mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2026-08-23 04:03:29 +08:00
tinyeyeser
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
|
||||
售价350-400美元的太阳能笔记本ubuntub SOL 将于2013年12月问世
|
||||
=========
|
||||
[SOL](http://solaptop.com/en/products/laptops/) 是一个绝对有趣的项目,它是一款价格低廉但性能强劲的太阳能笔记本电脑。
|
||||
=========
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说,SOL 是一个预装**Ubuntu** 的太阳能笔记本,设计时考虑了多种使用场景,从无法使用电能的地方到人迹罕至的森林这类的边远地区,等等．基本上,在那些无法接通或者购买电能的地方使用该笔记本是很方便的。
|
||||
[SOL](http://solaptop.com/en/products/laptops/) 是一个绝对有趣的项目，它是一款价格低廉但性能强劲的太阳能笔记本电脑。
|
||||
|
||||
当然,由于低廉的价格和适宜的配置，普通用户也可以在常规地点使用该太阳能 Ubuntu 笔记本,价格和恰当的硬件搭配上Ubuntu,结果就是可以用低于400美元的价格买到这个强劲的组合。
|
||||
总的来说,SOL 是一个预装 **Ubuntu** 的太阳能笔记本，设计时考虑了多种使用场景，从无法使用电能的地方到人迹罕至的森林这类的边远地区，等等。基本上，在那些无法接通或者购买电能的地方使用该笔记本是很方便的。
|
||||
|
||||
SOL的规格参数:
|
||||
当然，由于低廉的价格和适宜的配置，普通用户也可以在常规地点使用该太阳能 **Ubuntu** 笔记本,价格和恰当的硬件搭配上Ubuntu，结果就是可以用低于400美元的价格买到这个强劲的组合。
|
||||
|
||||
SOL的规格参数：
|
||||
|
||||
- CPU: Intel Atom D2500 1.86 GHz Duo Core, Intel 945GSE + ICH7M
|
||||
- HDD: Seagate 2.5” SATA HDD 320GB
|
||||
@@ -23,15 +24,15 @@ SOL的规格参数:
|
||||
- WiFi: MIMO 802.11b/gn (2.4/5GHz)
|
||||
- Bluetooth: Integrated Digital Core BT4.0
|
||||
|
||||
SQL设有多种风格,外观好看标新立异,醒目的标志图案,多种颜色可选,包括深色,灰色,绿色,红色;结果就是:一台优雅的移动设备。
|
||||
SQL设有多种风格，外观好看标新立异，醒目的标志图案，多种颜色可选，包括深色、灰色、绿色、红色，结果就是：一台优雅的移动设备。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
David Snir, 一名SOL开发者,他已经在Google+上 [分享](https://plus.google.com/109344265064351301756/posts/1F8DG57aBUy)了关于SQL(全球)即将发售的消息:"我们离**全球发布(2013年12月)**时间越来越近",让用户们知道2013年12月这一时间的目的是为了使Ubuntu-powered SOL笔记本在全球的销售畅通可行。
|
||||
David Snir，一名SOL开发者，他已经在Google+上 [分享](https://plus.google.com/109344265064351301756/posts/1F8DG57aBUy)了关于SQL(全球)即将发售的消息：“我们离 **全球发布(2013年12月)** 时间越来越近”，让用户们知道2013年12月这一时间的目的是为了使Ubuntu-powered SOL笔记本在全球的销售畅通可行。
|
||||
|
||||
在价格上,SOL笔记本将会在350-400美元之间，以及必要的税（税的多少取决于国家政策）。
|
||||
在价格上，SOL笔记本将会在350-400美元之间，以及必要的税（税的多少取决于国家政策）。
|
||||
|
||||
via:http://iloveubuntu.net/350-400-solar-powered-ubuntu-laptop-sol-be-launched-worldwide-december-2013
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
|
||||
我是标题党：“高清无码大图”展示开源编程语言的20年历史
|
||||
==========
|
||||
也许，很多人已经忘记，那时，Emacs Lisp还是最受欢迎的开源编程语言之一……
|
||||
============================================
|
||||
|
||||
_也许，很多人已经忘记，那时，Emacs Lisp还是最受欢迎的开源编程语言之一……_
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
现代计算机的逐渐流行可以追溯到上世纪80年代末、90年代初。个人电脑和后来的因特网相结合，创造出史无前例的信息爆炸，人们有能力在瞬间就连接上地球另一端的同胞。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -13,9 +15,9 @@
|
||||
|
||||
大多数编程语言都是开源的，这意味着任何人都可以使用并添加新的功能。因此，开发者们使用的编程语言不断在发展进化，就如同计算机20年来的显著发展变化一样。没有什么是一成不变的，永远不变的只有变化本身。
|
||||
|
||||
举个例子来说，你知道在1993年的时候，Emacs Lisp是最受欢迎的开源编程语言之一吗？也许有读者从未听说过Emacs，这是一款在Linux开发者中非常流行的文本编辑器，由自由软件领袖Richard Stallman开发。由于当时在Linux下并没有多少成熟的集成开发环境（IDEs），就算有，Linuxer们也不屑于使用，而同时Emacs具有良好的可扩展性，所以很多程序员都用它来写代码。Emacs Lisp就是早期Lisp编程语言的一款衍生品。
|
||||
举个例子来说，你知道在1993年的时候，Emacs Lisp是最受欢迎的开源编程语言之一吗？也许有读者从未听说过Emacs，这是一款在Linux开发者中非常流行的文本编辑器，由自由软件领袖Richard Stallman开发。由于当时在Linux下并没有多少成熟的集成开发环境（IDE），就算有，Linuxer们也不屑于使用，而同时Emacs具有良好的可扩展性，所以很多程序员都用它来写代码。Emacs Lisp就是早期Lisp编程语言的一款衍生品。
|
||||
|
||||
同样在1993年的第一季度，C语言编写的代码在代码提交总量中占到了51%，位列最受欢迎的开源编程语言。Make——Unix开发者使用的一款工具，能够将源代码自动生成为可执行程序或库文件，1993年它在开发者中的使用比例仅为6%。
|
||||
同样在1993年的第一季度，C语言编写的代码在代码提交总量中占到了51%，位列最受欢迎的开源编程语言。Make——Unix开发者使用的一款工具，[能够将源代码自动生成为可执行程序或库文件][1]，1993年它在开发者中的使用比例仅为6%。
|
||||
|
||||
2013年第一季度，Java成为最受欢迎的开源编程语言，所占比例为12%。C++占比11%，而HTML为10%。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -36,12 +38,12 @@ via: http://readwrite.com/2013/09/17/a-visual-history-of-the-last-20-years-of-op
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Mr小眼儿]:http://linux.cn/space/14801
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_(software)
|
||||
[2]:http://www.kinvey.com/
|
||||
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ Fedora 20 Alpha GNOME Live DVD 开放下载
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**除了配备3.11版Linux内核，Fedora 20 Alpha GNOME Live DVD还搭载最新的GNOME 3.10 Beta 2桌面环境，为你带来令人瞩目的桌面环境体验，你还在等什么，赶快下载安装先睹为快吧~**
|
||||
|
||||
下载Fedora 20 Alpha GNOME Live DVD的用户可以率先体验全新的面板设计，不仅有新的GNOME时钟、日历、GNOME文档还有修改后的GNOME Shell预览模式。全新GNOME将继续作为Fedora的默认桌面环境。
|
||||
下载Fedora 20 Alpha GNOME Live DVD的用户可以率先体验全新的面板设计，还有有新的GNOME时钟(应用在日历应用中) 、GNOME文档以及修改后的GNOME Shell预览模式。GNOME Live DVD 还是Fedora的默认桌面环境。
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora 20以Live DVD/CD镜像的形式发布，分别提供GNOME、KDE、Xfce、LXDE和MATE等多个版本，每个版本都分别支持32位和64位架构。
|
||||
Fedora 20以Live DVD/CD ISO 的形式发布，分别提供GNOME、KDE、Xfce、LXDE和MATE等多个版本，每个版本都分别支持32位和64位架构。
|
||||
|
||||
下载安装Fedora 20 Alpha GNOME Live DVD，请尽情享受我们的桌面奇幻之旅。
|
||||
|
||||
点击下列链接下载Fedora 20 Alpha GNOME Live DVD
|
||||
点击下列链接下载Fedora 20 Alpha GNOME Live DVD。请注意这只是一个alpha 版本，只用于测试目的，不应安装在生产环境中。
|
||||
|
||||
- [Fedora 20 Alpha (torrent) GNOME Live DVD 32-bit][1][torrent1] [972 MB]
|
||||
- [Fedora 20 Alpha (torrent) GNOME Live DVD 64-bit][2][torrent2] [960 MB]
|
||||
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Fedora-20-Alpha-GNOME-Live-DVD-Screenshot-To
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿] 校对：[jasminepeng][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Mr小眼儿]:http://linux.cn/space/14801
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
[jasminepeng]:http://linux.cn/space/jasminepeng
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/torrents/Fedora-Live-Desktop-i686-20-Alpha.torrent
|
||||
[2]:http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/torrents/Fedora-Live-Desktop-x86_64-20-Alpha.torrent
|
||||
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
|
||||
LinuxCon大会：Google Android是开源产品
|
||||
=======================================
|
||||
|
||||
**Google的首席开源执行官在LinuxCon大会上介绍为何说Android是开源的，为何开源是Android成功的关键因素**
|
||||
_**Google的首席开源执行官在LinuxCon大会上说明了为何Android是开源的以及为何开源是Android成功的关键因素**_
|
||||
|
||||
9月16日，新奥尔良，LinuxCon大会，负责开源的Google董事Chris DiBona在主题演讲中释放出一个关键信息：Android是一款开源产品。
|
||||
9月16日，新奥尔良，LinuxCon大会，负责开源的Google董事Chris DiBona在主题演讲中发布了一条关键信息：Android是一款开源产品。
|
||||
|
||||
Google在开源社区中能够确保不犯错并一直遵守开源授权的要求，DiBona在这其中发挥了关键作用。DiBona在演讲中介绍，早在2005年，从Android发展战略刚刚开始的时候，其平台的核心基础就是要始终保持开源。
|
||||
|
||||
2005年，Google面临的困难挑战是如何将它的搜索引擎植入手机。当时，手持设备的市场还很封闭，Google只能艰难的一点一点向其渗透。Google要想确保它的搜索引擎能够轻易部署到每一部手机，在某种程度上，Android就成为了一种尝试。
|
||||
2005年，Google面临的困难挑战是如何将它的搜索引擎植入手机。当时，手持设备的市场还很封闭，Google要想进入到手机市场，必须经历一个步履维艰的过程。Google要想确保它的搜索引擎能够轻易部署到每一部手机，在某种程度上，Android就成为了一种尝试。
|
||||
|
||||
DiBona说，“我们希望人们在使用手机的时候，能拥有和电脑桌面一样的体验，但当时在开源领域并没有这样的产品”。
|
||||
|
||||
Google希望的是，Android只为用户提供手机所必需的基本功能，DiBona说，Google并不愿因为在手机上搞竞价排名或定制服务而和运营商们没完没了讨价还价。
|
||||
Google希望的是，Android只为用户提供手机所必需的基本功能，DiBona说，Google并不愿因为在手机上搞竞价排名或定制服务而和运营商们无休止地讨价还价。
|
||||
|
||||
DiBona还说，“手机运营商再也不能靠捆绑销售来竞争了，必须要有一个自由的水平（环境？标准？）。”
|
||||
DiBona还说，“手机运营商再也不能靠捆绑销售来竞争了，手机市场必须有一个自由环境。”
|
||||
|
||||
DiBona介绍，Android已经成为Google极其成功的一项成就，而且它每年都在变得更好。他还补充说，目前，新的Android设备每天的激活量已经达到130万台。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ DiBona介绍，Android已经成为Google极其成功的一项成就，而且它
|
||||
|
||||
从Android利用Linux作为自身平台重要的组成部分开始，它们之间就注定结下不解之缘。2010年，Google的Android代码被从Linux核心中[剔除][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
直到2012年三月[Linux内核3.3][2]发布，Android才最终回到Linux核心代码中。DiBona评论说，他始终认为Linux和Android在一起是个好主意。关于它俩是否应该在一起的争论，这是个很技术的技术问题，涉及到一种叫做[WakeLock][3]的省电机制，这里就不细说了。
|
||||
直到2012年三月[Linux内核3.3][2]发布，Android才最终回到Linux核心代码中。DiBona评论说，他始终认为Linux和Android在一起是个好主意。关于它俩是否应该在一起的争论，这是个很技术的技术问题，涉及到一种叫做[WakeLock][3]的省电机制。
|
||||
|
||||
争论先放一边，DiBona说，有些人质疑Android是否真的开源，简单一句话就可以证明，屡试不爽。不需要Google的参与甚至许可，任何人都可以在任何设备上安装Android。而正是因为Google在开源许可的授权下开发了Android，以上这一切才能成为事实。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ via: http://www.eweek.com/mobile/google-android-is-open-source-linuxcon.html
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿] 校对：[Caroline][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Mr小眼儿]:http://linux.cn/space/14801
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
[Caroline]:http://linux.cn/space/14763
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet/reports/7150/1/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.datamation.com/open-source/linux-3.3-boosts-linux-mobility.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.datamation.com/open-source/linux-3.3-boosts-linux-mobility.html
|
||||
[3]:http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/PowerManager.WakeLock.html
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
||||
Linux Defenders怎样先发制人阻止恶意软件专利被批准
|
||||
===========================================
|
||||
|
||||
**_这个小组识别危险的专利并且试着还原它们的本来面目。_**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
尽管那些“专利蟑螂”发起影响开源软件的诉讼数目与日俱增，但还有一线希望。2011年9月签署了一部法律-《美国发明法案》，它提供了新的途径来阻止未来可能引起诉讼的过于宽泛的软件专利。
|
||||
|
||||
今天的 LinuxCon的一个会议中，[Linux Defenders][1] 的负责人Andrea Casillas解释了这个组织是如何利用新法律赋予的权利来对抗专利申请。Open Invention Network 的一个项目 Software Freedom Law Center，Linux 基金会以及 Linux Defenders 对每周公布的6000项专利做检查，试图识别出那些对Linux和开源的潜在威胁。然后，这个组织查找一些至少能够废止其中一部分专利申请的先例。
|
||||
|
||||
下一步就是协同Linux技术专家编纂防御性公共出版物，虽然它们本身不是专利，但它们描述了一项发明，并放入公开档案以阻止覆含该技术的新专利的批准。这些出版物通常有2-3页的技术描述，美国专利商标局的审查员可以在管理可能会失效的先例或者限制新专利申请的范围时阅读参考。
|
||||
|
||||
“我们将与作者、发明者或者开发者携手合作编写这些出版物，使它们更加有效。” Casillas 说。他一直主张 Linux 社区帮助这个小组发现危险专利并寻找先例。
|
||||
|
||||
防御性公共出版物是旧的策略，但它将会因为 America Ivents Act 而越来越接近公众的生活。Casillas 解释说：“这是审查人员第一次欢迎公众的互动。任何个人都可以免费递交电子版的关于先例的申请。”
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Defenders 已经编纂好了与来自 Microsoft，Apple和其它公司的专利申请有关的防御性公共出版物。概括来说，Casillas 说防御性公共出版物不是要去迫使某家公司放弃某一专利，而是要迫使某家公司缩小它们申请的专利包括的范围。
|
||||
|
||||
当被问起 Linux Defenders 能否说出因为这个过程而受限的专利申请的案例时，Casillas 和她的同事们说他们仍然在寻找评估它的有效性的方法。在6到9个月里，他们希望能找到一个工具来跟踪记录专利研究者们在复审中使用防御性公共出版物的情况。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Denfenders 同时也把矛头指向已经通过的专利。但 Casillas 提醒说要推倒已经批准的专利的法律标准非常高。
|
||||
|
||||
###专利诉讼“能让 Red Hat扫地出门”
|
||||
|
||||
昨天 LinuxCon 的一个单独的会议上，Red Hat 的 Fedora 项目经理 Tom Callaway 讨论了开源的法律威胁。
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat 批评了“专利蟑螂”并且采取多种措施[保护自己和用户][2]。Callaway 说不能小看这些威胁。“我不是说大话，Red Hat在我们开源产业里不是一个小公司，我们可能是最大的。一个关键专利诉讼的失利可以让 Red Hat在这行干不下去。这就是专利的重要性，也足见在业界它是多么让人闻风丧胆。”
|
||||
|
||||
各种可能性中，Red Hat不会被扫地出门的。它有一个保护自己及用户的在法庭上对抗专利“专利蟑螂”的良好跟踪记录。它把保障用户权益、对抗诉讼当做它的软件程序，而且已经建立起了一系列防御专利。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管付费的 RHEL 会员资格给了用户额外的保护，Red Hat也正在保证Fedora这个免费的系统远离法律纠纷。它是这么做的：分析所有代码，确保每段代码都使用合适的许可，有时移除或重写有嫌疑的代码。这会导致软件产生负面的结果。“我们在 Fedora 中遇到了很多问题。专利使我们不能按照我们所想要的方式去做事。”Callaway 这么说。
|
||||
|
||||
在最近的与 Rackspace 和 Red Hat 有关的案子里，一个叫做 Uniloc 公司想要从 Rackspace 处获得费用，因为后者使用了Red Hat的基于 Linux 的服务器。Uniloc的案子以其败诉告终。法官宣判它的专利声明无效，因为它仅描述了一个相对简单的数学操作。
|
||||
|
||||
但是应对这些诉讼很费钱。甚至 Red Hat 有时付专利费避免打官司。
|
||||
|
||||
Callaway在过分宽泛的专利面前流露出了挫败感。某些专利是“如此的模糊以至于它们可以指任何东西，”他说，“它们可以被应用到几乎任何地方，并且专利持有者打赌认定你不会去计较。”
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
###帮助专利审查人员识别恶意专利
|
||||
|
||||
Casillas告诉我们，那些过分宽泛的专利，正是 Linux Defenders 想要去阻止的。模糊的专利经常能够通过专利申请，部分原因是因为专利审查人员用在每个申请上的时间不会超过20小时。
|
||||
|
||||
总的时间是“相当难以置信，它考虑到这个过程所需时间长短以及这个专利发布的重要性。”他说。那20小时“包括了浏览申请，确定它按格式编辑，你的基本合法需求，而且这段时间决定着这个发明的前景。”
|
||||
|
||||
专利审查人员用7到8个小时搜索先例，不论是专利形式的还是其它公共可及的技术描述，她说。
|
||||
|
||||
通过提交防御性公共出版物，提取标签以使专利审查人员更容易找到，Linux Defenders 希望使美国专利商标局更加起到实际作用。
|
||||
|
||||
Casillas 说：“我们不是在增加他们的工作量，而是帮助他们一起完成这些相关出版物”
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/09/how-linux-defenders-attack-software-patents-before-theyre-approved/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[boredivan][] 校对：[Caroline][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[boredivan]:http://linux.cn/space/boredivan
|
||||
[Caroline]:http://linux.cn/space/14763
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxdefenders.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/050511-red-hat-ceo-patents.html
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
|
||||
如何使用Pacifica图标美化你的linux桌面
|
||||
==============================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这个教程将会指导所有的linux用户如何使用华丽的、扁平化以及现代化的Pacifica图标主题来美化当前桌面环境。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Pacifica 图标主题的灵感来源这个世界最美丽的linux操作系统elementary OS，像Nitrux、Faenza、Moka以及Plastico这些精美的图标主题，为linxu世界带来了一些我们期待已久的新元素。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Francisco Villarroel是Pacifica图标主题的主要开发者和设计者。他用bokehlicia这个名字发布在Deviantart网站上，[而bokehlicia正是这款超凡的图标主题诞生之处][1].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在说说技术细节,可以告诉你们,我们已经在Arch Linux系统上使用一个纯净的GNOME3桌面环境测试了它，不过，感谢Carlos Gomes，Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (穿山甲)的用户也可以通过elementary OS PPA安装。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Pacifica图标主题依赖elementary图标主题，当然默认的gnome和hicolor图标主题可以在任何 Gnome-based linux发行版中找到。因此，如果你有需求，Pacifica 图标主题也可以在你的桌面环境或linux发行版上工作。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
让我们开始在Arch Linux 和Ubuntu上安装这个精美的图标主题。首先，这是Ubuntu 12.04 LTS用户使用的安装指令：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
通过敲击 **CTRL+ALT+T** 组合键打开一个终端，接着一条一条粘贴以下命令，注意，每粘贴一条后敲击Enter。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:elementary-br/projects
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install -y pacifica-icon-theme
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
好了！你现在可以用GNOME Tweak或者其它的应用程序来帮助你改变系统图标主题，应用Pacifica图标主题。如果你更喜欢命令行,请使用下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme "Pacifica"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
对于Arch Linux用户，使用你们最喜欢的AUR助手（译者注:比如yaourt）[安装pacifica-icon-theme包][2]。Arch Linux用户也使用上面的指令来设置新的Pacifica图标主题。
|
||||
|
||||
对于其他用户，不要犹豫，在你的Linux系统上手动下载安装Pacifica图标主题，或者用这些图标做你想做的任何事情。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你在学习本教程中有任何问题，请在下面写下评论。
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Beautify-You-Linux-Desktop-with-Pacifica-Icons-385877.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[flsf01][] 校对：[Caroline][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[flsf01]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[Caroline]:http://linux.cn/space/14763
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://bokehlicia.deviantart.com/art/Pacifica-Icons-402508559
|
||||
[2]:https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pacifica-icon-theme/
|
||||
|
||||
43
published/Lightweight Markup Languages.md
Normal file
43
published/Lightweight Markup Languages.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
|
||||
轻量级标记语言
|
||||
===========
|
||||
|
||||
轻量级标记语言是一种时髦的系统语言，它用不同的方式标注文档，并且设计了简单易读的语法。事实上，它的语法非常之简单以至于任何人都能快速的掌握这些标记语言。这类语言最大的优点在于，用户使用一个普通的文本编辑器就可以在源文档中方便的输入注释文本。
|
||||
|
||||
这类语言使用简单的格式以及几个简单的特殊字符或字符串来标记段落标题、列表、表格、引用、字体等内容。
|
||||
|
||||
轻量级标记语言有许多用处。我们的生活被电子邮件、便笺、文章、报道以及推特包围着。许多人会先写好文本，然后重新排列、重新使用这些文本。轻量级标记语言在这方面非常有用，节约了大量手工敲打html标记的时间，加快了文字处理的速度。当读者想要阅读源文件和已输出文档时，他们也具有很强大的可读性。此外，他们也被频繁的使用于基于网络的出版物中，包括维基和博客等。
|
||||
|
||||
通过使用这些开源的工具，用户能够在很短的时间里做出高质量的注释文本，这不需要任何成本。代码完全是可移植的，并且可以输出成各种格式的文档。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，让我们来看看7个最常用的轻量级标记语言。下面每一个语言的标题都带有指向他自己首页的链接，里面有详细的描述，包括它本身语言特点的深度分析，以及一些相关资源的链接和评论。
|
||||
|
||||
- **[Markdown][1]** --标记语言以及文本到HTML的转换工具
|
||||
- **[MultiMarkdown][2]** --基于Markdown但具有更多功能
|
||||
- **[AsciiDoc][3]** --漂亮的文本文档格式用于写作
|
||||
- **[Textile][4]** --被称为“人类网络文本生成器”
|
||||
- **[Texy][5]** --文本到XHTML格式化和转化库
|
||||
- **[Tome][6]** --作者的标记语言和工具包
|
||||
- **[reStructuredText][7]** --Docutils的标记语法分析组件
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20130921022758982/LightweightMarkupLanguages.html
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[markvv][] 校对：[Caroline][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[markvv]:http://linux.cn/space/markvv
|
||||
[Caroline]:http://linux.cn/space/14763
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
|
||||
[2]:http://fletcherpenney.net/multimarkdown/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/
|
||||
[4]:http://textile.sitemonks.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://texy.info/en/
|
||||
[6]:https://bitbucket.org/bmearns/tome/
|
||||
[7]:http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html
|
||||
42
published/Linus Torvalds Talks About Backdoor At LinuxCon.md
Normal file
42
published/Linus Torvalds Talks About Backdoor At LinuxCon.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
|
||||
Linux有后门？看Linus Torvalds在LinuxCon大会上怎么说
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
**LinuxCon大会**是北美每年一度的Linux盛事，这里集合了开发者、系统管理员、架构师以及各个水平的技术天才，他们就Linux未来的发展共同商讨教育、合作以及问题的解决之道。
|
||||
|
||||
**都有哪些人参加？**
|
||||
|
||||
- **开发人员** —— 软件开发人员、程序员、核心维护者以及Linux方面的IT专家
|
||||
- **运维人员** —— IT运维专家、系统管理员以及首席架构师
|
||||
- **商界&法律界人士** —— 企业末端用户，公司高管和法律顾问
|
||||
- 另外还有学生、媒体、分析师和对Linux生态系统感兴趣的其他相关行业的专家
|
||||
|
||||
今年的LinuxCon大会于9月19日星期四在新奥尔良举办，Linux内核之父 **Linus Torvalds** 也出席了本次大会，他还作为Linux内核开发座谈小组的一员，回答了大量有关Linux发展的问题。座谈小组另外三人为 **Tejun Heo、Sarah Sharp和Greg Kroah-HartMan** 。座谈会由Ric Wheeler主持，他是红帽负责内核文件与储备团队的高级经理。
|
||||
|
||||
Ric给座谈小组提出了很多问题，其中一个问题是，是否有政府的代理商曾要求在Linux中植入后门。这个问题在讨论开始后的第25分钟被提出来，问题一经提出，整个会场顿时鸦雀无声。这是什么情况？沉默究竟意味着什么？小组成员是打算以沉默代替回答吗？
|
||||
|
||||
突然间，人们听见了一声低沉悠长而又有力的‘NO’。不是别人，正是Linus Torvald本人的回答。他微笑着（译注，回答“NO”的时候同时大力点头）回答了这个所有Linux用户都关心的问题。紧接着，他伴着一个意味深长表情又严肃地说了一个‘no’。这第二个no是什么意思？到底代表‘no’还是代表‘yes’？亲爱的读者们，你们认为NSA会在Linux里植入后门么？虽然我不这么认为，但是我还是想知道各位读者的意见，请在评论中告诉我。另外，分享本文给其他Linux用户之余，请不要忘了看看下面的的视频，有时仅靠文字并不代表你能看清一切。（作为一个负责任的译者，视频我看了，真相就在Linus的表情动作上！）
|
||||
|
||||
**视频地址：**
|
||||
|
||||
- [LinuxCon & CloudOpen North America 2013 – Linux 内核讨论小组][1] (关于后门的问题在24分15秒)
|
||||
|
||||
(译者注，youtube视频需翻墙，我们也搬运了一份回来，墙内参看下面：http://static.video.qq.com/TPout.swf?vid=x0118v8m6k6&auto=1)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
大会官网：
|
||||
- [http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/linuxcon-north-america][2]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/linus-torvalds-talks-backdoor-linuxcon/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿] 校对：[Caroline][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Mr小眼儿]:http://linux.cn/space/14801
|
||||
[Caroline]:http://linux.cn/space/14763
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84Sx0E13gAo&noredirect=1
|
||||
[2]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/linuxcon-north-america
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
||||
基于Ubuntu13.04的多媒体制作工作室ArtistX 1.5 发行版
|
||||
========================================
|
||||
|
||||
刚刚发布的ArtistX 1.5，是一个基于Ubuntu的发行版，旨在能够为来自各个领域的艺术家和创作者提供一个真实自由的环境。
|
||||
|
||||
开发者们花费近十年的时间来改进这个Linux版本，目前这个新改进的ArtistX 1.5已经可以安装使用了。
|
||||
|
||||
ArtistX 1.5发行版是基于Ubuntu 13.04的（Raring Ringtail-译者注：Ubuntu 13.04的代号，直译为“铆足了劲的猫熊”），它能够将一个简单的电脑变成一个完整的多媒体制作工作室。
|
||||
|
||||
因为它是基于Ubuntu系统，所以ArtistX使用Linux内核3.8和GNOME 3.6，它也包括多达2500种免费的多媒体软件。
|
||||
|
||||
据开发者们说，ArtistX不会使用Unity，从2013年4月开始到发布之时，已经完成了所有的更新内容，如Ubiquity安装程序，以及其它更多程序。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
开发者在公告中表示：“DVD里面所带的部分软件可以在网站的软件页面里面找到的，/usr/bin 目录下（在Linux系统上存储可执行文件的地方）有数量超过5000的二进制文件。我们现在的ArtistX拥有一个新的论坛以及列出前100个免费软件的新软件页。”
|
||||
|
||||
ArtistX 1.5包括软件3D引擎及其开发，3D建模和动画处理（Art of Illusion，Ayam，Blender，Equinox 3D， K3d，Make Human，Moonlight3D，Sculptris，Wings3D，SweetHome3D，Y.A.P.R.M），音频DJ软件（Beatport SYN，Freecycle，Freewheling，Mixxx，QSampler，Smasher，Tactile 12000，TerminatorX）和声音合成器。
|
||||
|
||||
此发行版也包括其他重要的应用程序，如CAD制图软件（FreeCAD, LibreCAD），DVD后期处理，分形软件，图片与照片编辑，图片与照片查看器，OCR识别，收音机软件，TV和录制，视频编辑，视频编解码，影音动漫和卡通软件，视频VJ，而这些只是其中的一部分。
|
||||
|
||||
完整的新应用程序列表和功能可在[更新日志][1]中找到。
|
||||
|
||||
**下载 ArtistX 1.5**
|
||||
|
||||
- [ArtistX 1.5 (ISO)][2] [3.70 GB]
|
||||
- [MD5校验][3] [0 KB]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Multimedia-Production-Studio-ArtistX-1-5-Distro-Is-Based-on-Ubuntu-13-04-383564.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vito][] 校对：[Caroline][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Vito]:http://linux.cn/space/Vito
|
||||
[Caroline]:http://linux.cn/space/14763
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://artistx.org/blog/
|
||||
[2]:http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/artistx/artistx_1.5_live_dvd_iso_15_09_2013.iso
|
||||
[3]:http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/artistx/artistx_1.5_live_dvd_iso_15_09_2013.iso.md5
|
||||
|
||||
74
published/Removing Applications Using Terminal in Ubuntu.md
Normal file
74
published/Removing Applications Using Terminal in Ubuntu.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
|
||||
在Ubuntu中使用终端删除应用程序
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
作为一个Linux（Ubuntu)用户，你每次从终端安装应用程序的时候都会用到**apt-get**这条命令。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然可以使用图形化界面来安装删除应用程序，但是命令行依然被认为是功能强大的方式。在安装了许多大大小小的应用程序以后，你会需要更多的磁盘空间来安装其他的应用程序，或者有些程序对你不再有用了。
|
||||
|
||||
大多数人，尤其是初学者，通过在查阅资料后，能够从终端安装一个程序，但是却很难删除它。我也曾经有过这样的经历。
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个简单的教程，指导你如何删除已经安装的软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
a. 打开终端（ctrl + alt + t）
|
||||
|
||||
b. 输入
|
||||
|
||||
$ dpkg --list
|
||||
|
||||
（这条命令会显示所有已安装的包）
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
$ dpkg --list | less
|
||||
|
||||
（这样可以轻松的使用用户密钥来导航）
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
如果你知道软件包的名字，你可以使用管道命令**grep**来查找，使用下面的语句：
|
||||
|
||||
$ dpkg --list|grep -i 'packagename'
|
||||
|
||||
以**VLC**播放器为例。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
c. 查找要删除的包名字，这里我要使用**sox**。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
d. 只删除一个软件包，使用下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get remove <packagename>
|
||||
|
||||
比如，删除一个叫**sox**的软件包，输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get remove sox
|
||||
|
||||
输入y来确认卸载。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
e. 要删除一个包以及它的配置文件，输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get --purge remove <packagename>
|
||||
|
||||
比如，删除一个叫sox的包以及其所有的配置文件：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get --purge remove sox
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/removing-applications-using-terminal-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[markvv][] 校对：[Caroline][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[markvv]:http://linux.cn/space/markvv
|
||||
[Caroline]:http://linux.cn/space/14763
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
|
||||
SchoolTool：先进的学院管理和信息系统
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
[SchoolTool][1]是一个基于网页的开源免费学生信息系统，为世界各地的学校而设计。它是由[Shuttleworth][2]研发并发布，基于翻译、定位和自动化部署的有力支持，通过 **Ubuntu Linux 安装程序** 和 **包管理系统** 更新。
|
||||
|
||||
SchoolTool是经GPL2许可，使用 **Zope 3** 框架并用 **Python** 语言编写。这个项目的主要目标是创建一个简单的turnkey模式（译者注：一个“交钥匙”的“工程项目管理模式”）学生管理和信息系统，包括中小学人数统计、学分表、出勤、日历和报告。
|
||||
|
||||
###功能
|
||||
|
||||
- 可定制学生和教师的人数统计和其他个人的数据
|
||||
- 为教师，学生和监护人提供联人管理
|
||||
- 教师学分表
|
||||
- 全校评估数据收集和报告卡
|
||||
- 班级到场人数和每日出勤分数
|
||||
- 学校，群组，个人和资源预定日历
|
||||
- 跟踪和管理学生的干预措施
|
||||
|
||||
###安装SchoolTool
|
||||
|
||||
SchoolTool核心开发团队强烈建议和推荐在Ubuntu 12.04或之后版本安装SchoolTool。他们为多个系统创建了软件包，但其核心开发团队不支持它们。
|
||||
|
||||
SchoolTool是在官方软件仓库中找到的，所以，我们可以用命令来安装它：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install schooltool
|
||||
|
||||
另外，可以用PPA来获取更新版本和开发版本。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:schooltool-owners/ppa
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:schooltool-owners/dev
|
||||
|
||||
使用命令更新软件源列表并最后用命令安装SchoolTool：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install schooltool
|
||||
|
||||
###访问SchoolTool
|
||||
|
||||
打开你的浏览器在地址栏中输入 **http://localhost:7080** 。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想通过远程客户端打开它，编辑文件 **/etc/schooltool/standard/paste.ini** 。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo nano /etc/schooltool/standard/paste.ini
|
||||
|
||||
设置主机值为0.0.0.0 如下所示。
|
||||
|
||||
host = 0.0.0.0
|
||||
|
||||
保存并关闭文件。重启schoolTool服务。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service schooltool restart
|
||||
|
||||
现在，你可以从你的浏览器上用URL **http://ip-address:7080** 来访问SchoolTool网页控制台。你将看到一个空白的日历，如下图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
###初始化配置，更改管理员密码
|
||||
|
||||
SchoolTool默认的管理员账户是“ **manger** ”，密码是“ **schooltool** ”。登录使用以上认证。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在上面定位到 **Home** 按钮。点击 **Password** 下方的 **Setting** 部分。输入两次旧密码和新密码并单击Apply。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
###服务设置
|
||||
|
||||
登录管理员账户。在Server部分，你将发现你的SchoolTool服务器的细节。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
###设置外发邮件
|
||||
|
||||
SchoolTool并不像Sendmail或Postfix扮演着邮件服务器的工作。它将像邮件客户端一样发送邮件，如Thunderbird, Evolution。
|
||||
|
||||
若要在SchoolTool中启用邮件功能，登录管理账户并转到Server列表。点击 **Outgoing Email** 链接。在那之后，点击黄色铅笔图标去更改邮件设置。填充smtp，Email和password并单击apply。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
###设置日历
|
||||
|
||||
按照你的区域位置设置日历很重要。点击Server部分的 **Calendar** 列表。选择你的时区，我的设置是 **Asia/Kolkatta** 。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
转到其他链接，如Errors，Tabs和Pack Database。管理操作系统是不言而喻的。按照你的需求阅读和改变设置。
|
||||
|
||||
###设置学校
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们来介绍简明又重要的部分，它需要我们花费更多的时间和精力来完成。本文并不能覆含所有内容，所以我推荐你去访问SchoolTool官方[文档][3]，一个接一个仔细浏览每一部分，按照要求设置你的学校。完成整个学校的设置需要花费可能会花费几个小时甚至几天的时间。别害怕，它并不困难：SchoolTool团队在其网站为用户充分准备了自我帮助的文档和截图。你不必去其他任何地方学习SchoolTool，通过SchoolTool文档页就能学习并DIY。
|
||||
|
||||
###参考文献：
|
||||
|
||||
- [SchoolTool 网站][4]
|
||||
- [维基百科][5]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
via： <http://www.unixmen.com/schooltool-advanced-school-management-information-system/>
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vito][] 校对：[Caroline][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Vito]:http://linux.cn/space/Vito
|
||||
[Caroline]:http://linux.cn/space/14763
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://schooltool.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://book.schooltool.org/setup-toc.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.schooltool.org/
|
||||
[5]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SchoolTool
|
||||
@@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
|
||||
功能强大界面友好的加密程序，TrueCrypt
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
===============================
|
||||
|
||||
[TrueCrypt][1]是一款免费的开源加密程序，拥具有强大、多样、先进、高质量的加密能力，它具有友好、易懂的用户界面和功能。
|
||||
|
||||
TrueCrypt允许用户通过密码访问加密后的文件，其本质上是将文件解密后再像常规文件一样访问。完全加密后的文件，非用户以外的人是无法访问的。
|
||||
|
||||
TrueCrypt的各项**特性**如下：
|
||||
TrueCrypt的各项 **特性** 如下：
|
||||
|
||||
- 能够建立加密文件夹并将其呈现为真实的硬盘
|
||||
- 支持加密存储设备（例如U盘）或整个分区
|
||||
- 自动根据需要进行实时动态加密
|
||||
- 充分利用系统资源，能够快速读取加密数据，速度接近访问未加密数据时的速度
|
||||
|
||||
TrueCrypt的**实时动态加密**，意指：
|
||||
TrueCrypt的 **实时动态加密** ，意指：
|
||||
|
||||
- 数据在存储之前就已经被自动加密
|
||||
- 数据在加载之后会自动解密
|
||||
- 例如，播放一个加密文件夹里的小电影，TrueCrypt会直接在内存中将密数据一部分一部分解密后再送入指定的内存块（或播放器）。也就是说“TrueCrypt从不会将明数据放在硬盘上，这些明数据只会暂时存在于内存里”。
|
||||
|
||||
下面几个步骤教你如何用TrueCrypt**新建**一个加密文件夹：
|
||||
下面几个步骤教你如何用TrueCrypt **新建** 一个加密文件夹：
|
||||
|
||||
- [下载][2]TrueCrypt 7.1
|
||||
- 解压缩后在终端中输入以下命令（假设你解压在了Downloads文件夹下）
|
||||
|
||||
> cd Downloads
|
||||
|
||||
> ./truecrypt-7.1a-setup-x64
|
||||
cd Downloads
|
||||
./truecrypt-7.1a-setup-x64
|
||||
|
||||
（如果你的操作系统是32位，将上面的x64改为x32）
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch HD Screenshot Tour – The Road So Far Vito
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch will be released in a little over a month, which means that the operating systems is getting pretty close to its stable version. We took a look at the interface and functions and we put together a comprehensive screenshot tour.
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch HD 截图赏析 - 至今走过的路
|
||||
==================================
|
||||
|
||||
The general feel and design that has been presented back in January for Ubuntu Touch has been kept, but the operating system is no longer full of dummy apps. Most of applications included by default are now working.
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch将在一个多月后发布，这意味着这个这个系统已经接近稳定。我们来看看它的界面和功能，并来一个全面的截图赏析。
|
||||
|
||||
This means that if you download and install today Ubuntu Touch you will have a minimally working phone. You will be able to call and receive calls, and to send and receive SMS messages. The browser is also working, along with the image viewer and the gallery.
|
||||
早在今年一月，Ubuntu Touch就已经有了一个大致的体验和设计，但现在这个系统不再全是APP样子货了。大多数其默认包含的应用程序现在已经可以工作了。
|
||||
|
||||
Other features include a minimal Contacts feature, a smoother launcher, a calendar, and camera. This latest app includes a lot of features and some of them are not even available on other operating systems.
|
||||
这就是说，如果你今天下载和安装Ubuntu Touch，你将有一个最起码可以工作的电话了。你能接打电话、收发短信。浏览器同样工作，还有图像查看器和图库等。
|
||||
|
||||
There are still a few problems with some of the base features, such as the clock, which can’t be set manually, and there isn’t an alarm app available.
|
||||
其他功能包括一个简单的联系人功能、一个方便的启动器、一个日历和相机。最终的应用程序将包括很多功能，并且它们中的一些从来没有出现在其它其他系统上。
|
||||
|
||||
As expected, this is not a stable version and it will not provide a smooth ride. Canonical has implemented an OTA update functionality and the developers are pushing updates on a daily basis. When the 1.0 version will be made available, on October 17 if everything goes well, Ubuntu Touch should be a lot better.
|
||||
基本功能仍然有一些问题，比如，时钟不能手动设置，也不能设置闹钟。
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch is developed, so far, for the Nexus 4 and 7 devices from LG and Google, but it’s expected to arrive on multiple other devices with the help of the XDA developers.
|
||||
正如预期的，这不是个稳定版本并且它将不提供稳定版本。Canonical公司实施了在线更新功能，开发人员每天都会推出更新。如果一切顺利的话，在10月17日推出1.0版本时，Ubuntu Touch应该会好很多。
|
||||
|
||||
If just these features will be available by the time of the launch, including a way to import Gmail contacts and a simple email application, a lot of users will be ready to abandon their current operating system.
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch是基于LG和Google的Nexus 4和Nexus 7开发的，但是预计在XDA的开发者们的帮助下会支持更多设备。
|
||||
|
||||
If you don’t know already, Ubuntu Touch is an operating system developed by Canonical for phones and tablets. It features a design without buttons and it relies solely on touch input, hence the name.
|
||||
如果在发布时这些功能都可以用了的话，包括导入Gmail的联系人和一个简单的邮件应用程序，很多用户都准备更换掉他们当前的系统。
|
||||
|
||||
Check the gallery below to see how the interface has evolved and what are the features implemented so far.
|
||||
如果你还不知道的话，Ubuntu Touch是一个由Canonical公司为电话和平板自主研发的操作系统。它的特点是没有物理按钮的设计，且其仅依靠触摸输入，并因此而得名。
|
||||
|
||||
通过下面的图库去看看界面如何演变和到目前为止有了什么功能吧。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -73,9 +74,9 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Touch-Screenshot-Tour-The-Road-So-Far
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
译者：[Vito][] 校对：[wxy][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
[Vito]:http://linux.cn/space/Vito
|
||||
[wxy]:http://linux.cn/space/wxy
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
|
||||
增加了新功能并修复了1000个bug的VLC 2.1发布
|
||||
====================================
|
||||
|
||||
VLC 是一个强大的多功能媒体播放器, 包含大量的功能并支持绝大多数已存在的解码器和视频格式,用户可尽情体验其强大功能.
|
||||
|
||||
**VLC 2.1 "Rincewind"** 已经[发布][1], 它进行了大量的修复,优化和改进,包括:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 重写音频核心,改进音量处理
|
||||
- 重修音频模块以适配新的音频核心
|
||||
- 4k视频支持
|
||||
- 通过VDPAU硬件解码
|
||||
- 支持不完整的MP4文件
|
||||
- 增加支持MKV,MJPEG和AVI流
|
||||
- 增强蓝光输入
|
||||
- 加强MKV 搜索
|
||||
- 改进MKV文件metadata和字幕支持
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
VLC 2.1 **修复了约 1000个bug** , 从而加强了该媒体播放器,相对于之前的版本它增强了稳定性,速度和可靠性.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如何 **安装** VLC 2.1?
|
||||
|
||||
添加下面的 **官方的** PPA (Ubuntu 13.10)，然后安装：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/stable-daily
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install vlc
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/vlc-21-released-new-features-and-1000-bug-fixes
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[flsf01][] 校对：[jasminepeng][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[flsf01]:http://linux.cn/space/flsf01
|
||||
[jasminepeng]:http://linux.cn/space/jasminepeng
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.videolan.org/vlc/releases/2.1.0.html
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
|
||||
Add a metallic variation to Saucy's default wall with Aqua Graphite wallpaper
|
||||
翻译中
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
In every Ubuntu development cycle, the implemented-by-default wallpapers are gathered from two sources: on one hand, there is the submission contest, where creative artists submit images to a dedicated Flickr pool, on the other hand, there is the default wallpaper.
|
||||
|
||||
The **Ubuntu designer Mika Meskanen** shared on [Twitter][1] an interesting variation of Ubuntu 13.10's default wallpaper, filtering the Saucy's default wall through a more sober metallic feel.
|
||||
|
||||
Labeled as "Aqua Graphite", the wall shifts the default Saucy wallpaper's colors to gray-to-blue colors, being a pleasant addition to the vivid orange-to-red Saucy default background.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Along with imprinting a cold static feel to the desktop, the Aqua Graphite wallpaper pushes a blue color into the Dash, thus being suitable for users preferring blue colors.
|
||||
|
||||
The 2,7MB 2560x1600 wallpaper is available for download on [http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2831/9950159855_fa8077e928_o.png][2]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/add-metallic-variation-saucys-default-wall-aqua-graphite-wallpaper
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://twitter.com/Mesq/status/383221778257936384
|
||||
[2]:http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2831/9950159855_fa8077e928_o.png
|
||||
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Embedded Terminal – A Gedit Plugin To Access The Command Line Terminal From Within The Editor Window
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Sometimes while working with GUI based programs in Linux, you have to hop between the program window and the command line window. This consumes a bit of time. A terminal window embedded inside the program window is the best solution to this problem. I am not sure about all the other programs but if you are looking for such a solution for gedit, then there is a plug-in — **Embedded Terminal** — that lets you access command line terminal from within the gedit window.
|
||||
|
||||
**Gedit Embedded Terminal Plugin**
|
||||
|
||||
**NOTE** – Ubuntu 13.04 was used for all the examples presented in this article.
|
||||
|
||||
**A Brief Tutorial**
|
||||
|
||||
Once the plug-in is installed, it becomes very easy for the user to edit files and access command line simultaneously.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a screen shot of gedit window with this plug-in enabled:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
So you can see that command line operations can now be done easily along with editing text files in gedit window.
|
||||
|
||||
**Download/Install**
|
||||
|
||||
Following steps are required to properly download-install-configure embedded terminal plug-in in gedit:
|
||||
|
||||
**Step-1**
|
||||
|
||||
Install the gedit plug-ins through the following command :
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install gedit-plugins
|
||||
|
||||
**Step-2**
|
||||
|
||||
Now, in the gedit window, go to Edit->Preferences->Plugins and enable the Embedded Terminal Plug-in
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Step-3**
|
||||
|
||||
Now, click View->Bottom Panel in the gedit window
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
And you will see that an embedded terminal appears at the bottom panel of the gedit window.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The only problem here is that the colour scheme is not good i.e., white prompt on light grey background makes it almost impossible to work. To change the colour scheme follow the next series of steps.
|
||||
|
||||
**Step-4**
|
||||
|
||||
Open dconf-editor. If it is not installed, install it through the following command :
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install dconf-tools
|
||||
|
||||
Once installed, execute it using the following command :
|
||||
|
||||
dconf-editor
|
||||
|
||||
In the dconf editor window, go to org->gnome->gedit->plugins->terminal and deselect the use-theme-colors option.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Step-5**
|
||||
|
||||
Now restart the gedit program.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Observe that a colour scheme of black prompt over light background is now active.
|
||||
|
||||
**Pros**
|
||||
|
||||
- Ease of accessing a terminal from within the gedit window
|
||||
- Being a plug-in, it can be deleted any-time.
|
||||
|
||||
**Cons**
|
||||
|
||||
- The colour scheme problem is the major hurdle in initial configuration.`
|
||||
|
||||
**Conclusion**
|
||||
|
||||
No matter how hard you try, it’s difficult to avoid command line while working on Linux. So, It’s always good to have an embedded terminal in the program window you use the most. This plug-in for gedit is a nice little tool that helps you to save some time. Try it, it’s worth installing.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://mylinuxbook.com/embedded-terminal-a-gedit-plugin/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
Vito
|
||||
|
||||
Glances – An All In One System Monitoring Tool
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
There are very few command line tools that aim to provide a user with maximum possible information irrespective of the terminal size. Most of the utilities respond in similar manner — Either the display of information gets messed up or tool gives an error. But, one such tool that displays a lot of system/network monitoring related information from a 80X24 terminal to any bigger size terminal is **Glances**.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
|
||||
How To Hide Ubuntu 13.04 Unity Launcher In 5 Easy Steps
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
For last couple of days, I was exploring and learning about conky. While capturing its screen-shots, I got stuck with a repetitive task of cropping out unity launcher from the screen-shots. Suddenly, I asked myself — is there a way through which the unity launcher can be made hidden by default (i.e., it appears only when needed)? I googled around and found that it can be easily done through an option system settings. So, today, I’ll not be discussing a particular application but a useful how-to that will definitely be very helpful to other Ubuntu users.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Snapshot Of My Ubuntu Desktop With Unity Launcher*
|
||||
|
||||
**NOTE** — All the instructions presented in this article are tested on Ubuntu 13.04
|
||||
|
||||
## Steps To Hide Unity Launcher In Ubuntu 13.04 ##
|
||||
|
||||
Here are the steps :
|
||||
|
||||
**Step-1**
|
||||
|
||||
Go to the main menu and click the **System Settings** option.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Step-2**
|
||||
|
||||
Inside system settings, click the **Appearance** option.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Step-3**
|
||||
|
||||
Now, go to the tab titled ‘Behavior’.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Step-4**
|
||||
|
||||
Turn the radio button on the top right side from OFF to ON.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Step-5**
|
||||
|
||||
After previous step, the unity launcher gets hidden by default. It only appears when mouse hits the left end of the screen. To adjust the sensitivity of launcher appearance, slide the bar (shown below) as per your requirement.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a snap-shot of my desktop when I completed all the 5 steps (listed above).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Snapshot Of My Ubuntu Desktop With Unity Launcher*
|
||||
|
||||
**Important**
|
||||
|
||||
I also thought to reposition the unity launcher at the bottom of the desktop (like you have it in Apple’s Mac), but read that it is not possible to reposition the launcher in Ubuntu from 12.04 onwards. Just like many other users, I was also a bit disappointed. Anyway, if you want to read more on this, you can read this [detailed discussion on Ubuntu Forums][1].
|
||||
|
||||
Share with us if you have known any unofficial way (an app or a plugin??) to reposition the unity launcher in Ubuntu 13.04.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
via: http://mylinuxbook.com/hide-unity-launcher-ubuntu-13-04/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2147537
|
||||
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to Beautify Your Linux Desktop with Pacifica Icons
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
The following tutorial will teach all Linux users how to beautify their current desktop environment with the gorgeous, flat and modern Pacifica icon theme.
|
||||
|
||||
Being inspired by the most beautiful Linux operating system in the world, elementary OS, and by wonderful icon themes like Nitrux, Faenza, Moka and Plastico, the Pacifica icon theme brings something new to the Linux world, something that we've all been expecting for a long time.
|
||||
|
||||
Francisco Villarroel is the main developer and designer behind the Pacifica icon theme. He goes by the name bokehlicia on the DeviantArt website, [the place of birth for his superb icon theme][1].
|
||||
|
||||
And now for the technical details, we can tell you that we've tested the Pacifica icon theme on a pure GNOME 3 desktop environment, under the Arch Linux operating system. However, Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) users can also install it via the elementary OS PPA, thanks to Carlos Gomes.
|
||||
|
||||
The Pacifica icon theme requires the elementary icon theme, as well as the default gnome and hicolor icon themes found in any GNOME-based Linux distribution. So, if you have these requirements, the Pacifica icon theme should also work on your desktop environment or Linux distro.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Let's get down and dirty with the installation of this wonderful icon theme on Arch Linux and Ubuntu. First, here are the installation instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 LTS users:
|
||||
|
||||
Open a Terminal by hitting the **CTRL+ALT+T** key combination, and paste the following commands, one by one, hitting Enter after each one...
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:elementary-br/projects
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install -y pacifica-icon-theme
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
That's it! You can now use GNOME Tweak Tool, or any other application that can help you change icon themes on your system, to activate the Pacifica icon theme. If you prefer the command-line, use the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme "Pacifica"
|
||||
|
||||
And now for Arch Linux users, use your favorite AUR helper to [install the pacifica-icon-theme package][2]. The same instructions from above apply to Arch Linux users too, in order to set the new Pacifica icon theme.
|
||||
|
||||
And for the rest of the world, do not hesitate to manually download and install the Pacifica icon theme on your Linux operating system, or use the icons for whatever you want.
|
||||
|
||||
Do not hesitate to comment below if you run into problems during this tutorial.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Beautify-You-Linux-Desktop-with-Pacifica-Icons-385877.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://bokehlicia.deviantart.com/art/Pacifica-Icons-402508559
|
||||
[2]:https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pacifica-icon-theme/
|
||||
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Lightweight Markup Languages
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
A lightweight markup language is a modern system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text, and designed with a simple readable syntax. In fact, the syntax is so basic that anyone can quickly learn to use these markup languages. The key advantage of this type of language is that it is designed to be easy to enter the annotated text in a text editor, and at the same time easy to follow the document source.
|
||||
|
||||
This type of language has plain text formats, with very simple special characters or strings that mark up section headers, lists, tables, link syntax, font faces and so on.
|
||||
|
||||
There are a number of uses for lightweight markup languages. We live in a world where there is a constant stream of emails, memos, articles, reports, and tweets. Many people write, rearrange and reuse text. Lightweight markup languages are helpful in this regard, saving lots of time over hand-crafted HTML tags, speeding up any writing-related process. They also are particularly strong where the reader wants to read the document source as well as the output. Moreover, they are frequently used in web-based publishing, including wikis and weblogs.
|
||||
|
||||
By using these open source tools, individuals can produce high quality annotated text within a few minutes, and at no cost at all. The code is portable, and can be output to documents in a wide array of formats.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, let's explore the 7 lightweight markup languages at hand. For each title we have compiled its own portal page, a full description with an in-depth analysis of its features, together with links to relevant resources and reviews.
|
||||
|
||||
- **[Markdown][1]** --Markup language and Text-to-HTML conversion tool
|
||||
- **[MultiMarkdown][2]** --Based on Markdown with additional features
|
||||
- **[AsciiDoc][3]** --Presentable text document format for writing articles
|
||||
- **[Textile][4]** --Billed as a "humane web text generator"
|
||||
- **[Texy][5]** --Text-to-XHTML formatter and converter library
|
||||
- **[Tome][6]** --Markup Language and Tool Suite for Authors
|
||||
- **[reStructuredText][7]** --Markup Syntax and Parser Component of Docutils
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20130921022758982/LightweightMarkupLanguages.html
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
|
||||
[2]:http://fletcherpenney.net/multimarkdown/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/
|
||||
[4]:http://textile.sitemonks.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://texy.info/en/
|
||||
[6]:https://bitbucket.org/bmearns/tome/
|
||||
[7]:http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html
|
||||
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Multimedia Production Studio ArtistX 1.5 Distro Is Based on Ubuntu 13.04
|
||||
==========
|
||||
**ArtistX 1.5, an Ubuntu-based distribution that aims to enable artists and creators from a number of fields to work via a live and free environment, has just been released.**
|
||||
|
||||
The developers have spent almost ten years refining this Linux distribution and the new and improved 1.5 version is now available.
|
||||
|
||||
ArtistX 1.5 distribution is based on Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail) and it turns a simple computer into a full multimedia production studio.
|
||||
|
||||
Just like the Ubuntu system it's based on, ArtistX uses the Linux kernel 3.8 and GNOME 3.6. It also includes 2.500 free multimedia software packages,
|
||||
|
||||
According to the developers, ArtistX doesn't use Unity, features all the updates from April 2013 until the time of the release, the Ubiquity installer, and much more.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
“A partial list of software included in the DVD is available at the software page, the /usr/bin directory (where software executables are kept on a Linux system) counts more than 5000 binaries. We have now a new Forum and a new Software page with the TOP 100 free software available in ArtistX!” stated the developers in the announcement.
|
||||
|
||||
ArtistX 1.5 includes software for 3D Engine and Development, 3D Modelling and Animation (Art of Illusion, Ayam, Blender, Equinox 3D, K3d, Make Human, Moonlight3D, Sculptris, Wings3D, SweetHome3D, Y.A.P.R.M), Audio DJ Software (Beatport SYN, Freecycle, Freewheling, Mixxx, QSampler, Smasher, Tactile 12000, TerminatorX), and Audio Synth.
|
||||
|
||||
The distribution also comes with other important applications such as CAD software (FreeCAD, LibreCAD), DVD Mastering, Fractals software, Image and Picture Editing, Image and Picture Viewer, Optical Character Recognition, Radio Software, TV and Recording, Video Editing, Video Encoding and Decoding, Video Animation and Cartoon Software, and Video VJ. And this is just naming a few.
|
||||
|
||||
A complete list of new applications and features can be found in the [changelog][1].
|
||||
|
||||
**Download ArtistX 1.5**
|
||||
|
||||
- [ArtistX 1.5 (ISO)][2][iso] [3.70 GB]
|
||||
- [MD5][3][md5] [0 KB]
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Multimedia-Production-Studio-ArtistX-1-5-Distro-Is-Based-on-Ubuntu-13-04-383564.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://artistx.org/blog/
|
||||
[2]:http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/artistx/artistx_1.5_live_dvd_iso_15_09_2013.iso
|
||||
[3]:http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/artistx/artistx_1.5_live_dvd_iso_15_09_2013.iso.md5
|
||||
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
|
||||
NTFS Partition Repair and Recovery In Linux
|
||||
NTFS分区在linux的修复与恢复
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Once again we find ourselves in the unenviable position of bailing out one of our Windows friends/family/acquaintances/business associates or other assorted persons. Although we don’t have their particular day to day challenges, we do often find that we are the “go to” person when they have issues. Heaven forbid, we may have even had our own issues with our Windows partition/drive (after all, we have to game sometime and despite the efforts of Steam, Linux just isn’t a gamer’s dream yet). Let’s take a look at a couple of scenarios that may come up that we can fix with our handy Linux distribution and some of the NTFS partition recovery tools at our disposal.
|
||||
|
||||
**Just Fix It**
|
||||
|
||||
Windows systems generally tolerate unscheduled “hard boots” (power outages, turning off the power strip or caused by the fingers of the resident little person) pretty well. In fact, to this day, often the most effective means of fixing a Windows desktop problem is to simply reboot the system. However, on occasion, the Windows partition will indicate that it needs the drive checked for consistency. Not doing so after a few reboots can cause whatever festering file system problem there is to get worse. Windows file system checks are notoriously slow and often have to be done multiple times before they clear the “dirty” flag on the filesystem.
|
||||
|
||||
Enter a little utility called ‘ntfsfix’ which can be downloaded for Debian based systems (i.e. Ubuntu) as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ntfsfix
|
||||
|
||||
or RPM based systems (i.e. Red Hat or CentOS):
|
||||
|
||||
sudo yum install ntfsfix
|
||||
|
||||
The ‘ntfsfix’ utility will QUICKLY fix common errors and NTFS inconsistencies. The most common ones without any parameters. It will also report back items not fixed that we can address by passing in the following:
|
||||
|
||||
- -b: clears bad sectors on the disk (can be used when cloning an older disk to a newer one)
|
||||
- -d: clear the “dirty” flag, the most common reason that Linux may not mount a Windows partition, usually happens when Windows did not successfully shut down before being powered off
|
||||
- -n: does nothing but display to standard out what it would have done (in other words, what repair needed to be made)
|
||||
|
||||
I have had the NTFS Disk Check that starts before Windows take hours to simply get around to resetting the “dirty” flag on a drive during boot whereas ‘ntfsfix’ completes that activity in about three seconds.
|
||||
|
||||
**Deeper Dive**
|
||||
|
||||
Unfortunately, not everything can be fixed quickly. In fact, there are a very large number of very expensive disk recovery software (often under the category of “disk forensics” since they are employed by investigators when sifting through damaged drives) for fixing drives that power up but won’t boot or provide file system access.
|
||||
|
||||
There is a fantastic, and free, utility (and fully bootable rescue CD if it is inside your local computer) for recovering your Windows NTFS partition (and it can do EXT2/3/4, FAT/FAT32/exFAT, HFS and SunFS filesystems too). This utility is called [TestDisk][1] and is available in Debian and CentOS repositories under that name. Red Hat does not make this utility available in their repositories, however, it can easily be installed.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install testdisk
|
||||
|
||||
or RPM based systems (i.e. Red Hat or CentOS):
|
||||
|
||||
sudo yum install testdisk
|
||||
|
||||
I cannot say enough good things about this utility. If the drive powers on and spins up, even if it has physical damage, odds are this little baby will get some of your files off of it. You start it up by issuing a plain old “sudo testdisk /dev/sdX” where ‘X’ is your drive and then you will see something like this:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*TestDisk Running in a Terminal*
|
||||
|
||||
Use of the tool is as simple as following the menu prompts. This is interactive, it will scan whatever partition you indicate and then present you with the rebuilt directory and file list which you can then mark and restore to another disk/partition. I have successfully recovered files from Windows, OSX and Linux partitions that were either unbootable for one reason or another or had the dreaded “click of doom” that indicates your drive is not long for this world.
|
||||
|
||||
In all fairness, you cannot expect 100% recovery rate especially if you drive has damage, but anything is better than nothing and it doesn’t cost as much (read: nothing) as sending it to a recovery specialist. Get this tool now if you have drive problems.
|
||||
|
||||
**Final Thoughts**
|
||||
|
||||
Drive recovery is a lot easier, and certainly a lot cheaper when you use Linux, either connecting to the drive in question using a USB cradle or booting from a Live CD with the rescue tools installed on CD. Everything we talked about in this article is freely available and under active development (updated). Leave us a comment below and indicate what tools you have had to use to recover from your drive problems.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://blog.linuxacademy.com/linux/ntfs-partition-repair-and-recovery-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk
|
||||
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Nautilus Gksu Plugin – Add ‘Open As Administrator’ Option To Your Right Click Menu
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
For past few days, I was missing a right-click menu option (in nautilus file manager) to open a file/folder as administrator. Reason being, for every operation that required root privileges, I had to go back to the command line terminal and use sudo. It’s not that I am not used to command line but still I wanted at least the availability of something equivalent to [sudo or su][1]). I searched around and found a nautilus plugin — **Nautilus-Gksu**.
|
||||
|
||||
**NOTE** – All the examples presented in this article have been tested on Ubuntu 13.04
|
||||
|
||||
**Nautilus-Gksu**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**A Brief Tutorial**
|
||||
|
||||
Nautilus-Gksu plugin adds a useful option to the right-click menu — **Open as administrator**. This helps a great deal while working with files and folders in nautilus file manager.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, suppose you want to open root folder from nautilus file manager. Ideally a double-click open would fetch you an error like :
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
But with nautilus gksu plug-in installed, all you need to do is to right-click on the folder and select ‘Open as administrator’ option.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Once you click on this option, you will be prompted for a password.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Just enter the password and do whatever you want.
|
||||
|
||||
**Download/Install**
|
||||
|
||||
As already mentioned, I use Ubuntu 13.04 for most of my articles these days and let me be honest that it was hard to install this plugin through recommended methods.
|
||||
|
||||
This means that the commands like :
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install nautilus-gksu
|
||||
|
||||
were not working as I was getting the following error :
|
||||
|
||||
Reading package lists... Done
|
||||
Building dependency tree
|
||||
Reading state information... Done
|
||||
E: Unable to locate package nautilus-gksu
|
||||
|
||||
I googled the problem and found that I am not the only one facing this problem but many other Ubuntu 13.04 users are also facing a [similar kind of problem][2]. Anyway, I kept on looking for a solution, until I found a [pointer to the solution][3]. I read the complete post on [AskUbuntu][4] and tried the steps mentioned for Ubuntu 12.04.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a snapshot of that post :
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
After reading the post above, I followed the following steps :
|
||||
|
||||
- Downloaded the [64 bit package of the plugin][5]. [Mine is a 64 bit system]
|
||||
- Extracted the downloaded .deb file.
|
||||
- Executed the following command :
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cp /home/himanshu/Downloads/nautilus-gksu_2.0.2-5ubuntu2_amd64/usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-2.0/libnautilus-gksu.so /usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-3.0/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
After these 3 steps, the plug-in was installed successfully.
|
||||
|
||||
**Pros**
|
||||
|
||||
Lets you easily open any file or folder with root privileges on a right-click.
|
||||
|
||||
**Cons**
|
||||
|
||||
Installation on Ubuntu 13.04 is not easy
|
||||
|
||||
**Conclusion**
|
||||
|
||||
If you are work involves using Nautilus file manager for your daily file management then this plug-in is a must have for you. Though it is not easy to install on Ubuntu 13.04 but still its worth the effort.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://mylinuxbook.com/nautilus-gksu/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://mylinuxbook.com/sudo-vs-su-in-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[2]:http://askubuntu.com/questions/314267/how-can-i-install-nautilus-gksu
|
||||
[3]:http://s5407.socode.info/question/5152c20be8432c04268cee15
|
||||
[4]:http://askubuntu.com/questions/78116/where-is-the-open-as-administrator-option-in-nautilus-gone
|
||||
[5]:http://ubuntu.mirror.cambrium.nl/ubuntu//pool/main/g/gksu/nautilus-gksu_2.0.2-5ubuntu2_amd64.deb
|
||||
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Quick-n-easy command-line tips
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Most weeks I get questions from people asking for quick bits of advice. Sometimes a person is looking for a helpful guide or a specific command or a command-line short-cut to performing a specific task. Here are three tasks people have approached me with recently and some easy ways to accomplish those tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
The first scenario we will look at is copying all of the files in a directory tree that have been modified in the past month from their current location to another directory. The exact solution in this case may depend on whether you want to maintain the structure of the directory tree or if you are dumping all of the files from one directory tree into a specific place. If we are dumping all of our files into one folder, perhaps for archiving purposes, then we might use the find command. Using find we can search for files based on when they were last modified and then copy the files we locate to a specific place. Such a command might look like this:
|
||||
|
||||
find Documents -mtime -30 -exec cp "{}" Backup \;
|
||||
|
||||
The above command locates files stored in the Documents folder that have been modified in the past 30 days. These files are then copied into another directory, called Backup. The find command performs the copy procedure using the copy (cp) command. We can search for files which have been modified more or less recently by changing the mtime parameter, which is set to the past 30 days in the above example.
|
||||
|
||||
More often, we will want to preserve the structure of the source and destination directories. Quite often people wish to synchronize the contents of one directory with another and run a script to keep the two directories in step with each other. For cases such as these we will probably want to use the rsync command. This utility copies new files, and files which have been modified, from one directory to another while maintaining the layout of the original directory:
|
||||
|
||||
rsync -a Documents/ Backup
|
||||
|
||||
The above example makes sure the files existing in Documents also exist in the Backup directory without copying any files unnecessarily.
|
||||
|
||||
A common task we may wish to perform is to locate a word in a text file and replace all instances of that word with another word. As an example, imagine I have a document in which I've referred to a person as "Becky", but I've decided it would be better to use the more formal sounding "Rebecca". The following command would be useful for making this simple correction throughout the file:
|
||||
|
||||
perl -pi -e 's/Becky/Rebecca/' mydocument.txt
|
||||
|
||||
This miniature Perl script executes a search for all instances of the text "Becky" in our document and changes the text to read "Rebecca". The text to be changed is read from (and saved back to) the mydocument.txt file.
|
||||
|
||||
One common concern is what to do with sensitive data on a hard drive prior to the drive being given to another person or thrown away. Some of us keep banking or tax information on our computers and it is good to be able to destroy that data before the drive is handed off to someone else. There are a few ways to do this and there are several tools available. One of my personal favourites, as it works on individual files as well as full devices, is the shred command. To overwrite the contents of a file we can run shred as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
shred mytaxes.odt
|
||||
|
||||
The above example removes the contents of the file, but does not delete the file itself from our hard drive. To also erase the file after the data has been destroyed we can run:
|
||||
|
||||
shred -u mytaxes.odt
|
||||
|
||||
It is important to note shred does not always work on all file systems, especially newer file systems which feature journal support. The shred manual page includes notes on which file system may not work well with the shred command. When dealing with sensitive information it may be best to erase the entire drive. The shred command can do this too. The following example removes all of our data from the first hard drive attached to the computer. Use this with extreme caution:
|
||||
|
||||
shred /dev/sda
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20130923
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Red Hat: Big bucks, big Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
*Summary: Red Hat's second quarter was another roaring success no matter by any standard.*
|
||||
|
||||
Who says you can't make money from Linux? Not [Red Hat][1]!
|
||||
|
||||
In its 2013 second quarter, Red Hat saw total revenue for the quarter of $374 million. That was an increase of 16 percent in US dollars from 2012's second quarter. Subscription revenue for the quarter was $327 million, up 17 percent in U.S. dollars year-over-year.
|
||||
|
||||
“We are a market leader for new innovations based on open source technologies that are driving the transformation of the data center toward an open, hybrid cloud infrastructure. ” stated Jim Whitehurst, Red Hat's President and CEO during the earnings conference call.
|
||||
|
||||
Besides its flagship product [Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)][2], Whitehurst also cited Red Hat's recent introduction of its infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) cloud, RHEL OpenStack Platform as leading to a still brighter future.
|
||||
|
||||
Whitehurst added that "The combination of OpenStack with our platform-as-a-service (PaaS), open software-defined storage and cloud management solutions create a compelling road map for our customers in the move to cloud computing.”
|
||||
|
||||
Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) operating income for Red Hat's second quarter was $56 million, up 11 percent year-over-year. After adjusting for stock compensation, amortization of intangible assets and facility exit expenses, non-GAAP operating income for the second quarter was $94 million, up 19 percent year-over-year. For the second quarter, GAAP operating margin was 14.8 percent and non-GAAP operating margin was 25.2 percent.
|
||||
|
||||
Net income for the quarter was $41 million, or $0.21 per diluted share, compared with $35 million, or $0.18 per diluted share, in the year ago quarter. After adjusting for stock compensation, amortization of intangible assets and facility exit expenses, non-GAAP net income for the quarter was $68 million, or $0.35 per diluted share, as compared to $55 million, or $0.28 per diluted share, in the year ago quarter.
|
||||
|
||||
This meant that [Red Hat's earnings per share (EPS) of 0.35 was two cents higher than analyst estimates][3].
|
||||
|
||||
“We delivered mid-to-high teens growth across several financial metrics including revenue, non-GAAP operating income and operating cash flow,” stated Charlie Peters, Red Hat's Executive Vice President and CFO in a statement. “These results were driven in particular by strong subscription revenue growth, which was up 17 percent in US dollars."
|
||||
|
||||
The bottom line is that Red Hat is doing very well indeed.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.zdnet.com/red-hat-big-bucks-big-linux-7000021061/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.redhat.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.redhat.com/products/enterprise-linux
|
||||
[3]:http://www.streetinsider.com/Earnings/Red+Hat,+Inc.+(RHT)+Tops+Q2+EPS+by+2c/8712705.html
|
||||
@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
|
||||
SchoolTool: An Advanced School Management And Information System
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[**SchoolTool**][1] is an Open Source, free, web based student information system designed for schools around the world. It is developed and distributed by [Shuttleworth][2] foundation with strong support for translation, localization and automated deployment and updates via the **Ubuntu Linux installer** and **package management system**.
|
||||
|
||||
SchoolTool is licensed under GPL2 and written in **Python** using the **Zope 3** framework. The main goals of this project are to create a simple turnkey student management and information system, including demographics, gradebook, attendance, calendaring and reporting for primary and secondary schools.
|
||||
|
||||
**Features**
|
||||
|
||||
- Customizable student and teacher demographics and other personal data
|
||||
- Contact management for teachers, students, and their guardians
|
||||
- Teacher gradebooks
|
||||
- Schoolwide assessment data collection and report card generation
|
||||
- Class attendance and daily participation grades
|
||||
- Calendars for the school, groups, individuals, and resource booking
|
||||
- Tracking and management of student interventions
|
||||
|
||||
**Install SchoolTool**
|
||||
|
||||
The core development team of SchoolTool strongly suggests and recommends to install it on Ubuntu 12.04 or later. Since they have created packages for multiple operating systems, the core development team doesn’t support them.
|
||||
|
||||
SchoolTool is found in the official repositories, so we can install it with command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install schooltool
|
||||
|
||||
However, SchoolTool has a PPA to get the newer releases and development releases.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:schooltool-owners/ppa
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:schooltool-owners/dev
|
||||
|
||||
Update the sources list using command:
|
||||
|
||||
And finally install SchoolTool using command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install schooltool
|
||||
|
||||
**Access SchoolTool**
|
||||
|
||||
Open up your browser and type **http://localhost:7080/** in the address bar. If you want to open it from a remote client, edit file **/etc/schooltool/standard/paste.ini**,
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo nano /etc/schooltool/standard/paste.ini
|
||||
|
||||
Set the host value as 0.0.0.0 as shown below.
|
||||
|
||||
host = 0.0.0.0
|
||||
|
||||
Save and close the file. Restart schooltool service.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service schooltool restart
|
||||
|
||||
Now you can access the SchoolTool web console using URL **http://ip-address:7080** from your browser. You will see a blank calender screen like below.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Your School » Today*
|
||||
|
||||
**Initial Configuration**
|
||||
|
||||
**Change Management password:**
|
||||
|
||||
The default SchoolTool administrative user is “**manager**” and password is “**schooltool**”. Login using the above credentials.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Log In*
|
||||
|
||||
Go to the **Home** button on the upper side. Click on the **Password** under the **Settings** section. Enter the old and new password twice and click Apply.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*SchoolTool Administrator » Password*
|
||||
|
||||
**Server Settings:**
|
||||
|
||||
Login to the manager account. In the Server section, you will find the details of your SchoolTool server.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Server*
|
||||
|
||||
**Setup Outgoing Mail**
|
||||
|
||||
SchoolTool doesn’t act a email server like Sendmail or Postfix. It will send mails like email clients such as Thunderbird, Evolution.
|
||||
|
||||
To enable mail function in SchoolTool, login to manager account and goto Server tab. Click on the **Outgoing Email** link. After that, Click on the yellow colored pencil icon to change the email settings. Fill up the smtp, Email and password details and click apply.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Server » Outgoing Email Settings*
|
||||
|
||||
To verify the mail settings, click on Send Test Email under Actions menu and enter the test mail contents.
|
||||
|
||||
**Setup Calendar**
|
||||
|
||||
It is important to setup the calendar as per your Regional location. To do that, click on the **Calendar** tab on the Server section. Select your Time zone, for me it’s **Asia/Kolkatta**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Server » Calendar Settings*
|
||||
|
||||
Go to the rest of the links such as Errors, Tabs and Pack Database. Mos of them are self-explanatory. Read and change the settings as per your needs.
|
||||
|
||||
**Setup School**
|
||||
|
||||
Here we’ve come to the brief and biggest part that needs more time and attention to get things done. We can’t cover all the things in one article. So i recommend you to visit the official [documentation page][3] of the SchoolTool, go through the sections one by one and setup your school accordingly. It will take some hours or even days to setup the whole school setup. Don’t be afraid, it is not that a difficult task. SchoolTool team has a well prepared self-helf documentation with screenshots in their website. You don’t have to go anywhere to learn SchoolTool. Learn from the SchoolTool documentation page and do it yourself.
|
||||
|
||||
**References:**
|
||||
|
||||
- [SchoolTool Website][4]
|
||||
- [Wikipedia][5]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/schooltool-advanced-school-management-information-system/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://schooltool.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://book.schooltool.org/setup-toc.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.schooltool.org/
|
||||
[5]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SchoolTool
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
|
||||
Travel support applications to attend openSUSE Summit opened!
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
We are happy to announce the Travel Team is ready to receive applications for sponsorships to attend to [openSUSE Summit][1] 2013.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*openSUSE Summit 2013 logo*
|
||||
|
||||
This year openSUSE Summit will be held in the beautiful Florida, November 15 to 17 and the [Disney’s Coronado Springs Resort][2] will welcome all Geekos to this year’s event.
|
||||
|
||||
The openSUSE Travel Support Program provides travel sponsorships to individuals that want to attend openSUSE Summit and need financial assistance.
|
||||
|
||||
For Summit this year the TSP will work a bit differently. The TSP will make 2 calls, for the first call the deadline is October 3, 2013 and you can start sending your applications now! The results will be given before October 8, 2013.
|
||||
The second call will start on October 11, 2013 ending on October 17, 2013. The results before October 22, 2013. Important to say that the second call is for those who had applied on [CfP][3] and didn’t have answer before the first call ends. Of course, even applied and no answer yet you can send your application on the first call.
|
||||
|
||||
About the TSP you can see at [https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Travel_Support_Program][4] The instructions are detailed at [https://connect.opensuse.org/travel-support/][6]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Suitcase*
|
||||
|
||||
Important
|
||||
|
||||
* A good application with good information will be processed faster.
|
||||
* Always choose the most economical option whenever possible. People who need travel sponsorship, should look for the best price. If the Travel Committee finds a cheaper price, that will be the price in consideration.
|
||||
|
||||
In case of doubts just drop us an email travel-support@opensuse.org
|
||||
|
||||
Do not forget… The [Call for Participation][7] still opened so hurry up!
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.opensuse.org/2013/09/27/travel-support-applications-to-attend-opensuse-summit-opened/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://summit.opensuse.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://summit.opensuse.org/#location
|
||||
[3]:http://summit.opensuse.org/#cfp
|
||||
[4]:https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Travel_Support_Program
|
||||
[5]:https://connect.opensuse.org/travel-support/
|
||||
[6]:http://summit.opensuse.org/#cfp
|
||||
38
translated/Choosing a Journaling File System.md
Normal file
38
translated/Choosing a Journaling File System.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
选择一个日志文件系统
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
通俗的说,一台计算机的文件系统就是是如何让一个存储设备作为一个磁盘驱动能够存储,检索,还有管理文件.文件系统需要跟踪的不仅是位文件本身和它们放置在存储设备上的位置,还有文件的存储信息.文件系统也存储每个文件的名字,把握如何在层次结构中组织文件,还有保持文件的元数据,比如文件的修改时间.
|
||||
|
||||
虽然有非常多得文件系统能够在linux上使用,但是大多数用户对文件系统的使用却很少留意.它们通常是被遗忘的朋友.选择使用什么样的文件系统根据情况来决定; 要考虑的相关因素包括兼容性,性能,还原能力,使用的介质,存储介质的大小和数量,特性,还有安全考虑.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
日志文件系统是一种特殊类型的文件系统,它持续追踪文件,被称为日志.日志提供系统因异常终止时可能会出现不一致情况的修复.它通过追踪之前提交到主文件系统的更改.在计算机非正常关机的情况下,任何数据丢失都可被重建.因此,这种文件系统不太可能遭受破坏,并且带来了文件在线快速恢复.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
为了提供一个在质量上有保证的可以使用的日志文件系统,我们已经编制出了一个最佳选择的列表.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在，让我们讨论一下手边的日志文件系统。我们为每一个标题编制了自己的门户页面，其中提供一个完整的描述，深入分析其特点，并且加上相关资源的链接和评论.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- [ext3][1] 许多流行的Linux发行版默认的文件系统
|
||||
- [XFS][2] 为高性能和大文件设计的文件系统
|
||||
- [Btrfs][3] 校检复制写文件系统
|
||||
- [ext4][4] 由ext3增加许多显著特性和扩展进化而来的文件系统
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20130927180305497/JournalingFileSystems.html
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[flsf][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[flsf]:http://linux.cn/space/flsf01
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/sct/ext3/
|
||||
[2]:http://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/
|
||||
[3]:http://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/
|
||||
[4]:https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
|
||||
Embedded Terminal（嵌入式的终端） -- 一个Gedit插件由编辑器内部访问命令行终端
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
有时候在Linux上使用基于GUI的程序，你必须在程序窗口和命令行窗口之间切换。这会消耗一些时间。一个终端窗口嵌入到程序窗口内部对这个问题是个很好的解决方案。我不确信在其他程序上起作用，但是，如果你寻找gedit这样一个解决方案，那么这有一个插件-- **Embedded Terminal** -- 能让你从gedit窗口内部访问命令行终端。
|
||||
|
||||
**Gedit Embedded Terminal 插件**
|
||||
|
||||
**NOTE** -- 这篇文章中UBUntu 13.04适用于所有例子。
|
||||
|
||||
**简短教程**
|
||||
|
||||
一旦这个插件安装好，它使得用户非常容易编辑文件和同时访问命令行。
|
||||
|
||||
这是插件启用后的gedit窗口截图：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
所以，你可以看到在gedit窗口内部命令行操作与编辑文本文件相处融洽。
|
||||
|
||||
**下载/安装**
|
||||
|
||||
下一步需要正确的在gedit下载安装配置embedded terminal插件。
|
||||
|
||||
**步骤1**
|
||||
|
||||
通过命令安装gedit插件：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install gedit-plugins
|
||||
|
||||
**步骤2**
|
||||
|
||||
现在，在gedit窗口里，转到Edit（编辑）-->Preferences（首选项）-->Plugins（插件）并且启动Embedded Terminal插件。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**步骤3**
|
||||
|
||||
在gedit窗口中点击View（视图）-->Bottom Panel（底部面板）
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你将在gedit窗口的底部面板看到一个嵌入式终端呈现出来、
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
唯一的问题是色调搭配不是很好，也就是，白色命令风格在淡灰色背景下使得它几乎不能去工作。接下来的步骤去改变色调搭配。
|
||||
|
||||
**步骤4**
|
||||
|
||||
打开dconf-editor，如果没有安装，通过命令来安装它：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install dconf-tools
|
||||
|
||||
安装后，用下面命令来执行：
|
||||
|
||||
dconf-editor
|
||||
|
||||
在dconf editor窗口中，转到org-->gnome-->gedit-->plugins-->terminal并且取消选定use-theme-colors选项。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**步骤5**
|
||||
|
||||
重启gedit
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
注意到，已经激活黑色命令风格色系超过淡色背景。
|
||||
|
||||
**优点**
|
||||
|
||||
- 从gedit窗口内部轻松访问终端
|
||||
- 作为一个插件，它能节约任何时间
|
||||
|
||||
**缺点**
|
||||
|
||||
- 在初始化配置里色调搭配问题是个主要障碍
|
||||
|
||||
**总结**
|
||||
|
||||
无论你怎样努力尝试，在Linux中工作难以避开命令行。所以，当你使用多了，它总是在程序窗口有好处的一个嵌入式终端。这个gedit插件是个不错的小工具，它能帮你在任何时间保存。尝试它，它值得你安装。
|
||||
|
||||
via: <http://mylinuxbook.com/embedded-terminal-a-gedit-plugin/>
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vito][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Vito]:http://linux.cn/space/Vito
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Linux Defenders怎样先发制人阻止恶意的软件专利被批准
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
这个小组识别危险的专利并且试着还原它们的本来面目。
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
尽管专利巨头们发起的与日俱增的诉讼影响到了开源软件，但还有一线希望。2011年9月注册成立的America Invents Act 提供了新的途径来阻止那些将来可能引起诉讼的过于宽泛的软件专利。
|
||||
|
||||
今天的 LinuxCon 上的一个会议上，[Linux Defenders][1] 的负责人 Andrea Casillas 解释了这个组织怎样利用新法律赋予的权利去和专利申请做斗争。Open Invention Network 的一个项目 Software Freedom Law Center 和 Linux 基金会以及 Linux Defenders 检查了每周公布的6000项专利，尝试着去甄别那些 Linux 和 开源软件潜在的威胁。然后它们寻找能使至少一部分专利申请站不住脚的先例。
|
||||
|
||||
下一步就是协同 Linux 技术专家编纂防御性公共出版物，虽然它们不是专利，但它们描述了某一发明并把它放入公开的档案以阻止新的包括该技术的专利的批准。
|
||||
|
||||
“我们将和作者或发明者或者开发者一起小心谨慎地编辑它们，密切合作使那些出版物更有效。” Casillas 说。他一直主张 Linux 社区帮助这个小组发现危险的专利和寻找先例。
|
||||
|
||||
防御性公共出版物是旧的策略，但它将会因为 America Ivents Act 而越来越接近公众的生活。Casillas 解释说：“这是审查人员第一次欢迎公众的互动。任何个人都可以免费递交电子版的关于先例的申请。”
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Defenders 已经编纂好了与来自 Microsoft，Apple和其它公司的专利申请有关的防御性公共出版物。概括来说，Casillas 说防御性公共出版物不是要去迫使某家公司放弃某一专利，而是要迫使某家公司缩小它们申请的专利包括的范围。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
当被问起 Linux Defenders 能否为因为它们的工作而被限制的专利申请的案例命名，Casillas 和她的同事们说他们仍然在寻找评估它的有效性的方法。{>_<反正我是不知道原文在说什么}在6到9个月里，他们希望找到一个工具来能跟踪记录专利研究者们在复审中使用防御性公共出版物的情况。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Denfenders 同时也把矛头指向已经通过的专利。但 Casillas 提醒说要推倒已经批准的专利的法律标准非常高。
|
||||
|
||||
**专利诉讼“能让 Red Hat 走得更远”**
|
||||
|
||||
昨天 LinuxCon 上一个单独的会议上，Red Hat 的 Fedora 项目经理 Tom Callaway 讨论了开源的法律威胁。
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat 批评了专利并且采取很多措施[保护它和它的用户远离专利困扰][2]。Callaway 说那些威胁不可理喻。“我不是说大话，Red Hat 在我们开源产业里不是一个小公司，我们可能是最大的。一个关键专利诉讼的失利可以让 Red Hat 在这行干不下去。这就是专利的重要性，也足见在业界它是多么让人闻风丧胆。”
|
||||
|
||||
当然，Red Hat 不会被扫地出门的。它有一个保护自己及用户的在法庭上对抗专利限制的非常好的跟踪记录。它保护着用户远离诉讼并把它当做软件售后服务来做，并且它已经控制了一系列防御用的专利。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
尽管付费的 RHEL 会员资格给了用户额外的保护，Red Hat 也正在保证 Fedora ——它是免费的——远离法律纠纷。它是这么做的：分析所有代码，确保每段代码都使用合适的许可，有时移除或重写有嫌疑的代码。这会导致软件产生负面的结果。“我们在 Fedora 中遇到了很多问题。专利使我们不能按照我们所想要的方式去做事。”Callaway 这么说。
|
||||
|
||||
在最近的与 Rackspace 和 Red Hat 有关的案子里，一个叫做 Uniloc 公司想要从 Rackspace 处获得费用，因为后者使用了 Red Hat 的基于 Linux 的服务器。Uniloc 的案子以其败诉告终。判决说它的专利声明无效，因为它描述了一个相关的简单的数学操作。
|
||||
|
||||
但是应对这些诉讼很费钱。甚至 Red Hat 有时付专利费避免打官司。
|
||||
|
||||
Callaway 在过分宽泛的专利面前流露出了挫败感。某些专利是“如此的模糊以至于它们可以指任何东西，”他说，“它们可以被应用到几乎任何地方，并且专利持有者打赌认定你不会去计较。”
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**帮助专利审查人员识别恶意专利**
|
||||
|
||||
那些过分宽泛的专利，正是 Linux Defenders 想要去阻止的。模糊的专利经常被某种程度地允许因为专利审查人员用在每个申请上的时间不会超过20小时。Casillas这样告诉我们。
|
||||
|
||||
总的时间是“相当难以置信，考虑到这个过程要多久还有这个专利的发布有多种要。”他说。那20小时“包括了浏览申请，确定它按格式编辑，你的基本合法需求。但这段时间决定着这个发明的前景。”
|
||||
|
||||
专利审查人员用7到8个小时搜索先例，不论是专利形式的还是其它公共可及的技术描述，她说。
|
||||
|
||||
通过提交防御性公共出版物，提取标签以使专利审查人员更容易找到，Linux Defenders 希望使USPTO更加有效。
|
||||
|
||||
“我们不是要增加他们的工作负担，”Casillas 说，“我们是要用有关的出版物帮助他们。”
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/09/how-linux-defenders-attack-software-patents-before-theyre-approved/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[boredivan][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[boredivan]:http://linux.cn/space/boredivan
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxdefenders.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/050511-red-hat-ceo-patents.html
|
||||
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Linux有后门？看Linus Torvalds在LinuxCon大会上怎么说
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
**LinuxCon大会**是北美每年一度的Linux盛事，这里集合了开发者、系统管理员、架构师以及各个水平的技术天才，他们关注教育、合作，商讨问题的解决之道，只为了能让Linux发展的更好。
|
||||
|
||||
**都哪些人参加？**
|
||||
|
||||
- **开发人员** —— 软件开发、程序员、核心维护以及Linux方面的IT专家
|
||||
- **运维人员** —— IT运维专家、系统管理员以及首席架构师
|
||||
- **商界&法律界人士** —— 企业末端用户，公司高管和法律顾问
|
||||
- 另外还有学生、媒体、分析师和对Linux生态系统感兴趣的其他相关行业的专家
|
||||
|
||||
今年的LinuxCon大会于9月19日星期四在新奥尔良举办，Linux内核之父**Linus Torvalds** 也出席了本次大会，他还作为Linux内核开发座谈小组的一员，回答了大量有关Linux发展的问题。座谈小组另外三人为**Tejun Heo、Sarah Sharp和Greg Kroah-HartMan**。座谈会由Ric Wheeler主持，他是红帽负责内核文件与储备团队的高级经理。
|
||||
|
||||
Ric给座谈小组提出了很多问题，其中一个问题是，是否有政府的代理商曾要求在Linux中植入后门。重点来了！这个问题在讨论开始后的第25分钟被提出来，当时问题一出，整个会场完全安静。我去！什么情况？同志们都不吭声是几个意思？这还不是高潮。
|
||||
|
||||
突然间，人们听见了一声低沉悠长而又有力的‘NO’。不是别人，正是Linus Torvald本人的回答。他微笑着回答了这个所有Linux用户都关心的问题。紧接着，Linus却意味深长表情严肃地又说了一个‘no’。这第二个no是啥意思？到底代表‘no’还是代表‘yes’？亲爱的读者们，你们认为NSA会在Linux里植入后门么？虽然我不这么认为，但是我还是想知道各位读者的意见，请在评论中告诉我。另外，分享本文给其他Linux用户之余，请不要忘了看看下面的的视频，有时仅靠文字并不代表你能看清一切。（作为一个负责任的译者，视频我看了，真相就在Linus的表情动作上！）
|
||||
|
||||
**视频地址：**(译者注，youtube视频，需要翻墙)
|
||||
|
||||
- [LinuxCon & CloudOpen North America 2013 – Linux 内核讨论小组][1] (关于后门的问题在24分15秒)
|
||||
|
||||
大会官网：
|
||||
- [http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/linuxcon-north-america][2]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/linus-torvalds-talks-backdoor-linuxcon/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Mr小眼儿]:http://linux.cn/space/14801
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84Sx0E13gAo&noredirect=1
|
||||
[2]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/linuxcon-north-america
|
||||
@@ -1,63 +1,63 @@
|
||||
Linux下NTFS分区的修复和恢复
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
我们不止一次的发现自己在帮助我们的朋友、家人、熟人、商业伙伴或者其他杂七杂八的人摆脱使用Windows的时候遇到的困境，这并不值得羡慕。尽管我们不像他们一样有着特定的日常挑战，但我们却经常发现自己是那个在他们有难的时候走向他们的人。可能我们自己的Windows分区/驱动器出现了问题（毕竟，有时候我们还是需要玩儿会儿游戏，而且，尽管Steam在努力，但Linux还不是游戏玩家的梦想之地），但愿不会如此。下面让我们看一两个我们可能会遇到的状况，那时我们可以用手边的Linux环境和一些NTFS分区恢复工具来修复它们。
|
||||
我们时不时需要帮助我们的朋友、家人、熟人、商业伙伴或者其他杂七杂八的人摆脱使用Windows的时候遇到的困境。尽管我们不像他们一样日常遇到各种问题，却经常是在他们有难的时候会求助的人。此外,甚至我们自己的Windows分区/驱动器也会出现问题（毕竟，有时候我们还是需要玩儿会儿游戏，而且，尽管Steam在努力，但Linux还不是游戏玩家的梦想之地），但愿不会如此。下面让我们看一两个我们可能会遇到的状况，那时我们可以用手边的Linux环境和一些NTFS分区恢复工具来修复它们。
|
||||
|
||||
**只需修复**
|
||||
**简单修复**
|
||||
|
||||
Windows 系统通常是能很好的处理异常的“硬重启”（断电，关闭插线板的电源)。事实上，至今为止，最有效的修复Windows桌面问题的方法就是简单的重启系统。但是，Windows分区偶尔会显示系统需要进行驱动器一致性检测。如果几次重启之后仍不这么做的话，可能会引起系统文件污染而使系统变得更糟。众所周知，Windows文件系统检查超级慢，而且经常不得不做好几次才能清理掉“脏”标志。
|
||||
Windows 系统通常是能很好的处理异常的“硬重启”（断电，关闭插线板的电源，或家里的小人儿手指随意按导致关机)。事实上，至今为止，最有效的修复Windows桌面问题的方法就是简单的重启系统。但是，Windows分区偶尔会显示系统需要进行驱动器一致性检测。如果几次重启之后仍不这么做的话，可能会引起文件系统状况恶化而使系统变得更糟。众所周知，Windows文件系统检查超级慢，而且经常不得不做好几次才能清理掉文件系统的“脏”标志。
|
||||
|
||||
下面介绍一个叫‘ntfsfix’的小工具，在基于Debian的系统（即，Ubuntu）可以通过下面的命令下载：
|
||||
下面介绍一个叫‘ntfsfix’的小工具，在基于Debian的系统（如 Ubuntu）可以通过下面的命令下载：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ntfsfix
|
||||
|
||||
或者在基于RPM的系统（即，Red Hat，CentOS）中通过下面的命令下载:
|
||||
或者在基于RPM的系统（如 Red Hat 或 CentOS）中通过下面的命令下载:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo yum install ntfsfix
|
||||
|
||||
这个‘ntfsfix’工具能快速的修复常见的错误和NTFS分区不一致的问题。最常用的命令不用带任何参数。 它也可以报出来那些没有修复掉的项，然后我们能根据报出来的地址，通过传递以下选项来修复它们：
|
||||
这个‘ntfsfix’工具能快速的修复常见的错误以及NTFS分区不一致的问题。最常用的命令不用带任何参数。 它也可以报出来那些没有修复掉的项，然后我们能通过以下选项来修复它们：
|
||||
|
||||
- -b: 清除磁盘上的坏的扇区 (可以在从一个旧磁盘往新的磁盘上克隆之后使用)
|
||||
- -d: 清除“脏”标志, 其最常见的原因是是Linux不能挂载一个Windows分区， 通常发生在Windows在断电前没有完全关机。
|
||||
- -n: 除了在标准输出上显示它所完成的(换句话说，就是需要修复的那些)之外不做任何事。
|
||||
- -d: 清除“脏”标志。“脏”标志是Linux不能挂载一个Windows分区的最常见的原因，通常发生在Windows断电前没有正常关机的情况。
|
||||
- -n: 除了在标准输出上显示它要完成的(换句话说，就是需要修复哪些)之外不做任何事。
|
||||
|
||||
我过去常为了避免Windows启动的时候花几个小时去做检测，去用NTFS Disk Check来重置“脏”标志，而‘ntfsfix’完成这个仅仅只需要大约三秒的时。
|
||||
过去Windows 启动前，用NTFS Disk Check来重置“脏”标志，常常要花几个小时。而‘ntfsfix’完成这个仅仅只需要大约三秒的时。
|
||||
|
||||
**深度修复**
|
||||
|
||||
不幸的是, 并非所有的问题都能被快速修复。事实上，有非常多的磁盘恢复软件（通常属于“磁盘取证”类的软件，因为是在筛选损坏磁盘的时候调查人员使用的）用来修复那些上电但不能启动或者提供文件系统访问的问题。
|
||||
不幸的是, 并非所有的问题都能被快速修复。事实上，有非常多的昂贵的磁盘恢复软件（通常属于“磁盘取证”类的软件，因为是在筛选损坏磁盘的时候调查人员使用的）用来修复那些上电但不能启动或者不能提供文件系统访问的磁盘。
|
||||
|
||||
有一个极好而且免费的工具（而且它如果在你本地电脑的话，可以成为一个完全可引导的救援CD）可以用来恢复你的Windows NTFS分区（而且，也能恢复EXT2/3/4，FAT/FAT32、exFAT、HFS和SunFS文件系统）。这个工具叫做[TestDisk][1]而且是在Debian和CentOS软件仓库中时可用的。Red Hat的软件仓库中并没有这个软件，但是安装它很容易。
|
||||
有一个极好而且免费的工具（而且它如果在你本地电脑的话，可以成为一个完全可引导的救援CD）可以用来恢复你的Windows NTFS分区（而且，也能恢复EXT2/3/4，FAT/FAT32、exFAT、HFS和SunFS文件系统）。这个工具叫做[TestDisk][1]，在Debian和CentOS 的软件仓库中可用。Red Hat的软件仓库中并没有这个软件，但是安装它很容易。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install testdisk
|
||||
|
||||
在基于Red Hat的系统（即，Red Hat，CentOS）：
|
||||
在基于 RPM 的系统（如 Red Hat 或 CentOS）：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo yum install testdisk
|
||||
|
||||
这个工具简直无与伦比。如果驱动器上电并且运转了，即使驱动器有物理损坏，这个小工具仍会奇迹般的取出来你的一些文件出来。 你可以通过一个旧式的命令“sudo testdisk /dev/sdX”来启动它，这里‘X’是你的驱动器号， 之后你会看到下面的界面：
|
||||
这个工具简直无与伦比。如果驱动器上电并且运转了，甚至当驱动器有物理损坏时，这个小工具仍会奇迹般的取出一些文件来。 你可以通过一个旧式的命令“sudo testdisk /dev/sdX”来启动它，这里‘X’是你的驱动器号， 之后你会看到下面的界面：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*TestDisk在终端中运行*
|
||||
|
||||
这个工具使用起来很简单，只需要根据菜单提示进行操作。而且它是交互式的，它会扫描你指定的某个分区，然后把重建的目录和文件显示出来，然后你可以标记然后重存到另外一磁盘或者分区里面。我已经成功地从Windows OSX和linux分区里面恢复过文件，这些分区要么因为这种或那种原因不能启动，要么害怕启动之后可能彻底完蛋，总之，这些分区用不了多久就会彻底完蛋了。
|
||||
这个工具使用起来很简单，只需要根据菜单提示进行操作，而且它是交互式的。它会扫描你指定的某个分区，然后把重建的目录和文件显示出来，然后你可以标记，并存到另外一磁盘或者分区里面。我已经成功地从Windows，OSX和linux分区里面恢复过文件，这些分区要么因为这种或那种原因不能启动，要么害怕启动之后可能彻底完蛋，总之，这些分区用不了多久就会彻底完蛋了。
|
||||
|
||||
说句实在的，你不能期望文件系统100%的恢复，尤其是你的驱动器已经有损坏了，不过至少聊胜于无吧，而且不用像去请专业人员处理那样花很多钱（实际上一分也不用花）。所以如果你的驱动器现在有问题了，那你可以用下这个工具。
|
||||
|
||||
**结语**
|
||||
**结束语**
|
||||
|
||||
当你使用Linux的时候，磁盘修复要容易得多，当然也便宜的多，要么用USB支架把连接你的有问题的磁盘，要么从一个CD里面启动，用CD里面的修复工具。本文中我们谈到的所有的都是完全可用，而且是在持续开发（更新）中。你可以在下面留言，谈一下你曾经不得不使用什么工具来恢复你磁盘的问题。
|
||||
当你使用Linux的时候，磁盘修复要容易得多，当然也便宜的多，要么用USB连接器连接有问题的磁盘，要么从一个CD里面启动，用CD里面的修复工具。本文中我们谈到的所有的都是免费使用，而且是在持续开发（更新）中。您可以在下面留言，谈一下你曾经不得不使用什么工具来从您磁盘的问题中恢复。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://blog.linuxacademy.com/linux/ntfs-partition-repair-and-recovery-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[younel0925][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
译者：[younel0925][] 校对：[jasminepeng][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[younel0925]:http://linux.cn/space/younel0925
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
[jasminepeng]:http://linux.cn/space/jasminepeng
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
|
||||
Nautilus Gksu 插件 -- 在你的右键菜单中增加“以管理员身份打开”选项
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
在过去几天，我漏掉一个用管理员身份打开文件/目录的右键菜单选项（在nautilus文件管理器中）。原因在于，每个操作都必需有root权限，我必须返回命令行终端使用sudo。这并不是说我不习惯命令行，但是我仍希望至少有可用的东西能等价于[sudo或su][1]。我四处搜索发现一个nautilus插件-- **Nautilus-Gksu** 。
|
||||
|
||||
**NOTE** -- 本文中所有的示例已经在Ubuntu 13.04上测试过。
|
||||
|
||||
**Nautilus-Gksu**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**简短教程**
|
||||
|
||||
Nautilus-Gksu插件在右键菜单中添加了一个有用的选项-- **以管理员身份打开** 。这有助于在nautilus文件管理器中处理文件和目录。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，假设你想从nautilus文件管理器中打开root目录。想当然的双击将获取一个错误信息，如：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
但是你安装nautilus gksu插件后，你需要做的是在目录上右击并选择“以管理员身份打开（open as administrator）”选项。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
一旦你点击了这个选项，你将被提示输入密码。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
只要输入密码就能做任何你想做的。
|
||||
|
||||
**下载/安装**
|
||||
|
||||
正如前面提到的，这些天我的大多数文章用Ubuntu 13.04完成，允许我坦白的讲，通过推荐的方式安装这个插件很困难。
|
||||
|
||||
这意味着该命令像：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install nautilus-gksu
|
||||
|
||||
它没有工作且获得以下错误信息：
|
||||
|
||||
Reading package lists... Done
|
||||
Building dependency tree
|
||||
Reading state information... Done
|
||||
E: Unable to locate package nautilus-gksu
|
||||
|
||||
我google了一下这个问题，发现我不是唯一遇到这个问题的，但是许多其他Ubuntu 13.04用户也面临一个[类似的问题][2]。不管怎样，我一直在寻找解决方案，直到我发现一个线索指向该[解决方案][3]。我在[AskUbuntu][4]上阅读完帖子并尝试在Ubuntu 12.04上提到的步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
这是帖子的一个截图：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
阅读完上面的帖子，我跟着以下步骤：
|
||||
|
||||
- 下载[64位插件][5]。[我的是64位系统]
|
||||
- 解压下载后的deb文件。
|
||||
- 执行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cp /home/himanshu/Downloads/nautilus-gksu_2.0.2-5ubuntu2_amd64/usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-2.0/libnautilus-gksu.so /usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-3.0/
|
||||
|
||||
在这三步里，插件安装成功。
|
||||
|
||||
**优点**
|
||||
|
||||
让你右击使用root权限轻松打开任何文件或目录。
|
||||
|
||||
**缺点**
|
||||
|
||||
在Ubuntu 13.04上安装不容易。
|
||||
|
||||
**总结**
|
||||
|
||||
如果你的工作涉及到使用Nautilus文件管理器管理你的日常文件，那么这个插件是你的首选。虽然在Ubuntu 13.04上安装它并不容易，但是它仍然值得付出努力。
|
||||
|
||||
via: <http://mylinuxbook.com/nautilus-gksu/>
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vito][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[Vito]:http://linux.cn/space/Vito
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://mylinuxbook.com/sudo-vs-su-in-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[2]:http://askubuntu.com/questions/314267/how-can-i-install-nautilus-gksu
|
||||
[3]:http://s5407.socode.info/question/5152c20be8432c04268cee15
|
||||
[4]:http://askubuntu.com/questions/78116/where-is-the-open-as-administrator-option-in-nautilus-gone
|
||||
[5]:http://ubuntu.mirror.cambrium.nl/ubuntu//pool/main/g/gksu/nautilus-gksu_2.0.2-5ubuntu2_amd64.deb
|
||||
|
||||
45
translated/Quick-n-easy command-line tips.md
Normal file
45
translated/Quick-n-easy command-line tips.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
||||
快速便捷的命令行小贴士
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
最近几周里，我总是收到人们询问一些快速零散的问题。有时候一个人是在寻找一个有帮助的建议，或者一个具体的命令，或者一个命令行捷径，以完成一个特定的任务。本篇将介绍最近人们向我提出的三个问题，以及完成这些任务的简单方法。
|
||||
|
||||
第一个场景是，我们要找到那些在过去的一个月中被改动过的文件，并将他们从当前的位置复制到另一个目录中去。在这种情况下，能否精确的解决取决于你复制文件的时候是否保持了原来的文件树结构，还是你仅仅只是把所有文件全部复制到了一个指定的地方。如果我们只是想把所有的文件保存到一个文件夹中，或许这样做是为了将这些文件归档，那么我们可以使用find这条命令。通过使用find命令，我们能够根据文件被修改的时间查找到他们的位置，然后复制他们到指定的地方。这条命令看起来是这样：
|
||||
|
||||
find Documents -mtime -30 -exec cp "{}" Backup \;
|
||||
|
||||
上面这条命令会在Documents文件夹中查找在过去30天内被修改过的文件。这些文件之后将会被复制到另一个叫Backup的目录中去。**find**命令将会通过调用**cp**命令来执行复制这一操作。通过修改**mtime**这条参数，我们可以查找到最近某个时间内被修改过的文件，在上面这个例子中它被设定为在过去的30天内。
|
||||
|
||||
更多的时候，我们会想要在把文件复制到目标文件夹后，仍然能够保留源文件夹的目录结构。很多时候，人们都希望两个文件夹的内容同步，然后他们会运行一个脚本来使他们保持一致。这种情况下，我们可能会用到**rsync**这条命令了。这个工具会把新文件、修改过的文件从一个复制到另一个目录中去，同时保持源目录的展示结构：
|
||||
|
||||
rsync -a Documents/ Backup
|
||||
|
||||
上面的例子，它会先找到哪些文件在Documents中和Backup中都存在，以便不再复制这些不必要的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
有一个我们都会做的很普遍的工作，就是在一个文本文件中找到一个单词，然后用另一个单词把这个词在文本中的所有实例都替换掉。比如，假设我有一个文档中提到一个人名叫“Becky”，但是我后来决定还是用稍微正式点的称呼“Rebecca”为好。对文件中的这个简单的改动，下面这条命令会起到作用：
|
||||
|
||||
perl -pi -e 's/Becky/Rebecca/' mydocument.txt
|
||||
|
||||
这条微型的Perl脚本会查询文档中所有“Becky”的实例，并且将之改为“Rebecca”。程序首先读取名为mydocument.txt这个要改动的文档，待修改完毕后再保存回去。
|
||||
|
||||
一个普遍关注的问题是，在一个硬盘要给别人或者被扔掉之前，需要对其中存储的敏感数据做些什么。有些人会在电脑里保存一些银行的业务数据或者税务信息，那么这些数据最好在你的硬盘被转手到别人之前被彻底清理掉。现在有一些方法和工具可以让你使用。我最喜欢的一个是**shred**这条命令，它不仅能对单一文件进行处理，同样也能对整个设备进行处理。要重写一个文件里面的内容，我们可以这样运行**shred**：
|
||||
|
||||
shred mytaxes.odt
|
||||
|
||||
上面这个例子中，它会移除文件里存的内容，但并不会把文件本身从硬盘中删除掉。如果要清除文件的内容同时删除掉这个文件，我们可以这样运行：
|
||||
|
||||
shred -u mytaxes.odt
|
||||
|
||||
需要强调的一点是，**shred**并不是在所有的文件系统中都能正常运行，尤其是那些带有日志功能的比较新的文件系统。在**shred**的操作手册中写明了哪些文件系统运行这个程序的时候会出问题。当处理敏感数据的时候，最好的方法也许是清除掉整张硬盘。**shred**同样也能办到。下面这个例子中，显示了如何移除掉我们电脑中第一块硬盘内的所有数据。使用这条命令一定要非常小心：
|
||||
|
||||
shred /dev/sda
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20130923
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID][markvv] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[译者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/译者ID
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
40
translated/Red Hat--Big bucks, big Linux.md
Normal file
40
translated/Red Hat--Big bucks, big Linux.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
|
||||
红帽：一掷千金的大Linux
|
||||
====================
|
||||
|
||||
摘要：红帽的第二季度无论以哪一个标准来衡量都是另一个巨大的成功。
|
||||
|
||||
谁说你不能从linux中赚钱？[红帽][1]！
|
||||
|
||||
在红帽的2013年第二季度，其看到该季度的总收入为3.74亿美元。这是与2012年第二季度同比增长16%.认购该季度营收为3.27亿美元，同比增长17%。
|
||||
|
||||
红帽总裁兼首席执行官Jim Whitehurst在财报会议上表示：“我们是基于开源技术新的创新的一个市场领导者，正在推动着数据中心向一个开放，混合云基础设施的改造。”
|
||||
|
||||
除了其企业产品[红帽企业linux（RHEL）][2]，Whitehurst 也列举了红帽公司近期推出的基础设施作为一个服务（laaS）云，[RHEL OpenStack][3]的平台从而领导更美好的未来。
|
||||
|
||||
怀特赫斯特说：“在移动云计算中：OpenStack的组合与我们的平台作为一种服务（PaaS），开放的软件定义的存储和云管理解决方案为我们的客户创建一个引人注目的路线。”
|
||||
|
||||
一般公认会计原则（GAAP）红帽的第二季度营业收入为5600万美元，较去年同期相比同比增长11%。股票补偿，摊销无形资产及设施出口费用调整后，第二季度的非GAAP营业收入为9400万美元，较去年同比增长19%。对于第二季度，GAAP运营利率为14.8%，非GAAP运营利润率为25.2%。
|
||||
|
||||
与去年同期相比:本季度的净收入为4100万美元或摊薄后每股0.21美元，与3500万美元或每股摊薄收益0.18美元。股票补偿，无形资产和设备退出费用摊销调整后，与去年同期相比:非公认会计准则（non-GAAP）净本季度收入为$68万，或每股摊薄收益0.35美元，较$55万，或每股摊薄收益0.28美元。
|
||||
|
||||
这意味这 [Red Hat's earnings per share (EPS) of 0.35 was two cents higher than analyst estimates][4].
|
||||
|
||||
Charlie Peters,红帽公司执行副总裁兼首席财务官在一份声明中表示，“我们提供了中到高的青少年跨越几个财务指标，包括收入，非GAAP营业收入和经营性现金流增长。 “这些结果被赶出特别是强大的收视费收入增长，这是美元增长17％。”
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.zdnet.com/red-hat-big-bucks-big-linux-7000021061/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[神之一手][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[神之一手]:http://linux.cn/space/14789
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.redhat.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.redhat.com/products/enterprise-linux
|
||||
[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/red-hat-bets-its-cloud-future-on-openstack-7000016811/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.streetinsider.com/Earnings/Red+Hat,+Inc.+(RHT)+Tops+Q2+EPS+by+2c/8712705.html
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
|
||||
rtorrent - 强大的命令行BT客户端
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
如果你因为认为torrent命令行客户端对我们很复杂从而逃避使用它.请三思.我相信一旦使用过任何一个基于命令行的BT客户端,你就会上瘾 - 你可以非常容易的在你的终端窗口启动和监控进度. 在这篇文章中,我们将会讨论一个强大的命令行BT客户端 - **rtorrent** .
|
||||
|
||||
**NOTE** - 文中展示的所有示例和指令都已经在Ubuntu 13.04中测试过.
|
||||
|
||||
## rtorrent - 命令行BT客户端 ##
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**简明教程**
|
||||
|
||||
rtorrent 是一个用来轻松下载文件的命令行BT客户端(基于ncurses). 安装这个torrent客户端之后,可以用下面命令运行它:
|
||||
|
||||
rtorrent
|
||||
|
||||
这有一个运行rtorrent后的窗口的截图:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
好吧,我同意这个主窗口看起来是有一点难看而且显示的信息有一点点混乱.不要担心,只要在你的键盘上按下enter就会有一个提示出现在窗口底部.
|
||||
|
||||
这是截图:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
留意这个出现在屏幕上的提示load.normal> .下一步仅需输入torrent文件的名字. 例如,我用这个torrent文件名 **Fedora-20-Alpha-x86_64-DVD.torrent**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
注意你只需要输入torrent文件名(如果不在当前目录的话,那就要输入完整的路径). 你可以轻松的使用bash的快捷键比如[TAB]来补全文件名和路径. 之后,再次按下enter.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在你可以看到torrent文件已经加载了,但是你需要激活它,让它开始下载.怎么做呢?首先按下向下箭头键.现在应该在之前加载文件的详细信息上显示了 \*\*stars\*\*(译者注:就是前面有个星号)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
留意在torrent文件信息开头显示的 \*\*stars\*\* . 现在,按下 Ctrl+s 开始下载.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
rtorrent现在已经开始下载当前文件了. 用 **Ctrl+d** 停止下载,再用一次 **Ctrl+d** 移除torrent,即卸载它. 用 **Ctrl+q** 离开rtorrent.
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看到尽管基于命令行,但是事实上操作rtorrent并不是很难.
|
||||
|
||||
**下载/安装**
|
||||
|
||||
一些重要的关于rtorrent的链接:
|
||||
|
||||
- 主页
|
||||
- 下载链接
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 用户可以从Ubuntu软件中心下载rtorrent. 现在使用的版本是0.9.2.
|
||||
|
||||
rtorrent 下载安装之后,你必须设置一个资源文件(配置文件) - **.rtorrent.rc** . 否则程序无法正常启动,直到这个文件放好. 下图就是我没有设置 **~/rtorrent.rc** 运行程序的结果.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看到程序显示了一个不能读取到资源文件的错误. 来设置好这个文件, 首先下载[文件模板][1] 根据需求改一改.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
注意 - 我提到了上面的链接因为它是官方下载链接. 这个文件 .rtorrent.rc 和我的有一点不同.
|
||||
|
||||
这是我的资源文件:
|
||||
|
||||
# For temporary downloaded files
|
||||
# 临时下载文件
|
||||
directory = ~/rTempDownloadFiles
|
||||
|
||||
# Directory to save and resume torrent sessions
|
||||
# 保存和恢复torrent会话的目录
|
||||
session = ~/rSession
|
||||
|
||||
# Other Tunables
|
||||
# 其它可调参数
|
||||
upload_rate = 30
|
||||
download_rate = 200
|
||||
peer_exchange = yes
|
||||
|
||||
# DHT enabled
|
||||
# 开启DHT
|
||||
dht = auto
|
||||
|
||||
# custom throttles
|
||||
# 自定义阀门(译者注:流量限制)
|
||||
throttle_up = low,10
|
||||
throttle_down = low,10
|
||||
throttle_up = med,20
|
||||
throttle_down = med,20
|
||||
|
||||
# Watch a directory for new torrents, restart torrents that have been
|
||||
# 监控目录中新的torrent, 重新启动torrent
|
||||
# copied back and stop those that have been deleted.
|
||||
# 复制并且阻止已经删除的.
|
||||
|
||||
schedule = watch_directory,0,10,load_start=~/rWatch/*.torrent
|
||||
schedule = tied_directory,10,10,start_tied=
|
||||
schedule = untied_directory,10,10,close_untied=
|
||||
|
||||
# Enable the default ratio group
|
||||
# 启用默认比率组
|
||||
ratio.enable=
|
||||
|
||||
# Change the limits, the defaults should be sufficient.
|
||||
# 改变限制,默认应该足够
|
||||
ratio.min.set=50
|
||||
ratio.max.set=150
|
||||
ratio.upload.set=20M
|
||||
|
||||
# Changing the command triggered when the ratio is reached.
|
||||
# 当比值达到,改变命令触发
|
||||
system.method.set = group.seeding.ratio.command, d.close=, d.erase=
|
||||
|
||||
# Move finished torrents to completed
|
||||
# 移走完成的torrent
|
||||
system.method.set_key = event.download.finished,rm_torrent,”execute=rm,$d.get_tied_to_file=”
|
||||
system.method.set_key = event.download.finished,move_complete,”execute=mv,-u,$d.get_base_path=,~/rFullDownloadFiles/ ;d.set_directory=~/rFullDownloadFiles/”
|
||||
|
||||
注意 - 这个资源文件引用自[这个链接][2].
|
||||
|
||||
要使用这个资源文件,不要忘记运行下面的命令(建立必要的资源文件中提到的目录):
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir /home/<your-username>/rTempDownloadFiles
|
||||
mkdir /home/<your-username>/rFullDownloadFiles
|
||||
mkdir /home/<your-username>/rSession
|
||||
mkdir /home/<your-username>/rWatch
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
用你自己的用户名替换 <your-username>.还有,确保资源文件的名字是 **.rtorrent.rc** (前面有一个点) 不要用 **rtorrent.rc**,把它保存在你的home目录(我的是/home/himashu).
|
||||
|
||||
想知道更多关于使用rtorren, 请读[用户指南][3]. 还可以在rtorrent中通过[详细教程][4].
|
||||
|
||||
**赞成**
|
||||
|
||||
- 功能丰富
|
||||
- 大量的自定义选项
|
||||
|
||||
**反对**
|
||||
|
||||
- 初始配置时需要一点精力
|
||||
- 用户可能需要一些时间来习惯
|
||||
|
||||
**结论**
|
||||
|
||||
rtorrent 是为那些想要用命令行BT客户端来代替基于GUI的客户端的用户准备的.虽然它需要为初始化配置付出一些精力并且需要一些练习来习惯,但是这些精力是值得的.尝试一下,它一定会打动你.
|
||||
|
||||
*你使用基于CLI的BT客户端?它的正反两方面意见怎么样?和我们分享你的经历.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://mylinuxbook.com/rtorrent-bit-torrent-client/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[flsf01][] 校对：[校对者ID][]
|
||||
|
||||
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
|
||||
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
|
||||
[flsf01]:http://linux.cn/space/flsf01
|
||||
[校对者ID]:http://linux.cn/space/校对者ID
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/export/1170/trunk/rtorrent/doc/rtorrent.rc
|
||||
[2]:http://ankursinha.fedorapeople.org/misc/rtorrentconf/rtorrent.rc
|
||||
[3]:http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/wiki/RTorrentUserGuide
|
||||
[4]:http://fsk141.com/rtorrent-the-complete-guide/
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user