mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2026-09-01 04:27:55 +08:00
translated
This commit is contained in:
491586629@qq.com
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
可以下种子的 5 个命令行工具
|
||||
在终端上访问网站和下载文件
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Linux 命令行工具很牛逼，Linux 命令行以及一些第三方应用让 Linux 变得更牛逼。Linux 命令行工具可以用于下载种子，可以上网冲浪。
|
||||
Linux 命令行工具很牛逼，Linux 命令行以及一些第三方应用让 Linux 变得更牛逼。Linux 命令行工具可以用于下载种子和文件，可以上网冲浪。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ W3m 也是大多数发行版的默认配置，也可通过 **apt** 或 **yum**
|
||||
|
||||
#### Elinks的基本用法 ####
|
||||
|
||||
# elinks www.tecmint.com
|
||||
elinks www.tecmint.com
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ W3m 也是大多数发行版的默认配置，也可通过 **apt** 或 **yum**
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/command-line-tools-for-downloading-file-and-browsing-websites/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
|
||||
从 XP 迁移到 Linux 的入门指南
|
||||
=================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Microsoft 已经不再支持 Windows XP 了。大多数人也许并不关心这事儿，但对于知道使用服务终止的软件会有麻烦的你来说，做点儿改变的时候到了。你可以安装同样落伍的 Windows 7，或者安装没人喜欢的 Windows 8。或者，你可以从风格众多的 Linux 中选择一款来安装，化身成为 Linux 用户这个精英团体的一员。
|
||||
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ Linux 目前有数百个发行版，[Distrowatch][2] 按流行度顺序列出了
|
||||
|
||||
译自: http://www.linuxfederation.com/beginners-guide-xp-users-switch-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[sailing](https://github.com/blueabysm) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[sailing](https://github.com/blueabysm) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
||||
日常Ubuntu小技巧 – HPLIP 3.14.3发布 – 在Ubuntu中升级
|
||||
Ubuntu每日小技巧 – HPLIP 3.14.3发布 – 在Ubuntu中升级
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
HP Linux成像和打印（HPLIP）是由惠普赞助提供全功能的HP打印机驱动程序的Linux社区的开放源代码包。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ HP Linux成像和打印（HPLIP）是由惠普赞助提供全功能的HP打印
|
||||
|
||||
这个版本，3.14.3增加了对更多打印机的支持，包括HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 4640 e-All-in-One Printer 系列，HP LaserJet Pro MFP M126nw，支持Debian 6.0.9，7.3，7.4 以及Fedora 20。
|
||||
|
||||
除了增加新的打印机和系统的支持，一些突出的问题在这个版本中也被解决。修复程序包括，HP Officejet 6100的功能定位问题，阻止第二传真队列中的互动问题，以及HP OfficeJet 7619 系列缺少No’ 6 3/4信封媒介尺寸。
|
||||
除了增加新的打印机和系统的支持，一些突出的问题在这个版本中也被解决。修复程序包括，HP Officejet 6100的功能定位问题，阻止第二传真队列中的互动问题，以及HP OfficeJet 7619 系列缺少No' 6 3/4信封媒介尺寸。
|
||||
|
||||
关于这次发布的更多信息，请查看发布页面[http://sourceforge.net/p/hplip/news/2014/03/hplip-3143-public-release-/][2]
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/02/hp-linux-imaging-and-printer-hplip-version-3
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/03/daily-ubuntu-tips-hplip-3-14-3-released-upgrade-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
|
||||
20篇最佳Linux入门教程！
|
||||
分享20篇Linux入门教程
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
需要学习Linux但是不知道怎么开始？没事，因特网充满了数不尽的资源和教程，他们可以让你一步一步地享受体验Linux的精华之旅。所有必须要做的是选择那个适合你的教程，然后开始享受！
|
||||
需要学习Linux但是不知道怎么开始？没事，因特网充满了数不尽的资源和教程，他们可以让你一步一步地享受体验Linux的精华之旅。所有必须要做的是选择那个适合你的教程，然后开始你的Linux之旅！
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. [Linux Knowledge Base and Tutorial][1] ####
|
||||
|
||||
这篇教程超越了基础知识，提供给你必要的知识来了解Linux系统。
|
||||
这篇教程不仅仅是基础知识，还提供给你了解Linux系统的必要的知识。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. [HowtoForge - Linux Howtos and Tutorials][2] ####
|
||||
|
||||
由多篇教程组成:如何转换Outlook PST 到 Thunderbird/Evolution兼容的SBD格式，如何准备一个CentOS 5.10 x86_64架构的服务器来安装ISPconfig 3 以及其他等等
|
||||
由多篇教程组成：包括如何转换Outlook PST 到 Thunderbird/Evolution兼容的SBD格式；如何准备一个CentOS 5.10 x86_64架构的服务器来安装ISPconfig 3 以及其他等等。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. [UNIX / Linux Tutorial for Beginners][3] ####
|
||||
|
||||
Unix 和linux 的新手指导教程。8个简单的教程，覆盖了UNIX/Linux的基础命令。
|
||||
Unix 和 linux 的新手指导教程。8个简单的教程，覆盖了UNIX/Linux的基础命令。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4. [Linux Shell Scripting Tutorial - A Beginner's handbook][4] ####
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Unix 和linux 的新手指导教程。8个简单的教程，覆盖了UNIX/Linux
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. [LinuxCommand.org: Learn the Linux command line. Write shell scripts][5] ####
|
||||
|
||||
为新的命令行用户设计，537页容量包含了LinuxCommand.org上实质的部分但是拥有大量的细节。除了基础的命令行使用和shell脚本，这篇文章还包含了大量编程使用的命令章节，也有很多高级主题。
|
||||
为新的命令行用户设计。它出版的《The Linux Command Line》一书多达537页，增加了大量的细节，采用CC协议，可以[从此下载][21]。除了基础的命令行使用和shell脚本，这篇文章还包含了大量编程使用的命令章节，也有很多高级主题。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6. [bash commands - Linux MAN Pages][6] ####
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Unix 和linux 的新手指导教程。8个简单的教程，覆盖了UNIX/Linux
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9. [LinuxCommand.org: Learning the shell][9] ####
|
||||
|
||||
简单得表达了，shell是一个程序，你可以使用键盘输入命令让操作系统来运行。在早些时候，它是UNIX电脑上唯一可用的用户界面。如今，除了像shell命令行的用户界面，我们有了图形用户界面。
|
||||
这篇文章是介绍shell的。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10. [The Linux Documentation Project][10] ####
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -62,11 +62,11 @@ Unix 和linux 的新手指导教程。8个简单的教程，覆盖了UNIX/Linux
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16. [Linux Newbie Guide: Shortcuts And Commands][16] ####
|
||||
|
||||
linux中，一个实用的方法，来快速使用我们最常使用的命令
|
||||
选择介绍了linux中实用的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 17. [Debian Linux Tutorial][17] ####
|
||||
|
||||
这个指导界面带你领略，安装Debian Linux操作系统，和在一个系统中建立一个最常见的网络类型的互联网和局域网服务器。
|
||||
这个指导界面带你领略，如何安装Debian Linux操作系统，和在一个系统中建立一个最常见的互联网和局域网服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 18. [YoLinux: Index of Linux Tutorials][18] ####
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ Linux教程和技术关于Linux桌面和服务器配置的信息和实例。无
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=132962
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vic020](http://www.vicyu.net) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[Vic020](http://www.vicyu.net) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -106,3 +106,4 @@ via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=132962
|
||||
[18]:http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/
|
||||
[19]:http://www.linux-tutorial.info/modules.php?name=MContent&pageid=224
|
||||
[20]:http://www.linux.org/
|
||||
[21]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxcommand/files/TLCL/13.07/TLCL-13.07.pdf/download
|
||||
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
|
||||
如何在Linux中找出IP地址冲突
|
||||
如何在Linux中发现IP地址冲突
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
你们都知道什么是IP地址，是吧？它们怎样被分配给网络上的设备来代表它们。它们通过DHCP服务器分配并且会经常改变。现在有两种IP地址。动态的一种会经常改变（几天一次），而静态的就如它的名字那样是静态的，意味着它们不会改变。有时这会引发一些冲突。当一个动态IP被分配了并且有另外一台网络设备已经拥有了相同的IP。或者在相同网络子网上有多台分配IP的DHCP服务器。如果你有连通问题并且假设它是由于IP冲突造成的，那么你可以使用一个工具称作arp-scan来扫描它们。
|
||||
你们都知道什么是IP地址，是吧？它们被分配给网络上的设备来代表它们。它们通过DHCP服务器分配并且会经常改变。现在有两种IP地址。动态的一种会经常改变（几天一次），而静态的就如它的名字那样是静态的，意味着它们不会改变。
|
||||
|
||||
有时这会引发一些冲突。当一个动态IP被分配了并且有另外一台网络设备已经拥有了相同的IP。或者在相同网络子网上有多台分配IP的DHCP服务器。如果你有连通问题并且假设它是由于IP冲突造成的，那么你可以使用一个工具称作arp-scan来扫描它们。
|
||||
|
||||
这个工具会在本地网络发送ARP（Address Resolution Protocol）(地址解析协议)包来收集地址。如果有多个MAC地址声称拥有相同的IP地址，那么这里就存在冲突。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -33,6 +35,6 @@
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/find-ip-conflicts-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
|
||||
Linux基础：分析 Ubuntu 磁盘使用情况
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
亲爱的linux极客们，
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中，我将指导你们如何在 Ubuntu 中对磁盘使用情况进行分析。为了确保系统的健康，运行的流畅，时常关心机器的硬盘，适当的运行一些分析是非常重要的，当然，运行这些分析是很容易的。为了完成分析，我们将使用一款非常棒的图形工具，名叫**Baobab**。
|
||||
|
||||
在下一步操作之前，我可以告诉你们，它的使用非常简单，功能齐全，我确定它能够满足你的需求。Baobab 是 gnome-utils 的一部分，但是自从Gnome3.4版本后，已经作为独立应用。通过使用这个磁盘分析工具，你可以轻松扫描文件夹，文件系统，不单是本地，远程目录一样可以轻松分析。
|
||||
|
||||
只需轻轻点击，便可以搞定一切！想要停止扫描？简单，在 baobab 用户界面的顶部，轻点 **Stop scanning** 按钮，完成。
|
||||
|
||||
我喜欢这个工具的简单性并且可以图形化表示数据，像饼状图和树形图。那么，现在你们在自己的机子上安装使用如何呢？
|
||||
|
||||
据我所知，ubuntu已经默认安装，如果没有，打开一个新终端（**CTRL+ALT+T**）,然后运行下列命令来安装它。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install baobab
|
||||
|
||||
安装完毕后，会分类至**应用程序, 系统工具, 磁盘分析器**，或者，直接使用下列命令，在终端中运行baobab。
|
||||
|
||||
baobab
|
||||
|
||||
下列图片显示了当它在你的机器运行时的界面。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如需扫描 Home 目录，点击 **Scan Home** 或者 Analyzer->Scan Home Folder 选项。完成扫描后，工具会做很多分析，耐心等待分析结果吧！
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
正如上图所见，baobab 扫描结果提供给我们很多信息，包括 Home 目录中每一个文件夹的使用情况、大小，以及所拥有文件数。右边有一个饼状示意图。如果你喜欢，选择上方的 **View as Treemap Chart**，你可以轻松地把它换成树状图。
|
||||
|
||||
下图显示的是，选择树状图代替默认的饼状图的界面。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如需扫描文件系统，选择 Analyzer->Scan Filesystem ,如果你懒得去点击这些，有一个简单方法，快捷键**CTRL+F**。
|
||||
|
||||
选择你喜欢的方式，两个方法都会起效并做同样的扫描。快捷键的确易用省时，但是如果不是天天用这个工具，也很难同时记住所有快捷键。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如何扫描文件夹？简单！Analyzer-> Scan A Folder -> 选择你想要扫描的文件夹，快捷键是 **CTRL+O** 。是不是非常简单？是的！看见 Scan a Folder 按钮了吗？点击它扫描就开始了！
|
||||
|
||||
下图显示了扫描完 python-nmap-0.1.4 后的结果。我用简单的方法得到了有用的信息列表。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你已经学会了如何扫描 Home 目录、文件系统和指定文件夹。有一个重要的功能，我还没有告诉你，但我确定你一定可以自己学会。是不是有远程文件夹需要扫描？好好发挥一下脑力吧！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-analyze-disk-usage-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vic___](http://www.vicyu.net) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
|
||||
Linux 和 Unix 下 nload 应用程序：实时监控网络流量和带宽使用
|
||||
在 Linux/UNIX 终端下使用 nload 实时监控网络流量和带宽使用
|
||||
=================================================================================
|
||||
如果你想在命令行界面监控网络吞吐量，nload 应用程序是个不错的选择。它是一个实时监控网络流量和带宽使用的控制台应用程序，使用两个图表可视化地展示接收和发送的流量，并提供诸如数据交换总量、最小/最大网络带宽使用量等附加信息。
|
||||
|
||||
###安装###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 CentOS/RHEL/Red Hat/Fedora Linux 上安装 nload ####
|
||||
|
||||
首先在 CentOS 或者基于 RHEL 的操作系统上[启用 EPEL 仓库][1]，然后键入 [yum 命令][2]安装 nload：
|
||||
@@ -65,6 +67,8 @@ Linux 和 Unix 下 nload 应用程序：实时监控网络流量和带宽使用
|
||||
|
||||
# make install
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如何使用 nload 显示当前网络使用量呢？
|
||||
|
||||
基本语法是：
|
||||
@@ -83,17 +87,17 @@ Linux 和 Unix 下 nload 应用程序：实时监控网络流量和带宽使用
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
图01: 使用 nload 命令
|
||||
*图01: 使用 nload 命令*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 操控 nload 应用程序 ####
|
||||
|
||||
nload 命令一旦执行就会开始监控网络设备，你可以使用下列快捷键操控 nload 应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
1. 你可以按键盘上的 ← → 或者 Enter/Tab 键在设备间切换。
|
||||
1. 按 F2 显示选项窗口。
|
||||
1. 按 F5 将当前设置保存到用户配置文件。
|
||||
1. 按 F6 从配置文件重新加载设置。
|
||||
1. 按 q 或者 Ctrl+C 退出 nload。
|
||||
2. 按 F2 显示选项窗口。
|
||||
3. 按 F5 将当前设置保存到用户配置文件。
|
||||
4. 按 F6 从配置文件重新加载设置。
|
||||
5. 按 q 或者 Ctrl+C 退出 nload。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 设置显示刷新间隔 ####
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ GIF 动画 01 - 使用 nload 命令
|
||||
|
||||
译自: http://www.cyberciti.biz/networking/nload-linux-command-to-monitor-network-traffic-bandwidth-usage/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[blueabysm](https://github.com/blueabysm) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[blueabysm](https://github.com/blueabysm) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
|
||||
邂逅uGet，一个令人惊奇的Linux下载管理器
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
功能强大下载管理器在Linux平台并不常见，不过有一些却有令人惊奇的功能，uGet就是其中之一。
|
||||
|
||||
当人们在Linux平台谈论下载管理器，他们通常觉得这些是在终端上。大多数情况下他们是对的。大多数下载管理器运行在终端上，而且做的很好，但是一些时候你还是想要一个友好的GUI。
|
||||
|
||||
[uGet][1]是非常强大的下载管理器，拥有许多功能，实际上这些功能是难以计数的。界面是由GTK+ 3构建，这意味着在多数Linux操作系统上看起来很不错。
|
||||
|
||||
它的下载队列管理功能可以恢复下载任务（如果服务器支持的话）、剪切板监控，支持HTTP/HTTPS/FTP/BitTorrent/Metalink账号、批量下载、FTP登陆、调度器、Aria2插件和我的个人收藏夹、断点续传（允许客户端多个时间连接同一台服务器并且在同一时间获取多个片段来增加速度）。
|
||||
|
||||
最妙的是，它可以轻松的集成到Firefox，Flashgot插件帮助下载，也有Chrome的专用扩展程序。
|
||||
|
||||
开发者为所有类型的Linux发行版提供了多个软件包，切记，它是完全免费的。
|
||||
|
||||
试试看吧!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Meet-uGet-an-Amazing-Download-Manager-for-Linux-430085.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://ugetdm.com/
|
||||
178
published/Play the Best Linux Puzzle Games.md
Normal file
178
published/Play the Best Linux Puzzle Games.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
|
||||
30个Linux上的益智小游戏
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
在Linux环境下有大量的免费游戏，其中还有许多是开源的，其中相当一部分非常引人注目。现在的主流游戏一般包含了全动态影像，矢量图形，3D图形，3D渲染，动画，纹理贴图，物理引擎，以及其他的技术。而早期的电脑游戏还没有使用这些图形技术，最早的电脑游戏是文字游戏或者基于文字的游戏，它们使用字符作为基本工具而不是矢量或点阵图像。
|
||||
|
||||
谚语'不要根据封面去评价一本书'可以扩展成'不要根据界面来评价一款电脑游戏'。尽管在这篇文章中提到的很多游戏都只有非常普通的界面，它们从其他方面来弥补，包括挑战性的玩法，以及锻炼脑力。
|
||||
|
||||
本文的目的是找出那些受欢迎的益智游戏，这些游戏可以促进智力，或用做日常消遣。
|
||||
|
||||
本文的重点是那些不太受关注的免费Linux游戏，而不是Steam平台的类似商业游戏。这里列出来的所有游戏都值得一玩，尽管它们大多没有像商业同类应用那样精心美化，可玩性仍然不错。
|
||||
|
||||
这个列表中所包含的游戏，需要达到以下的要求：
|
||||
|
||||
- 免费（没有下载费用，没有月度费用）
|
||||
- 不需要通过Wine来执行。Wine是一个运行Windows软件的兼容层。
|
||||
- 必须有可玩性和有趣。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，让我们来检查一下手上的30款游戏。我们为每一款游戏做了一个页面，里面有游戏截图，游戏的完整描述，游戏特性的深度分析，以及相关资源和评论的链接。
|
||||
|
||||
### 益智游戏 ###
|
||||
|
||||
### [Neverball][1] 倾斜地板来滚动一个球并通过障碍物
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Incredipede][2] 赞美世界生命的多样性
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Frozen Bubble][3] 投掷彩色泡泡搭建或销毁组合
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Enigma][4] 找到有相同颜色的Oxyd石头对
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Crack Attack!][5] 类似于Super Nintendo的经典游戏"Tetris Attack"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Puzzle Collection][6] 36个谜题，大部分是重新实现的
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Zaz][7] 简单容易上瘾的益智游戏
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Berusky][8] 基于一个古老的名叫Sokoban的益智游戏
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [gbrainy][9] 锻炼记忆，算术，逻辑能力
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Monsterz][10] Arcade益智游戏，类似于Bejeweled, Zookeeper或Zooo
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [levelHead][11] 3D空间记忆游戏
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [gjid][12] 移动箱子来通过复杂的迷宫送到回收箱里
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Bombermaaan][13] 经典Bomberman游戏的多人版本
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Angry, Drunken Dwarves][14] 类似Puzzle Fighter的好玩益智游戏
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Berusky 2][15] 挑战你的视觉/空间思维能力
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Numpty Physics][16] 受Crayon Physics启发的绘画益智游戏
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Amoebax][17] Puyo类型益智游戏
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Klest-crossword][18] 跨平台的纵横字谜游戏
|
||||
|
||||
(缺图)
|
||||
|
||||
### [Xwelltris][19] 2.5D类俄罗斯方块游戏
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [I Have No Tomatoes][20] 超级休闲时间的活动
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Cube Trains][21] 在一座城市里建造高架铁路
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Pingus][22] 类似Lemmings的游戏
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Trackballs][23] 基于OpenGL的迷宫弹珠游戏
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Brain Workshop][24] Dual n-back大脑练习
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [rezerwar][25] 给方块加入了有方向的管道的益智游戏
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Brain Party][26] 解谜，脑力训练游戏
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [JAG][27] 类似KDiamonds的2D游戏
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Atomic Worm][28] 刺激的类似贪食蛇游戏
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Pioneers][29] 基于Settlers of Catan
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [Fish Fillets NG][30] Altar Interactive平台的FIsh Fillets游戏的移植
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201084806845/PuzzleGames.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/2008051019354650/Neverball.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201101247656/Incredipede.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080510102350336/FrozenBubble.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080524072250420/Enigma.html
|
||||
[5]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080524100816516/CrackAttack%21.html
|
||||
[6]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201135434313/PuzzleCollection.html
|
||||
[7]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20101211064900466/Zaz.html
|
||||
[8]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201113353386/Berusky.html
|
||||
[9]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080525211221167/gbrainy.html
|
||||
[10]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/2009081921375955/Monsterz.html
|
||||
[11]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090815144344770/levelHead.html
|
||||
[12]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201142055360/gjid.html
|
||||
[13]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201161809886/Bombermaaan.html
|
||||
[14]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/2009081514441763/AngryDrunkenDwarves.html
|
||||
[15]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201183159376/Berusky2.html
|
||||
[16]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20101211063800755/NumptyPhysics.html
|
||||
[17]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090819213709180/Amoebax.html
|
||||
[18]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201165631283/Klest-crossword.html
|
||||
[19]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090819213733554/Xwelltris.html
|
||||
[20]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201163108930/IHaveNoTomatoes.html
|
||||
[21]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201152715356/CubeTrains.html
|
||||
[22]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080510105058649/Pingus.html
|
||||
[23]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090819212528284/Trackballs.html
|
||||
[24]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20100501151619134/BrainWorkshop.html
|
||||
[25]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20100503031223387/rezerwar.html
|
||||
[26]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20100503031206947/BrainParty.html
|
||||
[27]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20100808120210293/JAG.html
|
||||
[28]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/2010080812021597/AtomicWorm.html
|
||||
[29]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090815144506601/Pioneers.html
|
||||
[30]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080517164445969/FishFillets.html
|
||||
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
nSnake: 在Linux的终端上玩经典的贪食蛇游戏
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
你知道20世纪末的那些古老的诺基亚手机上最棒的东西是什么吗？ [贪食蛇][1] 我以前在这个看似无聊但却让人上瘾的游戏上花费了大把的时间。在古老的诺基亚手机被智能手机取代的同时，贪食蛇也被另外的无聊但却令人上瘾的游戏取代了，比如说：[神庙逃亡][2]。但是，贪食蛇本身的魅力仍在。
|
||||
你知道20世纪末的那些古老的诺基亚手机上最棒的东西是什么吗？ [贪食蛇][1]! 我以前在这个看似无聊但却让人上瘾的游戏上花费了大把的时间。在古老的诺基亚手机被智能手机取代的同时，贪食蛇也被另外的无聊但却令人上瘾的游戏取代了，比如说：[神庙逃亡][2]。但是，贪食蛇本身的魅力仍在。
|
||||
|
||||
在Android，iOS以及Web上有很多可以玩的贪食蛇游戏。另外，在Linux终端上也有类似的游戏。对，你没有听错，Linux终端上真的有。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ nSnake: 在Linux的终端上玩经典的贪食蛇游戏
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/nsnake-play-classic-snake-game-linux-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[intermerlin](https://github.com/intermerlin) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[intermerlin](https://github.com/intermerlin) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[Translating by SteveArcher]
|
||||
Are Open Source Developers Too Demanding?
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Open source invites participation, including criticism. But do developers sometimes take it too far?**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Developers can be a fickle bunch. Gifted with mountains of free, open-source code of ever-improving quality, some developers can’t help but complain that there’s not more, and even more free, software. But the problem often isn't the code itself, but poorly calibrated expectations and scanty training.
|
||||
|
||||
### What? Me Pay? ###
|
||||
|
||||
One sometimes unrealistic expectation is that software should be free. All of it.
|
||||
|
||||
So, for example, we have [one young developer berating nginx][1] for building “admittedly amazing software” but then having the audacity to charge for it.
|
||||
|
||||
No, really. Those nginx people are trying to make money by writing software that people want. Can you believe the gall?
|
||||
|
||||
Actually, his problem is more nuanced than this. Despite electing not to use Apache httpd, the Hip Young Startup blog author complains that nginx "took a feature that Apache httpd has had literally forever and put it behind a pay wall." It's unclear why he doesn't just use Apache to solve his problem, given that he also says "the performance difference between nginx and httpd in this scenario is negligible."
|
||||
|
||||
Or maybe he could fix nginx himself, given that, by his own admission, it's "trivial" to make the changes himself to get around nginx's attempts to sustain product development by charging for some features. The problem, as he acknowledges, is that he "shouldn’t have to do any of this [crap]."
|
||||
|
||||
In other words, the world (or nginx) owes this developer a living. Who knew?
|
||||
|
||||
Let's be clear: one of the ways open source succeeds is by dramatically lowering the bar to adoption. Charging money, even a negligible fee, can hinder that adoption. But getting uppity about the primary developer of an open-source project charging money for value? As programmer Brendan Loudermilk ([@bloudermilk][2]) [tells][3] the Hip Young Startup blogger, "You could always pay for and support the software that serves as a core dependency of your app."
|
||||
|
||||
Imagine that.
|
||||
|
||||
### Documentation? Of Course I Didn’t Read The Documentation! ###
|
||||
|
||||
Then there are the countless others who take to Hacker News to complain about software they often don’t understand, quite often because they haven’t bothered to read the documentation. I completely get that great software should be approachable, and great products, generally, should be somewhat self-explanatory.
|
||||
|
||||
But much of the best open-source software can be complex to run, at least, at scale. If the software isn't working for someone, it's not obvious that the software is the problem. Vlad Mihalcea, founder of the Struts open-source framework, nails this, [arguing][4] that “if there is someone to blame, it’s usually us” as much of the available open-source software tends to be high-quality code.
|
||||
|
||||
What it isn’t, he goes on to argue, is a free lunch in terms of a learning curve. Any software, whether open source or proprietary, requires some investment in learning how to be productive with it. As he notes of Hibernate and other open-source technologies, “If you want to employ them [successfully], be prepared to learn a lot. There is no other way.”
|
||||
|
||||
This won’t resonate with the hacker crowd whose first instinct is to complain when software doesn’t work the way they want, even if it wasn’t designed to do what they want it to do. But it’s true, all the same.
|
||||
|
||||
### Healthcare.gov Vs. Gov.UK ###
|
||||
|
||||
Just look at the Healthcare.gov debacle for proof. Recently NoSQL database vendor MarkLogic has been [taking bullets][5] over its alleged role in Healthcare.gov’s many technical problems. [Some have gone so far as to argue][6] that NoSQL databases, in general, are faulty because of the Healthcare.gov debacle.
|
||||
|
||||
This is stupid.
|
||||
|
||||
MarkLogic is a fine database. While not perfect, it’s silly to blame Healthcare.gov’s problems on this legacy database. Code isn’t the primary problem.
|
||||
|
||||
As [I’ve argued][7], Healthcare.gov’s problems aren’t really about code, but instead about process. For proof, look no further than Healthcare.gov’s British peer, Gov.UK, [which credits NoSQL technologies][8] as a significant reasons for its success.
|
||||
|
||||
The difference isn’t in the code the two websites used, but rather their respective approaches: Gov.UK is iterative, agile. Healthcare.gov is top-down, waterfall.
|
||||
|
||||
### A Poor Craftsman Blames Her Tools ###
|
||||
|
||||
Open source invites criticism by laying bare its strengths and weaknesses in a way proprietary software never did. Developers today have a level of accessibility to the code they use that previous generations of developers lacked, with a megaphone (the Internet) that allows them to broadcast complaints about that code.
|
||||
|
||||
But let’s not lose sight of just how blessed we are to have this code, or forget our obligation to apply it appropriately in order to be successful. In other words, read the documentation before you complain that open-source software doesn’t “work.” More often than not, it works just fine, but not for the ill-conceived purpose you have in mind.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2013/11/26/are-open-source-developers-too-demanding#awesm=~ooy2qPfuR2PvIx
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://readwrite.com/2013/11/26/%E2%80%9Chttp://www.hipyoungstartup.com/2013/11/we-should-ditch-nginx/%E2%80%9C
|
||||
[2]:https://twitter.com/bloudermilk
|
||||
[3]:http://www.hipyoungstartup.com/2013/11/we-should-ditch-nginx/#comment-17
|
||||
[4]:http://readwrite.com/2013/11/26/%E2%80%9Chttp://java.dzone.com/articles/why-i-never-blame-open-source%E2%80%9D
|
||||
[5]:http://gigaom.com/2013/11/25/how-the-use-of-a-nosql-database-played-a-role-in-the-healthcare-gov-snafu/
|
||||
[6]:http://developers.slashdot.org/story/13/11/24/1437203/nyt-healthcaregov-project-chaos-due-partly-to-unorthodox-database-choice
|
||||
[7]:http://readwrite.com/2013/11/04/sorry-open-source-isnt-the-panacea-for-healthcaregov#awesm=~oojDQ8fiVXrjGP
|
||||
[8]:http://digital.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/colophon-beta/
|
||||
@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to setup Remi repository on CentOS 5/6 and Fedora 18/19/20
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Remi repository
|
||||
|
||||
The [Remi (Les RPM de Remi) repository][1] provides the latest version of various software packages related to php and mysql for redhat based linux distros like centos, fedora and RHEL. It provides php, mysql, pecl packages, pear packages any many other open source/free php applications and libraries and many other php related packages. So its designed to assist in setting up apache+php based web servers with various kinds of open source applications. The default centos/fedora distros do no have the latest versions of these packages so repositories like Remi do the job.
|
||||
|
||||
The repository can be easily setup on CentOS/Fedora through the installer rpm which will setup the repository configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
### Setup on CentOS 5.x/6.x ###
|
||||
|
||||
The Remi installer rpm file is available for both 5.x and 6.x versions of CentOS. The urls are as follows
|
||||
|
||||
CentOS 5.x - [http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-5.rpm][2]
|
||||
CentOS 6.x - [http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm][3]
|
||||
|
||||
On CentOS The Remi repository depends on the Epel repository which must be installed along with it, for it to work. If you already have epel repository setup then execute the following command
|
||||
|
||||
$ wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
|
||||
$ rpm -Uvh remi-release-6*.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
If you do not already have Epel setup then run the following command. It will download the Epel installer file and install it along with Remi
|
||||
|
||||
$ wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
|
||||
$ wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
|
||||
$ rpm -Uvh remi-release-6*.rpm epel-release-6*.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
For CentOS 5.x
|
||||
|
||||
$ wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
|
||||
$ wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-5.rpm
|
||||
$ rpm -Uvh remi-release-5*.rpm epel-release-5*.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
Thats it. Now the remi repository should be setup on your CentOS system.
|
||||
|
||||
### Setup on Fedora 18/19 ###
|
||||
|
||||
On Fedora, Remi depends on the [Rpmfusion][4] repository. So first setup the rpmfusion repository.
|
||||
|
||||
## Remi Dependency on Fedora 19 / 18 / 17 ##
|
||||
rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm
|
||||
rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
The rpm file and configuration instructions for rpmfusion can be found here.
|
||||
|
||||
After rpmfusion is setup, move ahead to setting up Remi.
|
||||
|
||||
$ wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/remi-release-19.rpm
|
||||
$ yum install remi-release-19.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
Or directly
|
||||
|
||||
## Fedora 20 ##
|
||||
rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/remi-release-20.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
## Fedora 19 ##
|
||||
rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/remi-release-19.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
## Fedora 18 ##
|
||||
rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/remi-release-18.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
## Fedora 17 ##
|
||||
rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/remi-release-17.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
Make sure to use the correct url for your Fedora version. That should finish setting up the Remi repository on Fedora.
|
||||
|
||||
### Verify Remi ###
|
||||
|
||||
After setting up the Remi repository, its time to check if its properly done. The Remi repository is disabled by default. If you want to enable it permanently then edit the file /etc/yum.repos.d/remi.repo
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo nano /etc/yum.repos.d/remi.repo
|
||||
|
||||
> [remi]
|
||||
> name=Les RPM de remi pour Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
|
||||
> #baseurl=http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/6/remi/$basearch/
|
||||
> mirrorlist=http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/6/remi/mirror
|
||||
> enabled=0
|
||||
> gpgcheck=1
|
||||
> gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-remi
|
||||
|
||||
The very first section that starts with [remi] is the main repository. Change the value of enabled from 0 to 1 to enable it.
|
||||
|
||||
Otherwise it can be enabled via yum when needed using the enablerepo option.
|
||||
|
||||
# yum repolist --enablerepo=remi
|
||||
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
|
||||
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
|
||||
* base: virror.hanoilug.org
|
||||
* epel: mirror.unej.ac.id
|
||||
* extras: mirrors.fibo.vn
|
||||
* remi: mirror.smartmedia.net.id
|
||||
* updates: mirrors.fibo.vn
|
||||
repo id repo name status
|
||||
base CentOS-6 - Base 6,381
|
||||
epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 10,031
|
||||
extras CentOS-6 - Extras 13
|
||||
nginx nginx repo 47
|
||||
remi Les RPM de remi pour Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 1,320
|
||||
updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,555
|
||||
repolist: 19,347
|
||||
#
|
||||
|
||||
Using the enablerepo option is sufficient when needed. As can be seen, the remi repository provides around 1320 packages. There are 2 more repos, namely remi-php55 and remi-test that provide even more packages.
|
||||
|
||||
### List all packages ###
|
||||
|
||||
To list out all the packages provided by the Remi repo, use the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
# yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=remi,remi-php55,remi-test list available | less
|
||||
|
||||
### Install packages from Remi repository ###
|
||||
|
||||
To install packages from Remi repo, use the enablerepo option again
|
||||
|
||||
# yum --enablerepo=remi,remi-php55 install php
|
||||
|
||||
### Resources ###
|
||||
|
||||
Remi repository official site
|
||||
[http://rpms.famillecollet.com/][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Remi FAQ
|
||||
[http://blog.famillecollet.com/pages/English-FAQ][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Remi repository configuration instructions
|
||||
[http://blog.famillecollet.com/pages/Config-en][7]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.binarytides.com/setup-remi-repository-centos-fedora/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://rpms.famillecollet.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-5.rpm
|
||||
[3]:http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
|
||||
[4]:http://rpmfusion.org/
|
||||
[5]:http://rpms.famillecollet.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://blog.famillecollet.com/pages/English-FAQ
|
||||
[7]:http://blog.famillecollet.com/pages/Config-en
|
||||
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Linux Top 3: Shuttleworth Leaves Upstart, Arch Assaults Security and Android x86 4.4
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
#### 1) Shuttleworth on Upstart ####
|
||||
|
||||
Finding the successor to init has been an interesting debate in recent years, but it is now clear who the winner is and it's not Upstart. Last week, Debian voted in favor of systemd and now Ubuntu has followed suit.
|
||||
|
||||
> "I know the many people who work on Upstart appreciated the high praise for its code quality, rigorous testing and clarity of purpose expressed even by members who voted against it; from my perspective, it has been a pleasure to support the efforts of people who want to create truly great free software, and do it properly," Mark Shuttleworth wrote in a [blog post][1]. " Upstart has served Ubuntu extremely well – it gave us a great competitive advantage at a time when things became very dynamic in the kernel, it’s been very stable (it is after all the init used in both Ubuntu and RHEL 6 ;) and has set a high standard for Canonical-lead software quality of which I am proud."
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2) Arch Assault ####
|
||||
|
||||
A new Arch based security distribution is now surfacing, for penetration testers.
|
||||
|
||||
> "The ArchAssault Project is an Arch Linux derivative for penetration testers, security professionals and all-around Linux enthusiasts," the main [project page states][2]."We aim to give you everything you love about Arch Linux but designed around the needs and wants of security professionals."
|
||||
|
||||
Arch Assault isn't just for x86 either, there is also support for ARMv6h and ARMv7h.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3) Android x86 4.4 ####
|
||||
|
||||
While desktop type distros like Arch continue to make inroads into ARM, Android, which is essentially an ARM Linux distro is going the other way.
|
||||
|
||||
> "The 4.4-RC1 release is based on the Android 4.4.2 (KitKat-MR1 release)," the project page [states][3]. "We have fixed and added x86 specified code to let the system runs smoothly on x86 platforms, especially for netbooks or tablets. "
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxplanet.com/news/linux-top-3-shuttleworth-leaves-upstart-arch-assaults-security-and-android-x86-4-4.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1316
|
||||
[2]:https://archassault.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.android-x86.org/releases/releasenote-4-4-rc1
|
||||
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[翻译中]zsJacky
|
||||
|
||||
Linux pwd command - Know Your Current Working Directory
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Where you are inside a deep directory, sometimes you may want to know where exactly you are. With this pwd command, you can do it.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is pwd ###
|
||||
|
||||
Pwd is a command to print name of current / working directory. When we are “lost” into a deep directory, we can always reveal where we are.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to use it ###
|
||||
|
||||
Since pwd command is intended to only print name of current / working directory, pwd does not have a lot of parameter to add. To use it, you just can type :
|
||||
|
||||
$ pwd
|
||||
|
||||
And it will print where you are. For a shell like bash, sometimes this information already print after host-name. Take a look at below picture.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see above, the **/lib/udev/rules.d** is printed a hostname. When we type pwd, it will print **/lib/udev/rules.d** again. But when you are using another shell such as **csh**, pwd may help you to tell where are you. Here’s a sample of it.
|
||||
|
||||
% pwd
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Print physical directory avoid all symlinks ###
|
||||
|
||||
When you are in directory which is a symbolic links to another directory, you will find that pwd will print the alias / symbolic links to it. To print the real directory name, we can use **-P** parameter.
|
||||
|
||||
$ pwd -P
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
At the screenshot above, we are change the directory to **PlayOnLinux’s virtual drives**. This directory is located in **/home/pungki** and its a symbolic link to wineprefix directory. When we do pwd command, the shell return **/home/pungki/PlayOnLinux’s virtual drives**. But if we add **-P** parameter, the we will know that the real directory is **/home/pungki/.PlayOnLinux’s/wineprefix**
|
||||
|
||||
### Reveal which pwd ###
|
||||
|
||||
On bash shell, pwd may already built-in inside it. To know it, we can use this command :
|
||||
|
||||
$ type -a pwd
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You see that there are **two** pwd’s. When you use pwd, you may use the built-in pwd command on your shell. This pwd will override the original pwd. Here’s a sample.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
On the screenshot above, we are now inside **/home/pungki./PlayOnLinux/wineprefix**. When we use **/bin/pwd**, it will return the real name of current directory. But when we add **-L** parameter, it will return a symbolic link name of current directory.
|
||||
|
||||
This **-L** parameter output the same result if we just type pwd, which use built-in shell pwd.
|
||||
|
||||
### Print pwd version ###
|
||||
|
||||
To print pwd version, we can use **--version** parameter. But for bash shell, we need to use **/bin/pwd** instead of pwd. Otherwise, it will return an error message.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
pwd may help you to know where your current directory when your bash don’t print it directly on command prompt. As usual, you can always type **man pwd** to explore pwd usage more detail.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-pwd-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[zsJacky](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
|
||||
The Linux Foundation Delivers Complete 2014 Event Schedule
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
he Linux Foundation has changed up its mode of planning events, and has released its schedule of events for the entire year. A new video is also being launched with the announcement, which is live here: [The Linux Foundation Event Experience][1]. Here are more details on what this year's foundation events will focus on.
|
||||
|
||||
The 2014 events schedule, which includes LinuxCon and CloudOpen in North America and Europe, as well as the Linux Foundation Collaboration Summit, Embedded Linux Conference, Android Builders Summit and ApacheCon, among others. LinuxCon and CloudOpen North America will take place this year in Chicago and will be co-located with the Linux Kernel Summit. LinuxCon and CloudOpen Europe will be in Duesseldorf, Germany, along with Embedded Linux Conference, KVM Forum and Linux Plumbers Conference.
|
||||
|
||||
“Nearly every technology sector and community is eager to benefit from open, collaborative development process in some way,” said Jim Zemlin, executive director at The Linux Foundation, in a statement. “Today, industries as varied as automotive, life sciences and gaming are interested in tapping into the collective knowledge base and success of Linux and open development."
|
||||
|
||||
Here are highlights from the 2014 event schedule, including some interesting cloud computing events:
|
||||
|
||||
#### [OpenDaylight Summit][2] ####
|
||||
|
||||
February 4-5, 2014, Hyatt Santa Clara, Santa Clara, Calif.
|
||||
|
||||
A technical summit for developers and users involved in the community, projects, products, and companies in the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) space.
|
||||
|
||||
#### [Linux Storage, Filesystem and MM Summit][3] ####
|
||||
|
||||
March 24-25, 2014, The Meritage Resort, Napa Valley, Calif.
|
||||
|
||||
Invitation-only event that brings together developers and researchers who work with the Linux storage, memory management and file system stack.
|
||||
|
||||
#### [Linux Foundation Collaboration Summit][4] ####
|
||||
|
||||
March 26-28, 2014, The Meritage Resort, Napa Valley, Calif.
|
||||
|
||||
An exclusive, invitation-only summit that brings together core kernel developers, distribution maintainers, ISVs, end users, system vendors and other community organizations for sessions and workgroup meetings that help solve the most pressing issues facing Linux today.
|
||||
|
||||
#### [ApacheCon][5] ####
|
||||
|
||||
April 7-9, 2014, The Westin, Denver, Co.
|
||||
|
||||
ApacheCon is the only event dedicated to bringing together the 100+ Apache Software Foundation project communities as well as other open source projects across multiple sectors in one venue to advance the work that is defining the future of technology and that represents a new generation of software development. It hosts collaboration on some of the today’s hottest open source projects, including Apache projects like Cassandra, Cordova, CloudStack, CouchDB, Geronimo, Hadoop, Hive, HTTP Server, Lucene, OpenOffice, Struts, Subversion and Tomcat, among many others.
|
||||
|
||||
#### [CloudStack Collaboration Conference North America][6] ####
|
||||
|
||||
April 9-11, 2014, The Westin, Denver, Co.
|
||||
|
||||
The CloudStack Collaboration Conference North America brings together developers, systems administrators and DevOps professionals who are building and managing large networks of virtual machines and advancing the state-of-the-art for cloud computing technologies. The event offers a neutral environment where attendees can advance their work with Apache CloudStack.
|
||||
|
||||
#### [Embedded Linux Conference][7] ####
|
||||
|
||||
April 29-May 1, 2014, San Jose Marriott, San Jose, Calif.
|
||||
|
||||
Now in its 10th year, this is the premier vendor-neutral technical conference for companies and developers using Linux in embedded products.
|
||||
|
||||
#### [Android Builders Summit][8] ####
|
||||
|
||||
April 29-May 1, 2014, San Jose Marriott, San Jose, Calif.
|
||||
|
||||
A technical summit for OEMs, their device manufacturers, integrators, custom builders, and the growing Android and Linux Kernel developer communities.
|
||||
|
||||
#### [LinuxCon North America][9] ####
|
||||
|
||||
August 20-22, 2014, Sheraton Chicago, Chicago
|
||||
|
||||
LinuxCon is the leading annual technical conference in North America, bringing together developers, system administrators, DevOps professionals, business executives and more in a collaboration and education space for the Linux community.
|
||||
|
||||
#### [CloudOpen North America][10] ####
|
||||
|
||||
August 20-22, 2014, Sheraton Chicago, Chicago
|
||||
|
||||
CloudOpen brings together the open source projects, products and companies that are driving the cloud and big data ecosystems today to share best practices from the world of traditional open source.
|
||||
|
||||
#### [LinuxCon Europe][11] ####
|
||||
|
||||
October 13-15, 2014, Duesseldorf Congress Centre, Duesseldorf, Germany
|
||||
|
||||
LinuxCon Europe brings together the European Linux community, from developers, system administrators and DevOps professionals to business executives and more in a collaboration and education space for the Linux community. Previous locations have included Prague and Barcelona.
|
||||
|
||||
#### [CloudOpen Europe][12] ####
|
||||
|
||||
October 13-15, 2014, Duesseldorf Congress Centre, Duesseldorf, Germany
|
||||
|
||||
CloudOpen Europe brings together the open source projects, products and companies that are driving the cloud and big data ecosystems today to share best practices from the world of traditional open source.
|
||||
|
||||
#### [Embedded Linux Conference Europe][13] ####
|
||||
|
||||
October 13-15, 2014, Duesseldorf Congress Centre, Duesseldorf, Germany
|
||||
|
||||
Now in its 10th year, this is the premier vendor-neutral technical conference for companies and developers using Linux in embedded products.
|
||||
|
||||
For more information about Linux Foundation events, you can visit: [http://events.linuxfoundation.org][14].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ostatic.com/blog/the-linux-foundation-delivers-complete-2014-event-schedule
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://youtu.be/-WUeelICQ2U
|
||||
[2]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/opendaylight-summit
|
||||
[3]:https://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/lsfmm-summit
|
||||
[4]:https://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/collaboration-summit
|
||||
[5]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/apachecon-north-america
|
||||
[6]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/apachecon-north-america
|
||||
[7]:https://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/embedded-linux-conference
|
||||
[8]:https://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/android-builders-summit
|
||||
[9]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/linuxcon
|
||||
[10]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/cloudopen-north-america
|
||||
[11]:https://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/linuxcon-europe
|
||||
[12]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/cloudopen-europe
|
||||
[13]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/embedded-linux-conference-europe
|
||||
[14]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/
|
||||
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
|
||||
The Linux Software Store Conundrum
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Surveying the choices, the Linux OS could use a better retail online outlet.
|
||||
|
||||
For quite some time, I've pleaded with the Ubuntu team to consider updating the Ubuntu Software Center. It's nearly unusable on older PCs, and even on modern hardware this method of software installation leaves a lot to be desired – especially with paid applications.
|
||||
|
||||
It's my hope that this article will not only help each of us take a hard look at the existing methods of Linux software discovery and installation, but perhaps we'll finally settle on a means of handling paid software titles as well.
|
||||
|
||||
### Linspire was close ###
|
||||
|
||||
Whether you hated or loved the company [Linspire][1] before [Xandros][2] purchased the brand, the fact of the matter is that the early days of its Click-n-Run (CNR) Warehouse was years ahead of its time. Before CNR became a one size fits all tool trying to be all things to all distributions, Linspire offered what I felt was the most newbie friendly method for installing software onto Linux. Even by today's standards, "classic" CNR has yet to be touched in terms of easily installing FoSS and commercial applications in a seamless environment.
|
||||
|
||||
### Steam as a software store ###
|
||||
|
||||
While there are a number of "other" software stores available for the Linux desktop, none of them actually support paid applications like the Ubuntu Software Center. The only viable alternative I've seen to the Ubuntu Software Center for distributing paid applications on the Linux desktop is Valve's [Steam][3] digital software manager. Known as a top outlet for distributing paid Linux games, I've found that Steam is already being used to [distribute software][4] for other platforms. I think that it's entirely possible Steam would be a good option for distributing paid software for Linux users as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike other software distribution tools, Steam is designed specifically to handle payments in a much cleaner way than existing Linux alternatives. Also, Steam presents games and software titles in a fantastic light, so those browsing these titles can settle on the right application for their needs.
|
||||
|
||||
Now I'm not suggesting that Steam would be the best replacement for say, discovering open source software titles. I'm firmly against such an idea. I would suggest, however, that Steam provides a multiple distro option for handling all software/games of a proprietary nature.
|
||||
|
||||
### A new ecosystem is born ###
|
||||
|
||||
By now, you may think that I'm firmly against software distribution tools like the Ubuntu Software Center. But the truth is, I'd love to see it improved and to succeed with as many open source titles as possible. Again, while I think it needs work, it still provides a fairly decent tool for software title discovery. But as I noted out above, the payment system provided in the Software Center is simply not providing a good user experience overall. It's slow, and doesn't really provide a solid tool for discovering the latest releases of paid software.
|
||||
|
||||
In this arena, I see Steam as the clear winner here. And if we can get Steam ramped up in distributing paid applications that people actually want to use – not just the limited paid title library for Linux we have now – the options could be limitless.
|
||||
|
||||
Imagine a new ecosystem where paid applications have their own distribution tool free from dependency on any one Linux distro. Ubuntu, Arch, OpenSUSE, whatever the distro might happen to be, I see Steam as the tool introducing yet-to-be-ported software over to the Linux space. And as new software titles are released and discovered, more will follow. Perhaps we'd even see mega-brands making an appearance? Adobe Photoshop and Microsoft Office – if the paying audience is there, I see no reason why these titles wouldn't be made available.
|
||||
|
||||
### Hurdles and challenges ###
|
||||
|
||||
There are some serious challenges to overcome before Steam for software could take a hold of the Linux space. The first challenge is the Linux user base itself: we can be cynical, reserved and always concerned about the next big "proprietary threat" coming down the road. Despite the warm reception Valve has seen with Steam delivering games onto the various Linux distributions, I think this "welcome" would cool a bit if software titles were also being actively promoted.
|
||||
|
||||
Another concern that has crossed my mind is whether Valve would welcome tons of "junk" applications like the ones you can find in the mobile software space. Nothing would be worse than hundreds of junk applications and hardly any compelling ones in the Steam store. It's my hope that we find a balance between quantity and quality with regard to paid Linux software titles.
|
||||
|
||||
### No Steam – No Problem? ###
|
||||
|
||||
I'm not one to put too much emphasis on a single solution to any problem, therefore I acknowledge that Steam alone might not be the only method of delivering paid software titles to the Linux-using masses. But my question then shifts to: if it's not Steam – what is the solution? We've seen distributions like Ubuntu make attempts at bringing in paid software titles and clearly, [the results][5] haven't been all that great.
|
||||
|
||||
I do give props to Ubuntu for their attempts at getting new titles submitted into the Software Center, thanks to their [App Developer Week][6]. It's a great idea and for casual apps, it's been fun to see what new titles have come out of the event. Sadly, though, I don't see this luring Adobe or Microsoft into making highly requested titles available for non-Microsoft and Apple platforms.
|
||||
|
||||
In the end, are there genuinely viable alternatives for paid software to make their way into the Linux landscape? In the enterprise realm, it's already happening.
|
||||
|
||||
### Enterprise applications ###
|
||||
|
||||
Based on my personal experience, I honestly don't see a future where paid applications will gain a major foothold on the Linux desktop. But I do see paid applications making major waves in the future on the Linux server. Like most things Linux, it's on the server where the money is earned; through services and enterprise grade products.
|
||||
|
||||
So even if Steam can align itself to become a distribution tool for paid applications, I fear it won't be that desirable for the enterprise space. On the flip side, perhaps we'll be able to revisit this in the future, and Steam will indeed be in a place to distribute paid Linux software for consumers and not just great games.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.datamation.com/open-source/the-linux-software-store-conundrum-1.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linspire
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xandros
|
||||
[3]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_(software)
|
||||
[4]:http://store.steampowered.com/software/
|
||||
[5]:http://developer.ubuntu.com/2013/04/top-10-ubuntu-app-downloads-for-march/
|
||||
[6]:http://developer.ubuntu.com/2013/12/ubuntu-app-developer-week-call-for-papers/
|
||||
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu Wallpaper Contest Offers Artists Chance to Feature on Millions of Desktops
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Ubuntu is giving amateur and professional artists alike the chance to have their work seen by millions of people across the world.**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The Ubuntu 14.04 wallpaper contest [has opened for entries][1], and invites anyone with an interest in photography or digital design to imprint their passion into pixel form and take part.
|
||||
|
||||
A selection of the best submissions will be selected to ship as part of the stock Ubuntu 14.04 LTS desktop, due for release in April.
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu’s wallpaper competition has become a traditional fixture of the development cycle having run twice a year since 2009 and the release of Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic Koala.
|
||||
|
||||
### No Theme ###
|
||||
|
||||
Despite [earlier discussions][2] hinting at a thematic arc, the 14.04 contest **does not feature an over-arching theme** or brief to which submissions should adhere — which is good news for fans of diverse and varied backgrounds.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s not to say it’s a free for all. Those taking part should keep to the set of sensible guidelines listed on the Ubuntu Wallpaper Contest Wiki page.
|
||||
|
||||
Entries should be added to the [Ubuntu 14.04 Wallpaper pool on photo-sharing site Flickr][3] and are limited to one submission per person.
|
||||
|
||||
Submissions must be licensed under [Creative Commons ShareAlike 3.0][4], with all attribution declared if elements are remixing or riffing off of other work.
|
||||
|
||||
Other than that the usual straightforward guidelines apply:
|
||||
|
||||
- Keep it simple: avoid busy designs, too many shapes or clashing colours
|
||||
- Use a single point of focus to draw the eye in
|
||||
- Design around the Unity interface elements
|
||||
- Ensure you’re designing at a minimum resolution of 2560 x 1600
|
||||
|
||||
Deadline for all submissions is **March 5, 2014 at 18:00 GMT**. Winning entries will be selected by a panel comprising of the previous releases’ chosen artists, with their final choices revealed on March 11, 2014, ahead of the Trusty Tahr UI freeze.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/ubuntu-14-04-lts-wallpaper-contest
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://hungfu.wordpress.com/2014/02/10/ubuntu-14-04-needs-a-splash-of-colour-and-you-can-help/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/ubuntu-14-04-wallpaper-contest-changes
|
||||
[3]:http://www.flickr.com/groups/2535978@N21
|
||||
[4]:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
|
||||
Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
This year I attended my first [GPU Technology Conference][1] in San Jose, California (it took place the week after the [Game Developers Conference][2]). Hosted by NVIDIA, the event featured a range of talks from a large array of market segments including automotive, motion picture, gaming, scientific, cloud, system integrators, and startups. The schedule was a mixture of three main keynotes, 500 technical sessions, hands-on programming labs, demos, and an expo floor with a large number of vendors showing their latest work.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The first keynote took place on the second day, and was delivered by Jen-Hsun Huang, NVIDIA CEO. His talk featured announcements of new architectures such as [Pascal][3] that will power the next generation of GPGPU products from the company, to the [Jetson TK1][4] which is billed as the world's first embedded supercomputer. While Pascal will be used in the next generation of supercomputers and workstations, Jetson is targeted at the embedded market and both make extensive use of Linux. The keynote featured an Audi self-driven car appearing on stage powered by a Jetson-based architecture, and it ended in the announcement that all attendees would receive an Android powered NVIDIA shield.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The second keynote featured a live demo of the real-time rendering work done at Pixar, showing how the animators have benefited from the latest developments in GPU technology to more effectively gain feedback before final renders. The final keynote was delivered by Dr. Adam Gazzaley, a neuroscientist at the University of California at San Francisco who is working on the use of video games for cognitive enhancement. This featured a live demo with virtual reality using the Occulus Rift, and real-time electrical measurement/feedback into the game.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
One of the major reasons I attended was to learn more about the latest development in visualization, and there were a good number of sessions that looked at this along with the synergy of GPGPU computation and real-time feedback from visualization. More and more supercomputers are now making use of GPGPU accelerators, such as Titan at Oak Ridge National Lab. A large number of sessions were delivered by NVIDIA engineers and developers, but there were also a number of sessions delivered by scientists working on real problems (largely focused on GPGPU rather than rendering/visualization). There was an extensive poster session, showcasing applications across a broad range of areas with the opportunity to talk to the developers. Many of the projects featured were open source and made extensive use of libraries familiar to many of us.
|
||||
|
||||
It is clear that OpenGL is alive and well, with many exciting developments in this area. Interestingly, many of these are being fuelled by growing interest from the gaming industry as they port to new Linux-based platforms such as [SteamOS][5]. Live demos were given on the Jetson in the future of OpenGL session, and the [Approaching Zero Driver Overhead][6] talk from the preceding Game Developers Conference was referenced quite heavily. Several enhancements to the binary driver were mentioned in reference to better supporting scene graphs and real-time ray-tracing using nVidia's Optix platform was showcased and ultimately featured in one of the awards for the work on the [HIV capsid as a showcase][7] of what GPU technology can do to help drive forward progress in scientific research.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://opensource.com/life/14/4/gpu-technology-conference-2014
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.gputechconf.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.gdconf.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2014/03/25/gpu-roadmap-pascal/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.nvidia.com/object/jetson-tk1-embedded-dev-kit.html
|
||||
[5]:http://steamcommunity.com/linux
|
||||
[6]:http://www.slideshare.net/CassEveritt/approaching-zero-driver-overhead
|
||||
[7]:http://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2014/03/27/researchers-win-third-annual-cuda-achievement-award-three-new-cuda-fellows-named/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
||||
How has the Press Reacted to Ubuntu 14.04? We Round Up the Reviews
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**The release of Ubuntu 14.04 just before the Easter holiday arrived gave tech journalists and bloggers an extended period in which to play with the newest long-term support release.**
|
||||
|
||||
But what did they make of it?
|
||||
|
||||
### Press Reaction ###
|
||||
|
||||
The last few years have seen each successive release of Ubuntu greeted by fewer and fewer pixels (as opposed to column inches).
|
||||
|
||||
As an LTS, the recommended choice for home users and enterprise deployments alike, does 14.04 buck the trend?
|
||||
|
||||
> ‘Reviews from mainstream tech publications and news site are once again thin on the ground.’
|
||||
|
||||
In short: not really. Reviews from mainstream tech publications and news site are once again thin on the ground. Whether it’s that this release has little newsworthy to offer (outside of extended support and a few extras that only enthusiasts are likely to care about) or whether there’s an increasing weariness about covering an established product that has, by and large, remained a niche interest is not for me to postulate.
|
||||
|
||||
But while there’s no mention of the Trusty Tahr on the BBC News website or in the technology section of The Guardian, it didn’t arrive totally unnoticed. What press reaction there has been, has been positive.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Quote, Unquote ####
|
||||
|
||||
ZDNet offers up a [detailed overview][1], describing the release as “solid and stable”. While noting that it features ‘no big changes’ the reviewer, Terry Ralph-Knight, goes on to declare Ubuntu as being “**pretty hard to beat**”.
|
||||
|
||||
> ‘Terry Ralph-Knight of Zdnet declares Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
|
||||
|
||||
Over at TechRepublic Jack Wallen, in his concise overview, [says Trusty][2] ‘wows through subtlety‘.
|
||||
|
||||
Jon Gold of **Network World** conveys the salient [changes with a slideshow][3]. On the subject of improved HiDPI support Gold notes that this “could prove important as 4K screens begin to gain traction in the market.”
|
||||
|
||||
Tech site The Inquirer [covers the release][4] from the ‘Windows XP Alternative’ angle, but noted it is a ‘natty bit of kit in its own right’.
|
||||
|
||||
> ‘Other coverage tended to regurgitate the official Canonical press release’
|
||||
|
||||
Other coverage tended to regurgitate the Canonical press release that trumpets the lure for Windows XP users and businesses; touts the ‘optimised for multi-touch trackpads and touchscreen’ angle; and touches on the co-release of new 14.04-based tablet and phone builds.
|
||||
|
||||
Of these, **Engadget** and **PCAdvisor** cover the [above points concisely][5], while Jon Brodkin of Ars Technica [distills the essentials points in depth][6] with added insight from an email conversation he had with Rick Spencer, VP of Engineering at Canonical.
|
||||
|
||||
The decision to refer to Ubuntu Touch as merely ‘Ubuntu’ (something that while technically true forgoes a distinction still warranted) confused a few reporters, with many inferring that the screenshots of the desktop version accompanying their articles is what will be shipping on tablets later this year.
|
||||
|
||||
As we have previously reported, the ‘Unity 8′-based version of Ubuntu will be sold preinstalled on tablets from unknown OEMs later this year.
|
||||
|
||||
In all the reception has been positive, if a little lacking. But what critics think matters not a jot — it’s you, the user whose opinion is the true decider. Have you upgraded yet?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/press-reaction-ubuntu-14-04
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/ubuntu-14-04-lts-trusty-tahr-review-solid-and-stable-but-no-big-changes-7000028437/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/ubuntu-14-04-wows-through-subtlety/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.networkworld.com/slideshow/149046/first-look-ubuntu-1404-lts.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2340343/ubuntu-1404-lts-desktop-arrives-this-week-as-windows-xp-alternative#%C2%A0
|
||||
[5]:http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/news/software/3512604/ubuntu-1404-lts-plays-better-with-high-res-displays-forms-ubuntus-tablet-backbone/
|
||||
[6]:http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/04/ubuntu-14-04-will-power-first-commercially-available-ubuntu-tablets/
|
||||
51
sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md
Normal file
51
sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
|
||||
# Viz 再占领一篇！
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Mark Shuttleworth, the founder of Canonical, has chosen the name of the next Ubuntu, 14.10, and it will be called Utopic Unicorn.**
|
||||
|
||||
The Ubuntu developers don't usually take a lot of rest between development cycles, which means that work on Ubuntu 14.10 will start any day now and, in six months’ time, in October 2014, we'll have a new release. Granted, it won't be an LTS version, but Mark Shuttleworth wants the development team to test the waters on what's possible and make some big leaps forward.
|
||||
|
||||
“So bring your upstanding best to the table – or the forum – or the mailing list – and let’s make something amazing. Something unified and upright, something about which we can be universally proud. And since we’re getting that once-every-two-years chance to make fresh starts and dream unconstrained dreams about what the future should look like, we may as well go all out and give it a dreamlike name. Let’s get going on the utopic unicorn. Give it stick,” said Mark Shuttleworth in his regular [announcement][1].
|
||||
|
||||
The name of Utopic Unicorn is a little different from what we’d usually expect. None of the names chosen so far has been mythical, which makes Ubuntu 14.10 a peculiar version. Either he couldn't find a real and interesting animal to use for the name, or he just couldn't resist to the use of Unicorn.
|
||||
|
||||
Canonical doesn't leave the name choosing process to the community, like Fedora does. It would generate the most bizarre names and it's likely Ubuntu would end up with some funky codename that no one really likes.
|
||||
|
||||
From what Mark Shuttleworth has been describing in his post, it seems that Ubuntu developers have been given a blank check to make something different. This doesn't mean that the next Ubuntu will be radically different, but if we keep in mind that it's a system with only a nine-month support period, it's very likely that they will experiment a great deal.
|
||||
|
||||
“The discipline of an LTS constrains our creativity – our users appreciate the results of a focused effort on performance and stability and maintainability, and we appreciate the spring cleaning that comes with a focus on technical debt. But the point of spring cleaning is to make room for fresh ideas and new art, and our next release has to raise the roof in that regard. And what a spectacular time to be unleashing creativity in Ubuntu,” also noted Mark Shuttleworth.
|
||||
|
||||
It's also very likely that Ubuntu developers will try to get a little bit closer to their convergence goal of having a single codebase running on all the platforms. It won't be ready in this cycle, but we will probably see some major improvements.
|
||||
|
||||
All hail Utopic Unicorn!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-10-to-Be-Called-Utopic-Unicorn-439028.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[VizV](https://github.com/VizV) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1363
|
||||
[2]:
|
||||
[3]:
|
||||
[4]:
|
||||
[5]:
|
||||
[6]:
|
||||
[7]:
|
||||
[8]:
|
||||
[9]:
|
||||
[10]:
|
||||
[11]:
|
||||
[12]:
|
||||
[13]:
|
||||
[14]:
|
||||
[15]:
|
||||
[16]:
|
||||
[17]:
|
||||
[18]:
|
||||
[19]:
|
||||
[20]:
|
||||
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Canonical's Ubuntu 14.04 focuses on the long haul
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> The server edition of Ubuntu 14.04 comes with Docker and better support for solid-state disks
|
||||
|
||||
IDG News Service - As organizations move in-house systems to the cloud, Canonical wants them to consider switching their OSes as well.
|
||||
|
||||
"When people move to cloud, it very often involves re-architecting an application," said Mark Baker, Canonical Ubuntu Server product manager. "Enterprises are evolving to want to take advantage of scale-out and cloud technology."
|
||||
|
||||
Due to factors such as the emergence of cloud services, about 70 percent of CIOs plan to revaluate their choices in IT vendors within the next few years, [according to a Gartner survey][1]. "We are seeing evidence of that," Baker said.
|
||||
|
||||
With Thursday's release of the server edition of its Linux distribution, Ubuntu 14.04, Canonical will emphasize how it can be used for organizations as the base for running large mission-critical applications in hosted environments. The release comes with long-term support and many cloud-friendly software programs, such as Docker and the latest edition of OpenStack.
|
||||
|
||||
> "We are now much more conscious of the fact that we are creating a platform that is being adopted by enterprises," Baker said.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Ubuntu 14.04 is a long-term support (LTS) release, meaning it will come with five years of patching and support, making it more viable for enterprise and long-term production usage. It will also allow users to update software packages from Ubuntu's own repository system for this time as well.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Canonical releases a new version of Ubuntu twice a year, though LTS releases only come every two years. The other non-LTS releases are only supported for nine months.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> With regular non-LTS releases, users will no longer get bug fixes and they cannot update software or the OS itself through Canonical after nine months. This gives users only about three months to update the OS, should they choose to do so.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Long-term support comes at a good time, given the increasing severity of bugs being found in the infrastructure software, such as the severe OpenSSL Heartbleed bug [that rendered countless Web applications vulnerable to attack][2].
|
||||
|
||||
Also last week, Microsoft discontinued support for its Windows XP OS, potentially leaving millions of users [open to attack][3].
|
||||
|
||||
About 70 percent of those using the server edition of Ubuntu use the LTS versions of the OS, Baker noted.
|
||||
|
||||
Organizations "don't want to be pushed to upgrade until a time that suits them. Five years is a long time. It gives them a lot of runway to work out the right migration path," Baker said.
|
||||
|
||||
Baker admitted that the new release is relatively light on new packages and features, mainly due to Canonical's work on getting the software ready for long-term usage.
|
||||
|
||||
The company has done a lot of interoperability work with other hardware and software vendors, such as Advanced Micro Devices, Cisco and cloud providers such as Amazon, Joyent, Hewlett-Packard and others.
|
||||
|
||||
The package includes the latest version of the OpenStack cloud-hosting software, called Icehouse, [due to be released Thursday][4].
|
||||
|
||||
This is notable in that OpenStack itself will only support each release through the next two releases, [a duration that has been until now about 18 months][5].
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04 is also the first to include Docker,[a Linux container technology that provides a lighter-weight alternative to running full virtual machines][6].
|
||||
|
||||
This is also the first edition to include XFS, a high performance 64-bit journaling file system first developed by SGI (Silicon Graphics). Canonical competitor Red Hat [plans to use XFS][7] as the default file system for the next edition of its Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) distribution.
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat also includes Docker and OpenStack in RHEL.
|
||||
|
||||
Canonical has also equipped Ubuntu to work more effectively with solid-state disks (SSDs). Ubuntu 14.04 comes with Linux kernel version 3.13, [released in January][8]. Linux 3.13 includes a new technology called Multi-Queue Block Layer, which improves read-write performance on SSD disks [by spreading the work across multiple cores][9].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9247694/Canonical_39_s_Ubuntu_14.04_focuses_on_the_long_haul?taxonomyId=122
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2685515
|
||||
[2]:http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9247671/Server_makers_rush_their_Heartbleed_patches
|
||||
[3]:http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9247525/Microsoft_Patch_Tuesday_bids_adieu_to_Windows_XP
|
||||
[4]:https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Icehouse_Release_Schedule
|
||||
[5]:https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Releases
|
||||
[6]:http://www.infoworld.com/d/virtualization/docker-challenges-virtualization-market-containers-235897
|
||||
[7]:http://www.infoworld.com/t/linux/red-hat-enterprise-linux-7-beta-now-available-232520
|
||||
[8]:http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_3.13
|
||||
[9]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTUwNDc
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
|
||||
Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Coverity opens up access to free development testing service, allows anyone interested in open source software quality to view projects**
|
||||
|
||||
Features | CIOL Bureau
|
||||
|
||||
MOUNTAIN VIEW, USA: Coverity Inc., a Synopsys company released the 2013 Coverity Scan Open Source Report.
|
||||
|
||||
The report details the analysis of 750 million lines of open source software code through the Coverity Scan service and commercial usage of the Coverity Development Testing Platform, the largest sample size that the report has studied to date.
|
||||
|
||||
For the 2013 Coverity Scan Report, the company analyzed code from more than 700 open source C/C++ projects as well as an anonymous sample of enterprise projects. In addition, the report highlights analysis results from several popular, open source Java projects that have joined the Scan service since March 2013.
|
||||
|
||||
The Coverity Scan Open Source Report has become a widely accepted standard for measuring the state of open source quality. During the past eight years, the Coverity Scan service has analyzed several hundreds of millions of lines of code from more than 1,500 open source projects - including C/C++ projects such as NetBSD, FreeBSD, LibreOffice and Linux, and Java projects such as Apache Hadoop, HBase and Cassandra.
|
||||
|
||||
The Scan service has helped developers find and fix more than 94,000 defects since 2006. Nearly 50,000 defects were fixed in 2013 alone - the largest single number of defects fixed in a single year by Scan users. More than 11,000 of these defects were fixed by the four largest projects in the service: NetBSD, FreeBSD, LibreOffice and Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
### Key findings in the 2013 report include: ###
|
||||
|
||||
* Open source code quality surpasses proprietary code quality in C/C++ projects. Defect density (defects per 1,000 lines of software code) is a commonly used measurement for software quality, and a defect density of 1.0 is considered the accepted industry standard for good quality software.
|
||||
|
||||
Coverity's analysis found an average defect density of .59 for open source C/C++ projects that leverage the Scan service, compared to an average defect density of .72 for proprietary C/C++ code developed for enterprise projects. In 2013, code quality of open source projects using the Scan service surpassed that of proprietary projects at all code base sizes, which further highlights the open source community's strong commitment to development testing.
|
||||
|
||||
* Linux continues to be a benchmark for open source quality. By leveraging the Scan service, Linux has reduced the average time to fix a newly detected defect from 122 days to just 6 days. Since the original Coverity Scan Report in 2008, scanned versions of Linux have consistently achieved a defect density of less than 1.0. In 2013, Coverity scanned more than 8.5 million lines of Linux code and found a defect density of .61.
|
||||
|
||||
* C/C++ developers fixed more high-impact defects. The Coverity analysis found that developers contributing to open source Java projects are not fixing as many high-impact defects as developers contributing to open source C/C++ projects.
|
||||
|
||||
Java project developers participating in the Scan service only fixed 13 percent of the identified resource leaks, whereas participating C/C++ developers fixed 46 percent. This could be caused in part by a false sense of security within the Java programming community, due to protections built into the language, such as garbage collection. However, garbage collection can be unpredictable and cannot address system resources so these projects are at risk.
|
||||
|
||||
* HBase serves as benchmark for Java projects. Coverity analyzed more than 8 million lines of code from 100 open source Java projects, including popular Big Data projects Apache Hadoop 2.3 (320,000 lines of code), Apache HBase (487,000 lines of code) and Apache Cassandra (345,000 lines of code).
|
||||
|
||||
Since joining the Scan service in August 2013, Apache HBase - which is Hadoop's database - fixed more than 220 defects, including a much higher percentage of resource leaks compared to other Java projects in the Scan service (i.e., 66 percent for HBase compared to 13 percent on average for other projects).
|
||||
|
||||
"If software is eating the world, then open source software is leading the charge," said Zack Samocha, senior director of products for Coverity. "Our objective with the Coverity Scan service is to help the open source community create high-quality software. Based on the results of this report - as well as the increasing popularity of the service - open source software projects that leverage development testing continue to increase the quality of their software, such that they have raised the bar for the entire industry."
|
||||
|
||||
Coverity also announced today that it has opened up access to the Coverity Scan service, allowing anyone interested in open source software to view the progress of participating projects. Individuals can now become Project Observers, which enables them to track the state of relevant open source projects in the Scan service and view high-level data including the count of outstanding defects, fixed defects and defect density.
|
||||
|
||||
"We've seen an exponential increase in the number of people who have asked to join the Coverity Scan service, simply to monitor the defects being found and fixed. In many cases, these people work for large enterprise organizations that utilize open source software within their commercial projects," added Samocha. "By opening up the Scan service to these individuals, we are now enabling a new level of visibility into the code quality of the open source projects, which they are including in their software supply chain."
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.ciol.com/ciol/features/213112/coverity-scan-report-source-software-quality-outpaces-proprietary-code/page/1
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Finally: Ubuntu 14.04 Will Include ‘Minimise On Click’ Option for Unity Launcher
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Well this is unexpected: [after years][1] of refusing to budge on the issue, Canonical will, finally, offer up an option for ‘minimise on click’ behaviour on the Unity Launcher.**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The long-sought feature allows app windows to be minimised by clicking its respective icon in the Unity Launcher, and restore it on subsequent click. Despite the demand for such an option, Canonical had previously rejected several community patches that would’ve added it sooner.
|
||||
|
||||
Its arrival is the latest in a string of out standing user experience issues to be patched up ahead of the Ubuntu 14.04 LTS release, joining a newly unified lockscreen, support for locally-integrated menus and the reintroduction of borderless app windows.
|
||||
|
||||
### Coming, But In What Form? ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Confirming the news][2] on the bug report requesting the feature, Ubuntu developer Chris Townsend gave further details on what to expect:
|
||||
|
||||
> We are going to put in as an unsupported option to allow clicking the Launcher icon of single windowed apps and minimize that window. By unsupported, I mean that functionality is “as-is” and no more tweaks or enhancements to it.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s currently unclear how or where the option will surface in the main UI (or if it ever will) it is unlikely to be put anywhere where Joe User can accidentally activate it.The current code points to it being available through the Unity plugin pane of the Compiz Config Settings Manager.
|
||||
|
||||
The feature will also only work on applications when they have a single window open. Clicking on an app icon with more than once window open will continue to open the App Spread, the standard Unity behaviour.
|
||||
|
||||
Good news? It certainly will be to a large chunk of you. [In a poll we ran last month][3] almost 58% of you said you thought minimize on click should be added to Unity.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/minimize-click-launcher-option-ubuntu-14-04
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ayatana-design/+bug/733349
|
||||
[2]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ayatana-design/+bug/733349/comments/403
|
||||
[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/poll-unity-bring-back-minimize-click-feature
|
||||
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Mir Display Server May Not Arrive on Desktops As Default Until 2016
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Ubuntu’s next generation display server Mir, developed by Canonical as a flexible alternative to Wayland and XServer, could be facing another delay on its way to the desktop. **
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The technology was initially positioned as a candidate for shipping by default on the desktop later this year but, [in a video address][1] to developers, Mark Shuttleworth has now intimated that Mir may not find its way on to the Ubuntu desktop until the release of Ubuntu 16.04 LTS — in 2016.
|
||||
|
||||
Responding to a question asking when users could expect to find it available on PCs, Shuttleworth replied:
|
||||
|
||||
> “I expect Mir to be the display server [to be default] as soon as it’s rock solid and we have a story we’re really proud of on it. You can run it on your desktop [now], but we don’t want to let a love of technology interfere with our mission to be great for the user. This is a great place for us to set the bar very high in terms of performance…where we have freedom to get it right, without having to worry too much about compatibility.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> By 16.04 it’ll be the default display server…That’s the kind of timeline we’re looking at.”
|
||||
|
||||
### Mir Oh Mir ###
|
||||
|
||||
It’s not immediately clear what impact, if any, such a delay would mean for Unity 8, scheduled to arrive on desktops this October.
|
||||
|
||||
Similarly, it’s also not clear from his words whether the ‘by 16.04′ references a pure Mir experience or something akin to the Mir + Xmir hybrid proposed for Ubuntu 13.10. Either way a slip in timeframe is a hazard of any development process. Display servers are not easy technologies to build, particularly when designing one to span all manner of screen sizes and form factors.
|
||||
|
||||
This delay, if as assured as some news outlets are reporting it as being, won’t be the first to scupper Canonical’s plans. Ubuntu [originally intended to land a Mir Hybrid in Ubuntu 13.10][2], but technical flaws prevented that from happened. Its inclusion in the upcoming release of 14.04 LTS [was also ruled][3] out early on.
|
||||
|
||||
### Mir As It Is ###
|
||||
|
||||
As disappointing as the above may read Mir is continuing to evolve at breakneck pace. In fact, while it won’t be default, it will be possible to install a Mir session in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, bundled with an in-progress version of the Unity 8 desktop. It’s also rocking out as the default on Ubuntu Touch for both phones and tablets.
|
||||
|
||||
But on the desktop it looks like things may take a little longer. Unlike on phones and tablets, where Ubuntu is able to make use of Android device drivers [via Hybris][4], there are currently no proprietary AMD, Intel or Nvidia desktop graphics drivers supporting Mir. Upstream support in open-source drivers remain patchy at best, with Canonical [being forced][5] to carry patches to enable functionality.
|
||||
|
||||
**The more time Canonical has to refine, iterate and improve on the technology in its desktop form, the better the end user experience of it will be.**
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/mir-default-display-server-ubuntu-2016
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWTVe5Mdv0Y&feature=share&t=29m19s
|
||||
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/xmir-longer-default-supported-cards-13-10
|
||||
[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/11/expect-ubuntu-14-04-lts
|
||||
[4]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybris_(software)
|
||||
[5]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/09/intel-remove-xmir-support-in-xorg-video-driver
|
||||
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Puzzle Game ’2048′ Packaged Up For Ubuntu
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Hold on, I’ll be with you in 2 secs. Make that 4. Maybe 8. What? It’s been 16 minutes? Crikey!
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[2048][1] mania [has swept the world][2] (though by the time you read this it may have dissipated, such is the fickle nature of viral gaming in a post-Flappy Bird landscape).
|
||||
|
||||
The game, inspired by an equally popular game called ‘threes’, is simple in aim: you move tiles around a grid, combining those with matching numbers to create a new tile with a larger number, and so on until you reach the 2048 tile.
|
||||
|
||||
Moving tiles is done using keyboard **arrow keys**. When two squares with the same number touch they merge into a one tile or a larger number (2 + 2 = 4, 4 + 4 = 8, and so on).
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the goal is to reach the 2048 tile, not score. So many <del>Facebook status brags</del> seem to miss that distinction.
|
||||
|
||||
As games go 2048 certainly falls in the ‘pick up and pass time’ category, being both addictively simple and fiendishly annoying. Prepare to lose hours to it.
|
||||
|
||||
*“Just one more go…”*
|
||||
|
||||
### Install 2048 on Ubuntu ###
|
||||
|
||||
The game can be played freely on any device with internet access and a modern browser by visiting the website ([link][3]). There is also [a gazillion mobile clones][4] available to grab from the Google Play, Apple App, and Windows Phone Stores.
|
||||
|
||||
But if you want to have it available to launch locally in Ubuntu with offline play support, you’re in luck. The (very awesome) folks over at Lffl [have packaged][5] the open-source puzzler, which is distributed via GitHub, as a .deb installer for Debian-based distros.
|
||||
|
||||
Once installed, you can launch the game from the Unity Dash (or other DE menu alternative). While it continues to open in a browser (minor annoyance) installing it locally does preserve your high score between sessions — which is pretty handy should you like to best yourself.
|
||||
|
||||
The .deb installer can be downloaded below and will work on Ubuntu 12.04 or later.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download 2048 for Ubuntu][6]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/install-2048-on-ubuntu-download
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://gabrielecirulli.github.io/2048/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-2048-hit-game-creator-gabriele-cirulli-20140327,0,3285397.story#axzz2xGiZCbkl
|
||||
[3]:http://gabrielecirulli.github.io/2048/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/talkingtech/2014/03/28/talking-tech-2048/6951781/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.lffl.org/2014/03/giocare-2048-su-linux-window-e-mac.html
|
||||
[6]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxfreedomfor/files/ubuntu/2048_1_all.deb/download
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
|
||||
Raspberry Pi's Eben Upton: How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Inside the mind that prototyped a $35 computer for tinkerers.
|
||||
|
||||
I’ll never forget my first time seeing a Raspberry Pi. The tiny, credit-card sized computer is powerful enough to operate as a home PC, a media center, a gaming console, or anything you can dream up. At only $35, it’s a bargain for tinkerers of all ages who want to try out hardware and software experiments without worrying about bricking their pricier family computers.
|
||||
|
||||
[Eben Upton][1], cofounder of the Raspberry Pi Foundation, is generally credited as the magician behind this incredible machine. While working on his doctorate in philosophy at the University of Cambridge's computer laboratory, Upton painstakingly put together Raspberry Pi prototypes by hand.
|
||||
|
||||
Today, Upton is CEO of the Raspberry Pi Foundation’s trading company, where he oversees production and sales of the Raspberry Pi. The foundation has now sold more than 2.5 million units.
|
||||
|
||||
### Pi In The Sky ###
|
||||
|
||||
ReadWrite: What got you really interested in technology in the first place? How did that lead you eventually to the Raspberry Pi project?
|
||||
|
||||
**Eben Upton**: So I actually got started when I was a kid. I have a father who has a certain amount of interest in engineering. He’s not an engineer, he’s an English academic. There were always piles of electrical stuff around the house that I used to play with before I understood what it did. Little things like making a light to have by your bed so you could read after “lights out” and stuff.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
And then I got a computer. In the UK we have these machines called [BBC Microcomputers][2], which were 8-bit micros that were build for education. We had them at school, I got into programming at school, and I enjoyed it.
|
||||
|
||||
These things weren’t necessarily in school for programming, or at least they didn’t tend to get used for programming. They would get used to run educational software. But I used to program on them. And then I bought one to program at home. I mean, the day I got my BBC micro, I went in my room, turned it on, and never came out again. [Laughs]
|
||||
|
||||
Programming is amazing for a kid. When you’re a kid you don’t have a lot of power. You don’t have a lot of agency, a lot of control over the world around you. The great thing about programming is it’s a little world where you do whatever you want. And I certainly found that very compelling.
|
||||
|
||||
I’d always been interested in science, math, kind of hard science subjects. Did a lot of computing, did a lot of programming on my BBC. I had a Commodore Amiga after that.
|
||||
|
||||
At university I did a mixture of physics, engineering, and computer science. And then that really kind of led me to the Pi. Because after I’d been at university for a decade [while getting a doctorate], I realized that the kids who were arriving hadn’t had the chance to have that set of experiences as a child. You could still get Legos but … that ladder.
|
||||
|
||||
We’d kind of pulled the ladder up after us. We built these very sophisticated and user-friendly computers for children to use now. Or not even computers—game consoles and phones and tablets, kind of appliances. But people were being denied that opportunity to tinker. So really Raspberry Pi is an attempt to get back—without kind of being too retro—some of what we kind of feel was lost from the evolution of computers over the last 25 years.
|
||||
|
||||
**RW:** What were some of the biggest hurdles you had to overcome?
|
||||
|
||||
**EU:** Well, we didn’t have any investors, so that was one nice thing. We’ve been trying to do this since 2006 so you can see it took us a long time to get from the idea of a Raspberry Pi to something you could sell. Finding something that had the right tradeoff between price and performance, or price and programmability was a big deal.
|
||||
|
||||
Getting the money together. We’re a not-for-profit, so we had to go find some money, and there ended up being a few of us on the board of trustees just loaning money out of our own pockets. So we had about a quarter of a million dollars of startup funding which was entirely loans from me and a couple of other people. So having the guts to do that, I guess.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### From East To West ###
|
||||
|
||||
Finding a way to get it manufactured at the right price. We ended up taking an unusual route. Generally when people make more conventional products, what they do is make them locally, when they’re low volume. And they [manufacturers] charge a high price. Most people have thicker margins than Raspberry Pi.
|
||||
|
||||
So what people do is manufacture in the west. Later on, in search of a squeeze, they got the volume and are looking to improve their production costs, so they go to the far east.
|
||||
|
||||
The issue for us was that, because we didn’t have enough margin to support that kind of order, we built our very first units in China. Which was of course, at first a slightly daunting prospect. I knew nothing about manufacturing in China, and we ended up sending $50,000 of chips and $50,000 to some guy in Hong Kong. And he sent us back 2,000 working Raspberry Pis.
|
||||
|
||||
It got to the point where there was a little bit of a delay and we were convinced that we’d gotten shafted. And then one day, the first 2,000 of now 2.5 million Raspberry Pis turned up on the doorstep on a pallet.
|
||||
|
||||
This UPS guy comes out of his truck with a pallet and a pallet jack and jacks this pallet into the garage. It’s got 2,000 Raspberry Pis on it and each one of those is massively more powerful than any computer I had when I was a kid. And we were just picking them out at random out of the pallet just to sample them and they all worked perfectly.
|
||||
|
||||
So getting lucky, I guess, with China, and then finally having got the volume, we went in the other direction from everyone else. I guess the other defining moment in the project was when we realized that, having got the volume, we could now build in the west for the same price we would have been able to build in China. So we were able to repatriate, to reshore all the manufacturing back to Wales, which is where I was born. Kind of a nice sort of circle.
|
||||
|
||||
**RW:** Were there any precursors to the Pi that didn’t work out?
|
||||
|
||||
**EU:** Yeah, we built a number of different prototype devices. We were trying to build something that was programmable but interesting to kids. “Interesting to kids” means kind of … powerful in some respects. Able to play video and games and go on the Web.
|
||||
|
||||
We had a number of prototypes that met the price goal and the programmability goal, but it was only very late, post 2010 and 2011, that we were able to identify a path that allowed us to build something that was also powerful enough that kids were going to engage with it.
|
||||
|
||||
### Whence The Pi Was Baked ###
|
||||
|
||||
**RW:** Tell me about inventing the Raspberry Pi.
|
||||
|
||||
**EU:** We tried building some units based on what you’d call microcontroller technology. I don’t know if you’ve come across an [open source electronics prototyping] platform called Arduino? Sort of a similar level of performance to the Arduino. The nice thing about those chips is they’re very available, they’re commodity parts, they’re very cheap and easy to get ahold of.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
So we tried that. And we ended up with something which was technically a computer—you plug it into your television and stuff. But it was kind of primitive and it was clear that kids weren’t going to engage with it. So that was prototype one, and that prototype is coming to a museum in Ireland in an exhibition called “Fail.” [Laughs] I’m going to go see it next month. It’s in a glass cabinet as an example of a glorious failure.
|
||||
|
||||
The nice thing about that was that was hand built. You can’t really build a modern Raspberry Pi by hand. But this one was primitive enough that you could actually solder it together and I soldered it together in a week. And it was a nice little toy.
|
||||
|
||||
After I’d been at university for a decade of so, I went to work for a company called Broadcom, which is based in southern California but has a big office in Cambridge. They make cellphone chips. And we realized that cell phone chips are quite a good fit. They’re quite a good platform for building a Pi-like device, since they have a lot of graphics performance.
|
||||
|
||||
I built a prototype based on that, based on a Broadcom dev kit. And that was much more powerful, much more capable, again at the same price point. But the challenge we had with that was that it was really a custom environment. It wasn’t a standards based platform.
|
||||
|
||||
We were writing our own SD card drivers, our own file system, our own text editor. You find yourself doing a lot of basic work and although you end up with a platform which is powerful and programmable, it's completely nonstandard [and] completely unlike any other machine. You don’t get to leverage any of the work that’s already been done by people on desktop platforms. That was prototype two.
|
||||
|
||||
The real breakthrough for us was with prototype three. We got hold of another chip from Broadcom which had an ARM processor which was able to run standard Linux. That was really the point where we realized we had something that met all our goals. And that was the product we went to market with.
|
||||
|
||||
### Hacking The Next Generation Of Hackers ###
|
||||
|
||||
**RW:** Kids as young as eight have built projects using the Raspberry Pi. Did you intend that, or did it take you by surprise?
|
||||
|
||||
**EU:** Eight is a good age. I think everyone defines the right age as being the age when they started programming. I was eight when I started programming. To some extent, all a child needs is to be old enough to have the relevant suite of cognitive skills, kind of problem solving type skills. A little bit of math maybe, at school.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To be old enough to be able to plan activities—programming is the ultimate planned activity. You need to have the mental equipment to do that. By the age of eight, a lot of children are quite mature in their way of thinking. You also need mechanical dexterity; another challenge that younger children have is the lack of mechanical dexterity required to use a keyboard.
|
||||
|
||||
So eight’s a great age. You’ve got the physical equipment, the mental equipment, and you’re still at that point in your life where you’re able to learn new things very easily. Your brain’s very plastic, you’re able to learn languages....
|
||||
|
||||
I mean, if you want a child to learn French, start teaching them at eight, don’t start teaching them at 16. One of the weaknesses we have historically in our formal teaching of computing is we start people incredibly late, and then are surprised when people have difficulty picking up the concepts. So I think the younger you can get them the better and eight is a fantastic age. Eight, 10, 12—12 is maybe a little bit late.
|
||||
|
||||
Our foundation CEO, [Lance][3] [Howarth], is particularly passionate about primary education. He really perceives a real opportunity there to do something quite special.
|
||||
|
||||
**RW:** So that was an intention of the Raspberry Pi, to get really young kids programming?
|
||||
|
||||
**EU:** I think we’ve always thought that young kids could do programming just by example. But the intention of the Raspberry Pi was to make this thing available and just see who buys it. We always believed that at least a subset of young children would find it exciting. Now we have the breadth and scale to get it to young kids with support.
|
||||
|
||||
There’s a big difference between [just] making a platform like Raspberry Pi available and offering support for it. I think if you just make it available, you’ll find one percent of eight-year-olds will be the one percent who love that sort of thing and will get into it, regardless of how much or how little support you give them.
|
||||
|
||||
I think the real opportunity for the foundation right now is that, since we can afford to pay for the development of educational material, we can afford to advocate for good training for teachers throughout this. There’s an opportunity to get more than one percent. There’s an opportunity to reach the bright kids who don’t quite have the natural inclination to personally tackle complicated technical tasks. If you give them good teaching and compelling material that’s relevant and interesting to them, you can reach ten percent, twenty percent, fifty percent, many more.
|
||||
|
||||
We look back to the 1980s as this golden era [of learning to program], and in practice, only a very few percent of people were learning to program to any great degree. Most people could probably write a couple of lines. But doing any significant programming was still rare.
|
||||
|
||||
I think the real opportunity for us now, because we can intervene on the material and teacher training levels, we can potentially blow past where we were in the 1980s. There’s much more participation, there’s much more gender equality. Programming was largely a boy’s activity in the 1980s, and that’s now reflected in the makeup of our engineering community. I think there’s a real opportunity to get more girls programming computers. That’s the lowest of low hanging fruit. If we do that, we instantly double the number of people.
|
||||
|
||||
There are a lot of opportunities and I think the most satisfying thing for Pi is we’re kind of at the scale where we can start to attack some of them.
|
||||
|
||||
### Pi For Everyone ###
|
||||
|
||||
**RW:** What does that say to you about the potential demand for DIY projects like the Pi? Are we all going to be DIY hackers one day?
|
||||
|
||||
**EU:** Yeah, I mean, that’s the thing. There is an enormous demand for it. And I think that there is a tie to the maker community. The maker community is much more developed in American than it is in the UK. We do have maker fairs and hackerspaces now, but it’s probably five years behind where it is in the U.S.
|
||||
|
||||
So one thing we found when we started talking about Raspberry Pi, when it started getting international attention, we found we were launching into this very well established community of people who like doing all sorts of DIY activity: knitting, or, you know, woodworking.
|
||||
|
||||
So that’s one of the things that led to that surprise increase in volume for the Pi. Makers who see it as a component they can use to build their projects. Which is great!
|
||||
|
||||
**RW:** What do you think about the emergence of mainstream hardware-hacking culture?
|
||||
|
||||
**EU:** I mean, it’s fantastic, right? It’s something we would never have predicted on the software engineering front. I’ve come to this stuff from a software background, so the fact that most of the cool stuff people do with the Raspberry Pi is hardware related is surprising to me. It’s not surprising to me anymore, but it was surprising to me originally.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I think it’s a very positive trend, for all sorts of reasons. It’s positive because it provides children with relevant experiences. In my mind, moving pixels around on the screen is still cool, but in reality, it’s much less cool than it was in the 1980s. I think moving objects around in the world, like robots, is what’s cool for kids now.
|
||||
|
||||
When you get more relevance, you attract more girls. There’s a really insidious tendency to try and design activities for girls around tech, and it actually isn’t about girls. It’s about appealing to a broader audience.
|
||||
|
||||
There is this tiny segment—I’ve talked about the one percent, the kids who find the abstract computer programming exciting. “Let’s learn about variables!” And I was one of those kids. But that’s only a small number of people, and it seems to be boys, more often. I don’t know whether that’s a cultural thing or what but it just seems to be the way the world is.
|
||||
|
||||
Quite often when people are talking about pursuing relevance in order to attract girls, it’s not about attracting girls at all. It’s about attracting anyone other than that tiny little sliver of boys. You’re not just attracting girls, you’re attracting all the other boys as well.
|
||||
|
||||
One of the wonderful things from an education standpoint is that part of actually doing stuff in the real world with a computer is automatically more relevant than just doing things on the computer itself. So it gives you a route to attract girls into the subject, it gives you a route to track more than one percent of boys into the subject.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s great not to be alone. It’s fantastic to be launching into this tidal wave of interest, of people doing stuff in the real world. I know a guy in southern California whose two hobbies are Pi hacking and making his own chainmail. It’s just a wonderful thing that people are doing that sort of stuff.
|
||||
|
||||
### Sharing The Pi ###
|
||||
|
||||
**RW:** Can you give me an example of the sort of “relevant” projects that attract more than the one percent?
|
||||
|
||||
**EU:** The whole broad area of robotics is one. There are just vast numbers of people using the Pi as a base to make little robots that run around and do stuff, particularly now that we have the camera module, which acts as kind of computer vision.
|
||||
|
||||
I think other camera-based projects as well tend to get a lot of play. People doing wildlife photography type things, people doing time lapse photography, a wide range of stuff because we have this $25 camera module, and an infrared version so you can do nighttime animal photography—writing scripts to take pictures at night and save away the ones that have some motion in them. So those ones are nice.
|
||||
|
||||
I’m particularly fond of anything that has to do with high altitude ballooning. Environmental monitoring—there are some high school kids in the UK who did an IndieGoGo called [AirPi][4], which is a pollution monitoring shield that would sit on top of the Pi. So lots of those things that let you do physics or chemistry or biology using the Pi—those are the things that I think have relevance. Those are the things that are much easier to justify to the bulk of kids as a thing that’s worth paying attention to.
|
||||
|
||||
**RW:** When will we be seeing a Raspberry Pi Model C?
|
||||
|
||||
**EU:** We have no plans at the moment. We are mostly doing software work at the moment. I think we’ve discovered that there is a large amount of performance gain available by nickel and diming the software, buffing it a little bit.
|
||||
|
||||
If we go and make a Model C, we orphan 2.5 million people who are committed to the current platform. So I think we are, at least for now, pretty committed to trying to do software work because that helps all of those people who are in the field. We feel there is still significant performance gain available through software optimization.
|
||||
|
||||
Obviously, we’ll have to do something [about hardware] at some point. I don’t really known when. If we’re still shipping the Pi Model B in 2017, 2018, that would be bad. But I think we’re probably a year away from giving any serious consideration to what to do next.
|
||||
|
||||
**RW:** Lots of people are building projects using both the Pi and Arduino, the DIY electronics-hacking kit. Did you design Pi with kits like Arduino in mind?
|
||||
|
||||
**EU:** Not really, but we realized very early on there could sometimes be a tendency in the press to see us as a competitor to the Arduino. We were always skeptical, I think, as to whether that was really the case because I think the Pi and Arduino do different things and do them well.
|
||||
|
||||
We didn’t design it to work with the Arduino, but the Arduino is designed to work with a house PC. We make a great low power house PC for the Arduino. So yeah, it was just lucky, I guess.
|
||||
|
||||
**RW:** What do you use Raspberry Pi for at home? At work?
|
||||
|
||||
**EU:** At home, I use it as a media center; that’s a fairly common use of the Pi. It’s an interesting thing that you have people doing actual consumer electronics, using it as a piece of consumer electronics. And I’m certainly one of those.
|
||||
|
||||
I don’t have anywhere near as much time to play with it at work as I would like. Usually when I get a Pi at work it’s because I’m testing some new piece of software that I’ve commissioned. Mostly I’m just using it to check that the contractors I’ve paid to do work have done a good job.
|
||||
|
||||
I’m really hoping that I will get some more downtime over the next year. Sometimes it feels like, aside from the media center, I’ve been involved with making this fantastic toy, and because it’s been so successful I don’t get much time to play with it.
|
||||
|
||||
But it’s really gratifying to see how many people are having fun with it, to see it show up in different places. I understand we got mentioned on The Big Bang Theory, I need to track down the episode. It shows up in all these unusual places. It’s really nice to see how many people have taken it to heart and started doing stuff with it.
|
||||
|
||||
Eben Upton image courtesy of the Raspberry Pi Foundation; Raspberry Pi images by Flickr users [Johan Larsson][5], [Clive Darra][6], [Pete Sneekes][7], [Luca Sbardella][8] and [Ashley Basil][9]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/08/raspberry-pi-eben-upton-builders#awesm=~oBGnazhOCOfaUd
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://twitter.com/EbenUpton
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Micro
|
||||
[3]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/welcome-lance/
|
||||
[4]:http://airpi.es/
|
||||
[5]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/johanl/8384790662
|
||||
[6]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/osde-info/8626662243
|
||||
[7]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/p8/7950485168
|
||||
[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/sbardella/7473604878
|
||||
[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/28438417@N08/8006786385/in/photolist-dcwSD8-d8PKa3-bmosVm-bmosWG-bz3YJF-e8NRQD-btyqN1-dorXrE-hTF7id-hTF7jL-hTF4mJ-hTF4jj-hTF4q1-hTF7jA-hTF7gj-gKRLrn-ftALdo-c7Qnjs-c7Qnyh-c7QmZj-c7QnY1-c7QmNY-cu8zs3-cu8BWm-cu8u5S-cu8yC3-cu8DBN-cu8wRq-cu8xNL-cu8CJj-cu8tss-cu8BcG-cu8uVL-cu8AoW-hTF7dU-hTEzCr-hTFBCp-hTFBvR-hTFBBH-hTF4hA-hTF7c1-hTEzza-hTFBM2-cdtf1b-bz7n87-gKQSJ7-gKQUko-ds8x8q-dqweVP-cVwvJq
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
|
||||
** Linchenguang is translating this essay
|
||||
===============================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Collectl: An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
The most important duty of a Linux system administrator is to make sure the system he/she is administering is in a very good condition. There are many tools available for a Linux system admins that can help to monitor and display processes in a system such as top and htop, but none of these tools can compete with **collectl**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**collectl** is a very nice feature rich command-line utility that can be used to collect performance data that describes the current system status. Unlike most of the other monitoring tools, collectl does not focus in a limited number of system metrics, instead it can gather information on many different types of system resources such as cpu, disk, memory, network, sockets, tcp, inodes, infiniband, lustre, memory, nfs, processes, quadrics, slabs and buddyinfo.
|
||||
|
||||
A very good thing about using **collectl** is that it can also play the role of utilities that are designed with only a specific purpose such as top, ps, iotop and many others. What are some features that make **colleclt** a useful tool?
|
||||
|
||||
After doing a lot of research I have compiled a list with some of the most important features of the collectl command-line utility for you guys.
|
||||
|
||||
### Collectl Features ###
|
||||
|
||||
- It can run interactively, as a daemon or both.
|
||||
- It can display the output in many formats.
|
||||
- It has the ability to monitor almost any subsystem.
|
||||
- It can play the role of many other utilities such as ps, top, iotop, vmstat.
|
||||
- It has the ability to record and playback the captured data.
|
||||
- It can export the data in various file formats. (this is very useful when you want to analyse the data with external tools).
|
||||
- It can run as a service to monitor remote machines or an entire server cluster.
|
||||
- It can display the data in the terminal, write to a file or a socket.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Install collectl in Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
The **collectl** utility runs on all Linux distributions, the only thing it requires to run is perl, so make sure that you have **Perl** installed in your machine before installing collectl in your machine.
|
||||
|
||||
#### On Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint ####
|
||||
|
||||
The following command can be used to install the collectl utility in Debian based machines such as Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
#### On Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint ####
|
||||
|
||||
The following command can be used to install the collectl utility in Debian based machines such as Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install collectl
|
||||
|
||||
#### On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora ####
|
||||
|
||||
If you are using Red Hat based distro, you can easily grab it from the repos with the yum command.
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install collectl
|
||||
|
||||
### Some Practical Examples Of The collectl Utility ###
|
||||
|
||||
Once the installation of the collectl tool is finished, you can easily run it from the terminal, even without any option. The following command will display information on cpu, disk and network stats in a very short and human readable format.
|
||||
|
||||
# collectl
|
||||
|
||||
waiting for 1 second sample...
|
||||
#
|
||||
#cpu sys inter ctxsw KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes KBIn PktIn KBOut PktOut
|
||||
13 5 790 1322 0 0 92 7 4 13 0 5
|
||||
10 2 719 1186 0 0 0 0 3 9 0 4
|
||||
12 0 753 1188 0 0 52 3 2 5 0 6
|
||||
13 2 733 1063 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
|
||||
25 2 834 1375 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
|
||||
28 2 870 1424 0 0 36 7 1 1 0 1
|
||||
19 3 949 2271 0 0 44 3 1 1 0 1
|
||||
17 2 809 1384 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 6
|
||||
16 2 732 1348 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
|
||||
22 4 993 1615 0 0 56 3 1 2 0 3
|
||||
|
||||
As you guys can see from the above output displayed in the terminal screen, it is very easy to work with the system metrics values present in the command output because it appears on a single line.
|
||||
|
||||
When the collectl utility is executed without any option it displays information about the following subsystems:
|
||||
|
||||
- cpu
|
||||
- disks
|
||||
- network
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: In our case, a subsystem is every type of a system resource that can be measured.
|
||||
|
||||
You can also display statistics for all subsystems except slabs by combining the command with the **–all** option like shown below.
|
||||
|
||||
# collectl --all
|
||||
|
||||
waiting for 1 second sample...
|
||||
#
|
||||
#cpu sys inter ctxsw Cpu0 Cpu1 Free Buff Cach Inac Slab Map Fragments KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes KBIn PktIn KBOut PktOut IP Tcp Udp Icmp Tcp Udp Raw Frag Handle Inodes Reads Writes Meta Comm
|
||||
16 3 817 1542 430 390 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G nsslkjjebbk 0 0 24 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 623 0 0 0 8160 240829 0 0 0 0
|
||||
11 1 745 1324 316 426 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G nsslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0
|
||||
15 2 793 1683 371 424 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240829 0 0 0 0
|
||||
16 2 872 1875 427 446 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 24 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0
|
||||
24 2 842 1383 473 368 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 168 6 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0
|
||||
27 3 844 1099 478 365 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G nsslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 1 6 1 9 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0
|
||||
26 5 823 1238 396 428 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 2 11 3 9 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0
|
||||
15 1 753 1276 361 391 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 40 3 1 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 623 0 0 0 8160 240829 0 0 0 0
|
||||
|
||||
But, how do you monitor the cpu usage with the help of the utility? The ‘-s‘ option should be used to controls which subsystem data is to be collected or played back.
|
||||
|
||||
For example the following command can be used to monitor the summary of the cpu usage.
|
||||
|
||||
# collectl -sc
|
||||
|
||||
waiting for 1 second sample...
|
||||
#
|
||||
#cpu sys inter ctxsw
|
||||
15 2 749 1155
|
||||
16 3 772 1445
|
||||
14 2 793 1247
|
||||
27 4 887 1292
|
||||
24 1 796 1258
|
||||
16 1 743 1113
|
||||
15 1 743 1179
|
||||
14 1 706 1078
|
||||
15 1 764 1268
|
||||
|
||||
What happens when you combine the command with “**scdn**“? The best way to learn how to use command-line tools is to practice as much as possible, so run the following command in your terminal and see what is going to happen.
|
||||
|
||||
# collectl -scdn
|
||||
|
||||
waiting for 1 second sample...
|
||||
#
|
||||
#cpu sys inter ctxsw KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes KBIn PktIn KBOut PktOut
|
||||
25 4 943 3333 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2
|
||||
27 3 825 2910 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
|
||||
27 5 886 2531 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
|
||||
20 4 872 2406 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
|
||||
26 1 854 2091 0 0 20 2 1 1 0 1
|
||||
39 4 1004 3398 0 0 0 0 2 8 3 6
|
||||
41 6 955 2464 0 0 40 3 1 2 0 3
|
||||
25 7 890 1609 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
|
||||
16 2 814 1165 0 0 796 43 2 2 0 2
|
||||
14 1 779 1383 0 0 48 6 1 1 0 1
|
||||
11 2 795 1285 0 0 0 0 2 14 1 14
|
||||
|
||||
You can easily understand that the default option is “**cdn**“, it stands for cpu, disks and network data. The result of the command is the same with the output of “**collectl -scn**“
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to collect data about the memory, use the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
# collectl -sm
|
||||
|
||||
waiting for 1 second sample...
|
||||
#
|
||||
#Free Buff Cach Inac Slab Map
|
||||
1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G
|
||||
1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G
|
||||
1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G
|
||||
1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G
|
||||
1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G
|
||||
1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G
|
||||
1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G
|
||||
1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G
|
||||
|
||||
The above output is very useful when you want to get some detailed information on your memory usage, free memory and other important stuff for the performance of your system.
|
||||
|
||||
How about some data on tcp? Use the following command to do it.
|
||||
|
||||
# collectl -st
|
||||
|
||||
waiting for 1 second sample...
|
||||
#
|
||||
# IP Tcp Udp Icmp
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
|
||||
After you have gained some experience you can easily combine options to get the results you want. For example you can combine the “**t**” for tcp and “**c**” for cpu. The following command does that.
|
||||
|
||||
# collectl -stc
|
||||
|
||||
waiting for 1 second sample...
|
||||
#
|
||||
#cpu sys inter ctxsw IP Tcp Udp Icmp
|
||||
23 8 961 3136 0 0 0 0
|
||||
24 5 916 3662 0 0 0 0
|
||||
21 8 848 2408 0 0 0 0
|
||||
30 10 916 2674 0 0 0 0
|
||||
38 3 826 1752 0 0 0 0
|
||||
31 3 820 1408 0 0 0 0
|
||||
15 5 781 1335 0 0 0 0
|
||||
17 3 802 1314 0 0 0 0
|
||||
17 3 755 1218 0 0 0 0
|
||||
14 2 788 1321 0 0 0 0
|
||||
|
||||
It is hard for us humans to remember all the available options so I am posting the summary list of subsystems supported by the tool.
|
||||
|
||||
- **b** – buddy info (memory fragmentation)
|
||||
- **c** – CPU
|
||||
- **d** – Disk
|
||||
- **f** – NFS V3 Data
|
||||
- **i** – Inode and File System
|
||||
- **j** – Interrupts
|
||||
- **l** – Lustre
|
||||
- **m** – Memory
|
||||
- **n** – Networks
|
||||
- **s** – Sockets
|
||||
- **t** – TCP
|
||||
- **x** – Interconnect
|
||||
- **y** – Slabs (system object caches)
|
||||
|
||||
A very important piece of data for a system administrator or a Linux user is the data collected on disk usage. The following command will help you to monitor the disk usage.
|
||||
|
||||
# collectl -sd
|
||||
|
||||
waiting for 1 second sample...
|
||||
#
|
||||
#KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 92 7
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 36 3
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
0 0 100 7
|
||||
0 0 0 0
|
||||
|
||||
You can also use the “**-sD**” option to collect data on individual disks, but you have to know that information on total disks will not be reported.
|
||||
|
||||
# collectl -sD
|
||||
|
||||
waiting for 1 second sample...
|
||||
|
||||
# DISK STATISTICS (/sec)
|
||||
# Pct
|
||||
#Name KBytes Merged IOs Size KBytes Merged IOs Size RWSize QLen Wait SvcTim Util
|
||||
sda 0 0 0 0 52 11 2 26 26 1 8 8 1
|
||||
sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
|
||||
sda 0 0 0 0 24 0 2 12 12 0 0 0 0
|
||||
sda 0 0 0 0 152 0 4 38 38 0 0 0 0
|
||||
sda 0 0 0 0 192 45 3 64 64 1 20 20 5
|
||||
sda 0 0 0 0 204 0 2 102 102 0 0 0 0
|
||||
sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
|
||||
sda 0 0 0 0 116 26 3 39 38 1 16 16 4
|
||||
sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
|
||||
sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
|
||||
sda 0 0 0 0 32 5 3 11 10 1 16 16 4
|
||||
sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
|
||||
|
||||
You can also use other detail subsystems to collect detailed data. The following is a list of the detail subsystems.
|
||||
|
||||
- **C** – CPU
|
||||
- **D** – Disk
|
||||
- **E** – Environmental data (fan, power, temp), via ipmitool
|
||||
- **F** – NFS Data
|
||||
- **J** – Interrupts
|
||||
- **L** – Lustre OST detail OR client Filesystem detail
|
||||
- **N** – Networks
|
||||
- **T** – 65 TCP counters only available in plot format
|
||||
- **X** – Interconnect
|
||||
- **Y** – Slabs (system object caches)
|
||||
- **Z** – Processes
|
||||
|
||||
There are many available options in the collectl utility, but there is not enough time and space to cover them all in only one article. However it is worth mentioning and teaching how to use the utility as **top** and **ps**.
|
||||
|
||||
It is very easy to make collectl work as the top utility, just run the following command in your terminal and you will see the similar output the **top** tool gives you when it is executed in your Linux system.
|
||||
|
||||
# collectl --top
|
||||
|
||||
# TOP PROCESSES sorted by time (counters are /sec) 13:11:02
|
||||
# PID User PR PPID THRD S VSZ RSS CP SysT UsrT Pct AccuTime RKB WKB MajF MinF Command
|
||||
^COuch!tecmint 20 1 40 R 1G 626M 0 0.01 0.14 15 28:48.24 0 0 0 109 /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
|
||||
3403 tecmint 20 1 40 R 1G 626M 1 0.00 0.20 20 28:48.44 0 0 0 600 /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
|
||||
5851 tecmint 20 4666 0 R 17M 13M 0 0.02 0.06 8 00:01.28 0 0 0 0 /usr/bin/perl
|
||||
1682 root 20 1666 2 R 211M 55M 1 0.02 0.01 3 03:10.24 0 0 0 95 /usr/bin/X
|
||||
3454 tecmint 20 3403 8 S 216M 45M 1 0.01 0.02 3 01:23.32 0 0 0 0 /usr/lib/firefox/plugin-container
|
||||
4658 tecmint 20 4657 3 S 207M 17M 1 0.00 0.02 2 00:08.23 0 0 0 142 gnome-terminal
|
||||
2890 tecmint 20 2571 3 S 340M 68M 0 0.00 0.01 1 01:19.95 0 0 0 0 compiz
|
||||
3521 tecmint 20 1 24 S 710M 148M 1 0.01 0.00 1 01:47.84 0 0 0 0 skype
|
||||
1 root 20 0 0 S 3M 2M 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.57 0 0 0 0 /sbin/init
|
||||
2 root 20 0 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kthreadd
|
||||
3 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.60 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/0
|
||||
5 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/0:0H
|
||||
7 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/u:0H
|
||||
8 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:04.42 0 0 0 0 migration/0
|
||||
9 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 rcu_bh
|
||||
10 root 20 2 0 R 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.22 0 0 0 0 rcu_sched
|
||||
11 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.05 0 0 0 0 watchdog/0
|
||||
12 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.07 0 0 0 0 watchdog/1
|
||||
13 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.73 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/1
|
||||
14 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:01.96 0 0 0 0 migration/1
|
||||
16 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/1:0H
|
||||
17 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 cpuset
|
||||
|
||||
And now last but not least, to use the collectl utility as the ps tool run the following command in your terminal. You will get information about processes in your system the same way as you do when you run the “**ps**” command in your terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
# collectl -c1 -sZ -i:1
|
||||
|
||||
waiting for 1 second sample...
|
||||
|
||||
### RECORD 1 >>> tecmint-vgn-z13gn <<< (1397979716.001) (Sun Apr 20 13:11:56 2014) ###
|
||||
|
||||
# PROCESS SUMMARY (counters are /sec)
|
||||
# PID User PR PPID THRD S VSZ RSS CP SysT UsrT Pct AccuTime RKB WKB MajF MinF Command
|
||||
1 root 20 0 0 S 3M 2M 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.57 0 0 0 0 /sbin/init
|
||||
2 root 20 0 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kthreadd
|
||||
3 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.60 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/0
|
||||
5 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/0:0H
|
||||
7 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/u:0H
|
||||
8 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:04.42 0 0 0 0 migration/0
|
||||
9 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 rcu_bh
|
||||
10 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.24 0 0 0 0 rcu_sched
|
||||
11 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.05 0 0 0 0 watchdog/0
|
||||
12 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.07 0 0 0 0 watchdog/1
|
||||
13 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.73 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/1
|
||||
14 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:01.96 0 0 0 0 migration/1
|
||||
16 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/1:0H
|
||||
17 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 cpuset
|
||||
18 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 khelper
|
||||
19 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kdevtmpfs
|
||||
20 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 netns
|
||||
21 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 bdi-default
|
||||
22 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kintegrityd
|
||||
|
||||
I am very sure that many Linux system administrators will like this tool and will feel its power when using it to the fullest. If you like to advance your knowledge about collectl to the next level refer to its manual pages and keep practicing.
|
||||
|
||||
Just type the following command in your terminal and start reading.
|
||||
|
||||
# man collectl
|
||||
|
||||
### Reference Links ###
|
||||
|
||||
- [collectl Homepage][1]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/linux-performance-monitoring-with-collectl-tool/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://collectl.sourceforge.net/index.html
|
||||
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
|
||||
zpl1025 translating
|
||||
File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Encryption ensures that files are stored in an encrypted form whether you are transmitting it over the Internet, backing it up on a server, carrying it on USB or on your laptop. Encrypting your data makes it unreadable to anyone but you or intended recipient, thus preventing unwanted access to it.
|
||||
|
||||
### GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) ###
|
||||
|
||||
GPG stands for GNU Privacy Guard. It is a key-based encryption method which means that a pair of keys is used to encrypt and decrypt a message so that it arrives securely. Initially, a user receives a public and a private key pair from a certificate authority. Any other user who wants to send an encrypted message can get the intended recipient's public key from the public directory. They use this key to encrypt the message, and then send it to the recipient. When the recipient gets the message, they decrypt it with their private key, which no one else should have an access to.
|
||||
|
||||
### GPG gives you the public key and the private key. ###
|
||||
|
||||
A public key is a key that you share with the public. It can be given to anyone you wish to received encrypted messages from. They would encrypt the message with your public key. They cannot decrypt their own message after they encrypt it. Only you, who hold the private key, can decrypt the message. A private key is your own personal password. Your private key will be used to decrypt messages encrypted in your public key, If you give someone your private key he can decrypt and read all your messages written in your public key.
|
||||
|
||||
### Using GPG from the terminal ###
|
||||
|
||||
Today most Linux distributions include GPG by default. To find out if this is the case, open up a terminal and type:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --version
|
||||
|
||||
You should get version number. If so, you don't need to do anything, if not you can install GPG from your distribution's repositories.
|
||||
|
||||
### Key Generation ###
|
||||
|
||||
To use GPG to encrypt your communications, you need to create a key pair. Launch your terminal and run the following command to get started:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --gen-key
|
||||
|
||||
You will be prompted back with the following:
|
||||
|
||||
Please select what kind of key you want:
|
||||
(1) DSA and Elgamal (default)
|
||||
(2) DSA (sign only)
|
||||
(5) RSA (sign only)
|
||||
Your selection?
|
||||
|
||||
Select number 1, as it can be used for encryption and decryption, the second and third choices are only allowed to sign messages. To do so, press the number 1, and then press Enter.
|
||||
|
||||
You then will be prompted with the following:
|
||||
|
||||
1 DSA key-pair will have 1024 bits.
|
||||
2 ELG-E keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
|
||||
3 What key-size do you want? (2048)
|
||||
|
||||
You will want to enter "2048" here, as recommended by GPG. If you don't want your key to expire (for the next prompt, select 0). Answer Yes if the information is correct, when prompted, and then enter your real name, your email address, and a comment (which is optional). If everything is correct, press "o" (for OK) and then Enter.
|
||||
|
||||
After that, you will be asked to enter a pass-phrase. This process will be repeated. As usual, make a strong password which will be difficult to crack. Do not enter a name/address/birth date or word from a dictionary as your password.
|
||||
|
||||
After entering your pass-phrase, follow the instructions in the terminal: We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the disk) during the prime generation; this gives the random number generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
|
||||
|
||||
When you have successfully finished generating your key, you will see a message similar to the following one: gpg: key 083C39A4 marked as ultimately trusted. public and secret key created and signed.
|
||||
|
||||
### Key Servers ###
|
||||
|
||||
Key servers are used to distribute your public key to other key servers so that other users can easily look up your name (or the e-mail address) in the database and find your public key to send encrypted messages to you. This eliminates the process of physically or insecurely giving your friend your public key, and allows others to be able to find you on the on-line database.
|
||||
|
||||
Uploading your public key to the key server:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --send-keys --keyserver [keyservers.address.com] [yourpublicid]
|
||||
|
||||
You should replace keyservers.address.com with key server of your choice (or use mit.edu which syncs it with other servers) also replace yourpublicid with yours. In the end it would look as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --send-keys --keyserver hkp://pgp.mit.edu 083C39A4
|
||||
|
||||
### To Encrypt a File ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you wish to encrypt a file for your friend with his public key, run the command in the following format:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg -o encrypted_file.gpg --encrypt -r key-id original.file
|
||||
|
||||
Explanation:
|
||||
|
||||
-o encrypted_file.gpg = Output to the following filename.
|
||||
--encrypt = Encrypting a file
|
||||
-r = Recipient. KEY-ID would be your friends KEY-ID here.
|
||||
original.file = The file that you will be encrypting.
|
||||
|
||||
### To Decrypt a File ###
|
||||
|
||||
If someone has sent you a file that has been encrypted with your public key, you can decrypt it with following command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --decrypt filename.gpg
|
||||
|
||||
### Symmetric Encryption ###
|
||||
|
||||
With GPG you can do a symmetric encryption where you encrypt a file with a pass-phrase. This is not a key based encryption. In symmetric cryptography, the same key is used for both encryption and decryption. This approach is simpler in dealing with each message, but it is less secure since the key must be communicated to recipient. To encrypt a file with a pass-phrase, use:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg -c filename.txt
|
||||
|
||||
To decrypt this type of file, just use:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg filename.txt
|
||||
|
||||
You will be prompted for the pass-phrase and it will decrypt the file.
|
||||
|
||||
### Clearsign a Document ###
|
||||
|
||||
Clearsigning is very similar to adding your signature to the bottom of a letter or an important document. It signifies that it actually comes from you. By clearsigning, it generates a SHA1 hash of the entire file's contents and adds the SHA1 sum to the bottom of the signature. If the file has been tampered with, the signature verification will fail, which can be used to spot the forgery. If the user edits the file after it has been signed, the verification of the signature will also fail, because the SHA1 sum will not match the one of the actual content.
|
||||
|
||||
To clearsign a document or file, run the following:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --clearsign filename.txt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Generating Revocation Key ###
|
||||
|
||||
A revocation key is used to revoke your public key if your private key has been compromised in any way, or you suspect that it may be compromised. To create a revocation key, run the command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --output revoke.asc --gen-revoke keyid
|
||||
|
||||
Keep the revocation key in a safe place, anyone who gets a hold of it can use it to disable your key. (You could use symmetric encryption on your revocation file.)
|
||||
|
||||
### Tips for using GPG from terminal ###
|
||||
|
||||
To list the Keys you have imported into GPG, you can issue the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --list-keys
|
||||
|
||||
A list of the keys registered with your e-mail should appear (and since there should be only one, it will only list your key.) Then, you can obtain your KEY-ID and run the command above in order to submit it to the key servers.
|
||||
|
||||
To display the private or public keys on your key ring
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --list-public-keys # will list public keys
|
||||
$ gpg --list-secret-keys # will lists private keys
|
||||
|
||||
### Importing Keys ###
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --import KEYFILE
|
||||
|
||||
Keyfile would be the filename of the public key in your home folder. (If it is not in your home folder, use the cd command to go to the proper directory first, and then run the above command.)
|
||||
|
||||
### Exporting your Public Key ###
|
||||
|
||||
To export your public key in the ASCII Armored fashion, run the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --export -a > publickey.asc
|
||||
|
||||
\* * * * *
|
||||
### About Richard White ###
|
||||
|
||||
Richard is technology enthusiast, on more than one occasion he was called a geek, he is also the author of three books, his most recent, Privacy in Digital Era is forthcoming in hardcover in May 2014. He is also the head editor and the driving force behind Digital Era website. The purpose of Digital Era is to present and give resources and tools to achieve and maintain anonymity, security and privacy. Richard regularly writes about privacy related issues and is hard at work on The Art of CLI, a collection of command line, open-source software. For [more information][1] on GNU Privacy Guard works and how to use graphical front-ends to the GPG software, you can find further reading on White's Digital Era website.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20140407
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://digital-era.net/gpa-gnu-privacy-assistant/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
|
||||
How To Disable Unity Online Search Feature On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS And Older Versions
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Whenever, you start typing in Unity Dash to search for an application or a file in your computer, your search terms will be automatically sent to third parties such as Amazon, and the third parties will display the relevant results (mostly ads) depending upon your search terms. If you don’t like this feature and feel this is really annoying to you, you can disable it.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, when I type Terminal in the Unity Dash, It displays the Terminal application, and other third party junks(which I don’t want always) from the web.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
As you see in the above screenshot, Unity displays the built-in **Terminal** application, reference links, weather links and other third party suggestions such as movies etc. This is very annoying and looks bad on Unity Dash. Also, it displays too many search results, and confuse me.
|
||||
|
||||
If you don’t need this feature like me, enter the following command in your Terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
wget -q -O - https://fixubuntu.com/fixubuntu.sh | bash
|
||||
|
||||
The contents of the script is given below:
|
||||
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
GS="/usr/bin/gsettings"
|
||||
CCUL="com.canonical.Unity.lenses"
|
||||
|
||||
# Figure out the version of Ubuntu that you're running
|
||||
V=`/usr/bin/lsb_release -rs`
|
||||
# The privacy problems started with 12.10, so earlier versions should do nothing
|
||||
if awk "BEGIN {exit !($V < 12.10 || $V >= 14.10)}"; then
|
||||
echo "Good news! This version of Ubuntu is not known to invade your privacy."
|
||||
else
|
||||
|
||||
# Check Canonical schema is present. Take first match, ignoring case.
|
||||
SCHEMA="`$GS list-schemas | grep -i $CCUL | head -1`"
|
||||
if [ -z "$SCHEMA" ]
|
||||
then
|
||||
printf "Error: could not find Canonical schema %s.\n" "$CCUL" 1>&2
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
else
|
||||
CCUL="$SCHEMA"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Turn off "Remote Search", so search terms in Dash don't get sent to the internet
|
||||
$GS set $CCUL remote-content-search none
|
||||
|
||||
# If you're using earlier than 13.10, uninstall unity-lens-shopping
|
||||
if [ $V \< 13.10 ]; then
|
||||
sudo apt-get remove -y unity-lens-shopping
|
||||
|
||||
# If you're using a later version, disable remote scopes
|
||||
else
|
||||
$GS set $CCUL disabled-scopes \
|
||||
"['more_suggestions-amazon.scope', 'more_suggestions-u1ms.scope',
|
||||
'more_suggestions-populartracks.scope', 'music-musicstore.scope',
|
||||
'more_suggestions-ebay.scope', 'more_suggestions-ubuntushop.scope',
|
||||
'more_suggestions-skimlinks.scope']"
|
||||
fi;
|
||||
|
||||
# Block connections to Ubuntu's ad server, just in case
|
||||
if ! grep -q "127.0.0.1 productsearch.ubuntu.com" /etc/hosts; then
|
||||
echo -e "\n127.0.0.1 productsearch.ubuntu.com" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts >/dev/null
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
echo "All done. Enjoy your privacy."
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
Again, I entered Terminal on Unity dash. Now the unity displays only the Terminal application, not the other unwanted junks, and now Unity Dash looks good.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
All done. Enjoy your privacy.
|
||||
|
||||
Cheers!
|
||||
|
||||
**Update**: This trick is only for Unity desktop. If you use other DE’s such as Gnome, LXDE or XFCE, you don’t have to do this. Also, this online search feature will not be included in Ubuntu 14.10 and upcoming versions.
|
||||
|
||||
Source & Reference: [Fixubuntu][1]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/disable-unity-online-search-feature-ubuntu-14-04-lts-older-versions/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://fixubuntu.com/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
||||
How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Testing Ubuntu for phones is now even simpler with an application that is capable of installing the new operating system from Canonical without having to delete Android. Getting a dual boot system in place will perhaps turn the attention of even more users towards the new open source platform for mobiles and tablets.**
|
||||
|
||||
Canonical has a simple procedure explained on its website on how to install Ubuntu for phones, but that implies deleting Android and getting the new operating system in place. The Ubuntu developers have done a great job so far and the new OS is looking great, but if you decide to return to Android, you will need to delete Ubuntu and install Google’s OS. That means that you will have to set up the phone all over again, which can be bothersome.
|
||||
|
||||
Fortunately, there is a solution for this problem and it's called [MultiROM Manager][1], an application developed by Vojtech Bocek. It's available on Google Play and will only work on Nexus 7 (2012 & 2013), Nexus 4, and Nexus 5.
|
||||
|
||||
On the other hand, Ubuntu Touch only works on Nexus 4 Phone (mako), Nexus 7 (2013) Tablet (flo), and Nexus 10 Tablet (manta), so unless you have one of these devices, you won't be able to safely do this procedure (it might work, but there are no guarantees and you might brick the device and/or lose all your data.)
|
||||
|
||||
First of all, you will need an unlocked phone, which shouldn't be a problem since you already have a Nexus device. You will also have to be root in Android so that you can install the operating system from inside the application itself.
|
||||
|
||||
A number of tools will be necessary for this work. First off all, you will need to install ADB (Android Debug Bridge), which is provided by Canonical along with some of its tools. You will have to run a few commands in a terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:phablet-team/tools
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-device-flash
|
||||
|
||||
Now, you will need to download two packages, [TWRP 2.7.0.0][2] and [SuperSU][3] binary, which will actually make you root. Copy the SuperSU binary zip to the phone's memory. Run this command to go to the bootloader:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo reboot bootloader
|
||||
|
||||
Unzip the TWRP files on your computer and install the images with the following command (replace recovery.img with the name of the file you have downloaded):
|
||||
|
||||
fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
|
||||
|
||||
Navigate from the bootloader menu to recovery and you will now have TWRP 2.7.0.0 in place. Run TWRP and install the SuperSU binary, followed by a reboot.
|
||||
|
||||
You now have root access in Android. Install MultiROM Manager, apply the patches, and download Ubuntu for phones. The application will ask for root access and the installation will go on smoothly. When you reboot you will be prompted with a small screen that allows you to choose what system you want to run. Choose Ubuntu and you are good to go.
|
||||
|
||||
Enjoy!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Hot-to-Dual-Boot-Android-4-4-2-and-Ubuntu-for-Phones-438840.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tassadar.multirommgr
|
||||
[2]:http://teamw.in/project/twrp2
|
||||
[3]:http://androidsu.com/superuser/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
|
||||
How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Do you never miss a new strip from xkcd? Read webcomics regularly? Or would you like to back up all the strips of your favorite website? Hopefully, the open source community has the solution: a command line program to download all your favorite webcomics from your terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
Before we begin, remember that you should keep these downloaded strips for your personal use, and not broadcast them without permission. If you really like an author's work, support the comic by donating or buying some of the merchandise.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Dosage on Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
The open source program to download webcomics is called [dosage][1]. There are a couple of ways to install this webcomic downloader on your machine since it is written in Python. Today we will go with an easy way.
|
||||
|
||||
First, you will need to [install pip][2]. Also, make sure that you have at least Python 2.7.0 or Python 3.3 installed. Then use pip to install dosage as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo pip install dosage
|
||||
|
||||
If pip cannot somehow find the package (like on Ubuntu 14.04), use the following command instead.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo pip install http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dist/dosage-2.13.tar.gz
|
||||
|
||||
dosage will automatically create a new folder called "Comics" in your home directory.
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic Usage of Dosage ###
|
||||
|
||||
dosage's basic usage can be described as follows. Using dosage, you can find webcomics in the database that you are interested in reading, download the strips, and easily fetch the latest strips as they come out. In a sense, you more or less subscribe to a webcomic, and dosage will take care of making sure that you never miss any unread strips.
|
||||
|
||||
To start downloading and reading offline your webcomics, begin by listing them with the command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -l
|
||||
|
||||
Right now, dosage has over 2000 comics in its database. My personal tip is if you are looking for a particular webcomic, use the syntax:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -l | grep [keyword]
|
||||
|
||||
It will then return all the comics with title containing [keyword].
|
||||
|
||||
Once you decided which comic you wanted to subscribe to from the list, use this command to subsribe to the comic:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage [name of the webcomic]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Subscribing to a comic will automatically create a folder in the "Comics" directory, and download the latest strip of that webcomic.
|
||||
|
||||
If instead of downloading just the latest strip, you are interested in all the issues, use this command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -a [name of the comic]
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, once you subscribed to a couple of webcomics, you can easily download the latest strip of all of them in one shot with the simple command below:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage @
|
||||
|
||||
If you never want to miss your daily comics for example, you should run this command every day.
|
||||
|
||||
### Advanced Usage of Dosage ###
|
||||
|
||||
Past the first day playing around with dosage, you might want to get the most out of it. It entails knowing a bit more about the command's syntax and shortcuts.
|
||||
|
||||
If you tried to download some xkcd strips, you might have noticed that dosage refuses with the message:
|
||||
|
||||
use the --adult option to confirm your age
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Because by default dosage will ignore any webcomic flagged for people over 18 (and for some reason xkcd is one of them). To bypass that, just do as it says:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage --adult xkcd
|
||||
|
||||
From a previous example, you may have noticed that the argument '@' is used to refer to all downloaded comics. A continuation is '@@' for all comics in dosage database.
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage @@
|
||||
|
||||
The above command will download the latest strip of every comic that dosage knows about.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to fetch the strips from the beginning of the series up to a particular day, you can do:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -a [name of the comic]:[year-month-day]
|
||||
|
||||
For example, to see all of Calvin and Hobbes' strips from 2014 until its creation, run:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -a calvinandhobbes:2014-01-01
|
||||
|
||||
Finally for all the developers out there who would like to do something of these strips for your personal use, dosage integrates the possibility of generating rss, json, and html log files while downloading strips:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -o [type] [name of the comic]
|
||||
|
||||
In the above command, [type] is either rss, json, or html, and [name of the comic] can also be just '@'. For example, the "html" argument will create a nice HTML code to see all the strips downloaded:
|
||||
|
||||
The command below will download all the strips for Calvin and Hobbes, and then spit out an HTML code to view in your web browser all the strips in a nice webpage format.
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -o html -a calvinandhobbes
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To conclude, I invite you to read the [manual page][3] for more information. dosage is a really neat tool, and I know that it will be of great use to any fans of webcomics out there. I'm very curious to know what can come out of the fancier options like creating a json file out of downloaded strips.
|
||||
|
||||
Do you have an alternative to dosage? Or are you actually a fan of the latter and use it regularly? Let us know in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/download-webcomics-command-line-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/
|
||||
[2]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html
|
||||
[3]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dosage.1.html
|
||||
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to speed read on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Have you heard of speed reading? Me neither. At least not before a startup called Spritz [raised 3.5 Millions][1] in seed money to develop an API that supposedly allows a user to read 1,000 words per minute.
|
||||
|
||||
The concept of speed reading is simple: slice a text into individual short segments, like a word or two, and flash these segments very quickly. The reader's eyes do not have to move at all during the process, sparing the time we normally need to skim a page. As this technology is brand new, there is no way to tell if your brain will explode or implode above that speed. No, apparently it is [safe to use][2] as your brain is fast enough to process the information. The API should become very handy once people get accustomed to it. Now if you are as excited as I am for this, but don't want to wait or prefer to get used to it now, good news: you can already try speed reading on your favorite OS today.
|
||||
|
||||
The following are three tools that allow you to speed read on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Spread0r ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Based on Perl and Gtk2, [spread0r][3] (previously called Gritz) is a GPL software that takes a text file as an input, and then flashes you the content at a speed up to 1,000 words per minute. You should however try something slower at first, just to get the hang of it. The interface is simple, nearly minimalist: launching the lecture, choosing the speed, quitting, etc. The software could use a bit of improvement. I would suggest starting by taking something else than just a text file as input (you can convert yourself though), and maybe also a “no-distract” mode? Anyway, it is still very cool.
|
||||
|
||||
You can try spread0r by downloading the sources from [github][4] and simply launching the "spread0r.pl" file. Note that you will need Gtk2 and Perl installed on your system first.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install libgtk2-perl (for Debian/Ubuntu)
|
||||
$ sudo pacman -S gtk2-perl (for Archlinux)
|
||||
$ sudo yum install perl-gtk2 (for Fedora)
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Spreed ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Aside from ebooks and word documents, the stuff I read the most on my computer are Internet articles (yes this is meta). However, it would really be a chore if I had to copy and paste what I want to read into a text editor, save it as a txt file, and then launch it in Spread0r. Hopefully, the Chrome extension [Spreed][5] is here to cope with that. After installing and enabling Spreed on your Chrome browser, you can just select the text you want to speed read, right-click on it, and choose "Spreed selected text." It will open a new window in which the words will be flashed to you. I like the integration with Chrome, and the level of thought which was put into the extension. You can, for example, select the color set of the windows, the number of words at a time, the font size, launch the lecture and pause it via the space bar, and even go above 4,000 words per minute (that's not speed reading anymore though, it's just staring).
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Squirt ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you liked the idea of speed reading from within your browser, but do not have Chrome, or do not like the idea of an extension, the solution is the bookmarklet [Squirt][6]. Despite the name which seems to come out of nowhere, Squirt is currently my favorite speed reading utility. It is efficient and easy to use. Add it from [here][7] by "drag'n'dropping" the big blue button into your favorite bar. You can then call it from any web page, after selecting some text or not, and a fancy white panel will overlay the page. You can control the lecture with intuitive shortcuts. The interface is beautiful, and it can also go above 4,000 words per minute.
|
||||
|
||||
### Bonus: Zethos ###
|
||||
|
||||
If none of the options mentioned so far pleases you, and you are a coder, then you will be happy to know that there exist a free and open source JS code called [Zethos][8] that you will be able to use in your own speed reading apps. You can check it out on [github][9], and bravo to its creator.
|
||||
|
||||
In conclusion, you have now no excuse to ignore speed reading on your favorite OS. Just try not to get your brain fried. Which one of these solutions do you prefer? Or do you have another one not mentioned here? Also do you really think that speed reading can develop in the future? Let us know in the comment.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/speed-read-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://techcrunch.com/2014/03/10/spritz-seed/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.spritzinc.com/faq/
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/xypiie/spread0r
|
||||
[4]:https://github.com/xypiie/spread0r
|
||||
[5]:https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/spreed-speed-read-the-web/ipikiaejjblmdopojhpejjmbedhlibno
|
||||
[6]:http://www.squirt.io/
|
||||
[7]:http://www.squirt.io/install.html
|
||||
[8]:http://zethos.zolmeister.com/
|
||||
[9]:https://github.com/Zolmeister/Zethos
|
||||
@@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ This application is quite useful for all sort of uses. Thumbnails and full lengt
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/take-full-length-screenshots-websites-via-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[VizV](https://github.com/vizv) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
|
||||
Install Terminator – Multiple GNOME terminals in one window
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Terminator is a program that allows users to set up flexible arrangements of GNOME terminals. It is aimed at those who normally arrange lots of terminals near each other, but don’t want to use a frame based window manager.
|
||||
|
||||
### Features ###
|
||||
|
||||
- Multiple Terminals in one window
|
||||
- Works with your default shell (Bash/zsh/etc)
|
||||
- Colored active and inactive terminal title backgrounds.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation ###
|
||||
|
||||
Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint/ Elementary OS:
|
||||
|
||||
% sudo apt-get install terminator
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Fig 1. Terminator on Linux Mint 16*
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora/Cent OS:
|
||||
|
||||
% sudo yum install terminator
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Fig 2. Terminator on Fedora 20*
|
||||
|
||||
See **$ man terminator** for more options and usage.
|
||||
|
||||
Enjoy!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-terminator-multiple-gnome-terminals-one-window/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Linux基础：Ubuntu磁盘状态分析
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
亲爱的**linux**Geek们，
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中，将教你们如何在Ubuntu中对磁盘使用情况进行分析。为了系统的健康，时常关心机器的硬盘，适当的运行一些分析是非常重要的，当然，运行这些分析是很容易的。为了完成分析，我们将使用一款非常棒的图形工具，名叫**Baobab**。
|
||||
|
||||
在进一步之前，我必须声明它是如此的使用简单，功能齐全，我确定它就是你想要的。Baobab是gnome-utils的一部分，但是自从Gnome3.4版本后，已经作为独立应用。通过使用这个磁盘分析工具，你可以轻松扫描文件夹，文件系统，不单是本地，远程目录一样可以轻松分析。
|
||||
|
||||
所有事只需一次点击！想要停止扫描？简单，看着baobab用户界面，轻点**Stop scanning**按钮，搞定。
|
||||
|
||||
我喜欢这个工具的简单性并且可以图形化表示数据，像饼状图和树形图。那么怎么样在我的机器安装和使用它呢？
|
||||
|
||||
据我所知，ubuntu已经默认安装，如果没有，打开一个新终端（**CTRL+ALT+T**）,然后运行下列命令来安装它。
|
||||
sudo apt-get install baobab
|
||||
|
||||
安装完毕后，会分类至**应用程序, 系统工具, 磁盘分析器**，或者，直接使用下列命令，在终端中运行baobab。
|
||||
|
||||
baobab
|
||||
|
||||
下列图片显示了当它在你的机器运行时长什么样。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如需扫描Home目录，点击**Scan Home**或者Analyzer->Scan Home Folder选项。完成扫描后，工具会做很多分析，享受这个分析吧！
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
正如上图所见，baobab扫描结果给我们了很多信息，包括Home中每一个文件夹的使用情况，大小，所拥有文件数。右边有一个饼状示意图。如果你喜欢，选择上方的**View as Treemap Chart**，你可以轻松地把它换成树状图。
|
||||
|
||||
下图显示的是，选择树状图代替默认的饼状图的例子。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如需扫描文件系统，选择Analyzer->Scan Filesystem,或者如果你是懒汉，还有一个更聪明的办法，快捷键**CTRL+F**。
|
||||
|
||||
选择你喜欢的方式，两个方法都会起效并做同样的扫描。快捷键的确易用省时，但是如果不是天天用这个工具，也很难同时记住所有快捷键。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如何扫描文件夹？简单！Analyzer-> Scan A Folder -> 选择你想要扫描的文件夹，快捷键是**CTRL+O**。是不是非常简单？是的！看见Scan a Folder按钮了吗？点击他扫描就开始了！
|
||||
|
||||
下图显示了扫描完python-nmap-0.1.4后的结果。得到了一个漂亮有用的信息列表。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你已经学会了扫描Home目录，文件系统和指定文件夹。这里还有个一个重要的功能，还没有告诉你，但是我确定你一定可以自己找到它。你是不是有远程文件夹需要扫描？发挥脑力吧！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-analyze-disk-usage-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vic___](http://www.vicyu.net) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
|
||||
相遇uGet，一个令人惊奇的Linux下载管理器
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
伟大的下载管理器在Linux平台并不常见，然而有一些令人惊奇的功能，uGet就是其中之一。
|
||||
|
||||
当人们在Linux平台谈论下载管理器，他们通常猜想这些是在终端上。大多数情况下他们是对的。大多数下载管理器在终端上运行并非常擅长他们所做的，但是一些时候你只需要一个友好的GUI。
|
||||
|
||||
[uGet][1]是非常强大的下载管理器，拥有许多功能，实际上这些功能是难以计数的。界面是由GTK+3构建，这意味着在多数Linux操作系统上看起来很好。
|
||||
|
||||
它还带有下载队列，也许可以恢复下载（如果服务器支持的话），剪切板监控，支持HTTP，HTTPS，FTP，BitTorrent，Metalink账号，批量下载，FTP登陆，调度器，Aria2插件，和我的个人收藏夹，断点续传（允许客户端多个时间连接同一台服务器并且在同一时间获取多个片段来增加速度）。
|
||||
|
||||
最妙的是，它可以轻松的集成到Firefox，Flashgot插件有助于下载，还有Chrome的专用扩展程序。
|
||||
|
||||
开发者为所有类型的Linux发行版提供了多个软件包，切记，它是完全免费的。
|
||||
|
||||
尽情享用!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Meet-uGet-an-Amazing-Download-Manager-for-Linux-430085.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://ugetdm.com/
|
||||
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
|
||||
最好的Linux益智游戏
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
在Linux环境下有大量的免费游戏，其中还有许多是开源的，其中相当一部分非常引人注目。现在的主流游戏一般包含了全动态影像，矢量图形，3D图形，3D渲染，动画，纹理贴图，物理引擎，以及其他的技术。而早期的电脑游戏还没有使用这些图形技术，最早的电脑游戏是文字游戏或者基于文字的游戏，它们使用字符作为基本工具而不是矢量或点阵图像。
|
||||
|
||||
谚语'不要根据封面去评价一本书'可以扩展成'不要根据界面来评价一款电脑游戏'。尽管在这篇文章中提到的很多游戏都只有非常普通的界面，它们从其他方面来弥补，包括挑战性的玩法，以及锻炼脑力。
|
||||
|
||||
本文的目的是找出那些受欢迎的益智游戏，这些游戏可以促进智力，或用做日常消遣。
|
||||
|
||||
本文的重点是那些不太受关注的免费Linux游戏，而不是Steam平台的类似商业游戏。这里列出来的所有游戏都值得一玩，尽管它们大多没有像商业同类应用那样精心美化，可玩性仍然不错。
|
||||
|
||||
这个列表中所包含的游戏，需要达到以下的要求：
|
||||
|
||||
- 免费（没有下载费用，没有月度费用）
|
||||
- 不需要通过Wine来执行。Wine是一个运行Windows软件的兼容层。
|
||||
- 必须有可玩性和有趣。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，让我们来检查一下手上的30款游戏。我们为每一款游戏做了一个页面，里面有游戏截图，游戏的完整描述，游戏特性的深度分析，以及相关资源和评论的链接。
|
||||
|
||||
### 益智游戏 ###
|
||||
|
||||
- [Neverball][1] 倾斜地板来滚动一个球并通过障碍物
|
||||
- [Incredipede][2] 赞美世界生命的多样性
|
||||
- [Frozen Bubble][3] 投掷彩色泡泡搭建或销毁组合
|
||||
- [Enigma][4] 找到有相同颜色的Oxyd石头对
|
||||
- [Crack Attack!][5] 类似于Super Nintendo的经典游戏"Tetris Attack"
|
||||
- [Puzzle Collection][6] 36个谜题，大部分是重新实现的
|
||||
- [Zaz][7] 简单容易上瘾的益智游戏
|
||||
- [Berusky][8] 基于一个古老的名叫Sokoban的益智游戏
|
||||
- [gbrainy][9] 锻炼记忆，算术，逻辑能力
|
||||
- [Monsterz][10] Arcade益智游戏，类似于Bejeweled, Zookeeper或Zooo
|
||||
- [levelHead][11] 3D空间记忆游戏
|
||||
- [gjid][12] 移动箱子来通过复杂的迷宫送到回收箱里
|
||||
- [Bombermaaan][13] 经典Bomberman游戏的多人版本
|
||||
- [Angry, Drunken Dwarves][14] 类似Puzzle Fighter的好玩益智游戏
|
||||
- [Berusky 2][15] 挑战你的视觉/空间思维能力
|
||||
- [Numpty Physics][16] 受Crayon Physics启发的绘画益智游戏
|
||||
- [Amoebax][17] Puyo类型益智游戏
|
||||
- [Klest-crossword][18] 跨平台的纵横字谜游戏
|
||||
- [Xwelltris][19] 2.5D类俄罗斯方块游戏
|
||||
- [I Have No Tomatoes][20] 超级休闲时间的活动
|
||||
- [Cube Trains][21] 在一座城市里建造高架铁路
|
||||
- [Pingus][22] 类似Lemmings的游戏
|
||||
- [Trackballs][23] 基于OpenGL的迷宫弹珠游戏
|
||||
- [Brain Workshop][24] Dual n-back大脑练习
|
||||
- [rezerwar][25] 给方块加入了有方向的管道的益智游戏
|
||||
- [Brain Party][26] 解谜，脑力训练游戏
|
||||
- [JAG][27] 类似KDiamonds的2D游戏
|
||||
- [Atomic Worm][28] 刺激的类似贪食蛇游戏
|
||||
- [Pioneers][29] 基于Settlers of Catan
|
||||
- [Fish Fillets NG][30] Altar Interactive平台的FIsh Fillets游戏的移植
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201084806845/PuzzleGames.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/2008051019354650/Neverball.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201101247656/Incredipede.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080510102350336/FrozenBubble.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080524072250420/Enigma.html
|
||||
[5]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080524100816516/CrackAttack%21.html
|
||||
[6]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201135434313/PuzzleCollection.html
|
||||
[7]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20101211064900466/Zaz.html
|
||||
[8]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201113353386/Berusky.html
|
||||
[9]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080525211221167/gbrainy.html
|
||||
[10]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/2009081921375955/Monsterz.html
|
||||
[11]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090815144344770/levelHead.html
|
||||
[12]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201142055360/gjid.html
|
||||
[13]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201161809886/Bombermaaan.html
|
||||
[14]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/2009081514441763/AngryDrunkenDwarves.html
|
||||
[15]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201183159376/Berusky2.html
|
||||
[16]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20101211063800755/NumptyPhysics.html
|
||||
[17]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090819213709180/Amoebax.html
|
||||
[18]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201165631283/Klest-crossword.html
|
||||
[19]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090819213733554/Xwelltris.html
|
||||
[20]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201163108930/IHaveNoTomatoes.html
|
||||
[21]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201152715356/CubeTrains.html
|
||||
[22]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080510105058649/Pingus.html
|
||||
[23]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090819212528284/Trackballs.html
|
||||
[24]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20100501151619134/BrainWorkshop.html
|
||||
[25]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20100503031223387/rezerwar.html
|
||||
[26]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20100503031206947/BrainParty.html
|
||||
[27]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20100808120210293/JAG.html
|
||||
[28]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/2010080812021597/AtomicWorm.html
|
||||
[29]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090815144506601/Pioneers.html
|
||||
[30]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080517164445969/FishFillets.html
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
|
||||
Linux基金会发布了2014年全部活动安排
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Linux基金会改变了原有的活动计划模式，而是公布了一整年的所有活动安排。与此同时还发布了一部视频，可以在这里在线观看：[Linux基金会活动体验][1]。下面介绍一下今年的基金会活动重点关注方向的更多细节。
|
||||
|
||||
2014年活动安排，包括了北美和欧洲的LinuxCon和CloudOpen，以及Linux Foundation Collaboration Summit，Embedded Linux Conference，Android Builders Summit，和ApacheCon等等。今年北美的LinuxCon和CloudOpen会在芝加哥和Linux Kernel Summit一起合作举行。欧洲的Linux Con和CloudOpen会在德国的杜塞尔多夫举行，一起的还有Embedded Linux Conference, KVM Forum以及Linux Plumbers Conference。
|
||||
|
||||
“几乎每一个技术部门或社区都渴望能在开放、协作式的开发过程中有所收获。”Linux基金会的行政长官Jimm Zemlin在一份声明中这样说过，“如今，从类似汽车到生命科学再到赌博等各种行业都倾向于依靠共同的知识库和Linux的成功以及开放式开发。”
|
||||
|
||||
下面是2014年Linux基金会活动安排中的亮点，包括一些有趣的云计算活动：
|
||||
|
||||
#### [OpenDaylight Summit][2] ####
|
||||
|
||||
2014年2月4日－5日，凯悦酒店，加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉市。
|
||||
|
||||
为Software-Defined Networking (SDN)和Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)领域的社团，项目，产品，公司的开发人员和用户举办的一次技术峰会。
|
||||
|
||||
#### [Linux Storage, Filesystem and MM Summit][3] ####
|
||||
|
||||
2014年3月24日－25日，Meritage度假村，加利福尼亚州纳帕谷。
|
||||
|
||||
仅限受邀人士的活动，会聚集Linux存储，内存管理和文件系统栈方面工作的开发者和研究员。
|
||||
|
||||
#### [Linux Foundation Collaboration Summit][4] ####
|
||||
|
||||
2014年3月26日－28日，Meritage度假村，加利福尼亚州纳帕谷。
|
||||
|
||||
仅限受邀人士的独家峰会，会邀请包括关键内核开发人员，发行版维护人员，独立软件开发商，终端用户，系统供应商，以及其他社区组织参与聚会以及工作组会议，帮助解决如今Linux面临的最紧急的问题。
|
||||
|
||||
#### [ApacheCon][5] ####
|
||||
|
||||
2014年4月7日－9日，威斯汀酒店，科罗拉多州丹佛市。
|
||||
|
||||
ApacheCon是唯一这样做的活动，它专注于把100+ Apache Software Foundation项目社区以及其他各个组织的开源项目聚集到一个地方，来推动那些正在构建技术未来和代表了下一代软件开发的工作。它主导了与许多当前最热门的开源项目的合作，包括Apache自己的项目
|
||||
比如Cassandra, Cordova, CloudStack, CouchDB, Geronimo, Hadoop, Hive, HTTP Server, Lucene, OpenOffice, Struts, Subversion and Tomcat，以及其他项目。
|
||||
|
||||
#### [CloudStack Collaboration Conference North America][6] ####
|
||||
|
||||
2014年4月9日－11日，威斯汀酒店，科罗拉多州丹佛市。
|
||||
|
||||
CloudStack Collaboration Conference North America聚集了建立和管理大型虚拟机网络以及推进顶尖云计算技术方面的开发人员，系统管理员以及运维专家。它为参与者们提供一个可以利用Apache CloudStack来推动他们工作的中性环境。
|
||||
|
||||
#### [Embedded Linux Conference][7] ####
|
||||
|
||||
2014年4月29日－5月1日，万豪酒店，加利福尼亚州圣何塞市。
|
||||
|
||||
今年是该活动的10周年，对于在嵌入式产品中使用Linux的公司和开发者来说，它是最重要的厂商中立的技术会议。
|
||||
|
||||
#### [Android Builders Summit][8] ####
|
||||
|
||||
2014年4月29日－5月1日，万豪酒店，加利福尼亚州圣何塞市。
|
||||
|
||||
为OEM厂商，设备制造商，系统集成商，系统定制者，以及正在成长的Android和Linux内核开发社区组织的技术峰会，
|
||||
|
||||
#### [LinuxCon North America][9] ####
|
||||
|
||||
2014年8月20日－22日，喜来登酒店，芝加哥市。
|
||||
|
||||
LinuxCon是北美地区最重要的年度技术会议，聚集了开发者，系统管理员，运维专家，业务负责人，以及更多专业人士，探讨Linux社区的协作和教育机会。
|
||||
|
||||
#### [CloudOpen North America][10] ####
|
||||
|
||||
2014年8月20日－22日，喜来登酒店，芝加哥市。
|
||||
|
||||
CloudOpen聚集了驱动云服务以及大数据生态环境的开源项目，产品以及公司，在一起分享传统开源世界的成功案例。
|
||||
|
||||
#### [LinuxCon Europe][11] ####
|
||||
|
||||
2014年10月13日－15日，杜塞尔多夫会议中心，德国杜赛尔多夫。
|
||||
|
||||
欧洲LinuxCon聚集了欧洲的Linux社区，从开发者，系统管理员以及运维专家，到业务负责人，以及更多专业人士，探讨Linux社区的协作和教育机会。之前的会议地点包括布拉格和巴塞罗那。
|
||||
|
||||
#### [CloudOpen Europe][12] ####
|
||||
|
||||
2014年10月13日－15日，杜塞尔多夫会议中心，德国杜赛尔多夫。
|
||||
|
||||
欧洲CloudOpen聚集了驱动云服务以及大数据生态环境的开源项目，产品以及公司，在一起分享传统开源世界的成功案例。
|
||||
|
||||
#### [Embedded Linux Conference Europe][13] ####
|
||||
|
||||
2014年10月13日－15日，杜塞尔多夫会议中心，德国杜赛尔多夫。
|
||||
|
||||
今年是该活动的10周年，对于在嵌入式产品中使用Linux的公司和开发者来说，它是最重要的厂商中立的技术会议。
|
||||
|
||||
想了解关于Linux基金会活动的更多信息，请访问：[http://events.linuxfoundation.org][14]。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ostatic.com/blog/the-linux-foundation-delivers-complete-2014-event-schedule
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://youtu.be/-WUeelICQ2U
|
||||
[2]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/opendaylight-summit
|
||||
[3]:https://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/lsfmm-summit
|
||||
[4]:https://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/collaboration-summit
|
||||
[5]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/apachecon-north-america
|
||||
[6]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/apachecon-north-america
|
||||
[7]:https://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/embedded-linux-conference
|
||||
[8]:https://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/android-builders-summit
|
||||
[9]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/linuxcon
|
||||
[10]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/cloudopen-north-america
|
||||
[11]:https://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/linuxcon-europe
|
||||
[12]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/cloudopen-europe
|
||||
[13]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/events/embedded-linux-conference-europe
|
||||
[14]:http://events.linuxfoundation.org/
|
||||
62
translated/The Linux Software Store Conundrum.md
Normal file
62
translated/The Linux Software Store Conundrum.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
|
||||
Linux软件商店的困境
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> 在调查了各种方案后，我认为Linux需要一个更好的在线软件零售商店。
|
||||
|
||||
有好几次，我恳求Ubuntu团队考虑改善现在的Ubuntu软件中心。它在旧电脑上几乎就不能用，而就算在主流硬件平台，它采用的软件安装方式还有很大改善空间，尤其是付费软件。
|
||||
|
||||
我希望这篇文章不仅能让我们认真了解一下目前存在的搜索和安装Linux软件的方式，也许还可以最终找到一种处理付费软件的方法。
|
||||
|
||||
### Linspire曾经很接近 ###
|
||||
|
||||
不管你喜欢不喜欢被[Xandros][2]收购之前的[Linspire][1]公司，实际上，它早期时候建立的点击运行软件店(CNR)在当时已经超前了许多年。在CNR变成一个尝试在所有发行版上处理所有事情的万能工具之前，Linspire还是提供了我认为对新手最友好的Linux平台软件安装方式。甚至以现在的标准来衡量，在统一环境下轻松地安装开源软件(FoSS)和商业应用这一点上，"经典的"CNR仍值得一提。
|
||||
|
||||
### 把Steam当作软件商店 ###
|
||||
|
||||
尽管在Linux桌面环境有很多"其他"可用的软件商店，但实际上没有哪个像Ubuntu软件中心那样支持付费应用。而我看到的唯一一个像Ubuntu软件中心那样可以在Linux桌面下发布付费应用的是Valve公司的[Steam][3]数字软件管理器，作为发行付费Linux游戏的商店而闻名。我发现Steam已经用来在其他平台[发行软件][4]，所以我认为，Steam也完全可以为Linxu用户发行付费软件。
|
||||
|
||||
不像其他软件发布工具，Steam专门设计了比其他Linux替代方案更为清晰的付费处理方式。而且，Steam用一种奇妙的光线来展示游戏和软件的名字，所以，用户在浏览这些名字的时候能够选中适合自己需求的应用。
|
||||
|
||||
我并没有建议把Steam当作搜索开源软件的最佳替代方案，我坚决反对这种想法。我的建议是，Steam可以成为一个专门处理拥有专利的应用或游戏软件的跨发行版的选择。
|
||||
|
||||
### 诞生一个新生态系统 ###
|
||||
|
||||
现在，你也许认为我是一个坚决反对类似Ubuntu软件中心这样的软件发布工具。但事实是，我只是非常希望看到它被改善，并在尽可能多地开源软件上获得成功。再重申一下，尽管我觉得它还需要花点工夫，它还是一个不错的搜索软件的工具。但是就像我之前说过，总的来说，软件中心的付费系统没有提供良好的用户体验。它响应很慢，实际上也没有提供一个有效的工具来检查付费软件的新版本。
|
||||
|
||||
在这个舞台上，我认为Steam是毫无疑问的优胜者。而且如果我们能够让Steam更多地努力去推出人们实际上希望使用的付费软件－而不仅只限于列出目前Linux系统已有的有限选择－这将会带来几乎无限的需求。
|
||||
|
||||
想象一下这样一个新的生态系统，付费软件可以通过他们自己的发布工具轻松的发布而不用考虑具体的Linux发行版的依赖。Ubuntu，Arch，OpenSUSE，不管哪个发行版，我认为Steam是一个往Linux世界推出还未被移植软件的工具。在新软件被发布和应用后，更多的会跟上。也许我们甚至会看到大牌露脸？比如Adobe Photoshop和Microsoft Office－如果有愿意付费的用户，我想不到任何任何理由为什么它们不会参与进来。
|
||||
|
||||
### 困难和挑战 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在Steam能够统一Linux世界软件发布之前还存在一些重要的挑战。第一个挑战来自Linux用户自身：我们保持怀疑和保留态度，而且一直在担心，会不会是下一波"收费威胁"的到来。尽管Valve在通过Steam把游戏发行到不同的Linux发行版上时受到了热烈的欢迎，如果在各种软件都积极地推销过来时，我想这种"欢迎"会冷却一点。
|
||||
|
||||
另一个闪过我脑海的担心是，Valve是否会接受大量的"垃圾"应用，类似那些你可以在手机应用软件世界看到的。没有比在Steam商店里看到无数的垃圾应用反而优秀应用很难找到这种事情更糟糕的了。我希望我们可以在付费软件的数量和质量种寻找一个平衡。
|
||||
|
||||
### 没有Steam－没有问题? ###
|
||||
|
||||
我不是那种过于重视任意问题的单一解决方案的人，所以我承认，Steam本身也许并不是为Linux民众发布付费软件的唯一方式。但是，我的问题就会变成：如果没有Steam－还有其他方案吗？我们已经看到类似Ubuntu的发行版正在尝试提供付费软件，但是很明显，[结果][5]并没有那么好。
|
||||
|
||||
我也确实支持Ubuntu，他们所做的努力为软件中心带来了许多应用，多谢他们的[应用开发者活动周][6]。软件中心是个很好的想法，对于那些休闲应用，每次看看发布了哪些新应用也挺好玩的。但是，很可惜，它没有吸引到Adobe和Microsoft来提供那些高需求软件的非微软和苹果平台的版本。
|
||||
|
||||
最后，是否存在切实可行的替代方案让付费软件进入Linux世界呢？在企业领域，确实已经有了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 企业应用 ###
|
||||
|
||||
就我的个人经验来说，我真的不认为付费软件能够在Linux桌面上站稳脚跟，但是我却看到付费软件在未来Linux服务器上的广阔前景。像大多数Linux事物，是在服务器端赚的钱，靠的是提供服务和企业级产品。
|
||||
|
||||
所以就算Steam能够整合成为一个付费应用的发布平台，恐怕它也不能在企业领域获得太多关注。另一方面，也许我们将来会重新再回到这里，而Steam确实已经成为消费者发布付费Linux软件的地方，而不仅仅是优秀游戏。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.datamation.com/open-source/the-linux-software-store-conundrum-1.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linspire
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xandros
|
||||
[3]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_(software)
|
||||
[4]:http://store.steampowered.com/software/
|
||||
[5]:http://developer.ubuntu.com/2013/04/top-10-ubuntu-app-downloads-for-march/
|
||||
[6]:http://developer.ubuntu.com/2013/12/ubuntu-app-developer-week-call-for-papers/
|
||||
@@ -1,51 +1,54 @@
|
||||
Xperience UI Concept Could Be the Most Beautiful Linux Desktop
|
||||
Xperience UI 设计理念 —— 优雅的 Linux 桌面设计欣赏
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**The Xperience UI is a proof of concept developed for a Nitrux built OS, and if it will ever be brought to fruition, it will probably be one of the most beautiful desktops around.**
|
||||
**Xperience UI 是一个基于 Nitrux 发行板的一个界面设计的概念作品，如果其开发能够完成，它将有可能成为当今最漂亮的桌面之一。**
|
||||
|
||||
Most Linux desktop can be easily recognized by the members of the community and even if some people manage to get the operating system to look interesting, the Nitrux Xperience UI concept is absolutely gorgeous.
|
||||
即使有些人很会折腾并使他们的桌面看起来更帅些，大多数 Linux 桌面仍可以轻易的被社区中的其他成员识别。
|
||||
如今折腾的人有福利了，Nitrux Xperience UI 带来了相当华丽的设计理念。
|
||||
|
||||
Nitrux developers are mostly known for the icon packs and for a few other endeavors, but the quality of this desktop surpasses almost everything that we can find today.
|
||||
Nitrux 的开发者们之前最为他们的图标及一些其他设计而闻名，而如今这款桌面的界面设计质量几乎可以与现今我们能找到的任何的顶级设计相媲美。
|
||||
|
||||
It reminds a little of elementary OS, but at the same time it features a very serious and distinctive look. It’s hard to see of the details, but the notification area, the lockscreen, and the dashbroad are to die for.
|
||||
这些设计或许会让大家想起一些来自 Elementary OS 的元素，但同时她也有着非常严谨而独特的风格。
|
||||
即使这些细节很难被观察到，我们仍可以从通知区域、锁屏、或是主面板感受到设计者对其的精雕细琢。
|
||||
|
||||
The concept seems to be oriented towards touch screens, but it would also do wonders on a desktop system. We can only hope that one of the upcoming distros that are supposed to be in development under the Nitrux wing will actually look like this.
|
||||
这些设计理念虽然看起来很倾向于触屏设备，她仍然可以完美的融入到一个桌面系统中。
|
||||
也许我们只能寄予期望给今后的某个 Nitrus 麾下的发行板可以采用这个设计了。
|
||||
|
||||
Even if it will never make it (although we have high hopes that it will), this is proof that Linux designs is head and shoulders above all other operating systems out there.
|
||||
即使今后没人会实现这个设计（虽然我们很大把握有人会去折腾），这个设计仍然证明了 Linux 的设计也可以从头到脚都远远超出所有其他的操作系统。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Desktop
|
||||
桌面
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Mini-Dash Apps
|
||||
Mini 启动面板 - 应用程序
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Mini-Dash - Notifications
|
||||
Mini 启动面板 - 通知区域
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Mini-Dash - Recent Documents
|
||||
Mini 启动面板 - 最近的文档
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Mini-Dash - Quick Settings
|
||||
Mini 启动面板 - 快速设置
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Mini-Dash - Shutdown
|
||||
Mini 启动面板 - 关机
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Dashboard
|
||||
主面板
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Xperience-UI-Concept-Could-Be-the-Most-Beautiful-Linux-Desktop-430087.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[VizV](https://github.com/vizv) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
|
||||
|
||||
Canonical's Ubuntu 14.04 focuses on the long haul
|
||||
|
||||
Canonical公司的长期支持版本-Ubuntu 14.04
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Ubuntu 14.04的服务器版配备Docker引擎和更好的固态硬盘支持
|
||||
|
||||
IDG新闻服务 - 因为各机构将内部开发的系统移动到了云端，Canonical公司想要他们考虑将桌面操作系统也切换了。
|
||||
|
||||
Canonical公司的Ubuntu Server产品经理Mark Baker说：“当人们移动到云端时，它往往涉及到重新设计应用程序，众多企业都想要从横向扩展和云技术中获利。”
|
||||
|
||||
鉴于一些类似于云服务的急切因素，在未来几年内，约百分之70的CIO打算重新评估他们在IT供应商的选择，[根据Gartner的调查][1].Baker说：“我们看到这方面的证据。”
|
||||
|
||||
星期四发布的Linux发行版本，服务器版Ubuntu 14.04，Canonical公司强调了在宿主环境中，机构是如何运用它来作为运行大型关键任务应用程序的基础。这个版本带有长期支持和许多云友好的软件程序，如Docker，最新版本的OpenStack。
|
||||
|
||||
> Baker说：“我们现在更加意识到我们正在创造一个企业采用的平台”
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Ubuntu 14.04 是一个长期支持版本(LTS)，意味着它将会有五年的补丁和支持，这使得它作为企业长期的生产应用更可行。这次它也将允许用户从Ubuntu自身的版本库系统更新软件包。
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Canonical公司每年发布两个新的Ubuntu版本，但是每两年发布一个LTS版本，其他非LTS版本只支持九个月。
|
||||
>
|
||||
>使用常规非LTS版本，九个月后，用户将不再得到bug修复，无法从Canonical那儿更新软件或操作系统。如果用户选择这样做，那他们只有约三个月来更新系统。
|
||||
>
|
||||
>
|
||||
>长期支持来的正是时候，他将找出日益严重的基础软件安全漏洞，如OpenSSL的“心脏出血”安全漏洞[这使无数的Web应用程序容易受到攻击][2].
|
||||
|
||||
上周，微软停止支持Windows XP操作系统，可能会使数以百万计的用户[遭受攻击][3].
|
||||
|
||||
Baker说，使用Ubuntu服务器版操作系统的人中大约有百分之70使用LTS版本。
|
||||
|
||||
Baker说：“在没到合适时间的时候，机构并不想升级，五年是一段很长的时间，这给了他们找到正确迁移路径更多的选择。”
|
||||
|
||||
Baker承认，新版本是相对较轻的新包和功能，主要是由于Canonical公司为使得软件可供长期使用。
|
||||
|
||||
该公司与其他硬件和软件供应商已经做了大量的互操作，如高级微设备，思科和云供应商如亚马逊，Joyent，惠普等等。
|
||||
|
||||
该包包括最新的OpenStack云托管软件，称为冰室[定于星期四发布][4].
|
||||
|
||||
值得注意的是OpenStack本身只会通过接下来的下两个版本来对每个版本进行支持[一直到现在大约18个月][5].
|
||||
|
||||
这也是Ubuntu 14.04第一次包含Docker，[一个开源的Linux应用容器引擎，支持轻量级运行完整的虚拟机][6]
|
||||
|
||||
这也包括XFS第一版，一个最初由SGI(硅图形)公司开发的高性能的64位日志文件系统。Canonical公司的竞争对手Red Hat[计划使用XFS][7]作为小红帽Linux企业版(RHEL)的默认文件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
小红帽Linux企业版中同样包含Docker和OpenStack。
|
||||
|
||||
同样的，Canonical公司的Ubuntu也将更有效的支持固态硬盘(SSDs)。Ubuntu 14.04配备了Linux 3.13 内核，[一月份发布的][8]。Linux 3.13包括一个称为多队列块层的新技术，通过将作业分发到多核提高了SSD磁盘读写性能。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9247694/Canonical_39_s_Ubuntu_14.04_focuses_on_the_long_haul?taxonomyId=122
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[tenght](https://github.com/tenght) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2685515
|
||||
[2]:http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9247671/Server_makers_rush_their_Heartbleed_patches
|
||||
[3]:http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9247525/Microsoft_Patch_Tuesday_bids_adieu_to_Windows_XP
|
||||
[4]:https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Icehouse_Release_Schedule
|
||||
[5]:https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Releases
|
||||
[6]:http://www.infoworld.com/d/virtualization/docker-challenges-virtualization-market-containers-235897
|
||||
[7]:http://www.infoworld.com/t/linux/red-hat-enterprise-linux-7-beta-now-available-232520
|
||||
[8]:http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_3.13
|
||||
[9]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTUwNDc
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
|
||||
在树莓派上建立VPN~第一部分~：如何以及为何建立一个服务器
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> 不要相信任何人，自己建立为Web数据加密的服务器从而躲过他人的窥视
|
||||
|
||||
虽然免费，未加密的无线AP遍地都是，但是你不应该连接这些AP来登陆你的网银账户，除非你对他人的窥视毫不在意．那么对此的解决方案是什么呢？一个[虚拟专用网][1]，也就是VPN(virtual private network)．
|
||||
|
||||
一个VPN可以使你的私用网络拓展至公共场所，因此即使你连接着星巴克的 Wi-Fi，你对网络浏览仍然保持着安全的加密．
|
||||
|
||||
有很多方法来建立VPN，包括[免费以及付费的服务][2]，但是每个解决方案都有其的优点以及缺点，取决于VPN服务商运作的方式和服务商提供的VPN选项．
|
||||
|
||||
最简单以及最方便的保证数据安全的方法就是完全抛弃公共Wi-Fi．但是这个解决方案对于我来说有点极端了，一部分原因是在家里建立一个VPN服务器相对容易以及划算，你只需要一个便宜(35刀)小型的树莓派．
|
||||
|
||||
我的树莓派与智能手机差不多大小，并且它拥有一个VPN服务器所有应有的功能．这意味着不管我在哪里，我可以通过安全的网络连接在家里的电脑和家里的内网来访问分享的文件以及媒体．这个服务器在我最近去波士顿的旅途中使生活变得十分美好，在旅途中我仍然可以观看储存在家里台式机上的视频．
|
||||
|
||||
在这部分文章中，说实话我喜欢直接带给你们一个设置树莓派VPN的教程．问题是这个优秀教程并不存在，至少目前没有一个适合大部分电脑用户的优秀教程．虽然有无数关于如何搭建树莓派VPN的教程，极少教程会解释这么做的目的．
|
||||
|
||||
我阅读了不少教程，并把好的部分整合入了这半篇教程中，来教授读者如何搭建树莓派VPN服务器．这个教程甚至连我都能理解，在如何搭建之后完成了为何搭建部分．最重要的是，我相信Eric Jodoin的VPN教程更适合那些专家，但它使我的大脑直接宕机了．．．
|
||||
|
||||
那么跟随我钻进加密法的兔子洞并且开始学习吧，无论你有多么多疑，提出了创造VPNs的那个人更正是如此.
|
||||
|
||||
### 材料 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 硬件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Raspberry Pi Model B**：以及使其工作所需要的所有硬件－一个常规电源供电器和一个放置的小盒子．小盒子可以避免意外的可以造成树莓派硬件损坏的短路－这个盒子甚至可以是一个自己折叠的纸板箱．
|
||||
|
||||
**SD card**：我建议8GB及以上的容量，只是来保证你有必要的储存空间．像所有树莓派项目一样，SD卡上应该要预装上NOOBS．
|
||||
|
||||
**CAT-5线**：这根线将连接树莓派的以太网接口至你的路由器的以太网接口．
|
||||
|
||||
#### 软件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
[Open VPN][3]：这是一个开源VPN服务，我们今天就要安装它．
|
||||
|
||||
### 开始项目之前的准备 ###
|
||||
|
||||
1) 你需要[准备好NOOBS][4]并且安装完[Raspbian][5]．我在＂鱼缸量化＂项目中对此做过一个[一步步][6]的教程．因此你也可以在那里查看．
|
||||
|
||||
2) 你需要为树莓派设置一个在你家内网中的静态IP地址．这一步骤取决于你路由器的型号，因此你可能需要阅读你的路由器的说明书来完成这一步．如果你还没有完成这一步，你可以参照ReadWrite的[教程][7]．
|
||||
|
||||
3) 你需要启用SSH．我们需要通过[SSH][8]与树莓派进行连接，一个使我们能够从另一台电脑连接树莓派的工具．通过这个方法，我们在这个项目中不需要再为树莓派单独设置一个显示屏以及无线键盘．再提一下，看看ReadWrite的[教程][9]．
|
||||
|
||||
4) 你需要将1194端口映射至树莓派的内网IP地址[UDP traffic][10]，完成这一步的方法也决定于你路由器的型号，所以阅读路由器说明书吧．如果你想用另一个端口，没问题，只要将此教程中提及"TCP"，"UDP"的1194端口改为你需要的端口就行了．想必你也猜到了，ReadWrite为此也写了一篇[教程][11]．
|
||||
|
||||
你可以从上文看出，我们现在在建立一些树莓派的基础概念，这也是为什么在树莓派上搭建VPN对初学者来说不是一个适合的原因之一．
|
||||
|
||||
### 简单的一些警告 ###
|
||||
|
||||
我曾经喜欢直接拷贝网上教程中的代码，但是当我自己测试这篇教程时，我发现直接的复制粘贴代码会导致一些错误，原因是复制粘贴中出现的空行以及格式变化．如果你发现在此篇教程在实际操作时出现了一些问题，我的建议是先手动输入代码试试!
|
||||
|
||||
### First Steps ###
|
||||
|
||||
1) 启动并修改树莓派的密码．如果你还在使用树莓派的默认用户名(pi)和密码(respberry)，那么接下来的安全教程就完全没有什么意义了．
|
||||
|
||||
打开一个terminal/PuTTY 窗口输入：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo passwd
|
||||
|
||||
将用户名以及密码修改地既好记并难猜([微软对此有一些建议][12])，不然的话为什么要自找麻烦搭建一个私人网络呢？
|
||||
|
||||
2) 为了树莓派的安全来进行软件包的升级．为此有两条命令：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
这应该不会花太多时间，而且为我们排除了之后可能会产生的问题．
|
||||
|
||||
3) 接下来我们需要这个开源软件(OpenVPN)．输入：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install openvpn
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
树莓派会寻求你的安装许可，因为这用掉一点点储存空间．但是由于我们已经准备了一张8GB及以上的SD卡，我们对此完全没问题．
|
||||
|
||||
### 生成密钥 ###
|
||||
|
||||
4) 你当然不想让任何发现你的VPN的人就可以连接，因此我们会为这个安全的地址准备一个来验证身份的密钥．这就像为你的家门准备一把锁一样．
|
||||
|
||||
OpenVPN自带了Easy_RSA，一个轻量并容易的使用RSA加密方法的包．发明于1977年，RSA是第一个沿用至今可用的加密系统．加密的密钥是公开的，解密的密钥是保密的．如果你听说过比特币的工作原理，这些对你来说应该十分熟悉．
|
||||
|
||||
通过使用Easy_RSA，你可以使用软件带有的算法来生成一个独一无二的密钥．
|
||||
|
||||
首先获得树莓派的系统权限，就是将命令提示符中的"pi@raspberrypi"转换成"root@raspberrypi"．
|
||||
|
||||
sudo -s
|
||||
|
||||
这句命令在现有的终端中再次创建了一个拥有root权限的终端实例．我们需要获得root权限的原因是，如果我们没有root权限，树莓派将不会允许我们创建密钥．
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，输入：
|
||||
|
||||
cp –r /usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0 /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa
|
||||
|
||||
在这句命令中，"cp"代表＂复制＂，"r"代表递归．这说明我们让电脑执行：复制这个目录以及此目录下的所有文件结构及文件．
|
||||
|
||||
在**/2.0**和**/etc**中间的空格表示我们将第一个目录地址的文件（一个实例文件）拷贝至第二个目录地址，就是你让OpenVPN寻找密钥的地址．
|
||||
|
||||
cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa
|
||||
|
||||
5) 接下来，我们需要"cd"，改变所在目录(change directory)，来放置我们生成的Easy_RSA文件．一旦完成这步，我们需要打开文件**/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/vars**来编辑．我们可以使用nano: **nano /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/vars**，由于我们以及在此目录下了，我们可以使用简写：
|
||||
|
||||
nano vars
|
||||
|
||||
Nano在Raspbian中内建的文件编辑工具，当然也有其他工具提供给"科技通"们，不过我们将在此教程中只使用nano．
|
||||
|
||||
现在，将你的 EASY_RSA 变量改为：
|
||||
|
||||
export EASY_RSA="/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa"
|
||||
|
||||
对我来说，这是在第13行．
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
为什么要修改这个变量呢？其实这是你在回答计算机的问题＂你想让文件生成在哪里？＂．在这个情况下，我们想要将其生成在我们保存的同一个目录，easy-rsa文件树的顶层．
|
||||
|
||||
在vars文件中我们还可以做一件事，如果你对Innuminati阅读你的邮箱这件事十分偏执的话，你可以将加密方法从1024-bit改至2048-bit．在vars文件中，它明显的指出，＂偏执狂请将此改为2048＂("increase this to 2048 if you are paranoid")．
|
||||
|
||||
但是因为这个方法大大增长了生成密钥的时间，我们不会在这个教程中使用它．保持下面这个样子：
|
||||
|
||||
export KEY_SIZE=1024
|
||||
|
||||
按下**Control+X**来保存修改并推出nano．
|
||||
|
||||
### 获取加密手段 ###
|
||||
|
||||
6) 现在该搭建CA证书和Root CA证书了．
|
||||
|
||||
在加密学中，一个授权机构(certificate authority (CA))是一个颁布电子证书的存在．电子证书证明公钥的所有者．
|
||||
|
||||
你可能一直在使用它只是你自己不知道而已．举个例子，当我登陆我的网银账户时，我可以在网页地址前看到HTTPS字符．当我点击HTTPS前的锁时，我会看到一个叫做[GeoTrust][13]的公司验证了我网银页面的合法性，因此我知道这不是一个钓鱼欺诈网站．(当然最近的[Heartbleed漏洞][14]指出HTTPS并不是我们想得那么安全)．
|
||||
|
||||
在树莓派这个例子中，我作为我自己的授权机构，自己为OpenVPN签字，而不是通过一个第三方公司．
|
||||
|
||||
cd /etc/openvon/easy-rsa
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们又改变了所在目录，将下面命令一行接一行输入终端：
|
||||
|
||||
**source ./vars** → 这个"source"加载你之前修改的文件(vars)．
|
||||
|
||||
**./clean-all** → 这会删除之前所有的密钥文件，如果有的话．如果在这个文件目录下有你不想删除的密钥文件(比如这是你第二次尝试这篇教程)，跳过这条命令．
|
||||
|
||||
**./build-ca** → 最后一条来生成你的授权机构．
|
||||
|
||||
再输入第三条命令之后，树莓派会弹出一堆选项，你可以填写这些选项如果你愿意的话－－国家名字，州名或省名，位置名，机构名，机构单位和电子邮件地址．如果你不想填写，只要在每个选项出现时按"enter"就行了，树莓派会使用默认值．下面的截屏展现了这些选项的长相：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在你可以为你的服务器命名了．我很创新地将其命名为"Server"...你可以取任意的名字，不过别忘记输入：
|
||||
|
||||
./build-key-server [Server_Name]
|
||||
|
||||
再次，树莓派会给出一系列的选项，请随便输入，但注意以下几个选项：
|
||||
|
||||
**Commom Name ** 必须是你为服务器取得名字．
|
||||
|
||||
**A challenge password?** 必须留空．
|
||||
|
||||
**Sign the certificate? [y/n]** 废话，你必须输入"y"．
|
||||
|
||||
你接下来会获得说明你的证书会在接下来的3650天中有效的信息．因此，如果你打算长期使用这个VPN的话，你必须在十年后重新走这个流程．
|
||||
|
||||
**1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]** 明显，输入"y"．
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
6) 服务器端就这么设置好了．现在该为各位用户生成密钥了，或者说"客户"．我为家里的计算机，平板，手机各生成了一个密钥，总共有5个．不要以为在所有客户端使用同样的密钥就可以节省时间，这样的话，一次只能有一个设备能访问VPN．
|
||||
|
||||
./build-key-pass UserName
|
||||
|
||||
我发现采用用户名 Client1, Client2, Client3...十分方便
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在这之后，更多信息会弹出!
|
||||
|
||||
**Enter PEM pass phrase** 设置其为你记得住的密码！他会让你输入两次，不会有几率输入错误．
|
||||
|
||||
**A challenge password?** 必须留空！
|
||||
|
||||
**Sign the certificate? [y/n]** 同样签十年．
|
||||
|
||||
cd keys
|
||||
|
||||
openssl rsa -in Client1.key -des3 -out Client1.3des.key
|
||||
|
||||
留意我们使用des3加密生成的字符串文件，des3是一个复杂[加密算法][15]会在每一个数据块上运行3次，来防止骇客的暴力破解．OpenSSL 代表开源的加密套接字实现，是一个建立安全连接的标准方法．你需要为你生成的每一个客户端运行这一步．
|
||||
|
||||
有人会说这一步完全没有必要，你可以跳过这一步．但是如果你通过Android或者iOS设备连接OpenVPN，那么你必须要做这一步，不然的话目前版本在解析你的密钥时会有一些困难产生．
|
||||
|
||||
Enter pass phrase for Client1.key
|
||||
|
||||
说实话，我用了和以前一样的密码．再输入一遍，就想说的那样．
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们已经创建了服务器证书以及至少一个客户端证书，输入以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
cd ..
|
||||
|
||||
两种方法都会将你的所在目录带会/easy-rsa/.
|
||||
|
||||
7) 现在该生成[Diffie-Hellman key exange][16]了．这是使你的VPN工作的关键代码，一个使两个没有准备的实例通过服务器交换密钥的协议．像RSA一样，这是现有的最早发明的加密系统．
|
||||
|
||||
./build-dh
|
||||
|
||||
这一步会花一些时间，甚至比2048-bit加密还要慢．而且没有任何方法可以预测它运行的时间，因为这个算法使用的是随机数并寻找一些特定的关系．事实上，在我写这篇教程时，1024-bit加密只花了我5分钟．
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
8) 最后，我们要实现OpenVPN内建的服务阻断攻击(Denial of Service -- DoS)防护．你可能已经知道服务阻断攻击是骇客找到你的服务器地址后很有效的攻击手段，这种攻击通过生成大量的访问请求来使你的服务器崩溃．
|
||||
|
||||
输入以下代码来生成静态的HMAC([hash-based message authentication code][17])密钥：
|
||||
|
||||
openvpn --genkey --secret keys/ta.key
|
||||
|
||||
## 最后收尾 ##
|
||||
|
||||
9) 我们已经生成了密钥以及来签名的授权机构．剩下的只是如何告诉OpenVPN如何配置这个服务器了．
|
||||
|
||||
因为我们在树莓派上使用在没有图形用户界面的Linux操作系统，我们需要生成一个.conf (configuration) 文件来告诉OpenVPN如何配置服务器，而不是通过图形界面的选择．用nano打开.conf文件：
|
||||
|
||||
nano /etc/openvpn/server.conf
|
||||
|
||||
我们在这个目录下打开.conf文件的理由是，编辑完此文件会直接生成在/etc/openvpn的目录中．但是你刚刚打开的这个文件是空的．[将此地址中的配置复制入编辑器][18]．在配置中我用大写字符注释了你必须要更改的地方，具体可以看注释．按下 Control+X 来保存文件．
|
||||
|
||||
10) 让我们快速地编辑一下另一个配置文件．在默认配置下树莓派并不会映射网络流量，我们需要另一个配置文件来使树莓派启用对我们新建网络中的网络流量的映射．
|
||||
|
||||
nano /etc/sysctl.conf
|
||||
|
||||
在文档开头处有注释：＂反注释下一行来启用IPv4中的数据包映射．＂("Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4.")．我在下面的截图中高亮了这部分．
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
删除那一行前面的 # 来反注释这一行．这告诉树莓派要对IPv4的数据包进行映射．当你反注释了这一行，树莓派就拥有了作为互联网的中介而不是单单的接受者的权限，可以既接受并传输数据包．
|
||||
|
||||
按下 Control+X 来保存修改．通过以下命令启用此配置：
|
||||
|
||||
sysctl -p
|
||||
|
||||
sysctl命令表示＂[在运行中改变内核配置参数][19]＂．-p 告诉计算机重新加载你刚刚修改的配置文件．
|
||||
|
||||
11) 到这一步我们以及配置完了一个拥有互联网访问权限的工作中的服务器．但是我们还不能用它，用为树莓派有内置的[防火墙][20]来限制传输入的网络连接．
|
||||
|
||||
Raspbian的防火墙会在来路不明的互联网源头中保护你的树莓派．我们仍然需要防火墙来保护我们，但是我们要在防火墙中挖一个OpenVPN样子的洞，使OpenVPN的连接可以顺利通过．
|
||||
|
||||
此外，Raspbian的防火墙会在重启后默认进行重置．我们需要创建一个简单的脚本使树莓派记住每次重启时对OpenVPN的连接进行允许．
|
||||
|
||||
nano /etc/firewall-openvpn-rules.sh
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个空文件，输入以下内容：
|
||||
|
||||
#!/bin/sh
|
||||
|
||||
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.XX.X
|
||||
|
||||
不要忘记将默认IP地址改为你树莓派的IP地址!
|
||||
|
||||
分解下这条命令: 10.8.0.0 是客户端连接树莓派VPN后树莓派的默认地址. "eth0"代表以太网接口. 将其改为"wlan0"如果你使树莓派用无线连接互联网, 当然我不建议你这么做. 按下 Control+X 保存编辑.
|
||||
|
||||
为了安全考虑, 我们要改变**/etc/firewall-openvpn-rules.sh**的所有者,使此文件默认不可被运行. 首先将权限设定为[700][21] (所有者可以读,写,执行). 然后,我们会将此脚本的所有者改为root, 在Linux标准系统中, root代表系统管理员.
|
||||
|
||||
chmod 700 /etc/firewall-OpenVPN-rules.sh
|
||||
|
||||
chown root /etc/firewall-OpenVPN-ruels.sh
|
||||
|
||||
12) 我们已经创建了一个在防火墙中开出OpenVPN形状的洞, 我们现在只需要将这个脚本注射入网络interface初始化的代码中, 然后它就会在每次开机时运行了.
|
||||
|
||||
nano /etc/network/interfaces
|
||||
|
||||
找到带有"iface eth0 inet dchp"的那一行. 我们需要在这行之后的缩进中加上一行. 下面是这两行, 一行新加入, 一行原来就存在, 在完成之后它应该差不多像这样:
|
||||
|
||||
iface eth0 inet dhcp
|
||||
|
||||
pre-up /etc/firewall-openvpn-rules.sh
|
||||
|
||||
按下 Control+X 保存更改 (当你在使用nano的时候都应该这么做).
|
||||
|
||||
最后, 在最后, 在最最后: 重启树莓派.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo reboot
|
||||
|
||||
恭喜你!! vpn服务器就这么搭建完成了, 当然如果没有客户端连接服务器的话, 服务器也没什么用, 因此你应该牢记你在第6步创建, 生成的用户名及密钥. 接下来你可以继续阅读这篇教程的[第二部分][22]来学习如何创建加密的客户端.
|
||||
|
||||
树莓派的照片来自 [Tors][23]. 其他所有的截屏来自Lauren Ordini. 教程展示于ReadWrite.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/10/raspberry-pi-vpn-tutorial-server-secure-web-browsing
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network
|
||||
[2]:http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/readerpicks/tp/The-Best-VPN-Service-Providers.htm
|
||||
[3]:http://openvpn.net/
|
||||
[4]:http://learn.adafruit.com/setting-up-a-raspberry-pi-with-noobs/overview
|
||||
[5]:http://www.raspbian.org/
|
||||
[6]:http://readwrite.com/2014/03/04/raspberry-pi-quantified-fish-acquarium
|
||||
[7]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial?utm_content=readwrite3-orionautotweet&awesm=readwr.it_b1UN&utm_campaign=&utm_medium=readwr.it-twitter&utm_source=t.co#awesm=~oAXilI0BMOHsS3
|
||||
[8]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell
|
||||
[9]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial
|
||||
[10]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol
|
||||
[11]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial?utm_content=readwrite3-orionautotweet&awesm=readwr.it_b1UN&utm_campaign=&utm_medium=readwr.it-twitter&utm_source=t.co#awesm=~oAXilI0BMOHsS3
|
||||
[12]:http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-vista/tips-for-creating-a-strong-password
|
||||
[13]:http://www.geotrust.com/
|
||||
[14]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/08/heartbleed-openssl-bug-cryptography-web-security
|
||||
[15]:http://osxdaily.com/2012/01/30/encrypt-and-decrypt-files-with-openssl/#
|
||||
[16]:http://www.google.com/patents/US4200770
|
||||
[17]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash-based_message_authentication_code
|
||||
[18]:https://gist.github.com/laurenorsini/9925434
|
||||
[19]:http://linux.about.com/library/cmd/blcmdl8_sysctl.htm
|
||||
[20]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)
|
||||
[21]:http://www.thinkplexx.com/learn/article/unix/command/chmod-permissions-flags-explained-600-0600-700-777-100-etc
|
||||
[22]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/11/building-a-raspberry-pi-vpn-part-two-creating-an-encrypted-client-side#awesm=~oB89WBfWrt21bV
|
||||
[23]:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Raspberry_Pi_Model_B_Rev._2.jpg
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
|
||||
在树莓派上建立VPN~第二部分~：建立加密客户端
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> 你已经成功搭建了一个工作中的VPN服务器! 现在该干什么了?
|
||||
|
||||
欢迎来到ReadWrite的树莓派VPN搭建教程的第二部分!
|
||||
|
||||
到现在为止, 我们已经很清楚地摆平了将你的树莓派变成了一个虚拟私人网络这个工作. 但是随着[未来安全漏洞对互联网生活的妥协][1], 让我们感觉拥有一个安全的服务器在你的身边越来越重要了. 通过这样, 你就可以不用担心有人在信息传输于你的电脑和互联网时拦截信息, 自由地写邮件以及传输数据了.
|
||||
|
||||
[如果你看了此教程的第一部分][2], 你应该在你的树莓派上已经配置完一个拥有完全功能的VPN服务器了. 你可以在有免费WiFi时用这个服务器来传输加密信息了. 你也可以访问保存于你家里网络中已分享的文件以及媒体.
|
||||
|
||||
只是, 你现在还无法访问. 我们现在已经为客户端(计算机和移动设备)创建了访问的密钥, 但是我们还没有告诉客户端服务器的访问地址, 如何连接, 以及用什么密钥访问.
|
||||
|
||||
你应该记得, 我们已经为需要连接VPN的不同客户端创建了不同的密钥. 我们将客户端命名为 Client1, Client2 和 Client3.
|
||||
|
||||
但是为每个客户端从零单独生成一个配置文件会造成很多不必要的麻烦, 这就是为什么我们需要使用[SANS institute][3]的Eric Jodoin写的巧妙的脚本. 这个脚本会帮助我们生成配置文件.
|
||||
|
||||
### 跟随脚本 ###
|
||||
|
||||
这个脚本会访问我们的默认设置, 从而为每一个客户端生成各自的配置文件. 我们需要做的第一件事是, 创建一个空的刻度文本文档并写入我们的默认配置.
|
||||
|
||||
nano /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/Default.txt
|
||||
|
||||
写入下面的文本:
|
||||
|
||||
client
|
||||
|
||||
dev tun
|
||||
|
||||
proto udp
|
||||
|
||||
remote <你的公网ip地址> 1194
|
||||
|
||||
resolv-retry infinite
|
||||
|
||||
nobind
|
||||
|
||||
persist-key
|
||||
|
||||
persist-tun
|
||||
|
||||
mute-replay-warnings
|
||||
|
||||
ns-cert-type server
|
||||
|
||||
key-direction 1
|
||||
|
||||
cipher AES-128-CBC
|
||||
|
||||
comp-lzo
|
||||
|
||||
verb 1
|
||||
|
||||
mute 20
|
||||
|
||||
这个文档应该长的和下面的截屏差不多, 除了你应该填入你自己的公网ip地址之外. 你注意到了我已经把我的公网ip删除了, 当然这是为了保护我的隐私. 换句话说, 每个人的本地静态ip都差不多. 他们都以 "192.268." 起头.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果你没有一个公网ip的话, 你需要使用动态DNS服务来给你自己一个域名来代替公网ip. 我建议你使用免费服务[DNS Dynamic][4], 它允许你取自己选择的名字. 然后在你的树莓派上, 你需要运行DDclient来自动更新你的DDNS登记. 我在[这里][5]写过一篇完整的教程.
|
||||
|
||||
同样, 按 Control+X 来保存文件并推出nano.
|
||||
|
||||
接下来, 我们需要创建一个实际的脚本. 一个可执行脚本通常从shell启动, 可以自动化一些我们需要做的工作.
|
||||
|
||||
nano /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/MakeOPVN.sh
|
||||
|
||||
[这里][6]是脚本文件, 由Jodoin编写. 将内容复制粘贴至编辑器(注意一下复制粘贴中产生的问题).
|
||||
|
||||
你需要将执行权限赋予给这个脚本. 首先改变所在目录:
|
||||
|
||||
cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/
|
||||
|
||||
然后给予其root权限. 如果你还记得第一部分教程的内容的话, Linux中的权限管理由[不同的3位数字][7]实现. 700表示"所有者可以读,写,执行".
|
||||
|
||||
chmod 700 MakeOPVN.sh
|
||||
|
||||
最后, 执行文件:
|
||||
|
||||
./MakeOPVN.sh
|
||||
|
||||
在脚本运行途中, 他会要求你输入现有的客户端名称. 实例: "Client1". 注意只输入已经存在的客户端名称.
|
||||
|
||||
如果一切运行良好的话, 你应该会看到下面这行字弹出:
|
||||
|
||||
Done! Client1.opvn Successfully Created.
|
||||
|
||||
为剩下的客户端都执行这一步.
|
||||
|
||||
最后要做的事是将客户端连上树莓派, 然后你就可以从客户端下载文件了. 你需要使用一个SCP (Secure Copy Protocol)客户端来实现它. 在Windows中, 我推荐[WinSCP][8]. 我一直在mac中使用[Fugu][9].
|
||||
|
||||
注意: 如果你没有连接SCP客户端的权限, 你需要为自己授权在此文件夹的读/写权限. 回到树莓派中输入:
|
||||
|
||||
chmod 777 -R /etc/openvpn
|
||||
|
||||
注意在你复制完文件后取消这一步, 从而其他人不能从这里下载文件! 完成之后将权限改为[600][10], 使树莓派的用户能读/写文件:
|
||||
|
||||
chmod 600 -R /etc/openvpn
|
||||
|
||||
完成后回到客户端.
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用客户端软件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
好了,困难的部分都结束了. 从这里开始我们需要将之前生成的脚本输入图形用户界面. 对PC, Android或者iOS手机来说, 你可以下载[OpenVPN Connect][11]. 但是这个软件没有mac版, 所以我尝试了[Tunnelblick][12]和[Viscosity][13].
|
||||
|
||||
Tunnelblick 是免费的, 但是Viscosity在免费30天尝试之后需要9美刀来购买. 不管怎么样, 我们来尝试下将mac连入我们的服务器吧.
|
||||
|
||||
在我的情况下, mac是我第5个连接VPN的客户端, 所以我生成的文件名叫做client5.opvn.
|
||||
|
||||
下载可以在你的OS X版本下运行的Tunnelblick. 我在使用Mavericks, 所以我下载了[beta][14]版. 虽然这个软件有很多我看起来很好笑的语言弹出, 但这真的是一个合法的下载.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
然后它会问你, 你的配置文件是.opvn或.tblk. 如果你选择了.opvn它会带你将文件格式转换成Tunnelblick本地格式. 我把Client.opvn传送至Tunnelblick提供的文件夹, 然后把文件夹的名字改为了Client5.tblk.
|
||||
|
||||
好啦, 你已经可以连接了. 点击屏幕右上方Tunnelblick的标志然后选择Client5.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
它会问你是否传输密码文本, 这个密码和上篇中我们生成各个客户端时使用的密码是同样的.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果你密码输入正确, 你会获得像上面这样的情况.
|
||||
|
||||
尝试在咖啡厅, 图书馆或任何有免费WiFi的地方连接VPN. 通过使用VPN, 即使你连接的是公共网络, 你的数据仍然是安全的.
|
||||
|
||||
教程展示于ReadWrite.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/11/building-a-raspberry-pi-vpn-part-two-creating-an-encrypted-client-side
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/10/heartbleed-security-protect-yourself-data-passwords
|
||||
[2]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/10/raspberry-pi-vpn-tutorial-server-secure-web-browsing
|
||||
[3]:http://www.sans.org/
|
||||
[4]:https://www.dnsdynamic.org/
|
||||
[5]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial
|
||||
[6]:https://gist.github.com/laurenorsini/10013430/revisions
|
||||
[7]:http://www.thinkplexx.com/learn/article/unix/command/chmod-permissions-flags-explained-600-0600-700-777-100-etc
|
||||
[8]:http://winscp.net/eng/index.php
|
||||
[9]:http://download.cnet.com/Fugu/3000-7240_4-26526.html
|
||||
[10]:http://linuxcommand.org/lts0070.php
|
||||
[11]:http://openvpn.net/
|
||||
[12]:https://code.google.com/p/tunnelblick/
|
||||
[13]:https://www.sparklabs.com/viscosity/
|
||||
[14]:https://code.google.com/p/tunnelblick/wiki/DownloadsEntry#Tunnelblick_Beta_Release
|
||||
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
日常 Ubuntu 小技巧 - 在 Ubuntu 中手工安装 Oracle 的 Java JDK 8
|
||||
每日 Ubuntu 小技巧 - 在 Ubuntu 中手动安装 Oracle Java JDK 8
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
这篇简短的教程将会演示如何在 Ubuntu 系统中安装 Oracle 公司最新发布的 Java JDK 8.这儿使用的方法是教你如何从下载页面下载安装包，然后在 Ubuntu 中安装，并未使用通过从外部的 PPA 或者从第三方源代码的安装方法。
|
||||
这篇简短的教程将会演示如何在 Ubuntu 系统中安装 Oracle 公司最新发布的 Java JDK 8。这里使用的方法是教你如何从下载页面下载安装包，然后不使用外部的 PPA 或者第三方源代码在 Ubuntu 中安装。
|
||||
|
||||
这种方法不需要依赖于第三方的源仓库。你只需要从 Oracle 的官方下载页直接下载，然后安装就行。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ JDK 8 是一个重要的发行版本，也加入了最新的叫做 Lambda 表达
|
||||
|
||||
要下载和安装 Java JDK8，请访问[下载页][2]获得最新的发行版本。根据你机器的 Ubuntu 系统的情况可以选择下载 32 位或 64 位的发行版本。
|
||||
|
||||
这儿是[下载页面][3]
|
||||
这里是[下载页面][3]
|
||||
|
||||
在下载之前，您必须接受许可协议。
|
||||
|
||||
下载文件，保存。在 Ubuntu 系统中 Firefox 浏览器会把它下载的东西自动保存到 **~/Downloads** 目录下。
|
||||
下载文件，保存。在 Ubuntu 系统中 Firefox 浏览器会默认保存到 **~/Downloads** 目录下。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -46,18 +46,18 @@ JDK 8 是一个重要的发行版本，也加入了最新的叫做 Lambda 表达
|
||||
|
||||
要验证下 Java 是否已经完全安装的话，可以运行下面的命令来测试。
|
||||
|
||||
java –version
|
||||
java –version
|
||||
|
||||
敬请享受吧！
|
||||
好好享受吧！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/03/daily-ubuntu-tips-manually-install-oracle-java-jdk-8-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/8-whats-new-2157071.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu 每日贴士- 让Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr 变得更好
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr 已于昨日发布，如果你是其中之一的安装者，你需要做一些事来提升你的使用体验。
|
||||
|
||||
对于那些更新，这可能已经做了你不必再去做它，除非你没有在Ubuntu 13.10 里做这些。
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 并不是完全开箱即用的。有一些可以提升体验的包和工具由于合法问题被Canonical排除在外。
|
||||
|
||||
这些包如果没有安装，会使观看电影，播放flash视频和收听MP3文件变得困难。由于法律或者其他原因，Ubuntu的父公司将它们排除在外。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你希望做上面这些事情，你必须继续下去来学习如何解决这些问题。
|
||||
|
||||
对于已经安装Ubuntu 13.10 并且希望升级的人，[阅读这边文章][1]，或者点击下面的链接。
|
||||
|
||||
当你已经升级或者安装了Ubuntu 14.04，打开你的命令行，接着运行下面的命令来安装缺失的可以在Ubuntu上更简易地播放媒体文件的包。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
|
||||
|
||||
当提示输入密码后，按回车继续。在安装完后，继而测试你的系统。这个包帮助安装Adobe Flash Player，MP3编码器，这样你就可以收听MP3音乐，电影插件来观看合法的DVD电影，和其他有用的事。
|
||||
|
||||
因此，无论你何时安装Ubuntu，首先试着安装这个包。这会在你使用Ubuntu时，提升你的一点体验。
|
||||
|
||||
这还有一种情况是你想要观看加密的DVD电影。在这种情形下，你需要运行下面的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install libavformat-extra-54 libavcodec-extra-54 libdvdread4
|
||||
|
||||
接着运行下面的命令，你就完成了。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh
|
||||
|
||||
最后，安装VLC媒体播放器，这是一个在Windows和Linux系统上一个很棒的观看DVD电影的程序。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install vlc
|
||||
|
||||
希望这对你有帮助。
|
||||
|
||||
享受吧！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-make-ubuntu-14-04-trusty-tahr-perform-better/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/01/daily-ubuntu-tips-upgrade-to-ubuntu-14-04-trusty-tahr-from-13-10/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
|
||||
+ translated ---------------------by tenght
|
||||
+
|
||||
|
||||
Easy Arduino: 两个项目来帮助你开始
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> 许多Arduino的项目是基于两个简单的程序。
|
||||
|
||||
能所你的电脑所不能的单片机，那就是Arduino。
|
||||
|
||||
我们每天使用的计算机是强大的，但他们根本不了解身边发生了什么事。比如说你的笔记本电脑也不能感到光或水。另外，Arduino对外专门设计成键控的。它有一个用于简化传感器通信的输入、输出板子。
|
||||
|
||||
Arduino是由Massimo Banzi和他的意大利搭档Ivrea开发的，并由Ivrea，[他最喜欢的酒吧][1]命名。Banzi希望他的设计学生们有一个原型硬件的廉价，容易的解决方案。自2005年Arduino的发布，它已经从一个教学工具发展成为世界各地制造商的DIY项目。现在有了[多模型][2]——更先进的Arduino Due，大马力，微纳米。
|
||||
|
||||
无论你购买哪个Arduino模型，当你用它来做“[互联网][3]”项目时，单片机的实用性便体现出来了——Arduino可以很容易让你连接到真实世界，云端，或两者。本书中，我们将突出显示两个超基项目以便展示Arduino可以多简单。
|
||||
|
||||
### 开始使用Arduino ###
|
||||
|
||||
在我们能够完全理解Arduino是什么之前，知道它不是什么是很重要的。Arduino不是电脑（跟卡片电脑[Raspberry Pi][4]不一样）。它不能被独立编程，需要被插入到计算机中去。它不是特别强大或Arduino Uno有[32 KB的内存][5] ，而苹果笔记本平均有8G。
|
||||
|
||||
所以为了使用Arduino，你不能只买单片机。以下的项目，你需要的是：
|
||||
|
||||
### 硬件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
- Arduino Uno. “Uno”在意大利语中是一的意思，但这并不是有史以来第一个Arduino，只是最基本的Arduino单片机的最新迭代。这些项目可以工作在任何一个模型上，但这是我用这一个。
|
||||
- B型USB线。我已经很多年没见过这些旧式的USB端口了，但你可能会通过旧的电子设备记住他们。[他们的成本约5-10美元][6]。
|
||||
- LED灯。可以直接粘在Arduino上的一个微小、发光的引脚；[这些也往往是相当便宜的][7]。
|
||||
|
||||
### 软件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
- [Arduino IDE][8]，意思是“集成开发环境，”是一个免费开源软件，用于“素描，”也就是Arduino用户所说的程序。
|
||||
|
||||
当你第一次打开Arduino IDE，你需要建立软件所使用的端口，点击“工具”——>“串口”。
|
||||
|
||||
- 在[OS X][9]上，对于Uno串口就像“/dev/tty.usbmodem”，但其他类型的Arduino板可能不同。我的是“/dev/tty.usbmodem1421”。
|
||||
- 在[Windows][10]，串口是COM3或更高，因为COM1和COM2通常保留给其他硬件。为确定端口号，你可以拔掉Arduino并重新打开IDE菜单。哪个口子不再出现哪个就是你的Arduino。
|
||||
一般来说，你不用担心拔出你的Arduino电路板。我们知道功能齐全的电脑不会这样做，包括Raspberry Pi，因为他们可以在后台运行一个重要的操作系统任务。但是Arduino就是一个单片机，除非你主动让它写内存，否则它肯定是不会的。
|
||||
|
||||
### Arduino 硬件初步: 闪烁一个LED ###
|
||||
|
||||
在这第一个项目中，我们将概述Arduino产生物理输出的最基本方式，在这个实例中，闪烁一个LED灯。
|
||||
|
||||
我们要去写一个非常简单的程序使得LED频闪——或者是当我自豪地向他展现了[我的迭代][11]时，我的朋友巧妙的跟我讲的，“一个非常小的狂欢”。本程序是基于开源项目[Blink sketch][12]，它可以在Arduino的官网找到。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，设置硬件，将LED的两个叉分别粘到Arduino的GND和引脚13上。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
一个叉略短于另外一个叉——短的这个时负极头，因此，这个接“地，”或是GND输入/输出。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*注意短的接GND.*
|
||||
|
||||
现在让我们开始写程序。首先，让我们给它命名。Arduino将忽略行内双斜杠后边的内容，所以这是为自己写注释的好方法：
|
||||
|
||||
// Program 1: Making an LED blink on and off
|
||||
|
||||
当包含硬件时，我们需要告诉Arduino在它的14跟不同的输入/输出引脚中哪儿会有信号。在这种情况下，我们固定13引脚的LED。这是我们的如何命名固定在引脚13的LED，其中“LED”只是我给的变量名：
|
||||
|
||||
int LED = 13;
|
||||
|
||||
每一个Arduino程序由两部分组成：void setup() 和 void loop()。这是能够运行的[最小的][13]Arduino程序。
|
||||
|
||||
在 **void setup()**中, 我们告诉Arduino初始化引脚为输出:
|
||||
|
||||
void setup() {
|
||||
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
在**void loop()**中，我们告诉Arduino“写”一个值到引脚13中。因为我想让它闪烁，在每排中我们要使它写四个不同命令的一个序列。你能猜出的词“loop，直到把Arduino关掉前，我们希望它继续。
|
||||
|
||||
在下面的代码中，LED代表我们分配了同一个变量。”HIGH”告诉Arduino给LED提供五伏的电源，而“LOW”提供零伏。在闪烁时，使得它延迟“1000”毫秒每一整秒：
|
||||
|
||||
void loop() {
|
||||
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
|
||||
delay(1000);
|
||||
digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
|
||||
delay(1000);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
当把它们放在一起时，整个程序如下（再次声明，Arduino忽略行内双斜杠后边的内容，所以那只是你自己的注释）：
|
||||
|
||||
// 程序 1: 使一个LED闪烁开和关
|
||||
int led = 13; // name the LED in pin 13
|
||||
void setup() {
|
||||
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); // tell Arduino the pin in question is an output
|
||||
}
|
||||
void loop() {
|
||||
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); // deliver 5V to LED
|
||||
delay(1000); // wait a second
|
||||
digitalWrite(LED, LOW); // deliver 0V to LED
|
||||
delay(1000); // wait a second
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
点击checkmark来验证你的代码是没有错误的，然后按play键。如果你的Arduino已经插入，它应该开始运行你的闪烁程序了。
|
||||
|
||||
### Arduino 软件程序: 打印到电脑上 ###
|
||||
|
||||
现在让我们来控制开关并尝试演示Arduino是如何产生数字输出的最基本工程。
|
||||
|
||||
我们将要设置Arduino “打印”，或是在您的计算机屏幕上显示信息。这个程序基于Paul Bianchi的[Arduino printing tutorial][14]。
|
||||
|
||||
在这个实例中没有硬件，这样我们就可以直接跳到程序。再次，这将发生在两个部分： **void setup()** 和 **void loop()**。
|
||||
|
||||
在**void setup()**中，我们要打开一个Arduino和计算机之间通信的线程，特别是在9600 b/s。如果你使用另一个号码，你可能会在计算机上打印出乱码而不是文字。
|
||||
|
||||
void setup() {
|
||||
Serial.begin(9600);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
在**void loop()** 中，这部分很像我们的一个LED程序。我们要给它两条独立的指令，告诉它在他们之间每一整秒中断。[Println][15]是Arduino输出到你的电脑显示的命令。**注意"Println"使用的是小写的"L,"而不是大写的"i"!**
|
||||
|
||||
void loop() {
|
||||
Serial.println(“hello”);
|
||||
delay(1000);
|
||||
Serial.println(“world.”);
|
||||
delay(1000);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
将标题和注释等放到一起，如下：
|
||||
|
||||
// 程序 2: 使Arduino打印 “Hello World”到电脑上
|
||||
void setup() {
|
||||
Serial.begin(9600); // open a 9600 baud communication line to computer
|
||||
}
|
||||
void loop() {
|
||||
Serial.println(“Hello”); // write the word “Hello”
|
||||
delay(1000); // wait a second
|
||||
Serial.println(“World”); // write the word “World”
|
||||
delay(1000); // wait a second
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
验证你的代码并运行。什么都不会显示，直到你点击Arduino IDE窗口右上角的“Serial Monitor”。你应该看到一个不停输出的“Hello World，”一遍又一遍，直到你拔掉Arduino。你会看到它的不完美：我总是有点乱码，但很快它自己就好了。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这两个Arduino项目都非常基本，但是通过执行他们你已经开始看到，可以与传感器通信和写结果到您的计算机的Arduino的潜力。如果你把这两个项目整合——例如，你可以连接一个温度计到你的Arduino，并告诉它将温度写到你的笔记本电脑，你会很快实现Arduino的可能性几乎是无止境的。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/21/easy-arduino-projects-basics-tutorials-diy-hardware#feed=/hack
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[tenght](https://github.com/tenght) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/hands-on/the-making-of-arduino/0
|
||||
[2]:http://arduino.cc/en/main/boards
|
||||
[3]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things
|
||||
[4]:http://readwrite.com/2014/01/20/raspberry-pi-everything-you-need-to-know
|
||||
[5]:http://arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardUno
|
||||
[6]:https://www.google.com/search?q=type+b+usb&espvd=210&es_sm=91&source=univ&tbm=shop&tbo=u&sa=X&ei=2iVVU9DKDIbLsATni4LwDg&ved=0CCgQsxg&biw=1436&bih=658
|
||||
[7]:https://www.google.com/search?es_sm=91&biw=1436&bih=658&tbm=shop&q=LED+light&oq=LED+light&gs_l=serp.3..0l10.65005.66134.0.66303.9.9.0.0.0.0.141.697.5j3.8.0.ehm_loc%2Chmss2%3Dfalse%2Chmnts%3D50000...0...1.1.41.serp..4.5.359.V7CTGdfZBFU
|
||||
[8]:http://arduino.cc/en/main/software#toc1
|
||||
[9]:http://arduino.cc/en/guide/macOSX#toc8
|
||||
[10]:http://arduino.cc/en/guide/windows#toc8
|
||||
[11]:http://instagram.com/p/mp6Gl7q3lU/
|
||||
[12]:http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Blink
|
||||
[13]:http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BareMinimum
|
||||
[14]:http://quarkstream.wordpress.com/2009/12/09/arduino-1-writing-and-uploading-sketches/
|
||||
[15]:http://arduino.cc/en/Serial/Println
|
||||
149
translated/tech/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md
Normal file
149
translated/tech/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
|
||||
用GNU Privacy Guard加密文件
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
加密技术可以保证你的文件使用加密形式存储，不管你是要把它公开到因特网，备份到服务器，用U盘携带，还是保存在笔记本里。加密你的数据，意味着除非是你认可的接收者，其他人都不可以读取，这样可以防止信息泄漏。
|
||||
|
||||
### GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) ###
|
||||
|
||||
GPG是GNU Privacy Guard的缩写。它是一种基于密钥的加密方式，使用了一对密钥对消息进行加密和解密，来保证消息的安全传输。一开始，用户从数字证书认证机构获取一对公钥和私钥。任何其他想给该用户发送加密消息的用户，需要先从证书机构的公共目录获取接收者的公钥，然后用公钥加密信息，再发送给接收者。当接收者收到加密消息后，他可以用自己的私钥来解密，而私钥是不应该被其他人拿到的。
|
||||
|
||||
### GPG gives you the public key and the private key. ###
|
||||
|
||||
公钥是你共享出来的一个公开密钥，它可以被发给任何你希望收到加密信息的人，他们可以使用你的公钥来加密信息。公钥本身不能用来解密自己加密过的信息，只有你自己，那个拥有对应私钥的人，能够解密。私钥是你自己的私人密码，可以用来解密用你的公钥加密过的信息。如果你把私钥泄漏给别人，那么他将可以解密并查看那些使用你的公钥加密过的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在终端里使用GPG ###
|
||||
|
||||
如今大多数的Linux发行版都默认包含了GPG。想检查一下的话，打开终端并输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --version
|
||||
|
||||
然后你应该看到版本。如果是这样的话，你不需要做其他事情了。否则，你需要从你的发行版软件仓库里安装GPG。
|
||||
|
||||
### 生成密钥 ###
|
||||
|
||||
想使用GPG来加密你的通讯，你需要先创建一对密码。首先，打开终端并运行下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --gen-key
|
||||
|
||||
然后会有如下提示：
|
||||
|
||||
Please select what kind of key you want:
|
||||
(1) DSA and Elgamal (default)
|
||||
(2) DSA (sign only)
|
||||
(5) RSA (sign only)
|
||||
Your selection?
|
||||
|
||||
这里要选择数字1，因为它可以用来加密和解密，第二和第三个选项只能让你给信息签名。按下数字1，然后按回车。
|
||||
|
||||
然后会有如下提示：
|
||||
|
||||
1 DSA key-pair will have 1024 bits.
|
||||
2 ELG-E keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
|
||||
3 What key-size do you want? (2048)
|
||||
|
||||
这里最好输入“2048”，就像GPG推荐的那样。如果你不希望你的密钥过期的话（在后面的提示里，选择0）。如果有提示说信息是否正确的话，回答Yes，然后输入你的真实名字，email地址，以及一个说明（可选的）。如果一切顺利，按下“哦”（对应着OK）然后回车。
|
||||
|
||||
在这之后，会提示你输入一个密码，密码会要求重复输入一次。通常，请使用一个难于破解的加强密码，而不推荐用名字/地址/生日/单词等等来做密码。
|
||||
|
||||
在输好密码之后，请按照终端里的提示信息做：我们需要生成大量的随机数，建议您在生成素数的过程中做一下这些动作（敲击键盘，移动鼠标，读写硬盘），这样会让随机数生成器有机会获取更大的熵。
|
||||
|
||||
生成好密钥以后，你应该会看到一条类似的提示信息：gpg: key 083C39A4 marked as ultimately trusted. public and secret key created and signed.
|
||||
|
||||
### 密钥服务器 ###
|
||||
|
||||
密钥服务器是用来发布你的公钥，并分发到其他密钥服务器，这样其他用户可以轻松的根据你数据库中的名字（或者e-mail地址）来获取你的公钥，并给你发送加密信息。这样可以避免把公钥直接拷贝给你的朋友的方式，而让其他人直接通过在线数据库来找到你。
|
||||
|
||||
上传你的公钥到密钥服务器：
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --send-keys --keyserver [keyservers.address.com] [yourpublicid]
|
||||
|
||||
你需要把keyservers.address.com替换成你选择的服务器（或者用mit.edu，它会跟其他服务器做同步），还需要把命令行中的yourpublicid替换成你的。最终执行的命令看上去会大概是下面这样子：
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --send-keys --keyserver hkp://pgp.mit.edu 083C39A4
|
||||
|
||||
### 加密文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想给你的朋友发送一个用他的公钥加密过的文件，可以用下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg -o encrypted_file.gpg --encrypt -r key-id original.file
|
||||
|
||||
命令解释：
|
||||
|
||||
-o encrypted_file.gpg = 指定输出文件
|
||||
--encrypt = 做加密
|
||||
-r = 接收者的KEY-ID，比如这里就填你朋友的KEY-ID。
|
||||
original.file = 指定要加密的文件
|
||||
|
||||
### 解密文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果有人给你发送了一个用你的公钥加密过的文件，你可以按下面的方式解密：
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --decrypt filename.gpg
|
||||
|
||||
### 对称加密 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你还可以使用GPG做对称加密，来给文件加上一个密码。这种不同于公钥加密的方式，在对称加密中，同一个密钥用于加密和解密。这种方式在处理信息的时候会简单点，但是保密性没那么好，因为需要把密码告诉接收者。下面是用密码加密文件的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg -c filename.txt
|
||||
|
||||
解密这个文件，用下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg filename.txt
|
||||
|
||||
然后，会提示你输入密码，之后就开始解密文件。
|
||||
|
||||
### 文档数字签名 ###
|
||||
|
||||
数字签名非常类似于你在信件或者重要文件的末尾签上自己的名字，它表示这份文件确实是由你发出来的。通过数字签名，它会计算整个文件内容的SHA1哈希值，然后把这个值附加到签名末尾。如果文件内容被篡改，签名的校验就会失败，可以用来鉴定伪造。如果用户自己在签名后编辑了这份文件，签名校验也会失败，因为此时文件的SHA1哈希值已经和之前签名时不同了。
|
||||
|
||||
对一份文件做数字签名，运行下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --clearsign filename.txt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 生成销毁密钥 ###
|
||||
|
||||
销毁密钥可以在你的私钥泄漏或者怀疑泄漏的时候，吊销你的公钥。使用下面的命令创建一个销毁密钥：
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --output revoke.asc --gen-revoke keyid
|
||||
|
||||
把销毁密钥保存到一个安全的地方，任何人都可以用它让你的密钥失效。（你可以用对称加密方式来加密你的销毁密钥文件。）
|
||||
|
||||
### 在终端里使用GPG的一些技巧 ###
|
||||
|
||||
通过下面的命令可以查看你已经导入的GPG密钥：
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --list-keys
|
||||
|
||||
之后应该会列出来用你e-mail注册的密钥列表（因为只会有一个密钥，所以只会列出你的密钥）然后，你可以看到自己的KEY-ID，就可以通过上文介绍的命令提交给密钥服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
显示你的密钥链中的私钥和公钥。
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --list-public-keys # 会列出来公钥
|
||||
$ gpg --list-secret-keys # 会列出来私钥
|
||||
|
||||
### 导入密钥 ###
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --import KEYFILE
|
||||
|
||||
命令中的KEYFILE应该是需要导入的公钥文件名。（如果文件不在主目录中，使用cd命令切换到该文件的目录下，再执行上面的命令）
|
||||
|
||||
### 导出公钥到文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
用下面的命令可以将你的公钥导出为ASCII格式：
|
||||
|
||||
$ gpg --export -a > publickey.asc
|
||||
|
||||
\* * * * *
|
||||
### 关于Richard White ###
|
||||
|
||||
Richard是一位技术爱好者，在不止一个场合他还被称为极客。他还是三本书的作者，最近的一本《数字时代的隐私》即将在2014年5月份出版精装本。他还是数字时代网站的主编和驱动者，数字时代的目的是提供资源和工具来实现和维护匿名，安全和隐私。Ricard经常写一些和隐私相关的文章，最近忙着写《CLI艺术》，收集开源的命令行软件。关于GNU Privacy Guard的[更多信息][1]以及如何使用GPG软件的图形界面工具，你可以访问White的数字时代网站。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20140407
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://digital-era.net/gpa-gnu-privacy-assistant/
|
||||
@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
|
||||
如何在Ubuntu中播放3D电影
|
||||
如何在 Ubuntu 中播放3D电影
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
亲爱的Linux极客们，
|
||||
亲爱的 Linux 极客们，
|
||||
|
||||
**Q:** 我下载了一部高品质3D电影，但是当我用VLC播放器播放的时候画面被分割成两个部分而且我不喜欢这么去看。
|
||||
**Q:** 我下载了一部高品质 3D 电影，但是当我用 VLC 播放器播放的时候，画面被分割成两个部分，我可不想这样欣赏我的高清大片。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在本教程中你将学习如何在Ubuntu中用名为[bino][1]的3D电影播放器来看3D电影。你可以很容易的在你的终端中执行以下命令来获取有关3D电影播放器的相关信息。
|
||||
在本教程中你将会学习如何在 Ubuntu 中用名为[bino][1]的 3D 电影播放器来观看 3D 电影。你可以在终端中执行以下命令来轻松获取有关 3D 电影播放器的相关信息。
|
||||
|
||||
apt-cache search bino
|
||||
|
||||
在你的Ubuntu电脑中打开新终端（CTRL+ALT+T），执行以下命令来安装bino。
|
||||
在你的 Ubuntu 电脑中打开新终端（CTRL+ALT+T），执行以下命令来安装 bino。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install bino
|
||||
|
||||
bino安装完成后通过应用程序，音视频，Bino来启动，或者只需在终端中输入bino并按下回车。
|
||||
bino 安装完成后通过应用程序 → 音视频 → Bino 来启动，或者只需在终端中输入 bino 并按下回车。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想播放，可以通过文件（File）点击打开（Open）来定位你的3D视频剪辑或电影。你的电影将会开始播放，但是画面会一直分成两个部分。没人喜欢这么看电影。
|
||||
如果你想播放，可以通过文件（File）点击打开（Open）来定位你的3D视频剪辑或电影。你的电影将会开始播放，但是画面仍然分成两个部分，没人喜欢这样看电影。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，找到输入（Input）选择左/右（Left/Right）选项。你将看到大变化，我确信你将喜欢上它。下面的截图说明了一切。我虽然刚开始用bino播放器，但是尝试着播放，看看我是否可以找到更多的技巧。
|
||||
现在来输入（Input）选择左/右（Left/Right）选项。你将看到很大的改变，我确信你会喜欢。下面的截图说明了一切。我虽然刚开始用bino播放器，但是尝试着播放，看看我是否可以找到更多的技巧。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ bino安装完成后通过应用程序，音视频，Bino来启动，或者只需
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/play-3d-movies-ubuntu/
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/play-3d-movies-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
|
||||
如何在Ubuntu 14.04中使用Netflix桌面应用观看Netflix
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
在Windows中观看Netflix是很容易的。你可以使用网络浏览器或者桌面程序，但这在linux中并不同。这在linux中默认并不可行，这是因为Netflix需要[Microsoft Silverlight][1]，同时由于这是"微软"的,很明显这无法在Linux上使用。所以在Linux上就没法使用Netflix了么？当然有办法。本篇中我们就会看到如何在Ubuntu 14.04上观看Netflix(或许在老版本中如13.10和13.04等也可以)。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何在Ubuntu 14.04 中观看Netflix: ###
|
||||
|
||||
我们需要用到[Pipelight][2]，一个通过[Wine][3]来在Linux上支持Silverlight的项目。这个项目仍在beta状态，但是已经工作的很好了。让我们看看如何在Ubuntu 14.04上安装Pipelight。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在Ubuntu 14.04 上安装Pipelight ####
|
||||
|
||||
要感谢Pipelight团队的PPA，在Ubuntu14.04上安装Pipelight是很方便的。打开一个终端并且运行依次运行下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:pipelight/stable
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install pipelight-multi
|
||||
|
||||
安装包大概有450MB左右因此如果你的网络连接很慢的话可能会花费一些时间。同样，Pipelight在beta状态，因此到这里检查一下安装指令（以防将来有什么变化）。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 启用 Sliverlight 来播放 Netflix ####
|
||||
|
||||
通常Pipelight已经默认启用了silverlight插件，但是为了万无一失，使用下面的命令启用Silverlight:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo pipelight-plugin --enable silverlight
|
||||
|
||||
这里要接受两个条件，一旦你做了，它会花费一些时间来安装Silverlight。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 Ubuntu 14.04 中安装Netflix桌面应用 ####
|
||||
|
||||
此时你应该可以在web浏览器中使用Netflix了。但是Pipelight项目还提供了更多。刚才我们使用的PPA同样还有对于Ubuntu的Netflix的桌面应用，使用下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install netflix-desktop
|
||||
|
||||
安装完成后，你可以在Unity Dash中找到Netflix。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
At first run, it will install some Wine related stuff. Let it do that. Afterwards, it should run fine:
|
||||
第一次启动时，它会安装Wine相关的一些东西。让它自己做好了。在这之后，它就会正常运行了:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 在USA之外的Ubuntu上使用Netflix : ###
|
||||
|
||||
你注意到上面的Netflix桌面应用了么？它说Netflix不支持我所在的国家地区(也就是说，法国)。我不是Netflix的粉丝但是我写了一篇[如何在美国之外轻松观看Netflix][4]。如果你想要在美国之外观看Netflix，你需要改变DNS设置。Tunlr是一个已经关闭的免费服务。
|
||||
|
||||
作为替代，我使用 [Unlocator][5]，在beta状态下还是免费的。很容易使用且体验良好。Unlocator现在不再免费了，但是如果你愿意每月花$5，[Unlocator][5]是一个很棒的DNS解锁服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/netflix-ubuntu-1404-desktop-app/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.microsoft.com/silverlight/
|
||||
[2]:http://fds-team.de/cms/articles/2013-08/pipelight-using-silverlight-in-linux-browsers.html
|
||||
[3]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_(software)
|
||||
[4]:http://itsfoss.com/easiest-watch-netflix-hulu-usa/
|
||||
[5]:http://goo.gl/QHT0oq
|
||||
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
|
||||
如何给任何Linux发行版添加漂亮的字体
|
||||
如何给任何一款 Linux 发行版添加漂亮的字体
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**接下来的教程将教所有的Linux用户怎么简单的将漂亮的字体添加到自己的操作系统。我们已经为Debian，Arch Linux，openSUSE，Slackware和Fedora发行版编写了详细的介绍。**
|
||||
**接下来的教程将指导所有 Linux 用户怎么简单的将漂亮的字体添加到自己的操作系统。我们已经为 Debian、Arch Linux、openSUSE、Slackware 和 Fedora 发行版编写了详细的介绍。**
|
||||
|
||||
正如你们许多人已经知道的，几乎所有基于Linux操作系统的主要缺点就是默认选择的字体并不令最终的用户满意，尤其是那些从Windows或者Mac OS X等操作系统迁移过来的用户。
|
||||
正如许多用户所知，几乎所有基于 Linux 的操作系统主要缺点就是默认选择的字体并不令终端用户满意，尤其是那些从 Windows 或者 Mac OS X 等操作系统迁移过来的用户。
|
||||
|
||||
除了使用自己的一套字体使它一开始就看起来相当漂亮的Ubuntu，其他的所有Linux发行版都有丑陋字体的毛病。正因如此，许多用户试图创建一种新的方法来增强文字在各个发行版中渲染效果。
|
||||
除了使用自己的一套字体的Ubuntu，从一开始就看起来就相当漂亮，其它所有 Linux 发行版都有字体丑陋的缺点。正因如此，许多用户试图创建一种新的方法来增强文字在各个发行版中渲染效果。
|
||||
|
||||
这就是Infinality项目产生的原因，其主要目的是通过添加补丁来为使用任何基于Linux的操作系统的用户提供最好的字体渲染效果。
|
||||
这就是 Infinality 项目产生的原因，其主要目的是通过添加补丁来为使用任何基于 Linux 操作系统的用户提供最好的字体渲染效果。
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Arch Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@
|
||||
|
||||
2. 执行 sudo pacman -Syu 命令用来刷新仓库，然后运行 `sudo pacman -S infinality-bundle infinality-bundle-multilib ibfonts-meta-extended` （用于64位系统） 或者 `sudo pacman -S infinality-bundle ibfonts-meta-extended` （用于32位系统）。
|
||||
|
||||
3. 当被询问是否替换fontconfig软件包的freetype2时，回答YES。完成后重启你的计算机。
|
||||
3. 当被询问是否替换 fontconfig 软件包的 freetype2 时，回答YES。完成后重启你的计算机。
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Fedora ###
|
||||
### Infinality for Fedora ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. 在终端窗口中执行如下命令
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -38,15 +38,15 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for openSUSE ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. 添加Infinality官方仓库 `http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/namtrac:/subpixel/openSUSE_13.1/` ，打开YaST中的库选项卡，选择namtrac:subpixel仓库，并打击“切换系统包的版本到这个仓库”。
|
||||
1. 添加 Infinality 官方仓库 `http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/namtrac:/subpixel/openSUSE_13.1/` ，打开YaST中的库选项卡，选择namtrac:subpixel仓库，并打击“切换系统包的版本到这个仓库”。
|
||||
|
||||
2. 标记namtrac:subpixel中所有还没有安装的包来进行安装，然后从openSUSE官方软件仓库中安装fontconfig-infinality包。
|
||||
2. 标记 namtrac:subpixel 中所有还没有安装的包来进行安装，然后从 openSUSE 官方软件仓库中安装 fontconfig-infinality 包。
|
||||
|
||||
3. 在字体设置选项里将Subpixel Hinting选择为“使用系统涉资”，或者设置为带有微调的RGB顺序。重启你的系统。
|
||||
3. 在字体设置选项里将 Subpixel Hinting 选择为“使用系统设置”，或者设置为带有微调的 RGB 顺序。重启你的系统。
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Slackware ###
|
||||
|
||||
详细的安装指南在[http://someslack.wordpress.com/infinality-on-slackware/][1]被提供。
|
||||
详细的安装指南：[http://someslack.wordpress.com/infinality-on-slackware/][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### Infinality for Debian ###
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
|
||||
echo “deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/no1wantdthisname/ppa/ubuntu raring main” | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/infinality.list
|
||||
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E985B27B
|
||||
|
||||
2. 执行以下命令来升级你的系统并安装Infinality包：
|
||||
2. 执行以下命令来升级你的系统并安装 Infinality 包：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
@@ -64,15 +64,15 @@
|
||||
|
||||
3. 重启你的计算机。
|
||||
|
||||
如果任何其他的Linux发行版在上文中没有被提到的话，请使用官方的介绍：[https://github.com/Infinality/fontconfig-infinality/tree/master/infinality][2]。通常，当你使用本教程过程中遇到任何问题都可以在下面评论，不要犹豫。
|
||||
对于任何文中没有提到的其它 Linux 发行版，请使用官方的介绍：[https://github.com/Infinality/fontconfig-infinality/tree/master/infinality][2]。跟以往一样，当你使用本教程过程中遇到任何问题都可以在下面评论，不要犹豫。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Add-Beautiful-Fonts-to-Any-Linux-Distribution-434835.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[SCUSJS](https://github.com/scusjs) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[SCUSJS](https://github.com/scusjs) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://someslack.wordpress.com/infinality-on-slackware/
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/Infinality/fontconfig-infinality/tree/master/infinality
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/Infinality/fontconfig-infinality/tree/master/infinality
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
|
||||
How to monitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser
|
||||
如何从Web浏览器远程监视Linux服务器和桌面
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
When it comes to monitoring a Linux box, there are more than enough options to choose from. While there are many production-quality monitoring solutions (e.g., Nagios, Zabbix, Zenoss), boasting of fancy UI, monitoring scalability, comprehensive reporting capabilities, etc., these solutions are probably an overkill for most of us end users. If all you need is to check the basic status (e.g., CPU load, memory usage, active processes) of a remote Linux server or desktop, consider [linux-dash][1].
|
||||
当你要监视一台Linux机器时，你会有很多的选择。虽然这里有很多产品质量监控方案(比如 Nagios、 Zabbix、 Zenoss)，它们拥有华丽的UI，可扩展监控，易于理解的报告等等，这些方案对于大多数终端用户都过于强大了。如果你只需检查Linux服务器或桌面的基本状态（比如，CPU负载、内存使用、活跃进程），就请考虑一下[linux-dash][1]
|
||||
|
||||
linux-dash is a web-based lightweight monitoring dashboard for Linux machines, which can display, in real-time, various system properties, such as CPU load, RAM usage, disk usage, Internet speed, network connections, RX/TX bandwidth, logged-in users, running processes etc. linux-dash does not come with any backend database for storing long-term statistics. Simply drop in linux-dash app in an existing web server (e.g., Apache, Nginx), and you are good to go. It is a quick and easy way to set up remote monitoring for personal projects.
|
||||
linux-dash是一款面向Linux机器的基于web的轻量级监控面板，可以事实显示不同的系统属性，比如CPU负载、内存使用、磁盘使用、网络速度、网络连接、RX/TX带宽、登陆用户、运行中的进程等等。linux-dash没有后端数据库库来存储长期统计。在任何已有web服务器(如Apache、Nginx)上运行linux-dash，你就可以用了。这是一个快速又简单的方法来对个人项目进行远程监控。
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial, I am going to describe **how to set up linux-dash in Nginx web server on Linux**. Nginx is preferred over Apache web server due to its lightweight engine.
|
||||
在这篇教程中，我会描述**如何在Linux的Nginx web服务器上设置linux-dash**。Nginx在这里比Apache更好因为它更轻量。
|
||||
|
||||
### Set up linux-dash on Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint ###
|
||||
### 在Debian、Ubuntu或者Linux Mint上设置linux-dash ###
|
||||
|
||||
First, install Nginx web server with php-fpm.
|
||||
首先，安装带php-fpm的Nginx web服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install git nginx php5-json php5-fpm php5-curl
|
||||
|
||||
Configure Nginx for linux-dash app by creating /etc/nginx/conf.d/linuxdash.conf as follows. In this example, we are going to use port 8080.
|
||||
为linux-dash创建如下Nginx配置文件/etc/nginx/conf.d/linuxdash.conf。 本例中，我们使用8080端口。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/linuxdash.conf
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ Configure Nginx for linux-dash app by creating /etc/nginx/conf.d/linuxdash.conf
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Disable the default site configuration.
|
||||
禁止默认站点配置。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
|
||||
|
||||
Configure php-fpm by editing /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf. Make sure to edit "user", "group" and "listen" directives as shown below. You can keep the rest of the configuration unchanged.
|
||||
编辑/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf来配置php-fpm。确保按如下编辑"user", "group" 和 "listen"指令。你可以不改变剩下的配置。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo vi /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -65,26 +65,26 @@ Configure php-fpm by editing /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf. Make sure to edit "u
|
||||
> listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock
|
||||
> . . .
|
||||
|
||||
Proceed to download and install linux-dash.
|
||||
开始下载并安装linux-dash。
|
||||
|
||||
$ git clone https://github.com/afaqurk/linux-dash.git
|
||||
$ sudo cp -r linux-dash/ /var/www/
|
||||
$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www
|
||||
|
||||
Restart Nginx web server as well as php5-fpm to finalize installation.
|
||||
重启Nginx与php-fpm来完成安装。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service php5-fpm restart
|
||||
$ sudo service nginx restart
|
||||
|
||||
### Set up linux-dash on CentOS, Fedora or RHEL ###
|
||||
### 在CentOS、Fedora、RHEL上设置linux-dash ###
|
||||
|
||||
On CentOS, it is necessary to [enable EPEL repository][2] first.
|
||||
在CentOS上，需要首先[启用EPEL仓库][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Install Nginx web server and php-fpm component.
|
||||
安装Nginx与php-fpm组件。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install git nginx php-common php-fpm
|
||||
|
||||
To configure Nginx for linux-dash app, create /etc/nginx/conf.d/linuxdash.conf as follows.
|
||||
为linux-dash程序配置Nginx，如下创建/etc/nginx/conf.d/linuxdash.conf
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/linuxdash.conf
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ To configure Nginx for linux-dash app, create /etc/nginx/conf.d/linuxdash.conf a
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Next, configure php-fpm by editing /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf. In this file, make sure to set "listen", "user" and "group" fields as below. You can leave the rest of the configuration unchanged.
|
||||
接下来，编辑/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf来配置php-fpm。在这个文件中，确保按如下编辑"user", "group" 和 "listen"字段。你可以不改变剩下的配置。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -133,26 +133,26 @@ Next, configure php-fpm by editing /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf. In this file, make s
|
||||
> group = nginx
|
||||
> . . .
|
||||
|
||||
Download and install linux-dash under /var/www.
|
||||
在/var/wwwx下载并安装linux-dash。
|
||||
|
||||
$ git clone https://github.com/afaqurk/linux-dash.git
|
||||
$ sudo cp -r linux-dash/ /var/www/
|
||||
$ sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, restart Nginx web server as well as php-fpm, and set them to auto-start upon boot.
|
||||
最后，重启Nginx和php-fpm，并设置开机自启。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service php-fpm restart
|
||||
$ sudo service nginx restart
|
||||
$ sudo chkconfig nginx on
|
||||
$ sudo chkconfig php-fpm on
|
||||
|
||||
In this example, we have configured linux-dash to use TCP port 8080. So make sure that the firewall is not blocking TCP port 8080.
|
||||
在本例中，我们已经配置linux-dash使用TCP端口8080。所以确保防火墙没有阻止TCP 8080端口。
|
||||
|
||||
### Monitor a Linux Machine with linux-dash ###
|
||||
### 用linux-dash监视Linux机器 ###
|
||||
|
||||
To access linux-dash from a web browser, simply go to http://<linux-IP-address>:8080/linux-dash/ on your web browser.
|
||||
要在web浏览器上访问linux-dash，只需在web浏览器中输入http://<linux ip地址>:8080/linux-dash/
|
||||
|
||||
Below are the screenshots of linux-dash. The web dashboard consists of several widgets, each of which displays particular system properties. You can customize the look of the web dashboard by rearranging and/or closing some of the widgets. [Here][3] is a demo site set up by the creator of linux-dash.
|
||||
下面是linux-dash的截图。web面板包含了几个小部件，每个都会显示特性的系统参数。你可以通过重安排并且/或者关闭一些小部件来自定义web面板的外观。[这里][3]是一个linux-dash创建者的演示站点。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -163,10 +163,10 @@ Below are the screenshots of linux-dash. The web dashboard consists of several w
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/monitor-linux-server-desktop-remotely-web-browser.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://github.com/afaqurk/linux-dash
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
|
||||
[3]:http://afaq.dreamhosters.com/linux-dash/
|
||||
[3]:http://afaq.dreamhosters.com/linux-dash/
|
||||
53
translated/tech/How to speed read on Linux.md
Normal file
53
translated/tech/How to speed read on Linux.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
||||
如何在Liunx中“快速阅读”？
|
||||
===============================
|
||||
你听说过“快速阅读”吗？说实话我也没有。直到一个名叫Spritz的新型公司[筹集了350万种子基金][1]来开发使用户能够实现每分钟阅读1000个单词的一个API。
|
||||
|
||||
“快速阅读”的概念十分简单：将一文本分割成一个个独立短小的部分，像一两个单词，然后使这些部分迅速地闪过屏幕。在这一阅读过程中，读者的眼睛完全不需要运动，从而减少读者平常阅读中花费的不必要的浏览页面的时间。因为这是一件相对较新的技术，我们完全不知道在这样的阅读速度下，你的大脑是否会爆炸或者崩溃。不，实际上[这技术是十分安全的][2]，因为你的大脑运行地足够快来处理这些信息。这个API应该会变得十分顺手一旦人们习惯了这种阅读方式。相比你像我一样已经对这项技术的到来已经激动万分了，但我并不想等待，而是更快地习惯这种阅读方式。好消息是：现在你就可以在你最喜爱的操作系统下尝试“快速阅读”了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Spread0r###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
基于Perl和GTK2，[spread0r][3]（曾名为Gritz）是一个GPL软件，它以文本文档作为输入，然后将文本内容在你眼前以最高1000词每分钟速度闪过。当然你可以先尝试较慢的速度，来慢慢熟悉它。软件的用户界面十分简介，功能按键几乎极简：开始文章阅读，选择阅读速度，推出等等。这个软件也有一些需要改进的地方，我建议使其能够支持除了文本文档之外的其他文件作为输入（当然你也可以自己转换格式），另外也可以考虑加入“无干扰”模式。不管怎样，这款软件是十分高大上的。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以通过从[github][4]中下载源码并启动“spread0r.pl”文件来尝试Spread0r。注意你先需要在你的操作系统中安装GTK2以及Perl.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install libgtk2-perl (for Debian/Ubuntu)
|
||||
$ sudo pacman -S gtk2-perl (for Archlinux)
|
||||
$ sudo yum install perl-gtk2 (for Fedora)
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Spread ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
出电子书以及word文档之外，我在电脑中阅读最多的就是来自网络的文章了（是的，只是一个meta）。但是事情会变得十分麻烦如果我需要复制并黏贴我需要阅读的文本到一个文本编辑器中，将其保存为一个txt文档，然后用Spread0r打开。幸运的是，Chrome的一个拓展程序[Spread][5]会为我们处理这个需求。在你的Chrome浏览器中安装并启用Spread之后，你只需要选择你想要“快速阅读”的文本，在选取内右击，然后选择“Spreed selected text.”这个拓展程序会开启一个新窗口，你选择的文本就会在那个窗口中为你进行快速阅读。我喜欢这个和Chrome的整合，以及这个拓展程序中所包含的思想。比如说，你可以选择窗口的配色，一次快速阅读的文本量，字体大小，通过空格键控制的开始以及暂停，你甚至可以进行高于4,000词每分钟的快速阅读（但这已经不是快速阅读了，你只能看到零星的闪烁）。
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Squirt ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果您喜欢在浏览器中快速阅读的点子，但是你不使用Chrome，也不喜欢“拓展程序”的想法，对此的解决方案是书签[Squirt][6]。除了Squirt这个不明觉厉名字之外，Squirt是我现在最喜欢的快速阅读工具。它十分高效并且使用简单。从[这里][7]加入它，通过把那个蓝色大按钮拖进你最喜欢的书签栏中。然后你就可以在任何网页中打开它，无论是否选中了阅读文本——一个白色的面板会出现在当前页面之上。你可以凭直觉来控制阅读文本。用户界面十分漂亮，而且它也可以实现4,000词以上的阅读速度。
|
||||
|
||||
### Bonus: Zethos ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果之前提及的方案没有一个能使你满意，而且你是一名程序员，你会很高兴地发现有一个叫做[Zethos][8]的免费及开源的JS项目，你可以通过使用它来开发你自己的“快速阅读”应用。你可以在[github][9]上查看代码，并为作者喝彩。
|
||||
|
||||
总而言之，你现在没有理由忽视在你最爱的操作系统进行“快速阅读”了。你只需要防止你的大脑被烧焦就行了。你更喜欢以上的哪个解决方案呢？或者你有另外更好的选择？你认为“快速阅读”在未来能够发展吗？在评论区中评论让我们知道你的想法。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/speed-read-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://techcrunch.com/2014/03/10/spritz-seed/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.spritzinc.com/faq/
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/xypiie/spread0r
|
||||
[4]:https://github.com/xypiie/spread0r
|
||||
[5]:https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/spreed-speed-read-the-web/ipikiaejjblmdopojhpejjmbedhlibno
|
||||
[6]:http://www.squirt.io/
|
||||
[7]:http://www.squirt.io/install.html
|
||||
[8]:http://zethos.zolmeister.com/
|
||||
[9]:https://github.com/Zolmeister/Zethos
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu After Install – 帮你在Ubuntu 14.04/13.10/13.04/12.10/12.04上自动安装流行的软件
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
在你刚刚更新或者是安装了一个新的Ubuntu桌面版之后，你是不是想安装一些有用的并且必要的软件呢？当然。但是，为了打造一个完美的Ubuntu系统，你会需要付出很大的努力。你还会吗？你会怎么去做？你真的会去手动通过添加软件源或者是下载**.deb**包去寻找和安装每一个软件？或者不分青红皂白安装所有的软件？我觉得这将是一个漫长的过程，并且你们也不知道你们需要什么软件去打造这么一个完美的Ubuntu桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
好的，如果有一个简单的工具能让你达到上面的目的，且只需要你点击两下鼠标，你会怎么做？这真会有一个简单的并且有趣的工具，帮助我们安装所有的必须和流行的软件，并且只需要双击鼠标？是的，还真有。为了满足你的好奇心，我可以很负责任的告诉你，这就是**Ubuntu After Install**。
|
||||
|
||||
**Ubuntu After Install**是用来在安装Ubuntu桌面之后安装一些最好的和必要的软件的工具。还有，它还包含了许多有用的应用程序，并且可以自动执行安装过程新安装的机器，让它接近完美的桌面。我不敢说它可以提供给所有用户一个完美的桌面，但一个近乎完美的桌面绝对是可以的。这个工具不仅可以节省您的时间和精力，而且会自动添加相应的PPA来自动更新，让你始终使用着最新的软件。
|
||||
|
||||
**Ubuntu After Install**会安装的软件的完整名单如下：
|
||||
|
||||
- **Ubuntu Restricted Extras**: 视频解码和Flash支持
|
||||
- **libdvdcss** DVD重放
|
||||
- **Unity Tweak Tool** 优化你的Ubuntu桌面
|
||||
- **Variety** Ubuntu桌面壁纸切换
|
||||
- **Google Chrome** 可能是世界上最好的浏览器
|
||||
- **LibreOffice** 完全开源的办公软件
|
||||
- **Skype** 提供文字，声音，视频聊天
|
||||
- **Grive Tools** 同步你的Google Driver
|
||||
- **DropBox** 同步你的DropBox存储
|
||||
- **VLC** 能播放你能想象的视频文件
|
||||
- **XBMC** 一个媒体中心软件
|
||||
- **Radio Tray** 一款不错的基于面板的广播系统
|
||||
- **GIMP** 强大的图片编辑软件
|
||||
- **Darktable** 允许摄影师编辑RAW文件
|
||||
- **Inkscape** 开源矢量图形编辑软件
|
||||
- **Scribus** 专业的桌面发布软件
|
||||
- **Samba** 允许Windows网络共享
|
||||
- **PDF Tools** 合并、剪切、添加、修改PDF文档工具
|
||||
- **OpenShot** 流行的视频编辑软件
|
||||
- **Kdenlive** 更加先进的视频编辑软件
|
||||
- **Handbrake** 将视频和DVD转换为移动端可播放格式
|
||||
- **Audacity** 声音，音乐编辑工具
|
||||
- **Steam** Linuxu游戏平台
|
||||
- **KeePass** 安全的储存你的密码
|
||||
- **Shutter** 让你很容易的截屏
|
||||
- **FileZilla** FTP工具
|
||||
- **p7zip** 强大的7zip压缩/解压工具
|
||||
- 还有一些即将到来的新特性
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu 12.04或者更新的系统上 安装‘Ubuntu After Install’ ###
|
||||
|
||||
添加‘Ubuntu After Install’ PPA 并且执行以下命令
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:thefanclub/ubuntu-after-install
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-after-install
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以手动下载 .deb 文件 [这][1], 并且手动安装.
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用说明 ###
|
||||
|
||||
安装完Ubuntu-After-Install之后，你只需要从Dash或者菜单里启动他即可。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这就是Ubuntu-after-install的外观。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
正如你在上面的截图中看到，它会显示所有有用的软件。已经被安装了软件会标有绿色的色点，且默认不会选中。如果某一款软件不适用于您的Ubuntu版本，那么它将被标记为红色圆点。还有，标志着橙色的软件则是需要重新安装和更新的。清楚了吗？
|
||||
|
||||
现在，选择您想要安装并按下按钮**立即安装**。所选软件的PPA将会自动添加到系统中，并且也会在系统上自动安装。听起来不错，不是吗？
|
||||
|
||||
例如，在这里我只想安装在我的Ubuntu14.04系统上安装p7zip。所以我只选择了p7zip的包，并取消其他的程序。只需要轻轻点击**立即安装**按钮，就可以开始安装。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在，安装程序会在你电脑上自动添加p7zip的PPA并且安装它。而且一切都将自动在后台完成。所以，你什么都不需要做。只需要，要放松心情，喝杯咖啡，观看安装。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果软件已经安装成功，它将被标记为绿色的色点。请记住，一次安装所有的应用程序将需要一段时间取决于您的Internet连接速度来完成的，这是安装过程一旦开始，强行取消是非常不可取的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 结论 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在之前，我们刚刚提到了[Ubuntu Tweak][2]。 **Ubuntu Tweak**和**Ubuntu After Install**是类似的工具, 但是Ubuntu Tweak有着比Ubuntu After Install更多的特点。 Ubuntu After Tool只是为了帮你安装了所有最好的和日常使用的软件, 而Ubuntu的调整工具会做对额外的东西，如定制您的Ubuntu桌面和更多。
|
||||
|
||||
不要再在网络上寻找所谓的Ubuntu必备软件上浪费你的宝贵的时间。Ubuntu Tweak和Ubuntu After Install就是为了帮助那些正在寻找Ubuntu必备软件的人准备的。所以，不要再犹豫，马上使用他们！
|
||||
|
||||
希望他能帮助你，就说这么多了。
|
||||
|
||||
祝你好运!
|
||||
|
||||
Source & Reference:
|
||||
|
||||
- [The Fan Club Website][3]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/ubuntu-install-automate-installation-popular-softwares-ubuntu-14-0413-1013-0412-1012-04/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.thefanclub.co.za/sites/all/modules/pubdlcnt/pubdlcnt.php?file=http://www.thefanclub.co.za/sites/default/files/public/downloads/ubuntu-after-install_2.4_all.deb&nid=121
|
||||
[2]:http://www.unixmen.com/after-a-fresh-install-of-ubuntu-1010-maverick-meerkat-configuration-made-easy-with-ubuntu-tweak/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.thefanclub.co.za/how-to/ubuntu-after-install
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user