie mistakes)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/4/linux-rookie-mistakes)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Jen Wike Huger (Red Hat) https://opensource.com/users/jen-wike/users/bcotton/users/petercheer/users/greg-p/users/greg-p)
|
||||
|
||||
5 Linux rookie mistakes
|
||||
======
|
||||
Linux enthusiasts share some of the biggest mistakes they made.
|
||||
![magnifying glass on computer screen, finding a bug in the code][1]
|
||||
|
||||
It's smart to learn new skills throughout your life—it keeps your mind nimble and makes you more competitive in the job market. But some skills are harder to learn than others, especially those where small rookie mistakes can cost you a lot of time and trouble when you're trying to fix them.
|
||||
|
||||
Take learning [Linux][2], for example. If you're used to working in a Windows or MacOS graphical interface, moving to Linux, with its unfamiliar commands typed into a terminal, can have a big learning curve. But the rewards are worth it, as the millions and millions of people who have gone before you have proven.
|
||||
|
||||
That said, the journey won't be without pitfalls. We asked some of Linux enthusiasts to think back to when they first started using Linux and tell us about the biggest mistakes they made.
|
||||
|
||||
"Don't go into [any sort of command line interface (CLI) work] with an expectation that commands work in rational or consistent ways, as that is likely to lead to frustration. This is not due to poor design choices—though it can feel like it when you're banging your head against the proverbial desk—but instead reflects the fact that these systems have evolved and been added onto through generations of software and OS evolution. Go with the flow, write down or memorize the commands you need, and (try not to) get frustrated when [things aren't what you'd expect][3]." _—[Gina Likins][4]_
|
||||
|
||||
"As easy as it might be to just copy and paste commands to make the thing go, read the command first and at least have a general understanding of the actions that are about to be performed. Especially if there is a pipe command. Double especially if there is more than one. There are a lot of destructive commands that look innocuous until you realize what they can do (e.g., **rm** , **dd** ), and you don't want to accidentally destroy things. (Ask me how I know.)" _—[Katie McLaughlin][5]_
|
||||
|
||||
"Early on in my Linux journey, I wasn't as aware of the importance of knowing where you are in the filesystem. I was deleting some file in what I thought was my home directory, and I entered **sudo rm -rf *** and deleted all of the boot files on my system. Now, I frequently use **pwd** to ensure that I am where I think I am before issuing such commands. Fortunately for me, I was able to boot my wounded laptop with a USB drive and recover my files." _—[Don Watkins][6]_
|
||||
|
||||
"Do not reset permissions on the entire file system to [777][7] because you think 'permissions are hard to understand' and you want an application to have access to something." _—[Matthew Helmke][8]_
|
||||
|
||||
"I was removing a package from my system, and I did not check what other packages it was dependent upon. I just let it remove whatever it wanted and ended up causing some of my important programs to crash and become unavailable." _—[Kedar Vijay Kulkarni][9]_
|
||||
|
||||
What mistakes have you made while learning to use Linux? Share them in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/linux-rookie-mistakes
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jen Wike Huger (Red Hat)][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jen-wike/users/bcotton/users/petercheer/users/greg-p/users/greg-p
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/mistake_bug_fix_find_error.png?itok=PZaz3dga (magnifying glass on computer screen, finding a bug in the code)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/resources/linux
|
||||
[3]: https://lintqueen.com/2017/07/02/learning-while-frustrated/
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/users/lintqueen
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/users/glasnt
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
|
||||
[7]: https://www.maketecheasier.com/file-permissions-what-does-chmod-777-means/
|
||||
[8]: https://twitter.com/matthewhelmke
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/users/kkulkarn
|
||||
131
sources/tech/20190409 5 open source mobile apps.md
Normal file
131
sources/tech/20190409 5 open source mobile apps.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (5 open source mobile apps)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/4/mobile-apps)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Chris Hermansen (Community Moderator) https://opensource.com/users/clhermansen/users/bcotton/users/clhermansen/users/bcotton/users/clhermansen)
|
||||
|
||||
5 open source mobile apps
|
||||
======
|
||||
You can count on these apps to meet your needs for productivity,
|
||||
communication, and entertainment.
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Like most people in the world, I'm rarely further than an arm's reach from my smartphone. My Android device provides a seemingly limitless number of communication, productivity, and entertainment services thanks to the open source mobile apps I've installed from Google Play and F-Droid.
|
||||
|
||||
Of the many open source apps on my phone, the following five are the ones I consistently turn to whether I want to listen to music; connect with friends, family, and colleagues; or get work done on the go.
|
||||
|
||||
### MPDroid
|
||||
|
||||
_An Android controller for the Music Player Daemon (MPD)_
|
||||
|
||||
![MPDroid][2]
|
||||
|
||||
MPD is a great way to get music from little music server computers out to the big black stereo boxes. It talks straight to ALSA and therefore to the Digital-to-Analog Converter ([DAC][3]) via the ALSA hardware interface, and it can be controlled over my network—but by what? Well, it turns out that MPDroid is a great MPD controller. It manages my music database, displays album art, handles playlists, and supports internet radio. And it's open source, so if something doesn't work…
|
||||
|
||||
MPDroid is available on [Google Play][4] and [F-Droid][5].
|
||||
|
||||
### RadioDroid
|
||||
|
||||
_An Android internet radio tuner that I use standalone and with Chromecast_
|
||||
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
_![RadioDroid][6]_
|
||||
|
||||
RadioDroid is to internet radio as MPDroid is to managing my music database; essentially, RadioDroid is a frontend to [Internet-Radio.com][7]. Moreover, RadioDroid can be enjoyed by plugging headphones into the Android device, by connecting the Android device directly to the stereo via the headphone jack or USB, or by using its Chromecast capability with a compatible device. It's a fine way to check the weather in Finland, listen to the Spanish top 40, or hear the latest news from down under.
|
||||
|
||||
RadioDroid is available on [Google Play][8] and [F-Droid][9].
|
||||
|
||||
### Signal
|
||||
|
||||
_A secure messaging client for Android, iOS, and desktop_
|
||||
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
_![Signal][10]_
|
||||
|
||||
If you like WhatsApp but are bothered by its [getting-closer-every-day][11] relationship to Facebook, Signal should be your next thing. The only problem with Signal is convincing your contacts they're better off replacing WhatsApp with Signal. But other than that, it has a similar interface; great voice and video calling; great encryption; decent anonymity; and it's supported by a foundation that doesn't plan to monetize your use of the software. What's not to like?
|
||||
|
||||
Signal is available for [Android][12], [iOS][13], and [desktop][14].
|
||||
|
||||
### ConnectBot
|
||||
|
||||
_Android SSH client_
|
||||
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
_![ConnectBot][15]_
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes I'm far away from my computer, but I need to log into the server to do something. [ConnectBot][16] is a great solution for moving SSH sessions onto my phone.
|
||||
|
||||
ConnectBot is available on [Google Play][17].
|
||||
|
||||
### Termux
|
||||
|
||||
_Android terminal emulator with many familiar utilities_
|
||||
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
_![Termux][18]_
|
||||
|
||||
Have you ever needed to run an **awk** script on your phone? [Termux][19] is your solution. If you need to do terminal-type stuff, and you don't want to maintain an SSH connection to a remote computer the whole time, bring the files over to your phone with ConnectBot, quit the session, do your stuff in Termux, and send the results back with ConnectBot.
|
||||
|
||||
Termux is available on [Google Play][20] and [F-Droid][21].
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
What are your favorite open source mobile apps for work or fun? Please share them in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/mobile-apps
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Chris Hermansen (Community Moderator)][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/clhermansen/users/bcotton/users/clhermansen/users/bcotton/users/clhermansen
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/rh_003588_01_rd3os.combacktoschoolserieshe_rh_041x_0.png?itok=tfg6_I78
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/mpdroid.jpg (MPDroid)
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/17/4/fun-new-gadget
|
||||
[4]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.namelessdev.mpdroid&hl=en_US
|
||||
[5]: https://f-droid.org/en/packages/com.namelessdev.mpdroid/
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/radiodroid.png (RadioDroid)
|
||||
[7]: https://www.internet-radio.com/
|
||||
[8]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.programmierecke.radiodroid2
|
||||
[9]: https://f-droid.org/en/packages/net.programmierecke.radiodroid2/
|
||||
[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signal.png (Signal)
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/article/19/3/open-messenger-client
|
||||
[12]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.thoughtcrime.securesms
|
||||
[13]: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/signal-private-messenger/id874139669?mt=8
|
||||
[14]: https://signal.org/download/
|
||||
[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/connectbot.png (ConnectBot)
|
||||
[16]: https://connectbot.org/
|
||||
[17]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.connectbot
|
||||
[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/termux.jpg (Termux)
|
||||
[19]: https://termux.com/
|
||||
[20]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.termux
|
||||
[21]: https://f-droid.org/packages/com.termux/
|
||||
66
sources/tech/20190409 AI Ops- Let the data talk.md
Normal file
66
sources/tech/20190409 AI Ops- Let the data talk.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (AI Ops: Let the data talk)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3388217/ai-ops-let-the-data-talk.html#tk.rss_all)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Marie Fiala, Director of Portfolio Marketing for Blue Planet at Ciena )
|
||||
|
||||
AI Ops: Let the data talk
|
||||
======
|
||||
The catalysts and ROI of AI-powered network analytics for automated operations were the focus of discussion for service providers at the recent FutureNet conference in London. Blue Planet’s Marie Fiala details the conversation.
|
||||
![metamorworks][1]
|
||||
|
||||
![Marie Fiala, Director of Portfolio Marketing for Blue Planet at Ciena][2]
|
||||
|
||||
_The catalysts and ROI of AI-powered network analytics for automated operations were the focus of discussion for service providers at the recent FutureNet conference in London. Blue Planet’s Marie Fiala details the conversation._
|
||||
|
||||
Do we need perfect data? Or is ‘good enough’ data good enough? Certainly, there is a need to find a pragmatic approach or else one could get stalled in analysis-paralysis. Is closed-loop automation the end goal? Or is human-guided open loop automation desired? If the quality of data defines the quality of the process, then for closed-loop automation of critical business processes, one needs near-perfect data. Is that achievable?
|
||||
|
||||
These issues were discussed and debated at the recent FutureNet conference in London, where the show focused on solving network operators’ toughest challenges. Industry presenters and panelists stayed true to the themes of AI and automation, all touting the necessity of these interlinked software technologies, yet there were varied opinions on approaches. Network and service providers such as BT, Colt, Deutsche Telekom, KPN, Orange, Telecom Italia, Telefonica, Telenor, Telia, Telus, Turk Telkom, and Vodafone weighed in on the discussion.
|
||||
|
||||
**Catalysts for AI-powered analytics**
|
||||
|
||||
On one point, most service providers were in agreement: there is a need to identify a specific business use case with measurable ROI, as an initial validation point when introducing AI-powered analytics into operations.
|
||||
|
||||
Host operator, Vodafone, positioned 5G as the catalyst. With the advent of 5G technology supporting 100x connections, 10Gbps super-bandwidth, and ultra-low <10ms latency, the volume, velocity and variety of data is exploding. It’s a virtuous cycle – 5G technologies generate a plethora of data, and conversely, a 5G network requires data-driven automation to function accurately and optimally (how else can virtualized network functions be managed in real-time?).
|
||||
|
||||
![5G as catalyst for digitalisation][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Another operator stated that the ‘AI gateway for telecom’ is the customer experience domain, citing how agents can use analytics to better serve the customer base. For another operator, capacity planning is the killer use case: first leverage AI to understand what’s going on in your network, then use predictive AI for planning so that you can make smarter investment decisions. Another point of view was that service assurance is the area where the most benefits from AI will be realized. There was even mention of ‘AI as a business’ by enabling the creation of new services, such as home assistants. At the broadest level, it was noted that AI allows network operators to remain relevant in the eyes of customers.
|
||||
|
||||
**The human side of AI and automation**
|
||||
|
||||
When it comes to implementation, the significant human impact of AI and automation was not overlooked. Across the board, service providers acknowledged that a new skillset is needed in network operations centers. Network engineers have to upskill to become data scientists and DevOps developers in order to best leverage the new AI-driven software tools.
|
||||
|
||||
Furthermore, it is a challenge to recruit specialist AI experts, especially since web-scale providers are also vying for the same talent. On the flip side of the dire need for new skills, there is also a shortage of qualified experts in legacy technologies. Operators need automated, zero-touch management before the workforce retires!
|
||||
|
||||
![FutureNet panelists discuss how automated AI can be leveraged as a competitive differentiator][4]
|
||||
|
||||
**The ROI of AI**
|
||||
|
||||
In many cases, the approach to AI has been a technology-driven ‘Field of Dreams’: build it and they will come. A strategic decision was made to hire experts, build data lakes, collect data, and then the business case that yielded positive returns was discovered. In other cases, the business use case came first. But no matter what the approach, the ROI was significant.
|
||||
|
||||
These positive results are spurring determination for continued research to uncover ever more areas where AI can deliver tangible benefits. This is however no easy task – one operator highlighted that data collection takes 80% of the effort, with the remaining 20% spent on development of algorithms. For AI to really proliferate throughout all aspects of operations, that trend needs to be reversed. It needs to be relatively easy and quick to collect massive amounts of heterogeneous data, aggregate it, and correlate it. This would allow investment to be overwhelmingly applied to the development of predictive and prescriptive analytics tailored to specific use cases, and to enacting intelligent closed-loop automation. Only then will data be able to truly talk – and tell us what we haven’t even thought of yet.
|
||||
|
||||
[Discover Intelligent Automation at Blue Planet][5]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3388217/ai-ops-let-the-data-talk.html#tk.rss_all
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Marie Fiala, Director of Portfolio Marketing for Blue Planet at Ciena][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/04/istock-957627892-100793278-large.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/04/marla-100793273-small.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/04/ciena-post-5-image-1-100793275-large.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/04/ciena-post-5-image-2-100793276-large.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://www.blueplanet.com/resources/Intelligent-Automation-Driving-Digital-Automation-for-Service-Providers.html?utm_campaign=X1058319&utm_source=NWW&utm_term=BPVision&utm_medium=newsletter
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Cisco, Google reenergize multicloud/hybrid cloud joint development)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3388218/cisco-google-reenergize-multicloudhybrid-cloud-joint-development.html#tk.rss_all)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Michael Cooney https://www.networkworld.com/author/Michael-Cooney/)
|
||||
|
||||
Cisco, Google reenergize multicloud/hybrid cloud joint development
|
||||
======
|
||||
Cisco, VMware, HPE and others tap into new Google Cloud Athos cloud technology
|
||||
![Thinkstock][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Cisco and Google have expanded their joint cloud-development activities to help customers more easily build secure multicloud and hybrid applications everywhere from on-premises data centers to public clouds.
|
||||
|
||||
**[Check out[what hybrid cloud computing is][2] and learn [what you need to know about multi-cloud][3]. Get regularly scheduled insights by [signing up for Network World newsletters][4]]**
|
||||
|
||||
The expansion centers around Google’s new open-source hybrid cloud package called Anthos, which was introduced at the company’s Google Next event this week. Anthos is based on – and supplants – the company's existing Google Cloud Service beta. Anthos will let customers run applications, unmodified, on existing on-premises hardware or in the public cloud and will be available on [Google Cloud Platform][5] (GCP) with [Google Kubernetes Engine][6] (GKE), and in data centers with [GKE On-Prem][7], the company says. Anthos will also let customers for the first time manage workloads running on third-party clouds such as AWS and Azure from the Google platform without requiring administrators and developers to learn different environments and APIs, Google said.
|
||||
|
||||
Essentially, Athos offers a single managed service that promises to let customers manage and deploy workloads across clouds, without having to worry about dissimilar environments or APIs.
|
||||
|
||||
As part of the rollout, Google also announced a beta program called[ Anthos Migrate][8] that Google says auto-migrates VMs from on-premises, or other clouds, directly into containers in GKE. “This unique migration technology lets you migrate and modernize your infrastructure in one streamlined motion, without upfront modifications to the original VMs or applications,” Google said. It gives companies the flexibility to move on-prem apps to a cloud environment at the customers pace, Google said.
|
||||
|
||||
### Cisco and Google
|
||||
|
||||
For its part Cisco announced support of Anthos and promised to tightly integrate it with Cisco data center-technologies, such as its HyperFlex hyperconverged package, Application Centric Infrastructure (Cisco’s flagship SDN offering), SD-WAN and Stealthwatch Cloud. The integrations will enable a consistent, cloud-like experience whether on-prem or in the cloud with automatic upgrades to the latest versions and security patches, Cisco stated.
|
||||
|
||||
"Google Cloud’s expertise in containerization and service mesh – Kubernetes and Istio, respectively – as well as their leadership in the developer community, combined with Cisco’s enterprise-class networking, compute, storage and security products and services makes for a winning combination for our customers," [wrote][9] Kip Compton, Cisco senior vice president, Cloud Platform and Solutions Group. “The Cisco integrations for Anthos will help customers build and manage multicloud and hybrid applications across their on-premises datacenters and public clouds and let them focus on innovation and agility without compromising security or increasing complexity.”
|
||||
|
||||
### Google Cloud and Cisco
|
||||
|
||||
Eyal Manor, vice president, engineering at Google Cloud, [wrote][10] that with Cisco’s support for Anthos, customers will be able to:
|
||||
|
||||
* Benefit from a fully-managed service, like GKE, and Cisco’s hyperconverged infrastructure, networking, and security technologies.
|
||||
* Operate consistently across an enterprise data center and the cloud.
|
||||
* Consume cloud services from an enterprise data center.
|
||||
* Modernize now on premises with the latest cloud technologies.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Cisco and Google have been working closely together since October 2017, when the companies said they were working on an open hybrid cloud platform that bridges on-premises and cloud environments. That package, [Cisco Hybrid Cloud Platform for Google Cloud][11], became generally available in September 2018. It lets customer develop enterprise-grade capabilities from Google Cloud-managed Kubernetes containers that include Cisco networking and security technology as well as service mesh monitoring from Istio.
|
||||
|
||||
Google says Istio’s open-source, container- and microservice-optimized technology offers developers a uniform way to connect, secure, manage and monitor microservices across clouds through service-to-service level mTLS [Mutual Transport Layer Security] authentication access control. As a result, customers can easily implement new, portable services and centrally configure and manage those services.
|
||||
|
||||
Cisco wasn’t the only vendor to announce support for Anthos. At least 30 other big Google partners including [VMware][12], [Dell EMC][13], [HPE][14], Intel, and Lenovo committed to delivering Anthos on their own hyperconverged infrastructure for their customers, Google stated.
|
||||
|
||||
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][15] and [LinkedIn][16] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3388218/cisco-google-reenergize-multicloudhybrid-cloud-joint-development.html#tk.rss_all
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Michael Cooney][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Michael-Cooney/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://images.techhive.com/images/article/2016/12/hybrid_cloud-100700390-large.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3233132/cloud-computing/what-is-hybrid-cloud-computing.html
|
||||
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3252775/hybrid-cloud/multicloud-mania-what-to-know.html
|
||||
[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html
|
||||
[5]: https://cloud.google.com/
|
||||
[6]: https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/
|
||||
[7]: https://cloud.google.com/gke-on-prem/
|
||||
[8]: https://cloud.google.com/contact/
|
||||
[9]: https://blogs.cisco.com/news/next-phase-cisco-google-cloud
|
||||
[10]: https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/partners/google-cloud-partners-with-cisco-on-hybrid-cloud-next19?utm_medium=unpaidsocial&utm_campaign=global-googlecloud-liveevent&utm_content=event-next
|
||||
[11]: https://cloud.google.com/cisco/
|
||||
[12]: https://blogs.vmware.com/networkvirtualization/2019/04/vmware-and-google-showcase-hybrid-cloud-deployment.html/
|
||||
[13]: https://www.dellemc.com/en-us/index.htm
|
||||
[14]: https://www.hpe.com/us/en/newsroom/blog-post/2019/04/hpe-and-google-cloud-join-forces-to-accelerate-innovation-with-hybrid-cloud-solutions-optimized-for-containerized-applications.html
|
||||
[15]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[16]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
65
sources/tech/20190409 Enhanced security at the edge.md
Normal file
65
sources/tech/20190409 Enhanced security at the edge.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Enhanced security at the edge)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3388130/enhanced-security-at-the-edge.html#tk.rss_all)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Anne Taylor https://www.networkworld.com/author/Anne-Taylor/)
|
||||
|
||||
Enhanced security at the edge
|
||||
======
|
||||
The risks presented by edge computing environments necessitates that companies pay special attention to security measures.
|
||||
![iStock][1]
|
||||
|
||||
It’s becoming a cliché to say that data security is a top concern among executives and boards of directors. The problem is: the problem just won’t go away.
|
||||
|
||||
Hackers and attackers are ever finding new ways to exploit weaknesses. Just as companies start to use emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning to protect their organizations in an automated fashion, [so too are bad actors][2] using these tools to further their goals.
|
||||
|
||||
In a nutshell, security simply cannot be overlooked. And now, as companies [increasingly adopt][3] edge computing, there are new considerations to securing these environments.
|
||||
|
||||
**More risks at the edge**
|
||||
|
||||
As a [Network World article][4] suggests, edge computing places a new focus on physical security. That’s not to dismiss the need to secure data in transit. However, it’s the actual physical sites and equipment that deserve special attention.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, edge hardware is often situated in larger corporate or wide-open spaces, sometimes in highly accessible, shared offices and public areas. Ostensibly, this is to take advantage of the cost savings and faster access associated with data not having to travel back and forth to the data center.
|
||||
|
||||
However, without any level of access control, this equipment is at risk of both malicious actions and simple human error. Imagine an office cleaner accidentally turning off a device, and the resulting effects of subsequent downtime.
|
||||
|
||||
Another risk is “Shadow edge IT.” Sometimes non-IT staff will deploy an edge site to quickly launch a project, without letting the IT department know this site is now connecting to the network. For example, a retail store might take the initiative to install its own digital signage. Or, a sales team could apply IoT sensors to TVs and deployed them on-the-fly at a sales demo.
|
||||
|
||||
In these cases, IT may have little or no visibility into these devices and edge sites, leaving the network potentially exposed.
|
||||
|
||||
**Securing the edge**
|
||||
|
||||
An easy way to avoid these risks is to deploy a micro data center (MDC).
|
||||
|
||||
> “Most of these [edge] environments have historically been uncontrolled,” [said Kevin Brown][5], SVP Innovation and CTO for Schneider Electric’s Secure Power Division. “They might be a Tier 1, but likely a Tier 0 type of design — they’re like open wiring closets. They now need to be treated like micro data centers. You need to be able to manage them as you would a mission-critical data center.”
|
||||
|
||||
Just as it sounds, this solution is a secure, self-contained enclosure that includes all the storage, processing, and networking that’s required to run applications both indoors and outdoors. It also includes the necessary power, cooling, security, and management tools.
|
||||
|
||||
The best part is the high level of security. The unit is enclosed, with locking doors, to prevent unauthorized access. And with the right vendor, the MDC can be customized to include surveillance cameras, sensors, and monitoring technology for remote digital management.
|
||||
|
||||
As companies increasingly take advantage of the benefits of edge computing, it’s critical they also take advantage of security solutions to protect their data and environments.
|
||||
|
||||
Discover how to best secure your edge computing environment at [APC.com][6].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3388130/enhanced-security-at-the-edge.html#tk.rss_all
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Anne Taylor][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Anne-Taylor/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/04/istock-1091707448-100793312-large.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.csoonline.com/article/3250144/6-ways-hackers-will-use-machine-learning-to-launch-attacks.html
|
||||
[3]: https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/edge-computing-market-2018-global-analysis-opportunities-and-forecast-to-2023-2018-08-20
|
||||
[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3224893/what-is-edge-computing-and-how-it-s-changing-the-network.html
|
||||
[5]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1NLk1cXEukQ
|
||||
[6]: https://www.apc.com/us/en/solutions/business-solutions/edge-computing.jsp
|
||||
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( NeverKnowsTomorrow )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Juniper opens SD-WAN service for the cloud)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3388030/juniper-opens-sd-wan-service-for-the-cloud.html#tk.rss_all)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Michael Cooney https://www.networkworld.com/author/Michael-Cooney/)
|
||||
|
||||
Juniper opens SD-WAN service for the cloud
|
||||
======
|
||||
Juniper rolls out its Contrail SD-WAN cloud offering.
|
||||
![Thinkstock][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Juniper has taken the wraps off a cloud-based SD-WAN service it says will ease the management and bolster the security of wired and wireless-connected branch office networks.
|
||||
|
||||
The Contrail SD-WAN cloud offering expands on the company’s existing on-premise ([SRX][2]-based) and virtual ([NFX][3]-based) SD-WAN offerings to include greater expansion possibilities – up to 10,000 spoke-attached sites and support for more variants of passive redundant hybrid WAN links – and topologies such as hub and spoke, partial, and dynamic full mesh, Juniper stated.
|
||||
|
||||
**More about SD-WAN**
|
||||
|
||||
* [How to buy SD-WAN technology: Key questions to consider when selecting a supplier][4]
|
||||
* [How to pick an off-site data-backup method][5]
|
||||
* [SD-Branch: What it is and why you’ll need it][6]
|
||||
* [What are the options for security SD-WAN?][7]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The service brings with it Juniper’s Contrail Service Orchestration package, which secures, automates, and runs the service life cycle across [NFX Series][3] Network Services Platforms, [EX Series][8] Ethernet Switches, [SRX Series][2] next-generation firewalls, and [MX Series][9] 5G Universal Routing Platforms. Ultimately it lets customers manage and set up SD-WANs all from a single portal.
|
||||
|
||||
The package is also a service orchestrator for the [vSRX][10] Virtual Firewall and [vMX][11] Virtual Router, available in public cloud marketplaces such as Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure, Juniper said. The SD-WAN offering also includes integration with cloud security provider ZScaler.
|
||||
|
||||
Contrail Service Orchestration offers organizations visibility across SD-WAN, as well as branch wired and now wireless infrastructure. Monitoring and intelligent analytics offer real-time insight into network operations, allowing administrators to preempt looming threats and degradations, as well as pinpoint issues for faster recovery.
|
||||
|
||||
The new service also includes support for Juniper’s [recently acquired][12] Mist Systems wireless technology, which lets the service access and manage Mist’s wireless access points, allowing customers to meld wireless and wired networks.
|
||||
|
||||
Juniper recently closed the agreement to buy innovative wireless-gear-maker Mist for $405 million. Mist touts itself as having developed an artificial-intelligence-based wireless platform that makes Wi-Fi more predictable, reliable, and measurable.
|
||||
|
||||
With Contrail, administrators can control a growing mix of legacy and modern scale-out architectures while automating their operational workflows using software that provides smarter, easier-to-use automation, orchestration and infrastructure visibility, wrote Juniper CTO [Bikash Koley][13] in a [blog about the SD-WAN announcement][14].
|
||||
|
||||
“Management complexity and policy enforcement are traditional network administrator fears, while both data and network security are growing in importance for organizations of all sizes,” Koley stated. ** **“Cloud-delivered SD-WAN removes the complexity of software operations, arguably the most difficult part of Software Defined Networking.”
|
||||
|
||||
Analysts said the Juniper announcement could help the company compete in a super-competitive, rapidly evolving SD-WAN world.
|
||||
|
||||
“The announcement is more a ‘me too’ than a particular technological breakthrough,” said Lee Doyle, principal analyst with Doyle Research. “The Mist integration is what’s interesting here, and that could help them, but there are 15 to 20 other vendors that have the same technology, bigger partners, and bigger sales channels than Juniper does.”
|
||||
|
||||
Indeed the SD-WAN arena is a crowded one with Cisco, VMware, Silver Peak, Riverbed, Aryaka, Nokia, and Versa among the players.
|
||||
|
||||
The cloud-based Contrail SD-WAN offering is available as an annual or multi-year subscription.
|
||||
|
||||
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][15] and [LinkedIn][16] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3388030/juniper-opens-sd-wan-service-for-the-cloud.html#tk.rss_all
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Michael Cooney][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Michael-Cooney/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2018/01/cloud_network_blockchain_bitcoin_storage-100745950-large.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.juniper.net/us/en/products-services/security/srx-series/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.juniper.net/us/en/products-services/sdn/nfx-series/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3323407/sd-wan/how-to-buy-sd-wan-technology-key-questions-to-consider-when-selecting-a-supplier.html
|
||||
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3328488/backup-systems-and-services/how-to-pick-an-off-site-data-backup-method.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3250664/lan-wan/sd-branch-what-it-is-and-why-youll-need-it.html
|
||||
[7]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3285728/sd-wan/what-are-the-options-for-securing-sd-wan.html?nsdr=true
|
||||
[8]: https://www.juniper.net/us/en/products-services/switching/ex-series/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.juniper.net/us/en/products-services/routing/mx-series/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.juniper.net/us/en/products-services/security/srx-series/vsrx/
|
||||
[11]: https://www.juniper.net/us/en/products-services/routing/mx-series/vmx/
|
||||
[12]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3353042/juniper-grabs-mist-for-wireless-ai-cloud-service-delivery-technology.html
|
||||
[13]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3324374/juniper-cto-talks-cloud-intent-computing-revolution-high-speed-networking-and-open-source-growth.html?nsdr=true
|
||||
[14]: https://forums.juniper.net/t5/Engineering-Simplicity/Cloud-Delivered-Branch-Simplicity-Now-Surpasses-SD-WAN/ba-p/461188
|
||||
[15]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[16]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (The Microsoft/BMW IoT Open Manufacturing Platform might not be so open)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3387642/the-microsoftbmw-iot-open-manufacturing-platform-might-not-be-so-open.html#tk.rss_all)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Fredric Paul https://www.networkworld.com/author/Fredric-Paul/)
|
||||
|
||||
The Microsoft/BMW IoT Open Manufacturing Platform might not be so open
|
||||
======
|
||||
The new industrial IoT Open Manufacturing Platform from Microsoft and BMW runs only on Microsoft Azure. That could be an issue.
|
||||
![Martyn Williams][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Last week at [Hannover Messe][2], Microsoft and German carmaker BMW announced a partnership to build a hardware and software technology framework and reference architecture for the industrial internet of things (IoT), and foster a community to spread these smart-factory solutions across the automotive and manufacturing industries.
|
||||
|
||||
The stated goal of the [Open Manufacturing Platform (OMP)][3]? According to the press release, it's “to drive open industrial IoT development and help grow a community to build future [Industry 4.0][4] solutions.” To make that a reality, the companies said that by the end of 2019, they plan to attract four to six partners — including manufacturers and suppliers from both inside and outside the automotive industry — and to have rolled out at least 15 use cases operating in actual production environments.
|
||||
|
||||
**[ Read also:[An inside look at an IIoT-powered smart factory][5] | Get regularly scheduled insights: [Sign up for Network World newsletters][6] ]**
|
||||
|
||||
### Complex and proprietary is bad for IoT
|
||||
|
||||
It sounds like a great idea, right? As the companies rightly point out, many of today’s industrial IoT solutions rely on “complex, proprietary systems that create data silos and slow productivity.” Who wouldn’t want to “standardize data models that enable analytics and machine learning scenarios” and “accelerate future industrial IoT developments, shorten time to value, and drive production efficiencies while addressing common industrial challenges”?
|
||||
|
||||
But before you get too excited, let’s talk about a key word in the effort: open. As Scott Guthrie, executive vice president of Microsoft Cloud + AI Group, said in a statement, "Our commitment to building an open community will create new opportunities for collaboration across the entire manufacturing value chain."
|
||||
|
||||
### The Open Manufacturing Platform is open only to Microsoft Azure
|
||||
|
||||
However, that will happen as long as all that collaboration occurs in Microsoft Azure. I’m not saying Azure isn’t up to the task, but it’s hardly the only (or even the leading) cloud platform interested in the industrial IoT. Putting everything in Azure might be an issue to those potential OMP partners. It’s an “open” question as to how many companies already invested in Amazon Web Services (AWS) or the Google Cloud Platform (GCP) will be willing to make the switch or go multi-cloud just to take advantage of the OMP.
|
||||
|
||||
My guess is that Microsoft and BMW won’t have too much trouble meeting their initial goals for the OMP. It shouldn’t be that hard to get a handful of existing Azure customers to come up with 15 use cases leveraging advances in analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital feedback loops. (As an example, the companies cited the autonomous transport systems in BMW’s factory in Regensburg, Germany, part of the more than 3,000 machines, robots and transport systems connected with the BMW Group’s IoT platform, which — naturally — is built on Microsoft Azure's cloud.)
|
||||
|
||||
### Will non-Azure users jump on board the OMP?
|
||||
|
||||
The question is whether tying all this to a single cloud provider will affect the effort to attract enough new companies — including companies not currently using Azure — to establish a truly viable open platform?
|
||||
|
||||
Perhaps [Stacey Higginbotham at Stacy on IoT put it best][7]:
|
||||
|
||||
> “What they really launched is a reference design for manufacturers to work from.”
|
||||
|
||||
That’s not nothing, of course, but it’s a lot less ambitious than building a new industrial IoT platform. And it may not easily fulfill the vision of a community working together to create shared solutions that benefit everyone.
|
||||
|
||||
**[ Now read this:[Why are IoT platforms so darn confusing?][8] ]**
|
||||
|
||||
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][9] and [LinkedIn][10] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3387642/the-microsoftbmw-iot-open-manufacturing-platform-might-not-be-so-open.html#tk.rss_all
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Fredric Paul][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Fredric-Paul/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://images.techhive.com/images/article/2017/01/20170107_105344-100702818-large.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.hannovermesse.de/home
|
||||
[3]: https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/microsoft-and-the-bmw-group-launch-the-open-manufacturing-platform-859672858.html
|
||||
[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_4.0
|
||||
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3384378/an-inside-look-at-tempo-automations-iiot-powered-smart-factory.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html
|
||||
[7]: https://mailchi.mp/iotpodcast/stacey-on-iot-industrial-iot-reminds-me-of-apples-ecosystem?e=6bf9beb394
|
||||
[8]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3336166/why-are-iot-platforms-so-darn-confusing.html
|
||||
[9]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (What it takes to become a blockchain developer)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/4/blockchain-career-developer)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Joseph Mugo https://opensource.com/users/mugo)
|
||||
|
||||
What it takes to become a blockchain developer
|
||||
======
|
||||
If you’ve been considering a career in blockchain development, the time
|
||||
to get your foot in the door is now. Here's how to get started.
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
The past decade has been an interesting time for the development of decentralized technologies. Before 2009, the progress was slow and without any clear direction until Satoshi Nakamoto created and deployed Bitcoin. That brought blockchain, the record-keeping technology behind Bitcoin, into the limelight.
|
||||
|
||||
Since then, we've seen blockchain revolutionize various concepts that we used to take for granted, such as monitoring supply chains, [creating digital identities,][2] [tracking jewelry][3], and [managing shipping systems.][4] Companies such as IBM and Samsung are at the forefront of blockchain as the underlying infrastructure for the next wave of tech innovation. There is no doubt that blockchain's role will grow in the years to come.
|
||||
|
||||
Thus, it's no surprise that there's a high demand for blockchain developers. LinkedIn put "blockchain developers" at the top of its 2018 [emerging jobs report][5] with an expected 33-fold growth. The freelancing site Upwork also released a report showing that blockchain was one of the [fastest growing skills][6] out of more than 5,000 in its index.
|
||||
|
||||
Describing the internet in 2003, [Jeff Bezos said][7], "we are at the 1908 Hurley washing machine stage." The same can be said about blockchain today. The industry is busy building its foundation. If you've been considering a career as a blockchain developer, the time to get your foot in the door is now.
|
||||
|
||||
However, you may not know where to start. It can be frustrating to go through countless blog posts and white papers or messy Slack channels when trying to find your footing. This article is a report on what I learned when contemplating whether I should become a blockchain developer. I'll approach it from the basics, with resources for each topic you need to master to be industry-ready.
|
||||
|
||||
### Technical fundamentals
|
||||
|
||||
Although you're won't be expected to build a blockchain from scratch, you need to be skilled enough to handle the duties of blockchain development. A bachelor's degree in computer science or information security is required. You also need to have some fundamentals in data structures, cryptography, and networking and distributed systems.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Data structures
|
||||
|
||||
The complexity of blockchain requires a solid understanding of data structures. At the core, a distributed ledger is like a network of replicated databases, only it stores information in blocks rather than tables. The blocks are also cryptographically secured to ensure their integrity every time a block is added.
|
||||
|
||||
For this reason, you have to know how common data structures, such as binary search trees, hash maps, graphs, and linked lists, work. It's even better if you can build them from scratch.
|
||||
|
||||
This [GitHub repository][8] contains all information newbies need to learn data structures and algorithms. Common languages such as Python, Java, Scala, C, C-Sharp, and C++ are featured.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Cryptography
|
||||
|
||||
Cryptography is the foundation of blockchain; it is what makes cryptocurrencies work. The Bitcoin blockchain employs public-key cryptography to create digital signatures and hash functions. You might be discouraged if you don't have a strong math background, but Stanford offers [a free course][9] that's perfect for newbies. You'll learn about authenticated encryption, message integrity, and block ciphers.
|
||||
|
||||
You should also study [RSA][10], which doesn't require a strong background in mathematics, and look at [ECDSA][11] (elliptic curve cryptography).
|
||||
|
||||
And don't forget [cryptographic hash functions][12]. They are the equations that enable most forms of encryptions on the internet. They keep payments secure on e-commerce sites and are the core mechanism behind the HTTPS protocol. There's extensive use of cryptographic hash functions in blockchain.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Networking and distributed systems
|
||||
|
||||
Build a good foundation in understanding how distributed ledgers work. Also understand how peer-to-peer networks work, which translates to a good foundation in computer networks, from networking topologies to routing.
|
||||
|
||||
In blockchain, the processing power is harnessed from connected computers. For seamless recording and interchange of information between these devices, you need to understand about [Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus][13], which is a key security feature in blockchain. You don't need to know everything; an understanding of how distributed systems work is good enough.
|
||||
|
||||
Stanford has a free, self-paced [course on computer networking][14] if you need to start from scratch. You can also consult this list of [awesome material on distributed systems][15].
|
||||
|
||||
### Cryptonomics
|
||||
|
||||
We've covered some of the most important technical bits. It's time to talk about the economics of this industry. Although cryptocurrencies don't have central banks to monitor the money supply or keep crypto companies in check, it's essential to understand the economic structures woven around them.
|
||||
|
||||
You'll need to understand game theory, the ideal mathematical framework for modeling scenarios in which conflicts of interest exist among involved parties. Take a look at Michael Karnjanaprakorn's [Beginner's Guide to Game Theory][16]. It's lucid and well explained.
|
||||
|
||||
You also need to understand what affects currency valuation and the various monetary policies that affect cryptocurrencies. Here are some books you can refer to:
|
||||
|
||||
* _[The Business Blockchain: Promise, Practice, and Application of the Next Internet Technology][17]_ by William Mougayar
|
||||
* _[Blockchain: Blueprint for the New Economy][18]_ by Melanie Swan
|
||||
* _[Blockchain: The Blockchain For Beginners Guide to Blockchain Technology and Leveraging Blockchain Programming][19]_ by Josh Thompsons
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Depending on how skilled you are, you won't need to go through all those materials. But once you're done, you'll understand the fundamentals of blockchain. Then you can dive into the good stuff.
|
||||
|
||||
### Smart contracts
|
||||
|
||||
A [smart contract][20] is a program that runs on the blockchain once a transaction is complete to enhance blockchain's capabilities.
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike traditional judicial systems, smart contracts are enforced automatically and impartially. There are also no middlemen, so you don't need a lawyer to oversee a transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
As smart contracts get more complex, they become harder to secure. You need to be aware of every possible way a smart contract can be executed and ensure that it does what is expected. At the moment, not many developers can properly optimize and audit smart contracts.
|
||||
|
||||
### Decentralized applications
|
||||
|
||||
Decentralized applications (DApps) are software built on blockchains. As a blockchain developer, there are several platforms where you can build a DApp. Here are some of them:
|
||||
|
||||
#### Ethereum
|
||||
|
||||
Ethereum is Vitalik Buterin's brainchild. It went live in 2015 and is one of the most popular development platforms. Ether is the cryptocurrency that fuels the Ethereum.
|
||||
|
||||
It has its own language called Solidity, which is similar to C++ and JavaScript. If you've got any experience with either, you'll pick it up easily.
|
||||
|
||||
One thing that makes Solidity unique is that it is smart-contract oriented.
|
||||
|
||||
#### NEO
|
||||
|
||||
Originally known as Antshares, NEO was founded by Erik Zhang and Da Hongfei in 2014. It became NEO in 2017. Unlike Ethereum, it's not limited to one language. You can use different programming languages to build your DApps on NEO, including C# and Java. Experienced users can easily start building DApps on NEO. It's focused on providing platforms for future digital businesses.
|
||||
|
||||
Consider NEO if you have applications that will need to process lots of transactions per second. However, it works closely with the Chinese government and follows Chinese business regulations.
|
||||
|
||||
#### EOS
|
||||
|
||||
EOS blockchain aims to be a decentralized operating system that can support industrial-scale applications. It's basically like Ethereum, but with faster transaction speeds and more scalable.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Hyperledger
|
||||
|
||||
Hyperledger is an open source collaborative platform that was created to develop cross-industry blockchain technologies. The Linux Foundation hosts Hyperledger as a hub for open industrial blockchain development.
|
||||
|
||||
### Learning resources
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some courses and other resources that'll help make you an industry-ready blockchain developer.
|
||||
|
||||
* The University of Buffalo and The State University of New York have a [blockchain specialization course][21] that also teaches smart contracts. You can complete it in two months if you put in 10 hours per week. You'll learn about designing and implementing smart contracts and various methods for developing decentralized applications on blockchain.
|
||||
* [DApps for Beginners][22] offers tutorials and other information to get you started on creating decentralized apps on the Ethereum blockchain. You'll need to know JavaScript, and knowledge of C++ is an added advantage.
|
||||
* IBM also offers [Blockchain for Developers][23], where you'll work with IBM's private blockchain and build smart contracts using the [Hyperledger Fabric][24].
|
||||
* For $3,500 you can enroll in MIT's online [Blockchain Technologies: Business Innovation and Application][25] program, which examines blockchain from an economic perspective. You need deep pockets for this one; it's meant for executives who want to know how blockchain can be used in their organizations.
|
||||
* If you're willing to commit 10 hours per week, Udacity's [Blockchain Developer Nanodegree][26] can prepare you to become an industry-ready blockchain developer in six months. Before enrolling, you should have some experience in object-oriented programming. You should also have developed the frontend and backend of a web application with JavaScript. And you're required to have used a remote API to create and consume data. You'll work with Bitcoin and Ethereum protocols to build projects for real-world applications.
|
||||
* If you need to shore up your foundations, you may be interested in the Open Source Society University's wildly popular and [free computer science curriculum][27].
|
||||
* You can read a variety of articles about [blockchain in open source][28] on [Opensource.com][29].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Types of blockchain development
|
||||
|
||||
What does a blockchain developer really do? It doesn't involve building a blockchain from scratch. Depending on the organization you work for, here are some of the categories that blockchain developers fall under.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Backend developers
|
||||
|
||||
In this case, the developer is responsible for:
|
||||
|
||||
* Designing and developing APIs for blockchain integration
|
||||
* Doing performance testing and deployment
|
||||
* Gathering requirements and working side-by-side with other developers and designers to design software
|
||||
* Providing technical support
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Blockchain-specific
|
||||
|
||||
Blockchain developers and project managers fall under this category. Their main roles include:
|
||||
|
||||
* Developing and maintaining decentralized applications
|
||||
* Supervising and planning blockchain projects
|
||||
* Advising companies on how to structure initial coin offerings (ICOs)
|
||||
* Understanding what a company needs and creating apps that address those needs
|
||||
* For project managers, organizing training for employees
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Smart-contract engineers
|
||||
|
||||
This type of developer is required to know a smart-contract language like Solidity, Python, or Go. Their main roles include:
|
||||
|
||||
* Auditing and developing smart contracts
|
||||
* Meeting with users and buyers
|
||||
* Understanding business flow and security to ensure there are no loopholes in smart contracts
|
||||
* Doing end-to-end business process testing
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The state of the industry
|
||||
|
||||
There's a wide base of knowledge to help you become a blockchain developer. If you're interested in joining the field, it's an opportunity for you to make a difference by pioneering the next wave of tech innovations. It pays very well and is in high demand. There's also a wide community you can join to help you gain entry as an actual developer, including [Ethereum Stack Exchange][30] and meetup events around the world.
|
||||
|
||||
The banking sector, the insurance industry, governments, and retail industries are some of the sectors where blockchain developers can work. If you're willing to work for it, being a blockchain developer is an excellent career choice. Currently, the need outpaces available talent by far.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/blockchain-career-developer
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Joseph Mugo][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/mugo
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/EDU_UnspokenBlockers_1110_A.png?itok=x8A9mqVA
|
||||
[2]: https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/02/16/this-is-really-happening-microsoft-is-developing-b.aspx
|
||||
[3]: https://www.engadget.com/2018/04/26/ibm-blockchain-jewelry-provenance/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.engadget.com/2018/04/16/samsung-blockchain-based-global-shipping-system/
|
||||
[5]: https://economicgraph.linkedin.com/research/linkedin-2018-emerging-jobs-report
|
||||
[6]: https://www.upwork.com/blog/2018/05/fastest-growing-skills-upwork-q1-2018/
|
||||
[7]: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB104690855395981400
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/TheAlgorithms
|
||||
[9]: https://www.coursera.org/learn/crypto
|
||||
[10]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_(cryptosystem)
|
||||
[11]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm
|
||||
[12]: https://komodoplatform.com/cryptographic-hash-function/
|
||||
[13]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_fault
|
||||
[14]: https://lagunita.stanford.edu/courses/Engineering/Networking-SP/SelfPaced/about
|
||||
[15]: https://github.com/theanalyst/awesome-distributed-systems
|
||||
[16]: https://hackernoon.com/beginners-guide-to-game-theory-31e3e6adcec9
|
||||
[17]: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01EIGP8HG/
|
||||
[18]: https://www.amazon.com/Blockchain-Blueprint-Economy-Melanie-Swan/dp/1491920491
|
||||
[19]: https://www.amazon.com/Blockchain-Beginners-Technology-Leveraging-Programming-ebook/dp/B0711RN8KJ
|
||||
[20]: https://lifeinpaces.com/2019/03/04/ethereum-smart-contracts-how-do-they-work/
|
||||
[21]: https://www.coursera.org/specializations/blockchain?aid=true
|
||||
[22]: https://dappsforbeginners.wordpress.com/
|
||||
[23]: https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/cl-ibm-blockchain-101-quick-start-guide-for-developers-bluemix-trs/#start
|
||||
[24]: https://www.hyperledger.org/projects/fabric
|
||||
[25]: https://executive.mit.edu/openenrollment/program/blockchain-technologies-business-innovation-and-application-self-paced-online/#.XJSk-CgzbRY
|
||||
[26]: https://www.udacity.com/course/blockchain-developer-nanodegree--nd1309
|
||||
[27]: https://github.com/ossu/computer-science
|
||||
[28]: https://opensource.com/tags/blockchain
|
||||
[29]: http://Opensource.com
|
||||
[30]: https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/
|
||||
267
sources/tech/20190409 Working with variables on Linux.md
Normal file
267
sources/tech/20190409 Working with variables on Linux.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Working with variables on Linux)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3387154/working-with-variables-on-linux.html#tk.rss_all)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
|
||||
|
||||
Working with variables on Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
Variables often look like $var, but they also look like $1, $*, $? and $$. Let's take a look at what all these $ values can tell you.
|
||||
![Mike Lawrence \(CC BY 2.0\)][1]
|
||||
|
||||
A lot of important values are stored on Linux systems in what we call “variables,” but there are actually several types of variables and some interesting commands that can help you work with them. In a previous post, we looked at [environment variables][2] and where they are defined. In this post, we're going to look at variables that are used on the command line and within scripts.
|
||||
|
||||
### User variables
|
||||
|
||||
While it's quite easy to set up a variable on the command line, there are a few interesting tricks. To set up a variable, all you need to do is something like this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ myvar=11
|
||||
$ myvar2="eleven"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To display the values, you simply do this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ echo $myvar
|
||||
11
|
||||
$ echo $myvar2
|
||||
eleven
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can also work with your variables. For example, to increment a numeric variable, you could use any of these commands:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ myvar=$((myvar+1))
|
||||
$ echo $myvar
|
||||
12
|
||||
$ ((myvar=myvar+1))
|
||||
$ echo $myvar
|
||||
13
|
||||
$ ((myvar+=1))
|
||||
$ echo $myvar
|
||||
14
|
||||
$ ((myvar++))
|
||||
$ echo $myvar
|
||||
15
|
||||
$ let "myvar=myvar+1"
|
||||
$ echo $myvar
|
||||
16
|
||||
$ let "myvar+=1"
|
||||
$ echo $myvar
|
||||
17
|
||||
$ let "myvar++"
|
||||
$ echo $myvar
|
||||
18
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
With some of these, you can add more than 1 to a variable's value. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ myvar0=0
|
||||
$ ((myvar0++))
|
||||
$ echo $myvar0
|
||||
1
|
||||
$ ((myvar0+=10))
|
||||
$ echo $myvar0
|
||||
11
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
With all these choices, you'll probably find at least one that is easy to remember and convenient to use.
|
||||
|
||||
You can also _unset_ a variable — basically undefining it.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unset myvar
|
||||
$ echo $myvar
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Another interesting option is that you can set up a variable and make it **read-only**. In other words, once set to read-only, its value cannot be changed (at least not without some very tricky command line wizardry). That means you can't unset it either.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ readonly myvar3=1
|
||||
$ echo $myvar3
|
||||
1
|
||||
$ ((myvar3++))
|
||||
-bash: myvar3: readonly variable
|
||||
$ unset myvar3
|
||||
-bash: unset: myvar3: cannot unset: readonly variable
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can use any of those setting and incrementing options for assigning and manipulating variables within scripts, but there are also some very useful _internal variables_ for working within scripts. Note that you can't reassign their values or increment them.
|
||||
|
||||
### Internal variables
|
||||
|
||||
There are quite a few variables that can be used within scripts to evaluate arguments and display information about the script itself.
|
||||
|
||||
* $1, $2, $3 etc. represent the first, second, third, etc. arguments to the script.
|
||||
* $# represents the number of arguments.
|
||||
* $* represents the string of arguments.
|
||||
* $0 represents the name of the script itself.
|
||||
* $? represents the return code of the previously run command (0=success).
|
||||
* $$ shows the process ID for the script.
|
||||
* $PPID shows the process ID for your shell (the parent process for the script).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Some of these variables also work on the command line but show related information:
|
||||
|
||||
* $0 shows the name of the shell you're using (e.g., -bash).
|
||||
* $$ shows the process ID for your shell.
|
||||
* $PPID shows the process ID for your shell's parent process (for me, this is sshd).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If we throw all of these variables into a script just to see the results, we might do this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
echo $0
|
||||
echo $1
|
||||
echo $2
|
||||
echo $#
|
||||
echo $*
|
||||
echo $?
|
||||
echo $$
|
||||
echo $PPID
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
When we call this script, we'll see something like this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ tryme one two three
|
||||
/home/shs/bin/tryme <== script name
|
||||
one <== first argument
|
||||
two <== second argument
|
||||
3 <== number of arguments
|
||||
one two three <== all arguments
|
||||
0 <== return code from previous echo command
|
||||
10410 <== script's process ID
|
||||
10109 <== parent process's ID
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If we check the process ID of the shell once the script is done running, we can see that it matches the PPID displayed within the script:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ echo $$
|
||||
10109 <== shell's process ID
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, we're more likely to use these variables in considerably more useful ways than simply displaying their values. Let's check out some ways we might do this.
|
||||
|
||||
Checking to see if arguments have been provided:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
if [ $# == 0 ]; then
|
||||
echo "$0 filename"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Checking to see if a particular process is running:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ps -ef | grep apache2 > /dev/null
|
||||
if [ $? != 0 ]; then
|
||||
echo Apache is not running
|
||||
exit
|
||||
fi
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Verifying that a file exists before trying to access it:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
|
||||
echo "Usage: $0 lines filename"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
if [ ! -f $2 ]; then
|
||||
echo "Error: File $2 not found"
|
||||
exit 2
|
||||
else
|
||||
head -$1 $2
|
||||
fi
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
And in this little script, we check if the correct number of arguments have been provided, if the first argument is numeric, and if the second argument is an existing file.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
|
||||
echo "Usage: $0 lines filename"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
if [[ $1 != [0-9]* ]]; then
|
||||
echo "Error: $1 is not numeric"
|
||||
exit 2
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
if [ ! -f $2 ]; then
|
||||
echo "Error: File $2 not found"
|
||||
exit 3
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo top of file
|
||||
head -$1 $2
|
||||
fi
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Renaming variables
|
||||
|
||||
When writing a complicated script, it's often useful to assign names to the script's arguments rather than continuing to refer to them as $1, $2, and so on. By the 35th line, someone reading your script might have forgotten what $2 represents. It will be a lot easier on that person if you assign an important parameter's value to $filename or $numlines.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
|
||||
echo "Usage: $0 lines filename"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
else
|
||||
numlines=$1
|
||||
filename=$2
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
if [[ $numlines != [0-9]* ]]; then
|
||||
echo "Error: $numlines is not numeric"
|
||||
exit 2
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
if [ ! -f $ filename]; then
|
||||
echo "Error: File $filename not found"
|
||||
exit 3
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo top of file
|
||||
head -$numlines $filename
|
||||
fi
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, this example script does nothing more than run the head command to show the top X lines in a file, but it is meant to show how internal parameters can be used within scripts to help ensure the script runs well or fails with at least some clarity.
|
||||
|
||||
**[ Watch Sandra Henry-Stocker's Two-Minute Linux Tips[to learn how to master a host of Linux commands][3] ]**
|
||||
|
||||
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][4] and [LinkedIn][5] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3387154/working-with-variables-on-linux.html#tk.rss_all
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/04/variable-key-keyboard-100793080-large.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3385516/how-to-manage-your-linux-environment.html
|
||||
[3]: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL7D2RMSmRO9J8OTpjFECi8DJiTQdd4hua
|
||||
[4]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How To Check The List Of Open Ports In Linux?)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-scan-check-open-ports-using-netstat-ss-nmap/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
|
||||
|
||||
How To Check The List Of Open Ports In Linux?
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Recently we had written two articles in the same kind of topic.
|
||||
|
||||
Those articles helps you to check whether the given ports are open or not in the remote servers.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to **[check whether a port is open on the remote Linux system][1]** then navigate to this article.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to **[check whether a port is open on multiple remote Linux system][2]** then navigate to this article.
|
||||
|
||||
If you would like to **[check multiple ports status on multiple remote Linux system][2]** then navigate to this article.
|
||||
|
||||
But this article helps you to check the list of open ports on the local system.
|
||||
|
||||
There are few utilities are available in Linux for this purpose.
|
||||
|
||||
However, I’m including top four Linux commands to check this.
|
||||
|
||||
It can be done using the following four commands. These are very famous and widely used by Linux admins.
|
||||
|
||||
* **`netstat:`** netstat (“network statistics”) is a command-line tool that displays network connections related information (both incoming and outgoing) such as routing tables, masquerade connections, multicast memberships and a number of network interface
|
||||
* **`nmap:`** Nmap (“Network Mapper”) is an open source tool for network exploration and security auditing. It was designed to rapidly scan large networks.
|
||||
* **`ss:`** ss is used to dump socket statistics. It allows showing information similar to netstat. It can display more TCP and state information than other tools.
|
||||
* **`lsof:`** lsof stands for List Open File. It is used to print all the open files which is opened by process.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Check The List Of Open Ports In Linux Using netstat Command?
|
||||
|
||||
netstat stands for Network Statistics, is a command-line tool that displays network connections related information (both incoming and outgoing) such as routing tables, masquerade connections, multicast memberships and a number of network interface.
|
||||
|
||||
It lists out all the tcp, udp socket connections and the unix socket connections.
|
||||
|
||||
It is used for diagnosing network problems in the network and to determine the amount of traffic on the network as a performance measurement.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# netstat -tplugn
|
||||
|
||||
Active Internet connections (only servers)
|
||||
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
|
||||
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2038/master
|
||||
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:199 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1396/snmpd
|
||||
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1398/httpd
|
||||
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1388/sshd
|
||||
tcp6 0 0 :::25 :::* LISTEN 2038/master
|
||||
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1388/sshd
|
||||
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:39136 0.0.0.0:* 1396/snmpd
|
||||
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:56130 0.0.0.0:* 1396/snmpd
|
||||
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40105 0.0.0.0:* 1396/snmpd
|
||||
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:11584 0.0.0.0:* 1396/snmpd
|
||||
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:30105 0.0.0.0:* 1396/snmpd
|
||||
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50656 0.0.0.0:* 1396/snmpd
|
||||
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1632 0.0.0.0:* 1396/snmpd
|
||||
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:28265 0.0.0.0:* 1396/snmpd
|
||||
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40764 0.0.0.0:* 1396/snmpd
|
||||
udp 0 0 10.90.56.21:123 0.0.0.0:* 895/ntpd
|
||||
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:123 0.0.0.0:* 895/ntpd
|
||||
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:123 0.0.0.0:* 895/ntpd
|
||||
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:53390 0.0.0.0:* 1396/snmpd
|
||||
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:161 0.0.0.0:* 1396/snmpd
|
||||
udp6 0 0 :::123 :::* 895/ntpd
|
||||
|
||||
IPv6/IPv4 Group Memberships
|
||||
Interface RefCnt Group
|
||||
--------------- ------ ---------------------
|
||||
lo 1 224.0.0.1
|
||||
eth0 1 224.0.0.1
|
||||
lo 1 ff02::1
|
||||
lo 1 ff01::1
|
||||
eth0 1 ff02::1
|
||||
eth0 1 ff01::1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you would like to check any particular port status then use the following format.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# # netstat -tplugn | grep :22
|
||||
|
||||
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1388/sshd
|
||||
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1388/sshd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Check The List Of Open Ports In Linux Using ss Command?
|
||||
|
||||
ss is used to dump socket statistics. It allows showing information similar to netstat. It can display more TCP and state information than other tools.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# ss -lntu
|
||||
|
||||
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:39136 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:56130 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:40105 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:11584 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:30105 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:50656 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:1632 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:28265 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:40764 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 10.90.56.21:123 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:123 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:123 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:53390 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:161 *:*
|
||||
udp UNCONN 0 0 :::123 :::*
|
||||
tcp LISTEN 0 100 *:25 *:*
|
||||
tcp LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:199 *:*
|
||||
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
|
||||
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
|
||||
tcp LISTEN 0 100 :::25 :::*
|
||||
tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you would like to check any particular port status then use the following format.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# # ss -lntu | grep ':25'
|
||||
|
||||
tcp LISTEN 0 100 *:25 *:*
|
||||
tcp LISTEN 0 100 :::25 :::*
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Check The List Of Open Ports In Linux Using nmap Command?
|
||||
|
||||
Nmap (“Network Mapper”) is an open source tool for network exploration and security auditing. It was designed to rapidly scan large networks, although it works fine against single hosts.
|
||||
|
||||
Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (application name and version) those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and OS versions) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics.
|
||||
|
||||
While Nmap is commonly used for security audits, many systems and network administrators find it useful for routine tasks such as network inventory, managing service upgrade schedules, and monitoring host or service uptime.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# nmap -sTU -O localhost
|
||||
|
||||
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2019-03-20 09:57 CDT
|
||||
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
|
||||
Host is up (0.00028s latency).
|
||||
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1
|
||||
Not shown: 1994 closed ports
|
||||
|
||||
PORT STATE SERVICE
|
||||
22/tcp open ssh
|
||||
25/tcp open smtp
|
||||
80/tcp open http
|
||||
199/tcp open smux
|
||||
123/udp open ntp
|
||||
161/udp open snmp
|
||||
|
||||
Device type: general purpose
|
||||
Running: Linux 3.X
|
||||
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3
|
||||
OS details: Linux 3.7 - 3.9
|
||||
Network Distance: 0 hops
|
||||
|
||||
OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
|
||||
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.93 seconds
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you would like to check any particular port status then use the following format.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# nmap -sTU -O localhost | grep 123
|
||||
|
||||
123/udp open ntp
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Check The List Of Open Ports In Linux Using lsof Command?
|
||||
|
||||
It shows you the list of open files on the system and the processes that opened them. Also shows you other informations related to the files.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# lsof -i
|
||||
|
||||
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
|
||||
ntpd 895 ntp 16u IPv4 18481 0t0 UDP *:ntp
|
||||
ntpd 895 ntp 17u IPv6 18482 0t0 UDP *:ntp
|
||||
ntpd 895 ntp 18u IPv4 18487 0t0 UDP localhost:ntp
|
||||
ntpd 895 ntp 20u IPv4 23020 0t0 UDP CentOS7.2daygeek.com:ntp
|
||||
sshd 1388 root 3u IPv4 20065 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
|
||||
sshd 1388 root 4u IPv6 20067 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
|
||||
snmpd 1396 root 6u IPv4 22739 0t0 UDP *:snmp
|
||||
snmpd 1396 root 7u IPv4 22729 0t0 UDP *:40105
|
||||
snmpd 1396 root 8u IPv4 22730 0t0 UDP *:50656
|
||||
snmpd 1396 root 9u IPv4 22731 0t0 UDP *:pammratc
|
||||
snmpd 1396 root 10u IPv4 22732 0t0 UDP *:30105
|
||||
snmpd 1396 root 11u IPv4 22733 0t0 UDP *:40764
|
||||
snmpd 1396 root 12u IPv4 22734 0t0 UDP *:53390
|
||||
snmpd 1396 root 13u IPv4 22735 0t0 UDP *:28265
|
||||
snmpd 1396 root 14u IPv4 22736 0t0 UDP *:11584
|
||||
snmpd 1396 root 15u IPv4 22737 0t0 UDP *:39136
|
||||
snmpd 1396 root 16u IPv4 22738 0t0 UDP *:56130
|
||||
snmpd 1396 root 17u IPv4 22740 0t0 TCP localhost:smux (LISTEN)
|
||||
httpd 1398 root 3u IPv4 20337 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
|
||||
master 2038 root 13u IPv4 21638 0t0 TCP *:smtp (LISTEN)
|
||||
master 2038 root 14u IPv6 21639 0t0 TCP *:smtp (LISTEN)
|
||||
sshd 9052 root 3u IPv4 1419955 0t0 TCP CentOS7.2daygeek.com:ssh->Ubuntu18-04.2daygeek.com:11408 (ESTABLISHED)
|
||||
httpd 13371 apache 3u IPv4 20337 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
|
||||
httpd 13372 apache 3u IPv4 20337 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
|
||||
httpd 13373 apache 3u IPv4 20337 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
|
||||
httpd 13374 apache 3u IPv4 20337 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
|
||||
httpd 13375 apache 3u IPv4 20337 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you would like to check any particular port status then use the following format.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# lsof -i:80
|
||||
|
||||
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
|
||||
httpd 1398 root 3u IPv4 20337 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
|
||||
httpd 13371 apache 3u IPv4 20337 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
|
||||
httpd 13372 apache 3u IPv4 20337 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
|
||||
httpd 13373 apache 3u IPv4 20337 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
|
||||
httpd 13374 apache 3u IPv4 20337 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
|
||||
httpd 13375 apache 3u IPv4 20337 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-scan-check-open-ports-using-netstat-ss-nmap/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-whether-a-port-is-open-on-the-remote-linux-system-server/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-a-open-port-on-multiple-remote-linux-server-using-nc-command/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu 和其他 Linux 发行版上的12个最好的 GTK 主题
|
||||
======
|
||||
**简言之:让我们看一看一些漂亮的 GTK 主题，你可能不仅在 Ubuntu 上使用，在其它使用 GNOME 的 Linux 发行版上也使用。**
|
||||
|
||||
我们中的一些狭义上地使用 Ubuntu，从 Unity 移到 Gnome 作为默认桌面环境使制作主题和自定义比以前更简单。Gnome 有相当大的调整社区，并且这里不缺少来供用户来选择的极好的 GTK 主题。考虑到这点，我继续前进并在最近几个月偶然找到一些我非常喜欢的主题。我相信这些是给予你能找到的一些最好体验。
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu 和其它 Linux 发行版的最好的主题
|
||||
|
||||
这不是一个详细清单，可能不包括一些你已经使用和喜欢的主题，但愿，你找到至少一个你喜爱的你还不知道的主题。所有出现的主题能工作在一些 Gnome 3 计划上，Ubuntu 或其它。我丢失一些屏幕截屏，所以我从官方网站上获取图片。
|
||||
|
||||
在这里列出的主题没有特别的次序。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，在你看最好的 GNOME 主题前，你应该学习 [如何在 Ubuntu GNOME 中安装主题][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Arc-Ambiance
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Arc 和 Arc 变体主题现在已经出现相当长的时间，并广泛地被认为是你可以找到的最好的一些主题。在这个示例中，我选择 Arc-Ambiance ，因为它的现代化在 Ubuntu 上呈现默认周围环境主题。
|
||||
|
||||
我是 Arc 主题和默认周围环境主题的粉丝,所以不用说，当我遇到一个融合最好的两者世界的主题，我被惊出一口气。如果你是 Arc 主题的一个粉丝，但不是这个的特别粉丝，Gnome 外貌有其它大量的选项，这将非常适合你的体验。
|
||||
|
||||
[Arc-Ambiance 主题][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Adapta Colorpack
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Adapta 主题是我最喜欢的我可能找到的扁平主题之一。像 Arc 一样，Adapata 被很多 linux 用户广泛的采用。我选择这个颜色包，因为一次下载你有数个选项来选择。事实上，这有19个来选择。是的。你读的这些是正确的。19！
|
||||
|
||||
所以，如果你是一个我们今天看到很多的扁平/素材设计语言的粉丝，那么，在这个主题包中最可能有一个满足你的变体。
|
||||
|
||||
[Adapta Colorpack 主题][5]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Numix Collection
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
啊，Numix! 哦，这些年我们一起度过！对于我们中的一些，这已经是我们最近几年的桌面的主题，你必定在一些时间点上偶然发现 Numix 主题或图标包。Numix 很可能是我爱上的最现代的 Linux 主题，现在我仍然爱它 。并且在这些年后，它仍然不失它的魅力。
|
||||
|
||||
灰色色调贯穿主题，尤其是带有默认粉红高亮颜色，制作一个真正地清洁的和完整的体验。你可能很难找到一个像 Numix 一样精美的主题包。在这个作品中，你有很多选项来选择，所以，来疯狂吧！
|
||||
|
||||
[Numix Collection 主题][7]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Hooli
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
Hooli 现在是一个过时的主题，但是我仅最近偶然探测到它。我是大多数扁平主题的粉丝，但是经常远离素材设计语言主题。Hooli，像 Adapta，从这些设计语言中得到想法，但是在某种程度上做它，我认为使它脱离其它事物。绿色高亮颜色是我对这个主题最喜欢的部分之一，并且，它在非过于强烈对比的整个主题上做了很好的工作。
|
||||
|
||||
[Hooli 主题][9]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. Arrongin/Telinkrin
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
Bonus: 两个主题在一个中！并且它们是在主题领域中的相对新的竞争者。它们都从 Ubuntu 快完成的 “[communitheme][11]” 得到想法，并带它到你今天的桌面。我能在找到两者给予的仅有的真正不同点是颜色。Arrongin 是以 Ubuntu-esq 橙色颜色为中心，然而 Telinkrin 使用一个更细长的 KDE Breeze-esq 蓝色，我个人更喜欢蓝色，但是两者都是极好的选项！
|
||||
|
||||
[Arrongin/Telinkrin 主题][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. Gnome-osx
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
我不得不承认，通常，当我看到一个主题有 “osx” 或一些在标题中类似的事，我不期望很多。大多数受苹果启发的主题看起来多少有共同点，我真不能找到一个使用它们的原因。这里有两个主题，我想能打破这个模式：在这里我们有 Arc-osc 主题和 Gnome-osx 主题。
|
||||
|
||||
我喜欢 Gnome-osx 主题的原因是因为它在 Gnome 桌面上看起来真实。它很好地做好混合到桌面环境中工作，而不太扁平。 所以，对于你们中一些喜欢轻微地较少扁平主题的人，如果你喜欢红色，黄色，和用于关闭，最小化，和做大化按钮的绿色按钮方案，这个主题对你更优秀。
|
||||
|
||||
[Gnome-osx 主题][14]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. Ultimate Maia
|
||||
|
||||
![][15]
|
||||
|
||||
有一段时间，我使用 Manjaro Gnome。尽管我已经返回到 Ubuntu，但是，我希望我可以携带的一个东西是 Manjaro 主题。如果你对 Manjaro 主题像我一样感觉相同，那么你是幸运的，因为你可以带它到一些你想的发行版，它在 Gnomes 上运行！
|
||||
|
||||
丰富的绿色颜色，Breeze-esq 关闭，最小化，最大化按钮，并且全面精美的主题时成为一个不可抗拒的选项。它甚至为你不是一个绿色的粉丝而提供一些其它颜色变体。但是，让我们成为真诚的…谁不是 Manjaro 绿色颜色的一个粉丝？
|
||||
|
||||
[Ultimate Maia 主题][16]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. Vimix
|
||||
|
||||
![][17]
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个让我容易获得兴奋的主题。它是现代的，从 macOS 红色中，黄色，绿色按钮中拉出来的，而不是直接复制它们，并下调主题的活力色调，使之对大多数其它主题成为一个唯一可替换物。它带来三个黑暗色的变体和我们中大多数将找到我们喜欢的一些颜色。
|
||||
|
||||
[Vimix 主题][18]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9\. Ant
|
||||
|
||||
![][19]
|
||||
|
||||
像 Vimix 一样，Ant 从 macOS 中按钮颜色吸引灵感，而不是直接复制样式。在哪里 Vimix 下调颜色选项，Ant 在我的System 76 Galago Pro 屏幕上添加一个看起来极好的丰富的颜色。三个主题选项之间的变体是相当激动人心的，虽然它可能不见得符合每个人的体验，它无疑是最适合我的。
|
||||
|
||||
[Ant 主题][20]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10\. Flat Remix
|
||||
|
||||
![][21]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你还没有注意到这点，我对一些关注关闭，最小化、最大化按钮的人来说是一个傻瓜。Flat Remix 使用的颜色主题是一个我没有在其它一些地方看到过的，带有一个红色，蓝色，和橙色方式。添加这些到一个几乎看起来像一个混合 Arc 和 Adapta 的主题的上面，你有了 Flat Remix 。
|
||||
|
||||
我本人是一个暗选项的粉丝，但是亮的可替换物也是非常好的。因此，如果你喜欢巧妙的透明度，一个内聚的暗主题，以及这里和那里的一点颜色，Flat Remix 献给你。
|
||||
|
||||
[Flat Remix 主题][22]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11\. Paper
|
||||
|
||||
![][23]
|
||||
|
||||
[Paper][24] 现在已经有一段时间。我记得第一次使用它在2014年。我可以说，在这点上，Paper 的图标包比 GTK 主题更出名，但是这不意味着它自身中的主题不是一个极好的选项。哪怕，我从一开始就爱慕 Paper 图标，我不能说，当我第一次尝试它的时候，我是一个忠实的 Paper 主题粉丝。
|
||||
|
||||
我深感喜欢鲜亮的颜色和开心的接近到一个被制作成一个非常合适的“不成熟”的体验主题。现在，几年后，Paper 已经在我心中长大，至少可以这样说这个主题采取的中心明亮的方法是我非常欣赏的一个。
|
||||
|
||||
[Paper 主题][25]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 12\. Pop
|
||||
|
||||
![][26]
|
||||
|
||||
Pop 在这个列表上是一个较新的提案。由在at [System 76][27] 上的人们创造，Pop GTK 主题 Adapta 主题的一个早期列表分叉，并带有一个匹配的图标包，图标包是先前提到的 Paper 图标包的一个分叉。
|
||||
|
||||
该主题在 System 76 宣布后不久就被宣布，它们被宣布在 [它们自己的发行版，][28] Pop!_OS 上。你可以读我的 [Pop!_OS 评论][29] 来了解过多。不用说，我认为 Pop 是一个极好的主题带有一个华丽的润饰并提供一种新鲜的感觉到一些 Gnome 桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
[Pop 主题][30]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 结束语
|
||||
|
||||
很明显，我们有比文中所描述主题更多的选择，但是这些大多是我在最近几月所使用的最完整的和最精良的主题。如果你认为我们错过一些你确实喜欢的主题或你确实不喜欢我在上面描述的主题，那么，在下面的评论区让我们知道，并分享为什么你认为你喜欢的主题更好！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
通过: https://itsfoss.com/best-gtk-themes/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Phillip Prado][a]
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://itsfoss.com/author/phillip/
|
||||
[1]:https://itsfoss.com/install-themes-ubuntu/
|
||||
[2]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/arcambaince-300x225.png
|
||||
[3]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1193861/
|
||||
[4]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/adapta-300x169.jpg
|
||||
[5]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1190851/
|
||||
[6]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/numix-300x169.png
|
||||
[7]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1170667/
|
||||
[8]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/hooli2-800x500.jpg
|
||||
[9]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1102901/
|
||||
[10]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/AT-800x590.jpg
|
||||
[11]:https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-community-theme/
|
||||
[12]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1215199/
|
||||
[13]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/gosx-800x473.jpg
|
||||
[14]:https://www.opendesktop.org/s/Gnome/p/1171688/
|
||||
[15]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ultimatemaia-800x450.jpg
|
||||
[16]:https://www.opendesktop.org/s/Gnome/p/1193879/
|
||||
[17]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/vimix-800x450.jpg
|
||||
[18]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1013698/
|
||||
[19]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ant-800x533.png
|
||||
[20]:https://www.opendesktop.org/p/1099856/
|
||||
[21]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/flatremix-800x450.png
|
||||
[22]:https://www.opendesktop.org/p/1214931/
|
||||
[23]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/paper-800x450.jpg
|
||||
[24]:https://itsfoss.com/install-paper-theme-linux/
|
||||
[25]:https://snwh.org/paper/download
|
||||
[26]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/pop-800x449.jpg
|
||||
[27]:https://system76.com/
|
||||
[28]:https://itsfoss.com/system76-popos-linux/
|
||||
[29]:https://itsfoss.com/pop-os-linux-review/
|
||||
[30]:https://github.com/pop-os/gtk-theme/blob/master/README.md
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (MjSeven)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (5 useful open source log analysis tools)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/4/log-analysis-tools)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Sam Bocetta https://opensource.com/users/sambocetta)
|
||||
|
||||
5 个有用的开源日志分析工具
|
||||
======
|
||||
监控网络活动既重要又繁琐，以下这些工具可以使它更容易。
|
||||
![People work on a computer server][1]
|
||||
|
||||
监控网络活动是一项繁琐的工作，但有充分的理由这样做。例如，它允许你查找和调查工作站、连接到网络的设备和服务器上的可疑登录，同时确定管理员滥用了什么。你还可以跟踪软件安装和数据传输，以实时识别潜在问题，而不是在损坏发生后才进行跟踪。
|
||||
|
||||
这些日志还有助于使你的公司遵守适用于在欧盟范围内运营的任何实体的[通用数据保护条例][2]（GFPR）。如果你的网站在欧盟可以浏览，那么你就有资格。
|
||||
|
||||
日志记录，包括跟踪和分析，应该是任何监控基础设置中的一个基本过程。要从灾难中恢复 SQL Server 数据库，需要事务日志文件。此外，通过跟踪日志文件，DevOps 团队和数据库管理员（DBA）可以保持最佳的数据库性能，或者，在网络攻击的情况下找到未经授权活动的证据。因此，定期监视和分析系统日志非常重要。这是一种可靠的方式来重新创建导致出现任何问题的事件链。
|
||||
|
||||
现在有很多开源日志跟踪器和分析工具可供使用，这使得为活动日志选择合适的资源比你想象的更容易。免费和开源软件社区提供的日志设计适用于各种站点和操作系统。以下是五个我用过的最好的，它们并没有特别的顺序。
|
||||
|
||||
### Graylog
|
||||
|
||||
[Graylog][3] 于 2011 年在德国启动，现在作为开源工具或商业解决方案提供。它被设计成一个集中式日志管理系统，接受来自不同服务器或端点的数据流，并允许你快速浏览或分析该信息。
|
||||
|
||||
![Graylog screenshot][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Graylog 在系统管理员中建立了良好的声誉，因为它易于扩展。大多数 Web 项目都是从小规模开始的，‘但它们可能指数级增长。Graylog 可以平衡后端服务网络中的负载，每天可以处理几 TB 的日志数据。
|
||||
|
||||
IT 管理员会发现 Graylog 的前端界面易于使用，而且功能强大。Graylog 是围绕仪表板的概念构建的，它允许你选择你认为最有价值的指标或数据源，并快速查看一段时间内的趋势。
|
||||
|
||||
当发生安全或性能事件时，IT 管理员希望能够尽可能地将症状追根溯源。Graylog 的搜索功能使这变得容易。它有内置的容错功能，可运行多线程搜索，因此你可以同时分析多个潜在的威胁。
|
||||
|
||||
### Nagios
|
||||
|
||||
[Nagios][5] 于 1999 年开始由一个开发人员开发，现在已经发展成为管理日志数据最可靠的开源工具之一。当前版本的 Nagios 可以与运行 Microsoft Windows, Linux 或 Unix 的服务器集成。
|
||||
|
||||
![Nagios Core][6]
|
||||
|
||||
它的主要产品是日志服务器，旨在简化数据收集并使系统管理员更容易访问信息。Nagios 日志服务器引擎将实时捕获数据并将其提供给一个强大的搜索工具。通过内置的设置向导，可以轻松地与新端点或应用程序集成。
|
||||
|
||||
Nagios 最常用于需要监控其本地网络安全性的组织。它可以审核一系列与网络相关的事件，并帮助自动分发警报。如果满足特定条件，甚至可以将 Nagios 配置为运行预定义的脚本，从而允许你在人员介入之前解决问题。
|
||||
|
||||
作为网络审核的一部分，Nagios 将根据日志数据来源的地理位置过滤日志数据。这意味着你可以使用映射技术构建全面的仪表板，以了解 Web 流量是如何流动的。
|
||||
|
||||
### Elastic Stack ("ELK Stack")
|
||||
|
||||
[Elastic Stack][7]，通常称为 ELK Stack，是需要筛选大量数据并理解其日志系统的组织中最受欢迎的开源工具之一（这也是我个人的最爱）。
|
||||
|
||||
![ELK Stack][8]
|
||||
|
||||
它的主要产品由三个独立的产品组成：Elasticsearch, Kibana 和 Logstash:
|
||||
|
||||
* 顾名思义， _**Elasticsearch**_ 旨在帮助用户使用多种查询语言和类型在数据集中找到匹配项。速度是它最大的优势。它可以扩展成由数百个服务器节点组成的集群，轻松处理 PB 级的数据。
|
||||
|
||||
* _**Kibana**_ 是一个可视化工具，与 Elasticsearch 一起工作，允许用户分析他们的数据并构建强大的报告。当你第一次在服务器集群上安装 Kibana 引擎时，你将访问一个显示统计数据、图表甚至是动画的界面。
|
||||
|
||||
* ELK Stack 的最后一部分是 _**Logstash**_ ，它作为一个纯粹的服务端管道进入 Elasticsearch 数据库。你可以将 Logstash 与各种编程语言和 API 集成，这样你的网站和移动应用程序中的信息就可以直接提供给强大的 Elastic Stalk 搜索引擎中。
|
||||
|
||||
ELK Stack 的一个独特功能是，它允许你监视构建在 WordPress 开源安装上的应用程序。与[跟踪管理员和 PHP 日志][9]的大多数开箱即用的安全审计日志工具相比，ELK Stack 可以筛选 Web 服务器和数据库日志。
|
||||
|
||||
糟糕的日志跟踪和数据库管理是导致网站性能不佳的最常见原因之一。没有定期检查、优化和清空数据库日志，不仅会降低站点的运行速度，还可能导致其完全崩溃。因此，ELK Stack 对于每个 WordPress 开发人员的工具包来说都是一个优秀的工具。
|
||||
|
||||
### LOGalyze
|
||||
|
||||
[LOGalyze][11] 是一个位于匈牙利的组织，它为系统管理员和安全专家构建开源工具，以帮助他们管理服务器日志，并将其转换为有用的数据点。其主要产品可供个人或商业用户免费下载。
|
||||
|
||||
![LOGalyze][12]
|
||||
|
||||
LOGalyze 被设计成一个巨大的管道，其中多个服务器、应用程序和网络设备可以使用简单对象访问协议（SOAP）方法提供信息。它提供了一个前端界面，管理员可以登录界面来监控数据集并开始分析数据。
|
||||
|
||||
在 LOGalyze 的 Web 界面中，你可以运行动态报告，并将其导出到 Excel 文件、PDF 文件或其他格式。这些报告可以基于 LOGalyze 后端管理的多维统计信息。它甚至可以跨服务器或应用程序组合数据字段，借此来帮助你发现性能趋势。
|
||||
|
||||
LOGalyze 旨在不到一个小时内完成安装和配置。它具有预先构建的功能，允许它以法律所要求的格式收集审计数据。例如，LOGalyze 可以很容易地运行不同的 HIPAA 报告，以确保你的组织遵守健康法律并保持合规性。
|
||||
|
||||
### Fluentd
|
||||
|
||||
如果你所在组织的数据源位于许多不同的位置和环境中，那么你的目标应该是尽可能地将它们集中在一起。否则，你将难以监控性能并防范安全威胁。
|
||||
|
||||
[Fluentd][13] 是一个强大的数据收集解决方案，它是完全开源的。它没有提供完整的前端界面，而是作为一个收集层来帮助组织不同的管道。Fluentd 在被世界上一些最大的公司使用，但是也可以在较小的组织中实施。
|
||||
|
||||
![Fluentd architecture][14]
|
||||
|
||||
Fluentd 最大的好处是它与当今最常用的技术工具兼容。例如，你可以使用 Fluentd 从 Web 服务器（如 Apache）、智能设备传感器和 MongoDB 的动态记录中收集数据。如何处理这些数据完全取决于你。
|
||||
|
||||
Fluentd 基于 JSON 数据格式，它可以与由卓越的开发人员创建的 [500 多个插件][15]一起使用。这使你可以将日志数据扩展到其他应用程序中，并通过最少的手工操作从中获得更好的分析。
|
||||
|
||||
### 写在最后
|
||||
|
||||
如果出于安全原因、政府合规性和衡量生产力的原因，你还没有使用活动日志，那么现在开始改变吧。市场上有很多插件，它们可以与多种环境或平台一起工作，甚至可以在内部网络上使用。不要等发生了严重的事件，才采取一个积极主动的方法去维护和监督日志。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/log-analysis-tools
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sam Bocetta][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/sambocetta
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/rh_003499_01_linux11x_cc.png?itok=XMDOouJR (People work on a computer server)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/18/4/gdpr-impact
|
||||
[3]: https://www.graylog.org/products/open-source
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/graylog-data.png (Graylog screenshot)
|
||||
[5]: https://www.nagios.org/downloads/
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/nagios_core_4.0.8.png (Nagios Core)
|
||||
[7]: https://www.elastic.co/products
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/elk-stack.png (ELK Stack)
|
||||
[9]: https://www.wpsecurityauditlog.com/benefits-wordpress-activity-log/
|
||||
[10]: https://websitesetup.org/how-to-speed-up-wordpress/
|
||||
[11]: http://www.logalyze.com/
|
||||
[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/logalyze.jpg (LOGalyze)
|
||||
[13]: https://www.fluentd.org/
|
||||
[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fluentd-architecture.png (Fluentd architecture)
|
||||
[15]: https://opensource.com/article/18/9/open-source-log-aggregation-tools
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user