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北梦南歌
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@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How do you contribute to open source without code?"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/19/4/contribute-without-code"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Chris Hermansen https://opensource.com/users/clhermansen"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14514-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
如何以非代码形式贡献开源
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> 事实上，有无穷无尽的方法来为开源做贡献，其中一个简单的方法就是回答我们的投票问题。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你是如何参与开源贡献的呢？我们组织了一个投票，结果如下：
|
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|
||||
* 提交错误报告 - 67 票（35%）
|
||||
* 解答用户的问题 - 39 票（20%）
|
||||
* 写作（指南、故事、文档等） - 73 票（38%）
|
||||
* 其他 - 12 票（6%）
|
||||
|
||||
我的第一次开源贡献可以追溯到 20 世纪 80 年代中期，当时我们的机构第一次连上了 [UseNet][2]，在那里我们发现了贡献代码，以及在其开发和支持过程中和别人分享的机会。
|
||||
|
||||
在今天，我们有无尽的贡献开源的机会。无论是贡献代码，还是制作一个视频教程，都是贡献的一种途径。
|
||||
|
||||
不过，我将直接跳过整个贡献代码的部分。诚然，我们中有许多写代码但不认为自己是开发者的人，他们也可以 [贡献代码][3]。但是，我更想提醒大家，还存在很多 [非代码形式可以贡献开源][4]。接下来，我会谈到其中的三种。
|
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|
||||
### 提交错误报告
|
||||
|
||||
有一种重要而具体的贡献形式，它可以被描述为“不要畏惧 [提交一个像样的错误报告][6]”以及 [与此相关的所有后果][5]。有时，要 [提交一个像样的错误报告][6] 是很有挑战性的。比如说：
|
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|
||||
* 某些错误可能很难记录或描述。当计算机启动时，屏幕上可能会出现又长又复杂的信息，其中包含各种不能理解的代码。或者屏幕上可能显示有一些“异常行为”，但是却没有提供具体的错误信息。
|
||||
* 某些错误可能很难重现。它可能只发生在某些特定的硬件/软件配置上，或者它可能很少被触发，或者错误的产生场景不明确。
|
||||
* 某些错误可能与一个非常特殊的开发环境配置有关，但是这个配置庞杂混乱，无法分享，需要先耗费大量精力创建一个精简后的例子才行。
|
||||
* 当向发行版报告一个错误时，维护者可能会建议将该错误提交给上游，这有时会需要付出大量的工作，因为发行版所提供的版本不是上游社区感兴趣的主要版本。（当发行版提供的版本落后于官方支持的发布和开发版本时，就会有这种情况发生）。
|
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|
||||
尽管如此，我还是鼓励那些潜在的错误报告者（包括我）继续努力，并尝试让错误得到完整的记录和确认。
|
||||
|
||||
但如何开始呢？你可以使用你最喜欢的搜索工具寻找类似的错误报告，看看它们是如何描述的，它们被归档在哪里，等等。你也可以留意你使用的发行版（例如，[Fedora][7]、[openSUSE][8]、[Ubuntu][9]）或软件包（[LibreOffice][10]、[Mozilla][11]）的错误报告页面，它们定义了正式的报告机制，你可以按步骤为他们报告相关错误。
|
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|
||||
### 解答用户的问题
|
||||
|
||||
我潜伏在各种邮件列表和 [论坛][13] 里，偶尔也会冒个泡，例如 [Ubuntu 质量控制团队][12] 和 [论坛][13]、[LinuxQuestions.org][14]，以及 [ALSA 用户的邮件列表][15] 等。在这里，我的贡献可能与错误报告的关系不大，更多的是记录复杂的用例。不过，看到有人热心帮助他人，解决他人在某个问题上的遇到的麻烦，对每个人来说，这都是无疑一种很棒的体验。
|
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|
||||
### 从事开源相关的写作
|
||||
|
||||
最后，另一个我非常喜欢贡献的领域是 [撰写][16] 关于使用开源软件的文章。无论是使用指南，还是对某一特定问题的不同解决方案进行比较评估，或者只是笼统地探索一个感兴趣的领域（就我而言，是使用开源音乐播放软件来享受音乐）。一个类似的选择是制作一个教学视频。你很容易就可以做到边演示一些复杂的桌面操作（比如用 GIMP 创建一个绚丽的标志），边 [录制桌面][17]。而那些精通两种或多种语言的人，也可以考虑将现有的使用指南或视频翻译成另一种语言。
|
||||
|
||||
（LCTT 译注：读了这篇文章，你是不是想要马上投身于开源贡献呢？那么请考虑加入“Linux 中国翻译组（LCTT）”吧！我们有能帮助你快速上手翻译的 [维基][18]，有热心友爱的 QQ 群，你甚至还能够在我们的官网上获得属于自己的译者专页……心动了吗？那就立刻行动起来吧！阅读 [维基][18] 以了解如何加入我们。）
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/contribute-without-code
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Chris Hermansen][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/clhermansen
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/dandelion_blue_water_hand.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/open-science-git
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/life/16/1/8-ways-contribute-open-source-without-writing-code
|
||||
[5]: https://producingoss.com/en/bug-tracker.html
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/3/bug-reporting
|
||||
[7]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/howto-file-a-bug/
|
||||
[8]: https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Submitting_bug_reports
|
||||
[9]: https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/report-ubuntu-bug.html.en
|
||||
[10]: https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/QA/BugReport
|
||||
[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/QA/Bug_writing_guidelines
|
||||
[12]: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/QATeam
|
||||
[13]: https://ubuntuforums.org/
|
||||
[14]: https://www.linuxquestions.org/
|
||||
[15]: https://www.alsa-project.org/wiki/Mailing-lists
|
||||
[16]: https://opensource.com/users/clhermansen
|
||||
[17]: https://opensource.com/education/16/10/simplescreenrecorder-and-kazam
|
||||
[18]: https://lctt.github.io/wiki/intro/lctt.html
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
|
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[#]: subject: (Getting Started With Markdown [Beginner’s Guide])
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Bill Dyer https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/)
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (hwlife)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-14503-1.html)
|
||||
|
||||
Markdown 初学者指南
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在我的工作中，我经常要写代码、写与代码相配套的文档、创建网页、进行文本恢复项目。我在学校的时候还写过几篇正式的论文，也包括写课堂笔记，几乎每节课都写。
|
||||
|
||||
我几乎在我所有的写作中都使用 Markdown，它对我来说是一个节省时间的好工具。
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中，我将分享我使用 Markdown 的体会。你将会了解以下内容：
|
||||
|
||||
* 什么是 Markdown ？
|
||||
* 它是怎么工作的？
|
||||
* Markdown 的基本语法和怎样使用它们。
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是 Markdown ？
|
||||
|
||||
假如你是 Markdown 新手，它是一个为网络写手转换文本到 HTML 格式的工具。Markdown 文档遵循一种特定的语法，容易阅读和写作。它们是纯文本，所以能够通过电脑上的任何文本编辑器来创建。然后这些文档能够转换成网页 —— 而网页是用一个叫做 HTML 的语言标记创建的。
|
||||
|
||||
Markdown 只是一种不必（即使知道怎么做）写 HTML 代码就能够创建网页的方式。实际上，如果你不转换成 HTML 的话，Markdown 甚至是个对纯文本格式化的好方法。有人曾这样对我描述 Markdown ：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> “ _它不是所见即所得，而是所见即所意_ ”。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，Markdown 不只是一个简单的格式化体系，它也是一个纯文本格式转化到 HTML 的一个软件工具。
|
||||
|
||||
这就是为什么语法很重要。如果你想在网页上起个标题，Markdown 将会基于你标题前面的字符来创建。Markdown 的一些语法示例如截图所示：
|
||||
|
||||
![Markdown to HTML conversion][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### 所以我怎样才能使纯文本文件转换成 HTML 格式呢?
|
||||
|
||||
John Gruber 的 Markdown 是一个运行在命令行上的 Perl 脚本。也就是说，它可以读取你创建的 Markdown 文本并用它来构建网页。
|
||||
|
||||
由于有 [许多著名的编辑器][2] 可以为你做这个转换，我在这里尽量避免使用命令行。不仅如此，许多这样的编辑器会让你写下你的文本，并同时向你展示网页的样子（称为渲染）。
|
||||
|
||||
Markdown 编辑器总的来说设置了两帧：左边部分是你要写你文本的地方，右边部分是用 HTML 语言显示给你格式化后文本的样子：
|
||||
|
||||
![Most Markdown editors have two panes to write and preview the text][3]
|
||||
|
||||
当你用它满意地完成你的写作，只需保存 Markdown 文件即可。就像这样，之后一旦你需要编辑和修改的时候，你就会用到它。文件保存后，你可以用编辑器将 Markdown 文档导出为 HTML 格式的文档。
|
||||
|
||||
编辑器用你的 Markdown 作为参考创建网页。你的 Markdown 文档在导出时不会修改，你仍然拥有源文档，同时创建一个独立的、新的 HTML 文档（网页），你可以把它放到一个网页服务器上。
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**：许多 Markdown 编辑器也可以将你的 Markdown 文档导出为其他格式，比如 `.doc`、`.docx` 和 `.pdf`。之后你可以了解这些高级设置和你可能需要的额外软件。
|
||||
|
||||
### Markdown 基础语法
|
||||
|
||||
为了让 Markdown 新用户快速了解，我将把这部分内容限制在我最常使用的语法上。我相信这些将是最有帮助的 - 你可以在现在就提高工作效率，同时了解更多关于 Markdown 以后能为你做什么。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 写标题
|
||||
|
||||
我经常使用 `#` 字符来表示标题。这里有六个等级：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# 一级标题
|
||||
## 二级标题
|
||||
### 三级标题
|
||||
#### 四级标题
|
||||
##### 五级标题
|
||||
###### 六级标题
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
还有一种标题类型，是在文本下使用下划线。我很少使用这种类型的标题，我只限于使用两种：一种是使用 `=` 字符表示的双下划线，生成 `H1` 标题。一种是使用 `-` 字符表示的单下划线，生成 `H2` 标题：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
一级标题
|
||||
===============
|
||||
|
||||
二级标题
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 段落
|
||||
|
||||
段落被空行隔开（确保段落之间有一个空行）。首行不要缩进。在 Markdown 里用 `Tab` 键或者空格键缩进有着不同的目的和作用。
|
||||
|
||||
段落是一个文本块，不应该用空格键和 `Tab` 键来缩进。它可以有一行或者多行。要结束这一段另起一段，点两下回车键；段落通过一个空行分开。
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 换行
|
||||
|
||||
请记住，对于段落，必须用空行来分隔它们，这要通过按两次回车键来实现。Markdown 对此很严格。
|
||||
|
||||
Markdown 不支持 “<ruby>强制插入换行符<rt>hard-wrapped</rt></ruby>” 或者 “<ruby>固定行长度<rt>fixed-line-length</rt></ruby>” 段落。那就是说，单击回车键一次将不会强制文本换到新的一行。它可能在编辑窗口显示，但是 HTML 格式下不显示。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，有时你可能需要拆分段落或者换行。Markdown 确实有一种方法可以做到，但是它一开始看起来可能有一点奇怪：**换行是通过用两到多个空格键然后点一次回车键完成的。**
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一个短诗的范例。每行以两个空格结束。最后一行，由于是这个小节的结束，没有额外的空格。因为它是这个诗句（段落）的结束，我双击回车键两次：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Baa, baa black sheep,
|
||||
Have you any wool?.
|
||||
Yes, sir. Yes, sir.
|
||||
Three bags full.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在一行的最后加两个空格来创建一个换行，可能需要时间去习惯。
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 水平线
|
||||
|
||||
水平线非常适合将文本拆分为多个部分。
|
||||
|
||||
用三个或更多的破折号 `-` ，下划线 `_` ，或者星号 `*` 来做水平线，像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
***
|
||||
|
||||
___
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你甚至可以在字符之间输入空格：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
- - -
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在文章和报告中我不经常使用水平线，但是在日记、系统日志和课堂笔记中对我很有用。
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 用加粗和斜体来强调文本
|
||||
|
||||
当你想让一个单词或者短语脱颖而出，引起注意，你可以让它加粗或者斜体显示。斜体和加粗文本可以在两种方式中任选其一。第一种是用星号 `*` 将其包括，第二种是用下划线 `_` 的方式。
|
||||
|
||||
使一个单词或者短语斜体显示，用一个下划线或者星号来括住文本。使一个单词或者短语加粗，使用两个下划线或者星号来括住文本：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
用星号来显示 *斜体* 。
|
||||
|
||||
用下划线来显示 _斜体_ 。
|
||||
|
||||
用星号来显示 **加粗** 。
|
||||
|
||||
用下划线来显示 __加粗__ 。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
记住两边使用相同的字符。单词或短语的一面是星号，另一面是下划线，将不会生效。相同字符必须在单词或者短语的两边。
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 块引用
|
||||
|
||||
块引用被用来直接引用。如果你正在写博客，你想重复本杰明•富兰克林说过的话，你可以使用块引用。
|
||||
|
||||
一个右尖括号被用来指定块引用：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
> 这是块引用。
|
||||
|
||||
>> 如果你想进一步再次块引用，使用两个右尖括号。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 Markdown 中添加超链接
|
||||
|
||||
超链接非常酷。在基础版的 Markdown 语言有三种方式创建超链接，在这里我只讲两种：普通连接和自动连接。
|
||||
|
||||
第三种链接被称为参考链接，在 Markdown 语言的基础版和高级版都支持。我想让你快速入门。你可以在准备好的时候找找参考链接的资料。
|
||||
|
||||
普通链接可以让你链接到各种各样的网站。网站名称或者你要使用的短语被放置在中括号 `[]` 中。真实的链接地址在小括号 `()` 中。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
现在去看看 [Linux 中国](https://linux.cn) 。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
自动连接通过用尖括号 `<>` 括住链接地址。这个链接是一个实际的地址（可以是网址或者电子邮件地址）。拼写出来的链接被转换到 HTML 的时候，就变成了有效的链接。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
<http://automatic-link-to-url.com/>
|
||||
|
||||
<name@emailaddress.com>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
当你想在文本中拼写出网址时，这很有用：
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 Markdown 中添加图片
|
||||
|
||||
链接图片几乎与链接网站一样。网站链接和图片链接微小的不同是，图片链接以感叹号 `!` 开始。
|
||||
|
||||
图片名称或者图片描述放置在中括号 `[]` 里。实际链接放置在小括号 `()` 里。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以像这样嵌入图片：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这儿有一个示例图像链接。这是一个示例链接，没有这个图片，但是这是个好例子，显示了实际链接应该有的样子：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 列表
|
||||
|
||||
制作列表有很多原因。它们可能用来作为代办事项、大纲中的主题元素、组装项目中的明细栏等等。列表有两种主要类型：无序列表和有序列表。
|
||||
|
||||
无序列表没有编号；这些就是我们在许多文档中所看到的列表项。有序列表是有编号的。
|
||||
|
||||
要创建一个有序（有编号的）列表，只需在每行用一个数字开始，像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
1. 项目 一。
|
||||
2. 项目 二。
|
||||
3. 项目 三。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
无序列表没有编号，但要在列表每个项目的开始使用一个星号 `*` 、一个加号 `+` ，或者一个减号 `-` 。我偏向于使用一个星号或者减号，你可以选择适合你的：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
* 项目 一。
|
||||
+ 项目 二。
|
||||
- 项目 三。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
子项目可以通过缩进被添加到有序和无序列表中，像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
1. 项目 一
|
||||
1. 子项目 一
|
||||
2. 子项目 二
|
||||
2. 项目 二
|
||||
3. 项目 三
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
### Markdown 语法速查表
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个简短的 Markdown 语法列表为你作为参考，这个列表已经在本小结中介绍。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你决定使用 Markdown 作为写作工具，你会发现 Markdown 会让写作变得更加简单。
|
||||
|
||||
![][14]
|
||||
|
||||
> **[下载 PDF 格式的 Markdown 速查表][15]**
|
||||
|
||||
### 结语
|
||||
|
||||
Markdown 可以做比我描述的更多的事情。我写作的很大一部分是用我在这里介绍的 Markdown 语法完成的 - 而这些是我最常使用的项目，即使是在更复杂的项目中。
|
||||
|
||||
如果这些看起来太简单了，那么说明它真的很容易。Markdown 用来完成简单的写作任务，但是你不必完全听我的。你可以尝试一下！不必安装 Markdown 编辑器；你可以在线尝试。这里有几个 [优秀的在线 Markdown 编辑器][16]。这里我喜欢用这三个：
|
||||
|
||||
- John Gruber’s [Dingus][17]
|
||||
- [Editor.md][18]
|
||||
- [Dillinger][19]
|
||||
|
||||
Editor.md 和 Dillinger 会让你看到你的 Markdown 文本作为 HTML 实时渲染的效果。 Dingus 不能实时预览，但是在参考页有 Markdown 的语法速查表。
|
||||
|
||||
![][20]
|
||||
|
||||
用以上这些在线编辑器尝试一下文章中的示例。也可以尝试一下你自己的想法。这将使你在可能致力于学习更多的知识之前习惯于 Markdown。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Bill Dyer][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/retext_window_showing_syntax_and_preview-2.png?resize=800%2C429&ssl=1
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/best-markdown-editors-linux/
|
||||
[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ghostwriter_two_frames-1.png?resize=800%2C458&ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/1_md_headings_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C485&ssl=1
|
||||
[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2_md_paragraphs_example_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1
|
||||
[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/3_md_line_break_fail_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/4_md_line_break_success_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/5_md_horizontal_rules_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C326&ssl=1
|
||||
[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/6_md_emphasis_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/7_md_blockquotes_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/8_md_links_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C678&ssl=1
|
||||
[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/9_md_images_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1
|
||||
[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/10_md_lists_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1
|
||||
[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/markdown-syntax-cheatsheet.png?resize=727%2C743&ssl=1
|
||||
[15]: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y-Qz9PX_2HksEG5D_WwN-asNB-tpjZHV/view?usp=sharing
|
||||
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/online-markdown-editors/
|
||||
[17]: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/dingus
|
||||
[18]: http://editor.md.ipandao.com/en.html
|
||||
[19]: https://dillinger.io/
|
||||
[20]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/editor-md_page_in_browser-1.png?resize=800%2C505&ssl=1
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/twister-ui-2022/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14494-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Twister UI 提升你的 Linux Mint 和 Xubuntu 视觉感受
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> Twister UI 是给你的 Linux Mint 和 Xubuntu 提供视觉提升的最简单方法。以下是方法。
|
||||
|
||||
[Twister UI][1] 可以安装在已有的 Linux Mint 和 Xubuntu 系统上。Pi 实验室创造了这个用户界面，他们为树莓派和相关硬件开发了 [Twister OS][2]。
|
||||
|
||||
### Twister UI
|
||||
|
||||
Twister UI 是一套用于 [Linux Mint][3] 和 Xubuntu 的软件包集合，它带来了几个流行的操作系统特定的主题和配置，开箱即用。你只需点击一个按钮就可以应用它们，而不需要单独下载图标、主题或光标。
|
||||
|
||||
其最新版本提供了以下操作系统的开箱即用的桌面主题、图标、声音和其他设置变化。
|
||||
|
||||
* 原生 Twister 操作系统主题
|
||||
* Windows 98、Windows 7、Windows XP
|
||||
* Windows 11、Windows 10
|
||||
* iTwister 和 iTwister Sur（类似 macOS）
|
||||
|
||||
#### 它是如何工作的？
|
||||
|
||||
该团队提供了自动脚本，从 GitHub 下载所有流行的操作系统特定的主题、声音等。然后该脚本修改它们，从 Ubuntu 仓库下载额外的包，并整体安装这个附加组件。安装程序自己负责安装一切，你需要做的就是等待。
|
||||
|
||||
在向你解释如何安装之前，让我们看看这个操作系统<ruby>增强模组<rt>MOD</rt></ruby>的一些截图和功能。这些截图来自应用了这个操作系统增强模组的 Linux Mint Xfce 版。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 它的外观（截图）
|
||||
|
||||
![Twister UI – macOS Theme][4]
|
||||
|
||||
![Twister UI – Windows XP Theme][5]
|
||||
|
||||
![native Twister OS theme][6]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Twister UI 软件包的内容
|
||||
|
||||
该软件包有它自己的设置应用，名为 ThemeTwister。你可以用它来快速切换主题。你可以随心所欲地在它们之间转换，而不会破坏什么。
|
||||
|
||||
该项目还默认安装了一些优秀的开源软件包。它安装了 Lutris、Steam 游戏平台以帮助你快速玩游戏。它还为用户安装了 Discord、Wine 模拟器。
|
||||
|
||||
正如你所看到的，考虑到这个附加组件的用户群，该团队仔细斟酌了要安装哪些软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何安装
|
||||
|
||||
如果你打算安装这个，我建议在 Linux Mint Xfce 版和 Xubuntu 中使用这个包。不要试图在其他 Linux 发行版中安装它（我在阅读文档之前就试过了，我把我的 Fedora 系统搞得一团糟，所以不要在其他发行版中尝试）。
|
||||
|
||||
其要求是安装在 Linux Mint Xfce 或 Xubuntu（无论是 32 位还是 64 位）。它还需要大约 5GB 的磁盘空间。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，从下面的链接中下载该软件包，其中包含 Torrent 链接。它不是一个 ISO 文件。它由三个文件组成，其中一个是实际的脚本。
|
||||
|
||||
> [下载 Twister UI][1]
|
||||
|
||||
下载完毕后，打开下载的文件夹，你应该看到一个扩展名为 `.run` 的文件（如下图所示）。
|
||||
|
||||
![Give the execute permission to the run file][7]
|
||||
|
||||
改变该文件的权限，使其可执行。然后通过终端运行它。
|
||||
|
||||
该脚本需要管理员密码，所以在要求时就提供这个密码。在你开始安装之前，请确保你有稳定的网络连接，以便随时下载其他软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
![Starting the installation script][8]
|
||||
|
||||
下载和安装需要一些时间。这取决于你的网速，可能需要 15 到 20 分钟左右。
|
||||
|
||||
你需要知道，该安装程序将取代默认的 Plymouth ，并会 [更新 initramfs][9]。
|
||||
|
||||
安装完成后，脚本应该会提示你重新启动。
|
||||
|
||||
重启后，登录到你的 Linux Mint Xfce 或 Xubuntu 系统。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何改变主题
|
||||
|
||||
如果你使用的是 Linux Mint Xfce 版，在改变主题之前，你需要做以下额外的改变以获得最佳效果：
|
||||
|
||||
* 打开“<ruby>应用程序菜单<rt>Application Menu</rt></rt></ruby> > <ruby>设置<rt>Settings</rt></ruby> > <ruby>桌面<rt>Desktop</rt></ruby>”，在“<ruby>图标<rt>Icon</rt></ruby>”标签下，取消勾选“<ruby>使用自定义字体大小<rt>Use custom font size</rt></ruby>”。
|
||||
* 打开“<ruby>应用程序菜单<rt>Application Menu</rt></rt></ruby> > <ruby>设置<rt>Settings</rt></ruby> > <ruby>窗口管理器调整<rt>Window Manager tweaks</rt></ruby>”，在“<ruby>合成器<rt>Compositor</rt></ruby>”标签下，取消勾选“<ruby>在停靠窗口下显示阴影<rt>Show shadows under dock windows</rt></ruby>”。
|
||||
|
||||
现在你应该在桌面上看到一个 “ThemeTwister” 图标，打开该应用。这个应用为你提供了改变主题的选项，如下图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
![Changing theme using ThemeTwister tool][10]
|
||||
|
||||
选择一个主题并点击相应的按钮。每次你改变或应用一个主题时，该脚本都会要求你注销。所以在改变主题之前，请确保你关闭所有的程序。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何卸载
|
||||
|
||||
如果你完成后想卸载，那么打开终端，运行下面的 shell 脚本。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sh /usr/share/ThemeSwitcher/uninstall.sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
上述脚本只卸载了 Twister UI 组件，并没有卸载 Steam、Lutris 等。所以如果你想卸载，请使用软件管理器来卸载它们。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你在卸载后做一次重启，那是最好的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 评测和性能
|
||||
|
||||
根据 Pi 实验室的说明，该定制应该不会消耗太多的额外内存。这也是事实。
|
||||
|
||||
该定制对桌面性能影响不大。当我在 Linux Mint Xfce 版的空闲模式下运行一到两项定制时，它消耗了大约 740MB 的内存，CPU 大约 2% 到 3%。这本身就令人印象深刻。使用它的唯一代价是额外的磁盘空间。
|
||||
|
||||
![Resource Usage in Linux Mint with Twister UI][11]
|
||||
|
||||
主题切换器非常好，完美地改变了主题，没有意外和错误。
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，整个过程是无痛的，按照其设计进行得很好。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
你可以下载单独的主题图标，改变设置，手动配置你的 Linux 发行版，使其看起来像 Windows 或 macOS。这需要很多时间，有时对新用户来说也很困难。考虑到这一点，我认为这种新方法可以节省时间，对每个人来说都非常容易。你只需点击一个按钮，就可以得到所有需要的增强模组。
|
||||
|
||||
总有一种争论，为什么 Linux 需要看起来像 Windows 或 macOS。但老年人可能不太熟悉电脑，不过他们记得 Windows 的颜色和图标。他们可以使用这种简单的修改来适应 Linux，而不会有任何麻烦。
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，这是一个来自 Pi 实验室的优秀项目，可以帮助到全世界的许多用户。
|
||||
|
||||
那么，你对这个项目有什么看法？请在下面的评论栏里告诉我。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/twister-ui-2022/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://twisteros.com/twisterui.html
|
||||
[2]: https://twisteros.com
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-mint-20-3-new-app/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Twister-UI-macOS-Theme-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Twister-UI-Windows-XP-Theme-1024x574.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/native-Twister-OS-theme-1024x581.jpg
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Give-the-execute-permission-to-the-run-file-1024x521.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Starting-the-installation-script.jpg
|
||||
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Changing-theme-using-ThemeTwister-tool.jpg
|
||||
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Resource-Usage-in-Linux-Mint-with-Twister-UI-1024x579.jpg
|
||||
[12]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[13]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[14]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[15]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions [Featured]"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/beautiful-linux-distributions-2022/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "amagicboy"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14501-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
精选 10 个最美的 Linux 发行版
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> 我们选出 2022 年 10 个最美的 Linux 发行版，在保证系统稳定的前提下，会给你良好的视觉体验。
|
||||
|
||||
定制化拓展 Linux 发行版以满足需求是非常有意思的事。无论是 Ubuntu 还是 Fedora ，都有各种各样的工具去定制化 Linux 桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，也有很多不需要任何定制化而且令人眼前一亮的 Linux 发行版。它们的开发者使它们在安装后不需要再定制化就能有非常好的视觉效果。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，我们编制了一份最美 Linux 发行版列表，你可以现在尝试来更新你电脑的视觉外观。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2022 最美的 Linux 发行版
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1、Zorin OS
|
||||
|
||||
最先介绍的 Linux 发行版是 Zorin OS。Zorin OS 使用基于 GNOME 的 Zorin 桌面 ，非常适合追求美观的桌面和生产力的新用户。
|
||||
|
||||
Zorin OS 最有特点的功能之一是，它可以随意转化，让其看起来像其他操作系统桌面，这意味着只需要设置布局选项，就可以改变任务栏、应用菜单、停靠栏，给用户最大的的灵活性，安装即用。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[阅读有关 Zorin OS 更多信息][2]**
|
||||
|
||||
![Zorin OS 16 桌面][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2、elementary OS
|
||||
|
||||
elementary OS 是基于 Ubuntu 长期稳定支持（LTS）发行版中最美观的一个。它使用吸引人的 Pantheon 桌面环境，其外观和使用体验受到了 macOS 的启发。
|
||||
|
||||
elementary OS 非常适合从 macOS 进入 Linux 世界的新用户，因为他们会发现许多熟悉的东西，比如手势和窗口样式。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，elementary OS 很多地方不能通过设置菜单进行定制，只能依靠外部脚本命令来进一步定制。不过系统默认桌面就已经十分美观了，能满足大部分人的需求。
|
||||
|
||||
elementary OS 最具特色的是它精心设计的应用商店。应用商店提供各种类别的应用，特别是那些专为 elementary OS 定制而且外观精美、功能强大的应用。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[阅读有关 elementaryOS 更多信息][4]**
|
||||
|
||||
![elementary OS 6 ODIN 桌面][5]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3、深度操作系统
|
||||
|
||||
第三个介绍的 Linux 发行版是深度操作系统。它基于 Debian ，由中国深度科技公司开发。它使用自研的基于 Qt 的深度桌面环境（DDE）。深度桌面的部件、配色方案、窗口样式、壁纸看起来都非常不错，给用户安装即享的视觉体验。
|
||||
|
||||
深度操作系统精心打磨的视觉组件和 macOS 非常相似。并且由于是 Debian 的稳定分支，如果你想要一个外观精美且稳定可靠的 Linux 发行版，深度操作系统是最适合的选择。
|
||||
|
||||
为什么深度操作系统体验很好？
|
||||
|
||||
* 基于 Qt 的酷炫桌面
|
||||
* 原生部件及支持暗色主题
|
||||
* 定制化停靠栏的多种选择项
|
||||
* 透明度、窗口效果、光标主题、图标主题
|
||||
* 强调色
|
||||
|
||||
> **[阅读有关深度操作系统更多信息][6]**
|
||||
|
||||
![Deepin 20 桌面][7]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4、CutefishOS
|
||||
|
||||
第四个介绍的 Linux 发行版是 [CutefishOS][8] 。这个基于 Debian 和 Ubuntu 的 Linux 发行版具有一个原生开发的 Cutefish 桌面。 CutefishOS 还在开发中，但由于它的外观，它已经在用户群体中掀起波澜。（LCTT 译注：似乎也是国内团队开发的）
|
||||
|
||||
CutefishOS 底层基于 Qt 和 KDE 框架构建。这个带有 Cutefish 桌面的高效 Linux 发行版在顶部提供了全局菜单功能。
|
||||
|
||||
由于其目前正在开发中，定制选项仍在进行中。但在最新的发行版中， CutefishOS 已经支持深色模式、强调色、动画效果、停靠位置（左、右、下）等选项。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想体验完全不同的桌面风格，可以尝试 CutefishOS 。 你也可以查看下面提供的关于此桌面的完整评论和教程。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[Cutefish OS 评测][9]**
|
||||
|
||||
![Cutefish OS][10]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5、Manjaro KDE Plasma 版
|
||||
|
||||
Manjaro Linux KDE 版是现在外观最好看的 Linux 发行版之一。 Manjaro KDE 基于 Arch Linux ，采用了 KDE Plasma，并额外添加了一些调整工具和组件。 Manjaro 的绿色调色板给你以全新的外观和体验。你可以通过内置的 KDE 工具和设置进一步定制，并从 KDE 商店获得图标和主题。
|
||||
|
||||
Manjaro KDE 是性能和外观与 Arch Linux 之强大的完美结合。对于 Arch Linux 新用户来说， Manjaro 是一个理想的起点。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[阅读有关 Manjaro KDE 更多信息][11]**
|
||||
|
||||
![Manjaro KDE Plasma][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6、Garuda Linux
|
||||
|
||||
出名的 Garuda Linux 是榜单上的第六位。 Garuda Linux 基于 Arch Linux ，带有美观的桌面，其特点是为所有主流桌面环境定制了图标、主题。 Garuda Linux 使用针对硬件优化了性能的 Zen 内核，
|
||||
|
||||
Garuda Linux 的外观和体验令人印象深刻。其 macOS 风格看起来非常的方便。 Neon 图标主题、可爱的调色板、模糊和透明度与全局菜单的结合是其自身的完美选择。
|
||||
|
||||
Garuda 最主要的优点是支持所有桌面环境 — KDE Plasma、 GNOME、 Xfce、 LXQT、 MATE 等等。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[阅读有关 Garuda Linux 更多信息][14]**
|
||||
|
||||
![Garuda Linux][15]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7、Linux Mint Cinnamon 版
|
||||
|
||||
我们推荐 Linux Mint 是因为它非常的简洁、优美和稳定。它是目前最被广泛使用和出名的 Linux 发行版之一，或许其使用人数仅在 Ubuntu 之下。但和本列表中其他 Linux 发行版比较起来，它看起来不是很精美。
|
||||
|
||||
不过，如果你喜欢看起来很棒的经典用户桌面，默认的 Cinnamon 桌面看起来干净且完美。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Mint Cinnamon 版对所有用户都非常友好，特别是第一次使用 Linux 或者从 Windows 转到 Linux 的用户。其默认的外观和体验和 Mint 的绿色调色板都能使人耳目一新。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你无法确定用哪个既稳定又养眼的 Linux 发行版，那就毫不犹豫的选择 Linux Mint Cinnamon 版。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[阅读有关 Linux Mint 更多信息][16]**
|
||||
|
||||
![Linux Mint 20 — Cinnamon 版本桌面][17]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8、Nitrux OS
|
||||
|
||||
[Nitrux Linux][18] 基于 Debian ，其特点是一个名为 NX 桌面的 KDE Plasma 修改版。这个独特的 Linux 发行版有一套建立在 Maui 套件和 Qt 之上的 Nitrux 应用。 Nitrux 不使用 systemd，而使用 OpenRC 作为初始化系统。凭借其独特的功能和外观，Nitrux 是目前最好的 Linux 发行版之一。
|
||||
|
||||
Nitrux OS 的默认外观设计得非常完美，它采用经过改进的 KDE Plasma 桌面，带有 Kvantum 主题引擎、图标主题、调色板、光标主题等。 Nitrux OS 背后的团队还开发了名为 Maui Shell 的独立桌面，这是一个美丽的融合型桌面，可以根据屏幕大小进行自我调整。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你需要一款稳定方便的 KDE Plasma 桌面，那么 Nitrux OS 非常适合你。你不会失望的。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[阅读有关 Nitrux OS 更多信息][18]**
|
||||
|
||||
![Nitrux 2.0 桌面][19]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9、优麒麟
|
||||
|
||||
优麒麟是一个官方的 Ubuntu 版本，是专门为使用简体中文的中国人设计的。但它同时也支持其他语言。
|
||||
|
||||
这个修改版的 Ubuntu 使用优麒麟用户界面（也称为 UKUI）。 UKUI 桌面使用 Qt 开发，支持 MATE 桌面组件。
|
||||
|
||||
优麒麟看起来精致，就外观和设计而言，就像是 GNOME 和 KDE Plasma 的结合。
|
||||
|
||||
优麒麟具有设计精美的图标集、底部任务栏，漂亮的应用程序视图、应用程序切换器，圆角窗口等精心制作的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[阅读有关优麒麟更多信息][20]**
|
||||
|
||||
![优麒麟桌面][21]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10、Pop!_OS
|
||||
|
||||
Pop!_OS 是由生产计算机硬件的 System76 公司开发的。 这个基于 Ubuntu 的 Linux 发行版已经预装在所有 System76 硬件上。不过，你也可以从其官方仓库下载然后安装到你的机器上。
|
||||
|
||||
Pop!_OS 的特点是在默认的 GNOME 桌面上带有额外的调整和配置。此桌面具有 GNOME 40 时代之前的特点，预配置了多个扩展和调整。比如你可以获得一个可以配置为在桌面中自由调整的底部停靠栏、一个用于启动应用程序的启动器、圆角窗口等诸如此类的功能。此桌面还有自动平铺和优化的键盘导航功能，可提高你的工作效率。
|
||||
|
||||
其外观和感觉都很干净，设计精美，有调色板，内置了深色模式、圆角窗口，以及图标主题。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[阅读有关 Pop!_OS 更多信息][22]**
|
||||
|
||||
![Pop!_OS 21.10 桌面][23]
|
||||
|
||||
### 结语
|
||||
|
||||
希望这份 2022 最美 Linux 发行版榜单能帮你选择你想要的桌面或者系统。 因为这些 Linux 发行版已经配置好，看起来很漂亮，而且它们性能很强大。
|
||||
|
||||
选择并开始你的 Linux 之旅吧。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/beautiful-linux-distributions-2022/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[amagicboy](https://github.com/amagicboy)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/distributions
|
||||
[2]: https://zorin.com
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Zorin-OS-16-Desktop-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://elementary.io/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/elementary-OS-6-ODIN-Desktop-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://www.deepin.org/zh/
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Deepin-20-Desktop-1024x568.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://cn.cutefishos.com/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/cutefish-os-review-2021/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Cutefish-OS-1024x581.jpg
|
||||
[11]: https://manjaro.org/downloads/official/kde/
|
||||
[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Manjaro-KDE-Plasma-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/10/10-things-to-do-fedora-33-after-install/
|
||||
[14]: https://garudalinux.org/
|
||||
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Garuda-Linux-1024x577.jpg
|
||||
[16]: https://linuxmint.com/
|
||||
[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Linux-Mint-20-Cinnamon-Edition-Desktop-1024x763.png
|
||||
[18]: https://nxos.org/
|
||||
[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Nitrux-2.0-Desktop-1024x581.jpg
|
||||
[20]: https://www.ubuntukylin.com
|
||||
[21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Ubuntu-Kylin-Desktop-1024x574.jpg
|
||||
[22]: https://pop.system76.com/
|
||||
[23]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Pop-OS-21.10-Desktop-1024x579.jpg
|
||||
[24]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[25]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[26]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[27]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "robsean"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14505-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
最适合旧计算机的 10 款 Linux 发行版
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我们重点推荐 10 款轻量级 Linux 发行版，它们是 2022 年最适合旧 PC 的发行版。我们将向你们介绍它们的特色，以及为什么它们会成为复活旧硬件的完美之选。
|
||||
|
||||
我们认为你不应该扔掉任何硬件，尤其是 PC 和它的配件。在理想的情况下，设计良好的软件总是能够在任意硬件上运行。有很多专门针对旧硬件和 PC 设计的 [Linux 发行版][1] 。而你可以在这些 Linux 操作系统的帮助快速地恢复它们的活力。在这篇文章中，我们重点推荐 10 款这样的 Linux 发行版，它们是 2022 年的轻量级、对旧硬件友好的 Linux 发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2022 年的 10 款轻量级 Linux 发行版
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1、Linux Lite
|
||||
|
||||
在这份 2022 年的列表中，我们推出的第一款轻量级 Linux 发行版是 Linux Lite 。Linux Lite 是一款基于 Ubuntu 和 Debian 的、正在不断开发和完善的 Linux 发行版。这款有十年开发历史的 Linux 发行版非常适合于你的旧硬件，这些硬件需要适用且设计良好的发行版。该开发团队将这个发行版作为那些硬件不再被 Windows 所支持的用户的理想起点。这个发行版的主要优势是良好的自定义和极好看的 Xfce 桌面，并基于 Ubuntu，采用了最新的内核，当然，它还有一个 32 位 ISO 镜像。
|
||||
|
||||
![Linux Lite][2]
|
||||
|
||||
特点：
|
||||
|
||||
* 基于 Ubuntu
|
||||
* 自定义的 Xfce 桌面环境
|
||||
* 原生应用程序
|
||||
* 支持 32 位
|
||||
* 积极开发
|
||||
* 最小系统要求 1 GB 内存
|
||||
|
||||
> **[下载 Linux Lite][3]**
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2、Puppy Linux
|
||||
|
||||
在这份列表中的第二个重要的发行版是 Puppy Linux 。Puppy Linux 与传统发行版稍有不同。它被设计成在内存中运行，而不需要安装在物理机系统中。如果配置得当，你可以保存会话，此外，即使你移除了可启动介质，它也可以继续很好地工作。
|
||||
|
||||
![Puppy Linux – one of the best lightweight Linux Distribution in 2022][4]
|
||||
|
||||
这个 Linux 发行版与 Ubuntu 的 LTS 版本的二进制文件是兼容的；其最新的版本基于 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS。因为 Ubuntu 放弃了 32 位的支持，所以其最新版本也放弃了 32 位的支持。
|
||||
|
||||
Puppy Linux 非常适合于旧计算机、上网本以及内存小于 1GB 的机器。在其核心，运行着超快速的 JWM（Jow’s Window Manager）。Puppy 软件包管理器支持 .deb 、.rpm 及其原生的 PET 软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，它是一款完美的、精心设计的 Linux 发行版，毫无疑问适合于旧硬件。
|
||||
|
||||
特点：
|
||||
|
||||
* 基于 Ubuntu LTS 版本
|
||||
* 能够在低端的上网本上运行
|
||||
* 即使移除可启动介质后，也可以直接在内存中运行
|
||||
* 特有的软件包管理器 – Puppy 软件包管理器
|
||||
* JWM 窗口管理器
|
||||
|
||||
> **[下载 Puppy Linux](https://puppylinux.com)**
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3、BunsenLabs Linux
|
||||
|
||||
在这份列表中的第三款轻量级 Linux 发行版是 BunsenLabs Linux ，它是 Crunchbang 项目的继任者。BunsenLabs Linux 基于 Debian 稳定分支，为你的低端系统带来了现代应用。这个发行版为低端硬件提供了一个 32 位版本的镜像，并为你的常规硬件提供一个标准的 64 位版本的镜像。在其核心，BunsenLabds 由一个预配置的 OpenBox 窗口管理器所驱动，并带有令人惊艳的 tint2 面板、预配置的 Conky 和 jgmenu 。
|
||||
|
||||
![BunsenLabs Linux][5]
|
||||
|
||||
这是一款针对旧硬件的、设计良好、速度超快、稳定且外观漂亮的发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
特点：
|
||||
|
||||
* 基于 Debian 稳定分支
|
||||
* Openbox 窗口管理器，附带 tint2 面板、Conky 和 jgmenu
|
||||
* 提供 32 位安装程序
|
||||
* 可以通过官方论坛获取帮助和支持
|
||||
|
||||
> **[下载 BunsenLabs Linux][6]**
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4、Lubuntu
|
||||
|
||||
Lubuntu 是一款著名的轻量级 Linux 发行版。它是一款官方的 Ubuntu Linux 衍生版本，其特点是使用轻量级 LxQt 桌面环境。Lubuntu 在给予你现代的 Ubuntu Linux 软件包和技术的同时，也针对你的低端硬件提供了 LxQt 桌面环境。尽管与这份列表中的其它的发行版相比，它可能需要更多的一些系统资源，但是对于旧硬件来说，它仍然是一个适合的 Linux 发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
![Lubuntu][7]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你需要一款稳定且开箱即用的适中量级的 Linux 发行版，那么，请选择 Lubuntu 。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[下载 Lubuntu][8]**
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5、Absolute Linux
|
||||
|
||||
第五款轻量级 Linux 发行版是 Absolute Linux ，它基于 Slackware Linux 。这个发行版在其安装程序镜像中打包了所有日常需要的应用程序，以便你可以获得一款开箱即用的发行版。Absolute Linux 以使用 IceWM 和 ROX 桌面环境为特色，在旧硬件中使用它们时，能为你带来极致的速度。它不使用 systemd，这为它提供了比其他发行版更多的优势。
|
||||
|
||||
![Absolute Linux][9]
|
||||
|
||||
特点：
|
||||
|
||||
* 基于 Slackware
|
||||
* 不使用 systemd
|
||||
* 打包了必要的软件包
|
||||
* IceWM 桌面环境、Slapt-get 软件包管理器
|
||||
|
||||
> **[下载 Absolute Linux][10]**
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6、antiX Linux
|
||||
|
||||
我们想重点推荐的另一款轻量级 Linux 发行版是 antiX Linux 。antiX Linux 基于 Debian 稳定分支，并带来一些吸引人的功能。在其核心，它使用 IceWM、Fluxbox 和 ROX 桌面环境，给予你一种优秀而快速的桌面体验。它完全没有使用 systemd，而是使用 sysVinit 和 runit 系统。antiX Linux 还为你提供了 32 位安装程序，并且还四个变体 – 完全版、核心版、基本版以及网络版，以满足不同的实际使用情况。
|
||||
|
||||
![antiX Linux][11]
|
||||
|
||||
特点：
|
||||
|
||||
* 基于 Debian 稳定分支
|
||||
* 32 位安装程序
|
||||
* 不使用 systemd
|
||||
* IceWM 及其它的窗口管理器衍生特色版本
|
||||
|
||||
> **[下载 antiX Linux][12]**
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7、LXLE
|
||||
|
||||
LXLE Linux 是 Lubuntu LTS 的一个变体，使用 LXDE 桌面环境而非 LXQt 桌面环境。其对应用程序、安装程序以及其它功能的选择，使其成针对旧硬件的一款完美的发行版。它基于稳定的 Ubuntu LTS 版本，是以快速的 LXDE 桌面环境来复兴你的旧系统的理想选择。
|
||||
|
||||
![LXLE Linux][13]
|
||||
|
||||
然而，就我个人见解，我感觉 LXQt 比 LXDE 稍快一点。好吧，这种反馈可能是因人而异的，对你来说可能是不同的。现在，没有多少 Linux 发行版能向你提供 LXDE 桌面环境的衍生版本。因此，对于日常使用的来说，它可能是一款独特的轻量级的 Linux 发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[下载 LXLE][14]**
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8、Porteus Linux
|
||||
|
||||
Porteus Linux 是 Slackware Linux 的翻版，以旧的 KDE 4.0+ 桌面环境（KDE Plasma 系列之前的版本）为特色。这款超快的 Linux 发行版非常适合你的古董硬件，因为它基于最先进的 Slackware ，并且向你提供了 32 位版本。这款发行版可以从现场 USB/CD 或任意可启动介质运行，安装程序仅 300 MB 大小。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你喜欢老款 KDE（像我一样！）和 Slackware 的简单易用，对你来说这将会是一个完美的发行版，甚至针对你的新硬件也是一样。
|
||||
|
||||
![Porteus Linux][16]
|
||||
|
||||
> **[下载 Porteus Linux][17]**
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9、Q4OS
|
||||
|
||||
Q4OS 是这份列表中的一款独特的 Linux 发行版。它针对的是现今已经过时的旧 Windows 系统。曾经很多运行过 Windows XP 和 Windows 7 的老式 PC，它们不再能很好地运行 Windows 和一些现代的 Linux 发行版，因为现代的操作系统要求更多的计算能力和资源。
|
||||
|
||||
Q4OS 针对这些实际使用实例，给予你一款精心设计的 Linux 发行版，附带有 32 位安装程序、 Windows 安装程序、Trinity 桌面环境，以及预制的 Windows 主题等。
|
||||
|
||||
![Q4OS][18]
|
||||
|
||||
> **[下载 Q4OS][19]**
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10、MX Linux
|
||||
|
||||
在这份列表中的最后一款 Linux 发行版是著名的 MX Linux ，它凭借其特色和独特性在当今时代打响了知名度。然而，我都怀疑是否应该将 MX Linux 列为轻量级。因为在我看来，如果你考虑到它的 KDE Plasma 衍生版本，它应该是中等量级的 Linux 发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
![MX Linux][20]
|
||||
|
||||
不管怎么说，它的一些特色使其成为一款轻量级 Linux 发行版的完美候选版本。MX Linux 基于 Debian 稳定分支，并使用了 antiX 组件创建。它的特点是有自己的用于更多工作流的 MX Linux 原生应用程序。你可以使用 KDE Plasma 、Xfce 和 Fluxbox 作为桌面环境。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[下载 MX Linux][21]**
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
如果你仔细观察就会发现，我们在这里所列出的大多数的轻量级 Linux 发行版都基于 Debian Linux 的。它是真正的 “通用操作系统”。现代的 Linux 桌面环境，像 GNOME 40+ 、KDE Plasma 和 Systemd 初始化系统，已经不再兼容旧硬件。此外，随着技术的进步，引入了更多的软件复杂性，需要更高端的硬件。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管如此，我希望你可以从这份列表中找到一些为你的旧笔记本电脑或 PC 选择轻量级 Linux 发行版的灵感。每一款发行版都提供了不同的体验，但是都有共同的目标：让你的旧硬件恢复活力。所以，任君采撷。
|
||||
|
||||
感谢阅读，请发表你的评论。如果这对你有所帮助，那怕说声“谢谢”也是好的。
|
||||
|
||||
*一些图像文件的版权: 各自的 Linux 发行版*
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/distributions
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Linux-Lite-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[3]: http://www.linuxliteos.com/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Puppy-Linux-one-of-the-best-lightweight-Linux-Distribution-in-2022-1024x579.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/BunsenLabs-Linux.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://www.bunsenlabs.org/
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Lubuntu-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://lubuntu.me/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Absolute-Linux-1024x640.jpg
|
||||
[10]: https://www.absolutelinux.org/
|
||||
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/antiX-Linux-1024x640.jpg
|
||||
[12]: https://antixlinux.com/
|
||||
[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/LXLE-Linux-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[14]: http://www.lxle.net/
|
||||
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/best-gnome-apps-part-3/
|
||||
[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Porteus-Linux-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[17]: http://www.porteus.org/
|
||||
[18]: https://q4os.org/style/image5.jpg
|
||||
[19]: https://q4os.org/
|
||||
[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/MX-Linux-1-1024x515.jpg
|
||||
[21]: https://mxlinux.org/
|
||||
[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/top-10-list
|
||||
[23]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[24]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[25]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[26]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -3,36 +3,36 @@
|
||||
[#]: author: "Marco Carmona https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14497-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
认识一下 Lite XL：为 Linux 用户提供的轻量级、开源的文本编辑器
|
||||
Lite XL：为 Linux 用户提供的轻量级、开源的文本编辑器
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
**简介：** _你是否在寻找一个新的_文本编辑器_替代品？你应该试试这个轻量级的、_简单的_、快速的、功能丰富的、可扩展性极强的编辑器_。
|
||||
> 你是否在寻找一个新的文本编辑器替代品？你应该试试这个轻量、简洁、快速、功能丰富、可扩展性极强的编辑器。
|
||||
|
||||
当然，有很多文本编辑器或代码编辑器可以使用。一些流行的包括 Eclipse、[Visual Studio Code][1]、[PyCharm][2]、[Atom][3]、[IntelliJ][4]，以及 [Sublime Text][5]。
|
||||
|
||||
但是你想尝试一些有趣的东西，完全专注于给你一个最小的体验吗？
|
||||
但是你想尝试一些有趣的东西，完全专注于给你一个极简的体验吗？
|
||||
|
||||
认识一下 _**Lite XL**_ 编辑器。
|
||||
来认识一下 Lite XL 编辑器。
|
||||
|
||||
说实话，在上周之前我对它一无所知。但是，它成功地以其**极简主义的设计**和它**在编码时的速度**让我吃惊，但最重要的事实是它与 Visual Studio Code 相似。
|
||||
说实话，在上周之前我对它一无所知。但是，它以其 **极简主义的设计** 和它 **在编码时有多么快** 成功地惊到了我，但最重要的事实是它与 Visual Studio Code 相似。
|
||||
|
||||
所以，在开始之前，让我告诉你，如果你是一个 [Visual Studio Code 粉丝][6]，你绝对应该试试 _**Lite XL**_。它可能不是绝对的替代品，而是类似于使用场景的精简版。
|
||||
所以，在开始之前，让我告诉你，如果你是一个 [Visual Studio Code 粉丝][6]，你绝对应该试试 Lite XL。它可能不是绝对的替代品，而是类似使用场景的精简版。
|
||||
|
||||
![Showing how Lite XL looks][7]
|
||||
|
||||
### Lite XL：用 Lua 编写的轻量级文本编辑器
|
||||
|
||||
Lite XL 是一个有趣的用 Lua 编写的开源文本编辑器（特别是为建立轻量级应用而定制）。
|
||||
Lite XL 是一个用 Lua 编写的有趣的开源文本编辑器（特别是为建立轻量级应用而定制）。
|
||||
|
||||
它也可用于 Windows、Linux 和 macOS。但是，在所有可用的[现代文本编辑器][8]中，为什么是 Lite XL？
|
||||
它也可用于 Windows、Linux 和 macOS。但是，有这么多 [现代文本编辑器][8]，为什么还要有个 Lite XL？
|
||||
|
||||
![Lite XL Customize Configuration][9]
|
||||
|
||||
通常情况下，我们并不关心文本编辑器在大多数时候会消耗我们系统的资源。然而，在创建 bash、python 或任何其他类型的脚本时，你会依赖文本编辑器，而它的资源效率越高越好。
|
||||
通常情况下，大多数时候我们并不关心文本编辑器会消耗我们系统的资源。然而，在创建 Bash、Python 或任何其他类型的脚本时，你会依赖文本编辑器，而它的资源效率越高越好。
|
||||
|
||||
当然，文本编辑器并不像其他一些应用那样对资源要求很高。但是，如果这对你很重要的话，我观察到的情况是这样的：
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -42,33 +42,30 @@ Lite XL 只使用了 **3MB** 的磁盘，并消耗了大约 **20MB** 内存，
|
||||
|
||||
不仅仅是资源使用量，它也是高度可定制的。
|
||||
|
||||
请注意，在不同的系统配置下，资源使用统计数字会有所不同。
|
||||
请注意，在不同的系统配置下，资源占用的统计数字会有所不同。
|
||||
|
||||
### Lite XL的特点
|
||||
### Lite XL 的特点
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
As per the official information available, some of its most popular features include:
|
||||
根据现有的官方信息，其最受欢迎的一些功能包括：
|
||||
|
||||
* **跨平台：** 它目前可以在 Windows、Linux 和 macOS 上使用。
|
||||
* **轻量：** 正如我们之前所描述的，它的使用量几乎没有超过 10MB 的内存。
|
||||
* **可扩展：** 作为一个最小化的产品，并不意味着不能定制。Lite XL 可以通过一些可用的插件来扩展其功能，例如，[类似 VSC 的智能提示][11]。
|
||||
* **轻量级：** 正如我们之前所描述的，它的使用量几乎没有超过 10MB 的内存。
|
||||
* **可扩展：** 作为一个极简的产品，并不意味着不能定制。Lite XL 可以通过一些可用的插件来扩展其功能，例如，[类似 Visual Studio Code 的智能提示][11]。
|
||||
* **多光标编辑：** 在 Lite XL 中，你可以使用多个光标进行编辑，这听起来很美妙。
|
||||
* **集成的终端：** 像 Visual Studio Code 一样，Lite XL 实现了它的终端。
|
||||
* 支持高DPI显示。
|
||||
* 可使用额外的颜色主题。
|
||||
* 支持高分辨率显示。
|
||||
* 更多的颜色主题。
|
||||
* 支持硬件加速渲染。
|
||||
* 支持硬件加速渲染。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何在 Linux 中安装 Lite XL
|
||||
|
||||
Lite XL 为 Linux 发行版提供了一个 AppImage 文件。你可以按照我们的 [AppImage 指南][12]来开始使用。
|
||||
Lite XL 为 Linux 发行版提供了一个 AppImage 文件。你可以按照我们的 [AppImage 指南][12] 来开始使用。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以在其 [GitHub 仓库][13]中找到 AppImage 文件。
|
||||
你可以在其 [GitHub 仓库][13] 中找到这个 AppImage 文件。
|
||||
|
||||
当你前往其 GitHub 发布区，直接进入 Assets 并下载 _**LiteXL_x86_64.Appimage**_ 文件。
|
||||
当你前往其 GitHub 发布区，直接进入 “<ruby>资产<rt>Assets</rt></ruby>” 区并下载 `LiteXL_x86_64.Appimage` 文件。
|
||||
|
||||
![Downloading Appimage file][14]
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -76,13 +73,13 @@ AppImage 文件将被下载到你的下载目录中，因此，在双击该文
|
||||
|
||||
![Verifying execution permissions][15]
|
||||
|
||||
这就好了! 现在你可以双击该文件，开始在你的系统中使用 _***Lite XL***_。
|
||||
这就好了! 现在你可以双击该文件，开始在你的系统中使用 Lite XL。
|
||||
|
||||
[Lite XL][16]
|
||||
> [Lite XL][16]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你对探索 Lite XL 感兴趣，你可以参与其 [GitHub 仓库][13]，访问官方网站，或加入其 [Discord 社区][17]。
|
||||
|
||||
_你喜欢用什么来编辑文本和代码？你是否专注使用轻量级的程序，或者与你的使用情况无关？请在下面的评论中告诉我你的想法。_
|
||||
你喜欢用什么来编辑文本和代码？你是否专注使用轻量级的程序，或者与你的使用情况无关？请在下面的评论中告诉我你的想法。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -91,7 +88,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/lite-xl/
|
||||
作者：[Marco Carmona][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14493-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
雷蛇与 Lambda 联手推出用于深度学习的 Linux 笔记本电脑
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> Razer 与一家专注于深度学习的硬件公司合作，以时尚的外形、昂贵的价格提供了最新和最伟大的产品。
|
||||
> 雷蛇与一家专注于深度学习的硬件公司合作，以时尚的外形、昂贵的价格提供了最新和最伟大的产品。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@
|
||||
|
||||
Tensorbook 是一款由 Linux 驱动的笔记本电脑，具有最先进的规格，可以帮助你在任何地方高效地进行深度学习训练/开发。而且，Lambda 的软件栈支持各种工具，只需一个命令就能方便地更新 PyTorch、Tensorflow、CUDA 等。
|
||||
|
||||
当然，这个名字并不令人意外，因为张量核心有助于加快机器学习训练/过程。
|
||||
当然，这个名字并不令人意外，因为<ruby>张量<rt>Tensor</rt></ruby>核心有助于加快机器学习训练/过程。
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
雷蛇没有在这台笔记本电脑上添加任何他们惯用的标志性图案，比如绿色的点缀/颜色、标志或 RGB 元素。好吧，毕竟这是为深度学习而定制的。所以，它不太浮华是公平的。
|
||||
|
||||
你只能在盖子上找到 lambda 主要标志，在屏幕的底边框上找到 Razer x Lambda 的文字。而且，紫色的风格贯穿始终，Lambda 在这里主导了其品牌宣传。
|
||||
你只能在盖子上找到 Lambda 主要标志，在屏幕的底边框上找到 Razer x Lambda 的文字。而且，紫色的风格贯穿始终，Lambda 在这里主导了其品牌宣传。
|
||||
|
||||
这款笔记本电脑的规格涉及：
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ Tensorbook 是一款由 Linux 驱动的笔记本电脑，具有最先进的规
|
||||
* Wi-Fi 6E
|
||||
* 蓝牙 5.2
|
||||
|
||||
毋庸置疑，这款笔记本电脑是一个时尚的动力源，将这些组件容纳于其中。
|
||||
毋庸置疑，这款笔记本电脑是一个时尚的“动力工厂”，将这些组件容纳于其中。
|
||||
|
||||
RTX 3080 GPU 应该有足够的能力来帮助你完成深度学习任务，无论你是专业人士还是初学者。
|
||||
无论你是专业人士还是初学者，RTX 3080 GPU 应该有足够的能力来帮助你完成深度学习任务。
|
||||
|
||||
当然，它不是为游戏而设计的，但以你所拥有的配置以及高刷新率的屏幕，你可以在需要的时候在上面舒适地玩游戏。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ RTX 3080 GPU 应该有足够的能力来帮助你完成深度学习任务，无
|
||||
|
||||
### 定价和可用性
|
||||
|
||||
这是一款高端产品，所以价格标签也一样，起价为 **3499 美元**。你可以为企业设置定制它，以便安装上 Windows 10 和 Ubuntu。
|
||||
这是一款高端产品，所以价格标签也一样高端，起价为 **3499 美元**。你可以为企业环境定制它，以便安装上 Windows 10 和 Ubuntu。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你支付额外的费用，还可以获得延长保修和高级支持。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How the C programming language has grown"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/3/how-c-programming-language-has-grown"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14508-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
C 语言发展简史
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> 下面是我对 <ruby>布莱恩·克尼汉<rt>Brian Kernighan</rt></ruby> 的采访，他（与 <ruby>丹尼斯·里奇<rt>Dennis Ritchie</rt></ruby>）是《<ruby>C 程序设计语言<rt>The C Programming Language</rt></ruby>》一书的共同作者，我们谈及了 C 语言及其 50 年的历史。
|
||||
|
||||
![两位作者写的最初的 C 语言编程指南，大约是在 1978 年][1]
|
||||
|
||||
C 语言将在 2022 年满 50 岁。然而，尽管它历史悠久，在许多“流行编程语言”的调查中，C 语言仍然是“最常用”的编程语言之一。例如，你可以看看 [TIOBE 指数][2]，它追踪不同编程语言的流行程度。许多 Linux 应用程序是用 C 语言编写的，例如 GNOME 桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
我采访了 <ruby>[布莱恩·克尼汉][3]<rt>Brian Kernighan</rt></ruby>，以了解更多关于 C 语言及其历史他（与 <ruby>丹尼斯·里奇<rt>Dennis Ritchie</rt></ruby>）是《<ruby>C 程序设计语言<rt>The C Programming Language</rt></ruby>》一书的共同作者。
|
||||
|
||||
### C 语言是怎么诞生的呢？
|
||||
|
||||
C 语言由一系列旨在进行系统编程的语言演变而来，系统编程就是编写像编译器、汇编器、编辑器以及最终的操作系统这样的程序。麻省理工学院有一个与贝尔实验室合作的 Multics 项目，它计划用一种高级语言编写系统的所有部分（这在 1965 年那时候是一个新想法）。他们打算使用 IBM 的 PL/1，但它非常复杂，而且承诺的编译器也没有及时交付。
|
||||
|
||||
在与一个叫做 EPL 的子集（由贝尔实验室的<ruby>道格拉斯·麦克罗伊<rt>Douglas McIlroy</rt></ruby> 设计）进行了短暂交流后，Multics 转向了 BCPL，这是一个由剑桥的 Martin Richards 设计和实现的，更加简单和干净的语言，我记得他当时正在麻省理工学院访问。当 <ruby>肯·汤普逊<rt>Ken Thompson</rt></ruby> 开始研究后来的 Unix 时，他在 BCPL 的基础上创造了一种更简单的语言，他称之为 B 语言。在 1969 年，他为搭载了第一个 Unix 原型系统的 PDP-7 计算机实现了这种语言。
|
||||
|
||||
BCPL 和 B 都是“无类型”语言。也就是说，它们只有一种数据类型，即整数。DEC 公司的 PDP-11 计算机大约在 1971 年投入使用，它搭载了第一个真正的 Unix 系统。PDP-11 支持几种数据类型，特别是 8 位字节和 16 位整数。因此，一种同样支持几种数据类型的语言是更好的选择。这就是 C 语言的起源。
|
||||
|
||||
### C 语言在贝尔实验室和早期版本的 Unix 中是如何使用的呢？
|
||||
|
||||
C 语言最初只在 Unix 上使用，尽管过了一段时间，也有了用于其他机器和操作系统的 C 语言编译器。大多数情况下，它被用于系统级的编程，涵盖了相当多有趣的领域，还有很多用于管理 AT&T 电话网络运营的系统。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在贝尔实验室用 C 语言编写的最有趣的项目是什么？
|
||||
|
||||
可以说，最有趣、最令人难忘、也是最重要的 C 语言程序就是 Unix 操作系统本身。1971 年 Unix 的第一个版本是用 PDP-11 汇编语言编写的，但到了第四版，也就是 1973 年左右，我们用 C 语言重写了它。这很关键，因为这意味着操作系统（和它所有的支持软件）基本上可以通过重新编译来移植到不同类型的计算机上。虽然在实践中并没有那么简单，但也相差不远。
|
||||
|
||||
### 你与丹尼斯·里奇合著了《C 程序设计语言》一书。那本书是怎么来的，你和丹尼斯又是如何在书中合作的呢？
|
||||
|
||||
我曾经写过一本肯·汤普逊的 B 语言教程，帮助人们快速上手使用它。当 C 语言可用时，我将其升级为 C 语言的教程。过了一段时间，我说服了丹尼斯，让他和我一起写一本 C 语言的书。基本上，除了系统调用那章外，大部分的教程材料都是我写的，而丹尼斯已经写好了那个参考手册，写的非常棒。然后我们反复修改，使教程部分更加流畅。参考手册几乎保持不变，因为它从一开始就写得很好。这本书的格式是用 *troff* 格式器格式的，这是 Unix 上的许多工具之一，我做了大部分的格式化工作。
|
||||
|
||||
### C 语言什么时候成为了贝尔实验室以外的其他程序员用于工作的东西呢？
|
||||
|
||||
我真的记不大清了，但我认为大概是在最初的五六年里，C 语言主要是跟着 Unix 一起发展的。随着其他操作系统上的编译器的发展，它开始蔓延到 Unix 以外的其他系统。我不记得我们是什么时候意识到 C 和 Unix 产生了真正的影响，但应该是在 20 世纪 70 年代中后期。
|
||||
|
||||
### 为什么 C 语言会成为如此有影响力的编程语言呢？
|
||||
|
||||
早期的主要原因是它与 Unix 的联系，Unix 在世界上迅速传播。如果你使用 Unix，你就会用 C 语言来编程。后来，C 语言传播到不一定运行 Unix 的计算机上，很大程度上是因为 Steve Johnson 编写了可移植 C 语言编译器。在工作站领域，比如 <ruby>昇阳微系统<rt>Sun Microsystems</rt></ruby>、MIPS（后来成为 SGI）和其他公司，它们都是因为 Unix 和 C 语言的结合而获得成功。IBM PC 出现得稍晚一些，大约在 1982 年。后来 C 语言成为 MS-DOS 和 Windows 下的标准编程语言之一。今天，大多数物联网（IoT）设备会使用 C 语言。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在创建约 50 年后的今天，C 仍然是一种流行的编程语言。为什么它仍然如此受欢迎呢？
|
||||
|
||||
我认为 C 语言在效率和表现力这两个方面达到了一个平衡点。在早期，效率真的很重要，因为与我们今天所使用的计算机相比，当时的计算机速度很慢、内存十分有限。C 语言是非常高效的，因为它可以被编译成高效的机器代码，而且它也足够简单，人们很容易学会如何编译它。同时，它还具有很强的表现力，易于编写，并且结构紧凑。至少在我谦虚而正确的观点中，没有任何一种语言能很好地达到这种境界。
|
||||
|
||||
### 多年来，C 语言的发展和变化如何？
|
||||
|
||||
我想，C 语言的发展是适度的，但我并没有太注意 C 语言标准的发展。C 语言已经有足够的改变了，80 年代写的代码需要做一些前置工作才能编译，但这主要与诚实对待类型有关。比较新的功能，如复数，也许是有用的，但对我来说不是，所以我不能做出明智的评论。
|
||||
|
||||
### 哪些编程问题可以用C语言最容易解决？
|
||||
|
||||
嗯，对于任何事情来说，它都是一种很好的语言，但在今天，有了充足的内存和处理能力，大多数程序员都可以用 Python 这样的语言来进行内存管理和处理其他更高级的结构。C 语言仍然是底层编程的一个很好的选择，因为对于底层编程来说，充分利用 CPU 周期和每一个字节仍然很重要。
|
||||
|
||||
### C 语言影响了其他编程语言，包括 C++、Java、Go 和 Rust。你对这些编程语言有什么看法？
|
||||
|
||||
几乎每一种语言在某些方面都是对其前辈的反应。简单点说，C++ 增加了控制信息访问的机制，所以对于真正的大型程序来说，它比 C 更好。[Java][4] 是对 C++ 的复杂性的一种反应。Go 是对 C++ 的复杂性和 [Java][4] 的限制的一种反应。[Rust][5] 是对 C 语言（大概也是对 C++）中内存管理问题的一种尝试，同时它接近了 C 语言的效率。
|
||||
|
||||
它们都带来了某些积极的特性，但不知何故，没有人能够完全满意，所以总是会有更多的语言，反过来对以前的语言做出反应。同时，老的语言，在大多数情况下，仍会继续存在，因为它们的工作做得很好，而且有一个嵌入式的根据地，老的语言在里面可以完美使用，而用新的东西来重新实现是不可行的。
|
||||
|
||||
感谢 Brian 为我们分享了 C 语言编程的伟大历史！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/3/how-c-programming-language-has-grown
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jim Hall][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2482009942_6caea217e0_c.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/22/1/interview-brian-kernighan
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/tags/java
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/tags/rust
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/22/1/c-programming
|
||||
@@ -3,44 +3,46 @@
|
||||
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14499-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
禁用 Cinnamon 桌面的动画以略微加速你的 Linux Mint 系统
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
让我们面对现实吧。
|
||||
|
||||
与 GNOME 等相比，Cinnamon 已经是一个轻量的桌面环境了。虽然它占用的资源可能没有 Xfce 那么低。
|
||||
|
||||
不过，如果你有一个硬件不足的系统，并且你想要提升一点性能，而不用切换到 Xfce 等替代性桌面环境（DE）或 [Sway][1]、[Fluxbox][2] 等窗口管理器（WM）的话，我这里倒是有一个实用小技巧可以分享给你。它应该帮助你加快 Linux Mint 的速度，虽然只能够加快一点点。
|
||||
不过，如果你有一个硬件不足的系统，并且你想要提升一点性能，而不想切换到 Xfce 等替代性<ruby>桌面环境<rt>Desktop Environment</rt></ruby>（DE）或 [Sway][1]、[Fluxbox][2] 等<ruby>窗口管理器<rt>Window Manager</rt></ruby>（WM）的话，我这里倒是有一个实用小技巧可以分享给你。它应该帮助你加快 Linux Mint 的速度，虽然只能够加快一点点。
|
||||
|
||||
### 禁用 Cinnamon 桌面的动画效果
|
||||
|
||||
_**首先，你一定不要指望用这个小技巧来大幅提高整体桌面性能。原因如下：**_
|
||||
**首先，你一定不要指望用这个小技巧来大幅提高整体桌面性能。原因如下：**
|
||||
|
||||
当你打开/关闭应用程序窗口、使用菜单、弹出对话框等时，你会注意到这些<ruby>动画<rt>animations</rt></ruby>或<ruby>效果<rt>effects</rt></ruby>。由于这些事件都是短暂的，不会持续运行，因此禁用它们并不能得到很大提升。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你的系统真的在崩溃的边缘挣扎，禁用这些效果可能有助于减少卡顿。真的到了这种时候，能快一点是一点。让我们来看看该怎么做吧！
|
||||
|
||||
首先，打开菜单，搜索<ruby>效果<rt>effects</rt></ruby>。
|
||||
首先，打开菜单，搜索“<ruby>效果<rt>effects</rt></ruby>”。
|
||||
|
||||
![打开 Linux Mint Cinnamon 的效果设置][3]
|
||||
|
||||
打开“效果”设置窗口，你默认会在“<ruby>启用效果<rt>Enable Effects</rt></ruby>”这个标签页中。你可以在这里选择禁用（或启用）各种可用的动画效果。
|
||||
打开“<ruby>效果<rt>effects</rt></ruby>”设置窗口，你默认会在“<ruby>启用效果<rt>Enable Effects</rt></ruby>”这个标签页中。你可以在这里选择禁用（或启用）各种可用的动画效果。
|
||||
|
||||
![禁用 Linux Mint Cinnamon 桌面的动画][4]
|
||||
|
||||
你可以选择禁用部分或全部效果。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你切换到<ruby>自定义<rt>Customize</rt></ruby>标签页，你可以自定义你在”<ruby>启用效果<rt>Enable Effects</rt></ruby>“标签页中看到的各种效果。
|
||||
如果你切换到“<ruby>自定义<rt>Customize</rt></ruby>”标签页，你可以自定义你在“<ruby>启用效果<rt>Enable Effects</rt></ruby>”标签页中看到的各种效果。
|
||||
|
||||
![自定义 Linux Mint Cinnamon 中的窗口动画][5]
|
||||
|
||||
第一栏是效果的名称，第二栏是动画的类型，第三栏是动画的展示方式，在最后一栏，你可以配置动画完成的时间。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你选择了 None、easeNone 和 0 duration，就相当于禁用了这个效果。不过，使用另一个标签中的禁用选项是一个更简单的选择。
|
||||
如果你选择了 “None”、“easeNone” 和 “0” 时长，就相当于禁用了这个效果。不过，使用另一个标签中的禁用选项是一个更简单的选择。
|
||||
|
||||
### 值得这样做吗？
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/disable-animations-cinnamon-desktop/
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -3,52 +3,46 @@
|
||||
[#]: author: "Alan Formy-Duval https://opensource.com/users/alanfdoss"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14511-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
我如何在 Linux 上扫描家庭照片
|
||||
======
|
||||
有了 Linux，我可以用意想不到的方式与我的祖先联系。
|
||||
|
||||
![Camera][1]
|
||||
> 有了 Linux，我可以用意想不到的方式与我的先辈们联系。
|
||||
|
||||
图片由：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
PublicDomainPictures. CC0.
|
||||
Linux 不仅仅是在服务器上运行、为互联网提供动力的东西。它是你的数据、你的家庭历史和记忆、工作或娱乐以及现实生活的安全场所。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 不仅仅是在服务器上运行和为互联网提供动力的东西。它是你的数据、你的家庭历史和记忆、工作或娱乐以及现实生活的安全场所。
|
||||
|
||||
这就是例子：现在我正在进行一个扫描家庭老照片的项目。我使用带有 GNOME 桌面的 Fedora Linux 已经有几年了，所以我不需要安装任何额外的软件包。我只是把扫描仪插入 USB 接口，启动扫描软件（Document Scanner），就可以了。继续阅读，看看我是如何做到的。
|
||||
这就是例子：现在我正在进行一个扫描家庭老照片的项目。我使用带有 GNOME 桌面的 Fedora Linux 已经有几年了，所以我不需要安装任何额外的软件包。我只是把扫描仪插入 USB 接口，启动扫描软件（<ruby>文档扫描器<rt>Document Scanner</rt></ruby>），就可以了。请继续阅读，看看我是如何做到的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 将记忆数字化
|
||||
|
||||
许多人对了解他们的家族历史、祖先和遗产感兴趣。随着现在技术的发展，将旧的人工制品数字化已经成为一种普遍的做法。无论是你 80 年代的磁带收藏，还是高中的艺术作品，或者是家庭的老照片，把它们变成数字格式是一种现代的保存和未来证明的方法。
|
||||
许多人对了解他们的家族历史、先辈们和遗产感兴趣。随着现在技术的发展，将旧的人工制品数字化已经成为一种普遍的做法。无论是你的 80 年代的磁带收藏，还是高中的艺术作品，或者是家庭的老照片，把它们变成数字格式是一种现代的保存和未来验证的方法。
|
||||
|
||||
我妈妈最近给了我一些祖先的照片，所以我有几张想保存的图片。扫描它们不仅提供了某种意义上的永久性，而且使我能够以在拍摄它们的时代闻所未闻的方式来处理它们。例如，我有一张我祖父的照片，他在我出生前几年不幸去世。通过将他的照片数字化，我可以放大，了解他，并可能以一种原本不可能的方式与他建立联系。
|
||||
我的妈妈最近给了我一些先辈们的照片，所以我有几张想保存的图片。扫描它们不仅提供了某种意义上的永久性，而且使我能够以在拍摄它们的时代闻所未闻的方式来处理它们。例如，我有一张我祖父的照片，他在我出生前几年不幸去世。通过将他的照片数字化，我可以放大，了解他，并可能以一种原本不可能的方式与他建立联系。
|
||||
|
||||
### 工作流程
|
||||
|
||||
首先要做的是把我的佳能扫描仪插入 USB 接口。当我打开 Document Scanner 时，它检测到我的 Canon LiDE 210 扫描仪。接下来，我把照片放到平板扫描仪上。我将设置调整为 2400 DPI 的图像分辨率，以确保我捕捉到每一个细节。
|
||||
首先要做的是把我的佳能扫描仪插入 USB 接口。当我打开文档扫描器时，它检测到我的 Canon LiDE 210 扫描仪。接下来，我把照片放到平板扫描仪上。我将设置调整为 2400 DPI 的图像分辨率，以确保我捕捉到每一个细节。
|
||||
|
||||
然后我点击扫描。在这种分辨率下，扫描可能需要一些时间，但完成后，我可以根据需要裁剪图像并保存它。
|
||||
|
||||
顺便说一下，在我扫描照片和写这篇文章的时候，我也在用 [Clementine][2]，一个开源的音频播放器在同一台电脑上欣赏我最喜欢的一些音乐。性能受到影响？一点也不。
|
||||
顺便说一下，在我扫描照片和写这篇文章的时候，我也在用一个开源的音频播放器 [Clementine][2] 在同一台电脑上欣赏我最喜欢的一些音乐。性能受到影响？一点也不。
|
||||
|
||||
扫描完成后，我还可以选择裁剪图片并将其保存为 PDF、JPG 或任何我选择的格式。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 现实生活
|
||||
|
||||
请允许我介绍我的祖父和我的叔叔乔治，大约在 1944 年。乔治是一名二战老兵，曾在欧洲与纳粹作战。我的祖父，在右边，是北卡罗来纳州东南部一家木材厂的工头。虽然他没有看到战场，但他负责分配到他的工厂工作的被俘纳粹战俘。他形容他们是年轻的男孩，只想回家和他们的家人在一起。
|
||||
|
||||
![Scan of photo of my grandfather][3]
|
||||
|
||||
图片由：
|
||||
（图片由：Alan Formy-Duval, CC BY-SA 4.0）
|
||||
|
||||
(Alan Formy-Duval, CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
|
||||
### 最后的想法
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
作为一个专门的 Linux 桌面用户，我有时会听到有人说他们不使用 Linux，因为有一些任务它不能执行。Linux 是我使用的全部，而且在大约 14 年的时间里，我没有遇到这个问题。无论你是在寻找一种愉快的消遣，还是寻找一种提高工作效率的方法，都有可能有一种在 Linux 上运行的解决方案适合你。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +53,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/scan-family-photos-linux
|
||||
作者：[Alan Formy-Duval][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
172
published/20220418 MLCube and Podman.md
Normal file
172
published/20220418 MLCube and Podman.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "MLCube and Podman"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/mlcube-and-podman/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Benson Muite https://fedoramagazine.org/author/fed500/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14515-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Podman 运行一个 “hello world” MLCube
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[MLCube][2] 是一个新的基于基础设施规范的开源容器，被引入到基于 Python 的机器学习工作流程中，以实现可重复性。它可以利用诸如 [Podman][3]、[Singularity][4] 和 [Docker][5] 等工具。也支持在远程平台上的执行。开发 MLCube 的 MLCommons 最佳实践工作组的主席之一是来自 Red Hat 的 [Diane Feddema][6]。这篇介绍性文章解释了如何在 Fedora Linux 上使用 Podman 运行 [“hello world” MLCube 例子][7]。
|
||||
|
||||
[Yazan Monshed][8] 写了一篇关于 [Fedora 上的 Podman][9] 的非常有用的介绍，对这里使用的一些步骤给出了更多细节。
|
||||
|
||||
首先安装必要的依赖项。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo dnf -y update
|
||||
sudo dnf -y install podman git virtualenv \
|
||||
policycoreutils-python-utils
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然后，按照文档的要求，设置一个虚拟环境并获得示例代码。为了确保可重复性，使用一个特定的提交，因为该项目正在积极改进。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
virtualenv -p python3 ./env_mlcube
|
||||
source ./env_mlcube/bin/activate
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/mlcommons/mlcube_examples.git
|
||||
cd ./mlcube_examples/hello_world
|
||||
git checkout 5fe69bd
|
||||
pip install mlcube mlcube-docker
|
||||
mlcube describe
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在，通过编辑 $HOME/mlcube.yaml 文件，将运行器命令从 `docker` 改为 `podman`，即：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
docker: docker
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
改为：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
docker: podman
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果你使用的是 x86_64 架构的电脑，你可以用以下方式获取容器：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
mlcube configure --mlcube=. --platform=docker
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你会看到一些选项：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
? Please select an image:
|
||||
▸ registry.fedoraproject.org/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1
|
||||
registry.access.redhat.com/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1
|
||||
docker.io/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1
|
||||
quay.io/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
选择 `docker.io/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1` 来获取容器。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你的电脑不是 x86_64 架构的，你需要构建容器。改变文件 `$HOME/mlcube.yaml`，将这一行：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
build_strategy: pull
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
变为：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
build_strategy: auto
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然后用以下方法构建容器：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
mlcube configure --mlcube=. --platform=docker
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
要运行测试，你可能需要在目录中适当地设置 SELinux 权限。你可以通过输入以下内容来检查 SELinux 是否已经启用：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo sestatus
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
应该会有类似这样的输出：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
SELinux status: enabled
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
[Josphat Mutai][10]、[Christopher Smart][11] 和 [Daniel Walsh][12] 解释说，在为容器使用的文件设置适当的 SELinux 策略时，你需要谨慎。在这里，你将允许容器读取和写入 `workspace` 目录。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo semanage fcontext -a -t container_file_t "$PWD/workspace(/.*)?"
|
||||
sudo restorecon -Rv $PWD/workspace
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在检查目录策略：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ls -Z
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
输出结果类似于：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 Dockerfile
|
||||
unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 README.md
|
||||
unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 mlcube.yaml
|
||||
unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 requirements.txt
|
||||
unconfined_u:object_r:container_file_t:s0 workspace
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在运行这个例子：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
mlcube run --mlcube=. --task=hello --platform=docker
|
||||
mlcube run --mlcube=. --task=bye --platform=docker
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
最后，检查输出：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat workspace/chats/chat_with_alice.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
有类似于以下的文字：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Hi, Alice! Nice to meet you.
|
||||
Bye, Alice! It was great talking to you.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你可以按照 [这里][13] 的描述创建你自己的 MLCube。欢迎对 [MLCube 示例库][14] 做出贡献。[Udica][15] 是一个新项目，它承诺为容器提供更精细的 SELinux 策略控制，便于系统管理员应用。这些项目的积极开发正在进行中。对它们进行测试并提供反馈，将有助于使带有 SELinux 的系统上的安全数据管理更容易、更有效。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/mlcube-and-podman/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Benson Muite][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/fed500/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/MLCubePodman-816x345.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://mlcommons.org/en/mlcube/
|
||||
[3]: https://podman.io/
|
||||
[4]: https://sylabs.io/singularity/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.docker.com/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.redhat.com/en/authors/diane-feddema
|
||||
[7]: https://mlcommons.github.io/mlcube/getting-started/hello-world/
|
||||
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/yazanalmonshed/
|
||||
[9]: https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-started-with-podman-in-fedora/
|
||||
[10]: https://computingforgeeks.com/set-selinux-context-label-for-podman-graphroot-directory/
|
||||
[11]: https://blog.christophersmart.com/2021/01/31/podman-volumes-and-selinux/
|
||||
[12]: https://opensource.com/article/18/2/selinux-labels-container-runtimes
|
||||
[13]: https://mlcommons.github.io/mlcube/tutorials/create-mlcube/
|
||||
[14]: https://github.com/mlcommons/mlcube_examples
|
||||
[15]: https://github.com/containers/udica
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "AlmaLinux 9.0 Beta Is Here, Ready to Replace to RHEL 9"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/almalinux-9-0-beta-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14500-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
AlmaLinux 9.0 测试版来了，与 RHEL 9 同步
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> AlmaLinux 9 Beta 发布了，跟上了最新的 RHEL 9，还有一些软件包的更新和变化。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
AlmaLinux 是一个流行的企业级 Linux 发行版，它刚刚宣布了 9.0 测试版，以和上游系统（RHEL 9）保持同步。
|
||||
|
||||
让我先来提供一些背景介绍吧。AlmaLinux 在 2021 年初推出，以取代当时刚停产的 CentOS。它的主要目标之一是成为 RHEL 的替代品，特别是需要达到 100% 的二进制兼容。
|
||||
|
||||
不要忘了，AlmaLinux 是免费的，这使得它成为 [最好的 RHEL 替代品之一][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
作为一个注重稳定性的发行版，它并没有很多新的功能。不过，它确实有很多软件包的更新，本文将介绍逐一它们。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们来看一看吧！
|
||||
|
||||
### 有什么新功能？
|
||||
|
||||
作为 RHEL 的克隆版，它几乎继承了 RHEL 9.0 测试版的所有功能。
|
||||
|
||||
* [Linux 5.14 内核][2]
|
||||
* SELinux 性能改进
|
||||
* 更新的软件包
|
||||
|
||||
#### Linux 5.14 内核
|
||||
|
||||
这绝对是最大的升级，Linux 5.14 内核带来了更新的硬件支持和其他各种改进。虽然与 AlmaLinux 的目标用户不是特别相关，但它确实包括了我很欣赏的 Radeon 卡的热拔插功能。
|
||||
|
||||
除此之外，这是一个相当小的版本，它最大的卖点可能是 [紧跟在 Linux 30 周年之后发布][2]。
|
||||
|
||||
#### SELinux 性能改进
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
和所有的安全措施一样，SELinux 总是会对性能产生轻微的影响。虽然这在很大程度上是最小的，但它总是还有改进空间，而这个版本貌似就有性能改进。
|
||||
|
||||
正如红帽 [博文][4] 中所展示的那样，其中一些性能改进是相当显著的。从上图可以看出，在显示的指标中，Linux 5.14 内核（蓝色）的 SELinux 性能明显好于 Linux 5.6 内核（红色）。
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，性能有所提升，包括开销（从大约 30 MB 提升至大约 15 MB）和文件创建时间（从大约 55 ms 提升至大约 44 ms）。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 更新的软件包
|
||||
|
||||
这个版本包含了大量的软件包更新。其中一些比较重要的包括 Git 2.31、PHP 8.0、Perl 5.32 和 MySQL 8.0。GCC 也更新到了 11.2 版本。
|
||||
|
||||
有了这些更新，它应该是对更多现代标准有更好的兼容性。
|
||||
|
||||
与上游相比，它也有一些软件包被删除。关于完整的变化列表，请参考 [官方发布说明][5]。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，我认为 AlmaLinux 9.0 正在成为一个相当不错的版本，特别是当我看到了这个测试版中的改进。
|
||||
|
||||
AlmaLinux 9.0 测试版可用于 x86_64、arch64、ppc64le 和s390x 等架构。如果你想试用 AlmaLinux 9.0 测试版，请点击下方链接前往它的官网。
|
||||
|
||||
> [AlmaLinux 9.0 测试版][6]
|
||||
|
||||
请注意，它还没有准备好用于生产服务器，目前仅限于测试使用。
|
||||
|
||||
你打算从 CentOS 转到 AlmaLinux 吗？请在下面的评论中告诉我们吧！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/almalinux-9-0-beta-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jacob Crume][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/rhel-based-server-distributions/
|
||||
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kernel-5-14-release/
|
||||
[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/SELinux-Performance.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/improving-performance-and-space-efficiency-selinux
|
||||
[5]: https://wiki.almalinux.org/release-notes/9.0-beta.html
|
||||
[6]: https://mirrors.almalinux.org/isos.html
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-studio-22-04-lts/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14507-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS - 新功能和发布细节
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish” 的新特性和增强功能列表。
|
||||
|
||||
[Ubuntu Studio][1] 是 Ubuntu 的官方特色版，专门为那些主要从事图形、音频和视频工作的创作者服务。这个官方发行版在其 ISO 镜像中预装了几乎所有流行的开源创意软件，为你提供了一个现成而稳定的系统来启动你的专业工作。
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS Desktop][2]
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS - 新功能
|
||||
|
||||
像所有的 Ubuntu 官方版本一样，Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS 基于 [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish”][3]。Linux 内核 5.15 LTS 为 Ubuntu Studio 22.04 提供支持，这是一个稳定的内核，适合目前所有的现代硬件阵容。
|
||||
|
||||
大多数创造性的工作通常发生在高端和现代的机器上；因此内核版本在 Ubuntu Studio 中是很重要的。[Linux 内核 5.15 LTS][4] 支持英特尔和 AMD 当前的 CPU/GPU 阵容。例如，这个内核带来了用于高带宽 I/O 操作的 AMD PTDMA 驱动和许多基本的更新，这对现代硬件的创造性工作非常重要。
|
||||
|
||||
除此之外，定制的 [KDE Plasma 5.24][5] 和 KDE Framework 5.92 带来了友好的用户界面和 Ubuntu Studio 的原生深色主题和图标主题。KDE Plasma 桌面被调整为带有快捷方式和必要的系统托盘部件的顶部面板，使所有的专业工作更加流畅。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，如果你从 Ubuntu Studio 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa 迁移到这个版本，KDE Plasma 是用户将体验到的一个新桌面。因为 Ubuntu Studio 20.04 LTS 是最后一个带有 Xfce 桌面环境的版本。而从那时起，Ubuntu Studio 已经转向了 KDE Plasma 桌面环境，以获得更好的现代技术和性能支持。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 应用栈
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS 的应用栈带来了最新的稳定版本。Studio Controls（Ubuntu Studio 的本地控制中心）升级到了 2.3.0 版本，改进了混音器和插件，并修复了错误。
|
||||
|
||||
![Studio Controls][6]
|
||||
|
||||
除此之外，图形、视频和音频软件套件也都更新了它们的最新稳定版本。此外，如果你和上一个 LTS 版本做一个功能对比，你可能会注意到功能和改进的大规模升级。主要是针对 Blender、KDenlive 和 Ardour，因为这些超级令人印象深刻的开源应用在开发中非常活跃。
|
||||
|
||||
不过，我们在这里列出的主要应用并不是完整清单：
|
||||
|
||||
* Blender v3.0.1 （3D 计算机图形）
|
||||
* KDenlive v21.12.3 （视频编辑）
|
||||
* Krita v5.0.2 （光栅图形绘制和动画）
|
||||
* Gimp v2.10.24 （光栅图形绘制）
|
||||
* Ardour v6.9 （[数字音频工作站][8]）
|
||||
* Scribus v1.5.7 （桌面出版）
|
||||
* Darktable v3.6.0 （RAW 图像和照片管理）
|
||||
* Inkscape v1.1.2 （矢量图形编辑器）
|
||||
* Carla v2.4.2 （音频插件主机）
|
||||
* Studio Controls v2.3.0 （音频管理和控制）
|
||||
* OBS Studio v27.2.3 （流媒体应用）
|
||||
* MyPaint v2.0.1 （简单绘画）
|
||||
|
||||
此外，Jammy Jellyfish 的重大变化之一是引入了 [Pipewire][9] 0.3.48（与 Focal Fossa 相比）。这种现代音频和视频流服务器技术将帮助许多用户进行高级音频控制。但它可能需要命令行的调整来管理它。我不确定 Studio 团队未来是否会在 Studio 控制工具中带来额外的设置来管理 Pipewire。
|
||||
|
||||
最后，Ubuntu Studio 团队新设计的标志与 Canonical 的品牌形象相一致，看起来令人印象深刻，在这个版本中非常突出。
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu Studio New Logo][10]
|
||||
|
||||
### 下载和升级
|
||||
|
||||
上述所有的应用使得 Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS 的 ISO 大小达到了惊人的 4GB 以上（它不能装在一张 DVD 里 ，要用 USB）。如果你想试试，你可以使用下面的链接下载 BETA 镜像。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[ubuntustudio-22.04-beta-dvd-amd64.iso][11]**
|
||||
|
||||
> **[ubuntustudio-22.04-beta-dvd-amd64.iso.torrent][12]**
|
||||
|
||||
如果你打算从 Ubuntu Studio 20.04 LTS 升级到这个新版本，需要注意一下。由于桌面环境从 Xfce 变为 KDE Plasma，你不应该从 Ubuntu Studio 20.04 LTS 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS。这种方式不支持。
|
||||
|
||||
相反，你应该进行全新的安装。重新安装可能会有点复杂和挑战，因为你已经在系统中设置了许多插件、设置和建立了音频和视频工作的工作流程。但我还是建议你这样做，因为这样可以让你在 Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS 中清理一下，然后用一套新的应用和桌面环境重新开始。
|
||||
|
||||
_来自[发布说明][13]。_
|
||||
|
||||
_专题图片由 Unsplash 上的 [Milad Fakurian][14] 拍摄。_
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-studio-22-04-lts/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://ubuntustudio.org/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-Studio-22.04-LTS-Desktop-1024x631.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-kernel-5-15/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/kde-plasma-5-24-review/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Studio-Controls-1024x453.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/08/3-best-daw-digital-audio-workstation-apps-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[9]: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pipewire/pipewire
|
||||
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-Studio-New-Logo.jpg
|
||||
[11]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntustudio/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntustudio-22.04-beta-dvd-amd64.iso
|
||||
[12]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntustudio/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntustudio-22.04-beta-dvd-amd64.iso.torrent
|
||||
[13]: https://ubuntustudio.org/ubuntu-studio-22-04-lts-release-notes/
|
||||
[14]: https://unsplash.com/@fakurian
|
||||
[15]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[16]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[17]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[18]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Ubuntu 22.04 LTS is Now Available for Linux Desktop and Raspberry Pi"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14496-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 发布！
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 带来了许多惊喜，还带来了 GNOME 42，以及 Canonical 的新品牌/标志。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
迫不及待地想尝试 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS？那么，它终于可以下载和升级了。（LCTT 译注：升级还要等几天，还存在一些小问题）
|
||||
|
||||
它带来了 [大量令人印象深刻的功能][1]，其中 GNOME 42 和树莓派桌面支持是其主要亮点。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，它已经就绪。在你决定尝试之前，让我们花点时间来看看这个版本最重要的变化。
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 的新变化
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 是一次主要版本升级，其包括了桌面环境的改进、视觉上的变化和一些新增的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你正在使用 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS，想知道它们之间的区别，你可以查看我们的《[Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][2]》文章来了解。
|
||||
|
||||
毫无疑问，这是一个 <ruby>[长期支持][3]<rt>Long-Term Support</rt></ruby> （LTS）版本。所以，你可以期待它维护更新到 2027 年，也就是五年的支持。一些最显著的变化包括：
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1、强调色的选择
|
||||
|
||||
虽然大多数基于 Ubuntu 的 Linux 发行版提供了设置强调色的功能，但你必须使用 <ruby>[GNOME 优化][4]<rt>GNOME Tweaks</rt></ruby> 才能做到。
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
现在，在 Ubuntu 22.04 中，你可以轻松地设置你所选择的强调色，它会影响到文件夹、通知区和桌面体验的其他元素。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2、GNOME 42
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
期待已久的桌面环境升级来了。虽然 Ubuntu 22.04 的 GNOME 实现并不提供水平停靠区，但会有其它好处加成。
|
||||
|
||||
你应该能够在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 中体验到所有 [GNOME 42 的优点][7]。不幸的是，你仍然会发现几个版本号是 41 的应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
开发者提到，他们需要更多的时间来测试使用 [libadwaita][8] 的应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
话虽如此，在你继续阅读时，我也会提到 GNOME 42 所带来的有趣的更多功能。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3、新的屏幕截图工具
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
与 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 不同，你不能用 `PrtScrn`（或任何其他指定的快捷键）来直接抓拍全屏图片。
|
||||
|
||||
相反，如果你按下快捷键来截图，就会弹出来这个新的截图工具。
|
||||
|
||||
这不仅体验更加直观，而且还支持屏幕录制。因此，这是一个相当令人激动的变化！
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4、深色模式的改进
|
||||
|
||||
虽然我们已经有了深色模式，但它并不是一个完美的系统级实现。
|
||||
|
||||
感谢 [elementary OS 6][10]，GNOME 42 受到启发，实现了系统级的深色模式，更好地融合在一起以保持一致性。
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5、Firefox 变成了 Snap 版本
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
从 deb 包到 Snap 的过渡已经进行了一段时间了。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 22.04 中，Firefox 现在将默认以 Snap 包出现，在 Mozilla 的共同努力下，旨在推动更快的安全更新，并确保无需维护许多东西即可实现跨发行版的支持。
|
||||
|
||||
沙盒化的 Firefox 体验也应该可以提供更好的安全性。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以在这个 [论坛帖子][13] 中阅读更多关于该决定背后的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6、桌面图标出现在底部
|
||||
|
||||
![][14]
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，桌面图标可以在右上角的区域看到，靠近停靠区。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，在 Ubuntu 22.04 中，默认的桌面图标位置已经被改为底部。你可以通过“<ruby>外观<rt>Appearance</rt></ruby>”设置中的选项来改变这一点。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7、缩小停靠区的能力
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不喜欢停靠区占据了整个左侧区域，你可以改变它。
|
||||
|
||||
你需要禁用“<ruby>外观<rt>Appearance</rt></ruby>”调整中停靠区设置下的“<ruby>面板<rt>Panel</rt></ruby>”模式，如下图所示：
|
||||
|
||||
![][15]
|
||||
|
||||
这将分离出停靠区，并提供现代桌面体验的浮动效果。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8、树莓派桌面支持
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 是第一个也可用于树莓派的桌面 LTS 版本。
|
||||
|
||||
随着 [zswap 的引入][16]，树莓派的性能应该会在 Ubuntu 22.04 中得到显著提升。
|
||||
|
||||
它甚至可以 [在 2GB 的树莓派 4 变体型号上运行][16]。你可以在你的树莓派上测试这些改进。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9、使用 Ubuntu Advantage
|
||||
|
||||
![][17]
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Advantage 是为企业和商家提供的高级订阅，无需重新启动即可获得重要的安全更新。
|
||||
|
||||
对于大多数桌面用户来说，这不是什么有用的东西。然而，如果你想获得 Ubuntu Advantage 订阅，并将你的系统接驳到它，你可以通过导航到“<ruby>软件 & 更新<rt>Software & Updates</rt></ruby>”下的 Livepatch 部分轻松做到这一点。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10、Linux 内核 5.17 和 Linux 内核 5.15 LTS
|
||||
|
||||
[Linux 内核 5.15 LTS][18] 是一个重要的升级，它改进了 NTFS 驱动，对即将到来的英特尔独立显卡提供了初步支持，并有更多的性能改进。
|
||||
|
||||
对于你的桌面计算机，你应该注意到 Linux 内核 5.15 开箱即用。
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 服务器版也采用了 Linux 内核 5.15 LTS。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，Ubuntu 22.04 也在最新一代认证设备（OEM）上使用了 [Linux 内核 5.17][19]。
|
||||
|
||||
因此，在这个版本中，Ubuntu 根据产品的不同打包了多个内核。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11、RISC-V 的现场镜像
|
||||
|
||||
从 Ubuntu 22.04 开始，你会发现单独的可用 RISC-V 架构的<ruby>现场镜像<rt>live image</rt></ruby>。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 其他变化
|
||||
|
||||
除了上面提到的主要变化外，升级后的其他一些重大变化包括。
|
||||
|
||||
* 较新的软件包，如 OpenSSL 3.0、Ruby 3.0、Python 3.10、PHP 8.1 等。
|
||||
* 更新的应用程序，包括 Firefox 99、LibreOffice 7.3 和Thunderbird 91。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看一下它的 [官方发布说明][20] 来探索所有的技术变化。
|
||||
|
||||
### 下载或升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想通过使用 ISO 进行全新安装来体验新的 LTS 版本，请前往下面链接的官方网站进行下载。
|
||||
|
||||
> [下载 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][21]
|
||||
|
||||
而当它的更新可用时，你可以参考我们的 [升级指南][22]。
|
||||
|
||||
> **注意：** 你可以进行全新的安装，但是你还不能升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS（由于 snapd 和 update-notifier 软件包的错误有待修复）。你应该在接下来的几天里收到更新通知。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-release-features/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-20-04-vs-22-04/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/long-term-support-lts/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-tweak-tool/
|
||||
[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-22-04-accent-change.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-desktop.jpg
|
||||
[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-42-release/
|
||||
[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-libadwaita-library/
|
||||
[9]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-22-04-screenshot-ui.jpg
|
||||
[10]: https://news.itsfoss.com/elementary-os-6-features/
|
||||
[11]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-22-04-dark-mode.png
|
||||
[12]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/firefox-as-snap.png
|
||||
[13]: https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/feature-freeze-exception-seeding-the-official-firefox-snap-in-ubuntu-desktop/24210
|
||||
[14]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-desktop-icon.jpg
|
||||
[15]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-dock-shrink.jpg
|
||||
[16]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-desktop-raspberry-pi-4/
|
||||
[17]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-livepatch.jpg
|
||||
[18]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-15-release/
|
||||
[19]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-17-release/
|
||||
[20]: https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/jammy-jellyfish-release-notes/24668
|
||||
[21]: https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop
|
||||
[22]: https://itsfoss.com/upgrade-ubuntu-version/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Experience Ubuntu Unity 22.04 LTS With These New Features"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-unity-22-04-lts/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14516-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Unity 22.04 LTS 新功能体验
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> Ubuntu Unity 22.04 LTS 中的新功能和软件包，带来了精心策划的 Unity 桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Unity 是 Ubuntu 的一个非官方版本，提供了 Unity 桌面环境。Unity 桌面环境是由 Canonical 在十年前创建的，而后在 Ubuntu 18.04 “Bionic Beaver” 发布后被 [放弃了][1]，Ubuntu 转而使用了 GNOME 桌面。随着 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 的发布，Ubuntu Unity 的小团队发布了 Ubuntu Unity 22.04 LTS Linux 发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
![Nice and Clean Ubuntu Unity 22.04 LTS][2]
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu Unity 22.04 LTS - 新功能
|
||||
|
||||
抛开历史不谈，Ubuntu Unity 22.04 LTS 带来了 Unity7 桌面环境，并与 Jammy Jellyfish 版本保持了一致的变化。该版本的核心是基于 [Ubuntu][3] 的底层软件包和 [Linux 内核 5.15][4] 。Linux 内核 5.15 支持所有主流的 GPU、CPU 和其他硬件阵容，让你可以在你的硬件上自由使用这个发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，在此版本中自然有 Unity 桌面的主要魅力所在，即搜索应用的全局 HUD 和所有应用都有的全局菜单。也许，很多人喜欢 Unity 就是因为它的全局 HUD（通过 `META` 键启动），这是一个搜索、启动或做任何事情的单一入口点。
|
||||
|
||||
![Global HUD in Ubuntu Unity 22.04][5]
|
||||
|
||||
它基本上就像是 KDE Plasma 中的 [KRunner][6]。另外，它的全局菜单使应用看起来更漂亮，并节省了宝贵的屏幕空间。而且，该团队还为 Unity 桌面带来了定制的 Yaru 主题，有浅深两款。
|
||||
|
||||
![Global Menu in Ubuntu 22.04 with LibreOffice Calc][7]
|
||||
|
||||
除此之外，应用列表也有些不同，与基本的 Ubuntu GNOME 版本相比，它提供了各种基本用途的应用。比如，它用 Nemo 文件管理器代替了 GNOME 中的 “文件”，以及来自 MATE 桌面软件包的 Pluma 文本编辑器。
|
||||
|
||||
不包括 Nautilus/“文件” 是明智的，因为要做全部的 GTK4 和 libadwaita 移植工作。对于 Unity 桌面来说，这需要太多的工作，而其他的解决方案也可以有效地工作。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，在 Ubuntu Unity 22.04 LTS 中使用了 GNOME “软件” 41.5，安装和删除软件变得很容易。虽然它是一个 GNOME 41+ 系列的应用，但在 Unity 桌面外观下，它看起来很优雅。但它没有全局菜单，因为它的软件设计原则本身就没有传统的文件菜单栏。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 外观和感觉
|
||||
|
||||
但这还不是全部。Unity 桌面为你提供了大量的自定义选项，通过外观设置来选择基础主题、启动器图标大小和位置，以及其他 Unity 桌面的基本设置。如需进一步配置，你可以得到预装的 Unity Tweak 工具，它为你提供了更多额外的选项，使你的桌面成为你想要的样子。
|
||||
|
||||
最后，在这个版本中，以官方吉祥物 Jammy Jellyfish 为特色的一组迷人的墙纸为整个 Unity 桌面体验增色不少。
|
||||
|
||||
![Unity Tweak Tool][9]
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结和下载
|
||||
|
||||
作为总结，下面是 Ubuntu Unity 22.04 版本中的应用组合：
|
||||
|
||||
* 基于 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish”
|
||||
* Linux 内核 5.15
|
||||
* Unity 7.5.1
|
||||
* Flatpak 和 Flathub 作为默认安装方式
|
||||
* Nemo 文件管理器 5.2.4
|
||||
* Atril 文档浏览器 1.26
|
||||
* Pluma 文本编辑器 1.26
|
||||
* VLC 媒体播放器 3.0.16
|
||||
* EOM（Eye of MATE）图像查看器 1.26
|
||||
* MATE 系统监视器
|
||||
* Firefox 99（Snap）
|
||||
* LibreOffice 7.3.2.2
|
||||
* Unity Tweak Tool
|
||||
|
||||
最后，如果你想重温 Unity 的美好时光，可以从以下链接下载官方 ISO。
|
||||
|
||||
> **[下载 Ubuntu Unity][10]**
|
||||
|
||||
不要忘记以任何能力为官方项目做出贡献，以帮助团队继承伟大的 Unity 桌面概念的遗产。
|
||||
|
||||
_参考自 [公告][11]_
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-unity-22-04-lts/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://ubuntu.com/blog/growing-ubuntu-for-cloud-and-iot-rather-than-phone-and-convergence
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Nice-and-Clean-Ubuntu-Unity-22.04-LTS-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-kernel-5-15/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Global-HUD-in-Ubuntu-Unity-22.04-1024x574.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/kde-plasma-hidden-feature/
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Global-Menu-in-Ubuntu-22.04-with-LibreOffice-Calc-1024x574.jpg
|
||||
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Unity-Tweak-Tool.jpg
|
||||
[10]: https://ubuntuunity.org/download/
|
||||
[11]: https://ubuntuunity.org/blog/ubuntu-unity-22.04/
|
||||
[12]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[13]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[14]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[15]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Pop OS 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Updates"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/pop-os-22-04-lts/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Pop OS 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Updates
|
||||
======
|
||||
System76 released the Pop OS 22.04 LTS Beta copy on GitHub. We unwrap
|
||||
the new features and updates in this post.
|
||||
System76 released the Pop OS 22.04 LTS Beta copy on GitHub. We unwrap the new features and updates in this post.
|
||||
|
||||
System76’s POP OS is based on Ubuntu releases, and the [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS release][1] is around the corner. Following the release schedule, the beta ISO of Pop OS 22.04 is now available for download and test on GitHub. The BETA ISO is not stable yet, but you can download and do some hands-on to find out the new features.
|
||||
|
||||
### POP OS 22.04 LTS – New Features
|
||||
|
||||
![Pop OS 22.04 Desktop \(beta\)][2]
|
||||
|
||||
The major highlight of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS is the customized version of GNOME 42. Because the vanilla GNOME 42 brings the libadwaita/GT4 conversion of entire GNOME Core and native applications. But Ubuntu 22.04 LTS plans to include some of them with its unique flavours, such as Accent Color.
|
||||
|
||||
Obviously, you might be wondering how GNOME 42 looks inside Pop OS 22.04. The Cosmic desktop in POP OS 22.04 features GNOME 42 at its core. But it is heavily stripped-down to align with Cosmic desktop principles.
|
||||
|
||||
The GNOME Shell version is 42 with a mixture of applications versions. For instance, the look and feel remained almost the same as earlier releases of Pop OS, such as the buttons, colour pallets, rounded corners, menus, etc. In the same way, this LTS version has Gedit 41.0 – that means the new GNOME Text editor is not included, nor is the new GNOME Terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
Files 42 in this release look almost the same as earlier versions. However, the Files get its latest version, 42, with all of its core features, not the looks. For example, the stock Files 42 has new folder icons, compact spacing of widgets and new menus. But the Files 42 in Cosmic desktop retained its own folder icons and colours.
|
||||
|
||||
![Files in Pop OS 22.04][3]
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to that, the newly designed Dark, Light theme support with auto wallpaper change is not picked up. Because Pop OS already had the Light/Dark theme support for quite some time since the inception of the Cosmic Desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
Another critical application GNOME Settings (gnome-control-center) version remained at 41.1, which means the massive uplift of the Settings app with GNOME 42, is not available with additional features. Clearly, it is understandable from the Pop OS team’s decision because the gnome-control-center version 42 is a complex converted application to libadwaita and GTK4 with many features. Some of those features are built-in in the Pop OS via different means (such as the Light/Dark theme switcher).
|
||||
|
||||
[][1]
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS "Jammy Jellyfish" - New Features and Release Details
|
||||
|
||||
#### Summary of the changes
|
||||
|
||||
Therefore a summary of the apps and their versions are as follows
|
||||
|
||||
* Linux Kernel 5.16
|
||||
* Based on Ubuntu 22.04
|
||||
* GNOME Shell 42
|
||||
* GNOME Settings 41.4
|
||||
* Firefox 98
|
||||
* GNOME Terminal 3.43.9
|
||||
* GEdit 41.4
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Apart from this, there are no other significant changes in the Pop OS installer. Although Ubuntu 22.04 LTS uses Linux Kernel 5.15, Pop OS 22.04 LTS have the Linux Kernel 5.16.
|
||||
|
||||
I could not find a changelog published, so I assumed these were the visible changes that caught my eye.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to download Pop OS 22.04?
|
||||
|
||||
I would recommend you not do an upgrade at this time. Because of the BETA ISO image which I tried, it is extremely buggy. There are many boot problems, installation failure, updates breaking the boot process and Cosmic desktop freeze problems.
|
||||
|
||||
So, when I took a look at the [GITHUB BETA issue list][4], I was confident that it’s not yet stable, being a BETA copy. And to write this article, I had to spend a couple of hours getting it installed in [virt-manager.][5] Because the first time it got installed perfectly, I did an upgrade, and it broke the installation. So I had to re-install again.
|
||||
|
||||
That said, if you still want to test, get a hands-on or contribute to the testing, download the ISO image from the link down below. You can try it in a virtual machine or a physical system. But prepare yourself for some issues and report them when you find any.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Release timeline?
|
||||
|
||||
Well, Pop OS follows their releases after the stable release of Ubuntu. Therefore, an optimistic release timeline should be after April 21, 2022. Looking at the past release history, the Pop OS 22.04 should release between May and June 2022 as a stable release.
|
||||
|
||||
You can download the ISO of Pop OS 22.04 from the below links:
|
||||
|
||||
* [ISO][6]
|
||||
* [SHA256SUMS][7]
|
||||
* [SHA256SUMS.gpg][8]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* [ISO][9]
|
||||
* [SHA256SUMS][10]
|
||||
* [SHA256SUMS.gpg][11]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
_Via GitHub Beta [announcement][12]_
|
||||
|
||||
Cheers.
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][13], [Twitter][14], [YouTube][15], and [Facebook][16] and never miss an update!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/pop-os-22-04-lts/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Pop-OS-22.04-Desktop-beta-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Files-in-Pop-OS-22.04.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://github.com/pop-os/beta/issues
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/11/virt-manager/
|
||||
[6]: https://pop-iso.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/22.04/amd64/intel/1/pop-os_22.04_amd64_intel_1.iso
|
||||
[7]: https://pop-iso.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/22.04/amd64/intel/1/SHA256SUMS
|
||||
[8]: https://pop-iso.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/22.04/amd64/intel/1/SHA256SUMS.gpg
|
||||
[9]: https://pop-iso.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/22.04/amd64/nvidia/1/pop-os_22.04_amd64_nvidia_1.iso
|
||||
[10]: https://pop-iso.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/22.04/amd64/nvidia/1/SHA256SUMS
|
||||
[11]: https://pop-iso.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/22.04/amd64/nvidia/1/SHA256SUMS.gpg
|
||||
[12]: https://github.com/pop-os/beta
|
||||
[13]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[14]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[15]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[16]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "EndeavourOS Apollo Release Introduces a new Worm Window Manager"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/endeavouros-apollo-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
EndeavourOS Apollo Release Introduces a new Worm Window Manager
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
EndeavourOS is an Arch-based distro that focuses on a terminal-centric user experience along with all the other goodies.
|
||||
|
||||
With its latest Apollo release, the EndeavourOS team has made efforts to improve the community editions, resolve some existing issues, and add a new window manager.
|
||||
|
||||
### EndeavourOS Apollo: What’s New?
|
||||
|
||||
The most significant changes include a brand-new Window Manager “Worm” and having FirewallD installed (and enabled) by default.
|
||||
|
||||
Let us take a brief look at the changes along with other improvements.
|
||||
|
||||
#### New Worm Window Manager
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Worm is a lightweight window manager developed by one of the community editions team members (Codic12). It is written in [Nim][2].
|
||||
|
||||
Presently, it is based on X11 and does not support Wayland.
|
||||
|
||||
The window manager focuses on performance while being able to work with floating/tiling modes with essential window decorations that include minimize, maximize, and close buttons.
|
||||
|
||||
The layout can even operate nicely on a semi-embedded device like Pi Zero.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Linux Kernel 5.17
|
||||
|
||||
[Linux Kernel 5.17][3] is all about supporting next-gen hardware. If you are looking to try an Arch-based distro on the latest hardware configuration, EndeavourOS should be a nice option to start with.
|
||||
|
||||
#### FirewallD Installed and Enabled
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
While not everyone appreciates having a firewall enabled by default, with the latest Apollo release, EndeavourOS will have it baked in and active after installation.
|
||||
|
||||
#### New Quickstart App
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
A GUI app to launch after the first boot (quickstart) was added to help you choose/install common and helpful apps.
|
||||
|
||||
It provides the selection of applications using the Arch repo and not the [AUR][6].
|
||||
|
||||
#### A New Nvidia Driver Installer
|
||||
|
||||
The existing nvidia-installer-dkms app was rewritten as an improved command-line tool to make the process easier and more efficient.
|
||||
|
||||
The tool is still in its beta phase, but it is a good addition for users with Nvidia graphics.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Improvements to the Installer
|
||||
|
||||
Various improvements to the installation process were made, like the addition of an internet check before installation, a fix for DE selection, and more technical work to improve the experience.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other Improvements
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Along with the key highlights, there are plenty of important fixes and changes that include:
|
||||
|
||||
* Disable Bluetooth by default, but active in the Live environment.
|
||||
* Applying compression on installed files for btrfs.
|
||||
* Community editions with dedicated display manager, including Light DM, Slick greeter, Lxdm, ly, and GDM.
|
||||
* Automatically choosing the closest EndeavourOS mirror.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can learn more about the latest release in their [official announcement][8].
|
||||
|
||||
### Download EndeavourOS Apollo
|
||||
|
||||
The latest ISO is available on their official website. You can head to the [downloa][9][d][9] [page][9] and get the ISO from one of the mirrors available.
|
||||
|
||||
[EndeavourOS][9]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/endeavouros-apollo-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NiIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nim_(programming_language)
|
||||
[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-17-release/
|
||||
[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY3OSIgd2lkdGg9IjkwMiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU4MyIgd2lkdGg9Ijk2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/
|
||||
[7]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUyNCIgd2lkdGg9Ijg1NCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[8]: https://endeavouros.com/news/the-apollo-release-has-landed/
|
||||
[9]: https://endeavouros.com/latest-release/
|
||||
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Ubuntu MATE 22.04 – New Features and Release Details"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-mate-22-04-lts/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu MATE 22.04 – New Features and Release Details
|
||||
======
|
||||
A LIST OF NEW FEATURES OF THE UBUNTU MATE 22.04 LTS (JAMMY JELLYFISH)
|
||||
THAT INCLUDES WHAT CHANGED SINCE THE PRIOR LTS RELEASE.
|
||||
![Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS Desktop][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS – New Features
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish” releases on April 21, 2022, with the developers’ two years’ worth of continuous work.
|
||||
|
||||
While looking at the changes in Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS, I was surprised to see the number of changes it brings compared to the other official Ubuntu flavours, excluding KDE Plasms while based on [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][2].
|
||||
|
||||
The primary reason is that Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS brings the latest , a major version upgrade since Ubuntu MATE 20.04 featuring MATE Desktop 1.24.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to that, this is a first point release of the MATE desktop environment, which means you are bound to experience the performance boost because bugs and memory leaks are eliminated.
|
||||
|
||||
While trying the available ISO, I felt the is fantastic. It is super fast in terms of responses on the desktop. Thanks to the great work done by the MATE desktop team.
|
||||
|
||||
![Such a nice and clean login screen of Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes and other changes
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, this LTS release is the first variant that officially launches the with all the Yaru colour themes plus the native “Chelsea cucumber” green version. And it looks stunning.
|
||||
|
||||
Furthermore, the team also included dark and light app indicators of popular applications in the system tray, which automatically changes appearance when you transition from dark to light theme or vice-versa.
|
||||
|
||||
![MATE variant of Yaru themes][4]
|
||||
|
||||
This release includes three new GNOME applications due to popular demand: . Interestingly, they are GNOME apps based on the 41.0 release and they look stunning in the MATE environment considering they are using GTK4 and libadwaita.
|
||||
|
||||
[][5]
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO: Pop OS 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Updates
|
||||
|
||||
Besides those, the team included all popular package formats by default in the installation. That means , and you do not need to play around to set them up the first time.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, this release brings back the message indicators with 22.2.0 in the default installation. Ayatana Indicators now supports backwards compatibility to Ubuntu indicators and doesn’t require additional setup.
|
||||
|
||||
Last but not least, a colossal set of impactful tiny changes, under the hood improvements and application updates makes it one of the most memorable releases from the Ubuntu MATE team.
|
||||
|
||||
### Summary of the changes
|
||||
|
||||
To sum up the essential changes in Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS:
|
||||
|
||||
* Performance boosted and optimized MATE Desktop 1.26.1
|
||||
* Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS
|
||||
* MATE variant of Yaru theme with accent colours
|
||||
* Automatic dark and light icon switching in the system tray, based on user themes
|
||||
* MATE Tweak improvements that make the desktop layout switch more effortless than ever
|
||||
* MATE HUD now supports updated rofi theme engine
|
||||
* The ISO size is reduced by 41% as the team dropped NVIDIA drivers from the ISO (you can still install via option during setup)
|
||||
* Three new apps from GNOME: GNOME Clocks, Maps and Weather
|
||||
* Out of the box support for Flatpak, Snap and AppImage
|
||||
* Raspberry Pi image will be available post-release
|
||||
* Firefox 99.0
|
||||
* Evolution 3.44
|
||||
* LibreOffice 7.3+
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS is now available as a BETA download via the below links. You may want to give it a try before the final release.
|
||||
|
||||
* [ubuntu-mate-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][6]
|
||||
* [Checksums, torrents and other information][7]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[_Via official changelog._][8]
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][9], [Twitter][10], [YouTube][11], and [Facebook][12] and never miss an update!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-mate-22-04-lts/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-MATE-22.04-LTS-Desktop-1024x577.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Such-a-nice-and-clean-login-screen-of-Ubuntu-MATE-22.04-LTS.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/MATE-variant-of-Yaru-themes-1024x558.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/pop-os-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[6]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-mate/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntu-mate-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso
|
||||
[7]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-mate/releases/22.04/beta/
|
||||
[8]: https://ubuntu-mate.org/blog/ubuntu-mate-jammy-jellyfish-release-notes/
|
||||
[9]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[10]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[11]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[12]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-lts/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details
|
||||
======
|
||||
A LIST OF NEW FEATURES IN THE UBUNTU BUDGIE 22.04 LTS RELEASE.
|
||||
Ubuntu Budgie is the official Ubuntu flavour that features the Budgie Desktop Environment. It is uniquely designed to give you an alternative desktop experience while depending upon the GNOME stack. Written in C and Vala, the Budgie desktop uses GTK 3.x series for its components.
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS Desktop][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS – New Features
|
||||
|
||||
[Ubuntu 22.04 LT][2]S is the base for Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS, which features the [Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS][3] and underlying base packages. The Linux KErnel 5.15 brings proper support for all the latest CPU, GPU and SoC lineup from the popular manufacturers. Let’s take a look at the Budgie core improvements in this release.
|
||||
|
||||
Firstly, this release brings the latest Budgie 10.6 series which brings several improvements since the last LTS version of Ubuntu Budgie. The major changes include the budgie-indicator-applet, which has now swapped to support ayatana-indicators. Also, ayatana-indicator-applet and ayatana-webmail installation are now possible, supporting desktop notification integration with Evolution and Thunderbird email client.
|
||||
|
||||
Secondly, the system tray now looks more professional with proper spacing between the icons, and the app indicator is now shown at the beginning of the system tray.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to that, the GNOME Control Center (settings) is now hidden from the main menu, and the Budgie Control Center replaces it. The Budgie control centre was introduced in version 10.6 onwards, and it gives you the necessary options to configure Budgie desktop components.
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, the desktop layout and appearance get updated WhiteSur icon and GTK themes, GTK4+ compatible Arch themes and the Pocillo icon theme. All the underlying icons and layout themes match with their latest upstream version in this release.
|
||||
|
||||
Furthermore, the important Budgie Welcome tool now features both Brave browser and Microsoft Edge as an option to install. And a new Chrome OS desktop layout is available in this release for those who like the Chrome OS layout.
|
||||
|
||||
![New Chrome OS Layout in Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS][4]
|
||||
|
||||
One of the interesting changes in this release is related to the Firefox web browser. Recently Ubuntu made the transition to Firefox Snap instead of the deb version. So, Budgie also removed the deb version of Firefox from this release and added the snap version. But also, Canonical’s Firefox ESR (extended support release) PPA is now a browser option for all supported releases.
|
||||
|
||||
[][2]
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS "Jammy Jellyfish" - New Features and Release Details
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, a few stunning default wallpaper and the inclusion of the Mesa 22 3D graphics layer make it a somewhat interesting release of Ubuntu Budgie.
|
||||
|
||||
### Summary and Download
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a quick recap and summary of the changes with applications.
|
||||
|
||||
* Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS
|
||||
* Budgie Desktop 10.6.1
|
||||
* Budgie Control Center instead of GNOME Control Center
|
||||
* New Chrome OS Layout
|
||||
* Updated Themes and Icons to match their upstream versions
|
||||
* Cosmetic changes to the top panel
|
||||
* Firefox Snap replaces Firefox deb (with Firefox ESR PPA as an alternative)
|
||||
* Mesa 22
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Firefox 99.x
|
||||
* LibreOffice 7.3.x
|
||||
* Nemo File Manager 5.2.4
|
||||
* Tilix Terminal 1.2.4
|
||||
* Gedit text editor 41.0
|
||||
* RISCV64 architecture support from this release
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Last but not the least, this may be the last Ubuntu Budgie LTS release with the Budgie desktop as the team may move to EFL desktop in the coming years which you can [read here.][5] But I guess this official flavour will continue to serve users via a fork.
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, a moderate long term support release considering the above new features and updates. Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS is available to download using the below link as Beta. You may want to give it a try before the final release.
|
||||
|
||||
* [ubuntu-budgie-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][6]
|
||||
|
||||
* [ubuntu-budgie-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent][7]
|
||||
|
||||
*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
_Via [release notes][8]._
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][9], [Twitter][10], [YouTube][11], and [Facebook][12] and never miss an update!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-lts/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-Budgie-22.04-LTS-Desktop-1024x579.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-kernel-5-15/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/New-Chrome-OS-Layout-in-Ubuntu-Budgie-22.04-LTS-1024x596.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/09/solus-exit-gtk/
|
||||
[6]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-budgie/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntu-budgie-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso
|
||||
[7]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-budgie/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntu-budgie-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent
|
||||
[8]: https://ubuntubudgie.org/2022/03/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-lts-release-notes/
|
||||
[9]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[10]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[11]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[12]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Lubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/lubuntu-22-04-lts/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Lubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details
|
||||
======
|
||||
A LIST OF NEW FEATURES AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE LUBUNTU 22.04 LTS
|
||||
RELEASE.
|
||||
Lubuntu is the LXQt-based Linux Distribution based on Ubuntu Linux. It is one of the super lightweight distros that brings both worlds’ power. With Lubuntu 22.04, you get the latest Ubuntu tech with a lightweight desktop environment. A perfect combination if you still favour the legacy desktops.
|
||||
|
||||
![Lubuntu 22.04 LTS Desktop – isn’t it nice and clean][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### Lubuntu 22.04 – New Features
|
||||
|
||||
The Lubuntu 22.04 LTS based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, which features the Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS. The Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS brings the underlying Kernel support for the latest line of the hardware across processors, GPU and ARM chips. It also brings performance improvements across kernel modules and the secure and stable kernel to date.
|
||||
|
||||
Perhaps the vital change in Lubuntu 22.04 LTS is the latest [LXQt desktop version 0.17][2] (based on Qt 5.15). If you are a Lubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa user, then you should notice significant changes in LXQt 0.17 compared to LXQt 0.14 from Focal Fossa. It is worth mentioning here that [LXQt 1.0.0][3] is the current stable release, and it will not be featured in this version due to schedule and planning mismatch.
|
||||
|
||||
Firstly, LXQt 0.17 brings PCManFM-Qt 0.17, which brings a few changes such as displaying the creation time of files, options to create launchers and shortcuts from the menu and a fix for blurred thumbnails.
|
||||
|
||||
![Creation time][4]
|
||||
|
||||
![Launcher option and root instance in File Manager][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Secondly, the LXQt power manager improves the idle watchers with separate AC and batter options.
|
||||
|
||||
Other than that, the LXQt panel can not behave like a dock with an auto-hide feature when overlapped with the application window.
|
||||
|
||||
![Autohide in LXQt 0.17][6]
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, LXImage Qt image viewer brings “autofit” features when browsing images, a new thumbnail option in settings. Also many more bug fixes across the LXQt desktop in version 0.17, which lands in Lubutnu 22.04 LTS.
|
||||
|
||||
[][7]
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO: Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, the default Browser is the Firefox Snap version, resulting in little slowness on this fast desktop. But it is completely a workload and hardware dependent. What I mean is, you may not feel Firefox Snap is slow in the latest Intel or AMD processor lineup, but it would feel slower compared to the Firefox deb version.
|
||||
|
||||
Furthermore, Lubuntu 22.04 brings the Calamares installer (not the default Ubuntu installer) and adds the KDE Plasma’s Discover software manager. I believe these two are an excellent addition to this release and going to help users.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, an awesome default wallpaper featuring the official “Jammy Jellyfish” mascot enriches the overall Lubuntu desktop experience.
|
||||
|
||||
### Summary and Download
|
||||
|
||||
With that said, here is a summary of the applications and packages in Lubuntu 22.04 LTS.
|
||||
|
||||
* Based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
|
||||
* LXQt Desktop 0.17.0 with Qt 5.15 support
|
||||
* Linux Kernel 5.15
|
||||
* PCManFM-Qt 0.17.0
|
||||
* Discover 5.24
|
||||
* LibreOffice 7.3.2.x
|
||||
* VLC Media Player 3.0.16
|
||||
* Qterminal 0.17
|
||||
* Featherpad text editor 1.0.1
|
||||
* Calamares installer 3.2.41
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, a perfect update of Lubuntu since the last LTS version, considering the latest LXQt desktop with the latest Qt support, new installer, Discover software manager and underlying applications. Lubuntu 22.04 LTS is now available to download using the below link as Beta. You may want to give it a spin before the final release.
|
||||
|
||||
* [lubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][8]
|
||||
* [lubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent][9]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
_A note on Lubuntu users: The official website of Lubuntu is [lubuntu.me][10]. There is another website with .net domain, which is not official. So, always get the info and download it from [lubuntu.me][10]._
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][11], [Twitter][12], [YouTube][13], and [Facebook][14] and never miss an update!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/lubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Lubuntu-22.04-LTS-Desktop-isnt-it-nice-and-clean-1024x580.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/04/lxqt-0-17-release/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/lxqt-1-0-release/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Creation-time-1024x206.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Launcher-option-and-root-instance-in-File-Manager.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Autohide-in-LXQt-0.17.gif
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[8]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/22.04/beta/lubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso
|
||||
[9]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/22.04/beta/lubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent
|
||||
[10]: https://lubuntu.me/
|
||||
[11]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[12]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[13]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[14]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "LXQt 1.1.0 Releases With Theme Updates, Panel Improvements, and More"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/lxqt-1-1-0-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
LXQt 1.1.0 Releases With Theme Updates, Panel Improvements, and More
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
LXQt is a lightweight Qt-based desktop environment.
|
||||
|
||||
With the latest LXQt 1.1.0 update, the desktop experience depends on Qt 5.15, the LTS version of Qt 5 series. The release announcement mentions that they started working on [Qt 6.0][1] port but needed a more stable version.
|
||||
|
||||
Let me briefly highlight what’s new with the new release.
|
||||
|
||||
### LXQt 1.1.0: What’s New?
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
The 1.1.0 release is a major upgrade that involves several improvements and additions.
|
||||
|
||||
The primary work includes refinements to the file manager, updating the theme, panel, and some enhancements to the configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
#### File Manager Supports DBus Interface
|
||||
|
||||
When it comes to displaying files inside folders from within non-Qt applications, File Manager now gets the support for DBus interface that should work nicely with apps like Firefox, and Chromium.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Improvements to Compatibility with non-Qt Applications
|
||||
|
||||
Not just limited to file manager, but the new component xdg-desktop-portal-lxqt should help improve the behavior of non-Qt apps with the file dialog.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Theme Refinements
|
||||
|
||||
The LXQt themes received upgrades that include a new theme (Valendas), and several new wallpapers.
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
To further let users tweak Qt widget styles, matching Qt palettes have been made available for a better look/feel.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to small enhancements, several fixes have been made to the themes.
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Panel Improvements
|
||||
|
||||
The LXQt panel also received some subtle changes, like the legacy tray icons being collapsed inside Status Notifier when the System Tray plugin is enabled.
|
||||
|
||||
The reset buttons were fixed in configuration dialogs. And, now the desktop names are shown in the context menus of active task buttons.
|
||||
|
||||
The panel’s config dialog is split into 3 sections to make things easier to navigate.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other Improvements
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the visual changes and file manage improvements, you will notice the following:
|
||||
|
||||
* Refinements to the power management tray icon.
|
||||
* New option to LXQt session settings for global screen scaling
|
||||
* The Default LXQt theme changed to clearlooks, and the default icon theme is now Breeze.
|
||||
* Improved translations.
|
||||
* Improvements to the QTerminal.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you want more details on the changes with the release, you may refer to the [official announcement][6].
|
||||
|
||||
### Getting LXQt 1.1.0
|
||||
|
||||
You will have to wait for your distribution to make the update available for you to install. We did not notice it even with the latest daily build for Lubuntu 22.04.
|
||||
|
||||
However, you can experiment with it on Arch Linux using the community testing packages.
|
||||
|
||||
[LXQt 1.1.0][7]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/lxqt-1-1-0-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/qt-6-released/
|
||||
[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3OCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NCIgd2lkdGg9Ijg3OSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NiIgd2lkdGg9Ijg3NyIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NCIgd2lkdGg9Ijg3OCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[6]: https://lxqt-project.org/release/2022/04/15/lxqt-1-1-0/
|
||||
[7]: https://lxqt-project.org/
|
||||
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-kylin-22-04-lts/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details
|
||||
======
|
||||
A LIST OF NEW FEATURES OF THE BEAUTIFUL UBUNTU KYLIN 22.04 LTS WITH
|
||||
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
|
||||
[Ubuntu Kylin][1] is the official Chinese version of Ubuntu Linux. It targets Chinese users, but you can install it because it has almost all popular local language support across countries. Canonical and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China agreed in 2013 to officially build Ubuntu for the Chinese market for national usage. Hence, it has continued since then.
|
||||
|
||||
The main attraction of Ubuntu Kylin is the stunning UKUI desktop environment (Ubuntu Kylin User Interface). The UKUI desktop environment is a beautiful desktop, uses few system resources and resembles Windows 7 and Windows 10 user interfaces for easy adoption. The UKUI is written using Qt and based on GTK for a few components.
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS Desktop][2]
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS – What’s New
|
||||
|
||||
That said, the Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS brings the revamped UKUI 3.1, which brings several stunning UI changes since its 3.0 release. Firstly, the icon sets changed to look more modern and flat for the entire operating system. The icon colours are vibrant and easily distinguishable for similar colour usage. For example, the folder colours are yellow-orange, identical to other OSes.
|
||||
|
||||
![Peony File Manager][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Secondly, the bottom panel is revamped in UKUI 3.x+ with clean texts, icon spacing and three new size options – small, medium and large. The panel options allow you to move it to the top, left, and right without any extensions or tweaks.
|
||||
|
||||
Third, the workspace view is improved with well-organized workspace thumbnails and application window previews. It’s worth mentioning that the workspace view in Ubuntu Kylin is similar to the Pop OS workspace view. You can easily drag the running applications and put them to any workspaces while remaining in workspace view.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to that, the UKUI design revamps since the 3.0 version includes an expanded application menu view which is a toggle option at the right-top of the main menu. When activated, it gives you a full-screen application view similar to GNOME. Interestingly, this is one unique way of intuitively combining the traditional app menu with the modern application menu.
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu Kylin Workspace View][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, the Peony file manager of Ubuntu Kylin brings several improvements and aligns itself with the UKUI design revamp in this release. The Peony file manager 3.2.2 brings new folder icons, bug fixes, and an underlying performance boost.
|
||||
|
||||
[][5]
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO: Pop OS 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Updates
|
||||
|
||||
One of the interesting change is the cursor theme settings which provides you with a preview of cursors before you apply. I think no other Linux distribution provides the cursor preview today in their settings. The Settings window also gives you a built-in dark and light theme with well-categorised sections to tweak your desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 – Cursor preview][6]
|
||||
|
||||
### Summary and Download
|
||||
|
||||
Together with the above changes, Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS brings the default applications based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, which we list below.
|
||||
|
||||
* Based on [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][7] and [Linux Kernel 5.15][8]
|
||||
* UKUI Desktop Environment 3.1 (Kylin Linux Desktop V10 – SP1)
|
||||
* Based on GTK Version 3.0 (for MATE applications)
|
||||
* Based on Qt 5.15 (for UKUI)
|
||||
* Firefox 99 (Snap version)
|
||||
* LibreOffice 7.3.2.2
|
||||
* MATE Terminal 1.26
|
||||
* Peony File Manager 3.2.2
|
||||
* Pluma Text Editor 1.26 (MATE Application)
|
||||
* Python 3.10
|
||||
* Rythmbox 3.4.4
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, the Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS is available to download as Beta from the link below. You may want to try it out before the final release.
|
||||
|
||||
_If you are planning to install, remember to choose the language, locale and keyboard properly during installation. They default to Chinese._
|
||||
|
||||
* [ubuntukylin-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][9] (ISO file 3.9G)
|
||||
* [ubuntukylin-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent][10] (Torrent)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][11], [Twitter][12], [YouTube][13], and [Facebook][14] and never miss an update!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-kylin-22-04-lts/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.ubuntukylin.com/index-en.html
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-Kylin-22.04-LTS-Desktop-1024x645.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Peony-File-Manager-1024x560.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-Kylin-Workspace-View-1024x545.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/pop-os-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-Kylin-22.04-Cursor-preview-1024x641.jpg
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-kernel-5-15/
|
||||
[9]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntukylin/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntukylin-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso
|
||||
[10]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntukylin/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntukylin-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent
|
||||
[11]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[12]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[13]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[14]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Kubuntu 22.04 LTS Arrives with KDE Plasma 5.24"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/kubuntu-22-04-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Kubuntu 22.04 LTS Arrives with KDE Plasma 5.24
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS has finally been released. So, you can expect all of its official flavors to offer the latest and greatest soon after that.
|
||||
|
||||
And, the KDE flavour, i.e., Kubuntu 22.04 LTS is now also available to download!
|
||||
|
||||
You should expect all the [feature additions of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][1] and specially tailored improvements for the Kubuntu 22.04 release.
|
||||
|
||||
Let me briefly emphasize the key changes.
|
||||
|
||||
### Kubuntu 22.04 LTS: What’s New?
|
||||
|
||||
The primary highlight of the release is KDE Plasma 5.24 LTS.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to that, you should also notice updates to KDE apps and other pre-installed applications. Let’s take a look:
|
||||
|
||||
#### KDE Plasma 5.24
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
KDE Plasma 5.24 features an updated breeze theme, and several visual improvements. It is a long-term supported version that should get updates until Plasma 6 releases.
|
||||
|
||||
You had the option to use KDE Neon or Arch Linux, or a few other distros to experience KDE Plasma 5.24. Finally, Kubuntu is here as a mainstream distro featuring the latest and greatest from KDE.
|
||||
|
||||
You can learn more about [KDE Plasma 5.24][3] changes in our previous coverage.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are moving away from GNOME-based Ubuntu, you may want to check out our article on [KDE Plasma vs GNOME][4] to get some insights before making the switch.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Default Browser as Firefox Snap
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox 99 snap is the default browser. In case you’re curious, Mozilla is working with Canonical to quickly push updates and conveniently maintain the browser using the snap package.
|
||||
|
||||
So, it only makes sense to keep it as the default. But, you can always install the deb package if you do not prefer using Snap.
|
||||
|
||||
#### GNOME-like Overview
|
||||
|
||||
With KDE Plasma 5.24, you get the ability to use a feature similar to GNOME’s Activities overview.
|
||||
|
||||
You can browse through your virtual desktops and windows at a glance with its help.
|
||||
|
||||
To access it, you can press the Super key + W, and here’s how it should look:
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Improvements to Discover
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
The software center for KDE i.e. Discover has received some upgrades. One of the neat additions includes the ability to prevent removing anything that is critical to the system’s operation.
|
||||
|
||||
You should notice a warning when you try to remove something that could break the system.
|
||||
|
||||
If you prefer Flatpak, you can now open locally downloaded Flatpak packages and install it using the Flatpak repository URI.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Fingerprint Support
|
||||
|
||||
KDE Plasma 5.24 finally adds the support for fingerprint authentication. You can conveniently add up to 10 fingerprints and use them to unlock or authenticate something.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other Improvements
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the major upgrades, you should expect subtle changes across the platform along with app updates that include:
|
||||
|
||||
* LibreOffice 7.3
|
||||
* KDE Gear 21.12
|
||||
* Dolphin
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To explore more about the changes, you can refer to the [official release notes][8].
|
||||
|
||||
### Download Kubuntu 22.04 LTS
|
||||
|
||||
You can head to the official download page to get the latest ISO or choose to wait to receive the upgrade prompt.
|
||||
|
||||
[Kubuntu 20.04 LTS][9]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/kubuntu-22-04-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-release-features/
|
||||
[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY3NSIgd2lkdGg9IjEyMDAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kde-plasma-5-24-lts-release/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/kde-vs-gnome/
|
||||
[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY3OSIgd2lkdGg9IjEyMDAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[6]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU5MSIgd2lkdGg9IjgzOSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[7]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ1NyIgd2lkdGg9IjgxMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[8]: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/JammyJellyfish/ReleaseNotes/Kubuntu
|
||||
[9]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/releases/22.04/release/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS Released: Fast, Elegant, And More Feature-Filled Than Ever"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS Released: Fast, Elegant, And More Feature-Filled Than Ever
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Since its initial release in 2016, I’ve been an admirer of Ubuntu Budgie. With its sleek visuals, fluid animations, and solid Ubuntu base, it covers all my needs.
|
||||
|
||||
Although it is relatively new compared to other Ubuntu flavors, it has already managed to gain a significant following.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, with Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS, this level of polish has been brought to a whole new level.
|
||||
|
||||
### What’s New?
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
As to be expected, there are vast numbers of improvements compared to the previous 20.04 LTS release. Some changes include:
|
||||
|
||||
* The newly released [Budgie 10.6][2]
|
||||
* budgie-applications-menu-applet improvements
|
||||
* New hot corners “delay” and “pressure” options
|
||||
* Panel spacing improvements
|
||||
* RISCV64 support
|
||||
* Theme updates from upstream
|
||||
* New Chrome OS-like layout
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can expect updates for Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 up until 2025.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Budgie 10.6 Desktop
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 now ships with Budgie 10.6. As I highlighted in [our coverage][2] of the release, it is the first one under its new organization. In short, Joshua Strobl left the Solus distribution but still wanted to work on Budgie.
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
To facilitate this, he forked the Budgie repository and formed the **Buddies of Budgie** organization, which now maintains and develops budgie.
|
||||
|
||||
Due to all of these changes, Budgie 10.6 wasn’t a massive release, although it did bring a new notification system, alongside some minor code reformatting. As a result, other Budgie components can now use the notification system, opening up some interesting future options.
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 inherits these changes, and it will be interesting to see what they do with them in future releases.
|
||||
|
||||
#### App Menu Improvements
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 also has a few improvements to the application menu. One of my favorite features of the app menu is its fast search, which has now been improved. This comes in the form of the availability of the app context menu in the search results.
|
||||
|
||||
Additionally, the menu now also supports the non-default GPU flag from .desktop files. This is particularly useful for laptop users, as it allows simpler apps to use significantly less power. This is extended with a new context menu option, which allows users to easily change this option in the GUI.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, the categories should now be more inclusive, meaning, fewer apps end up in the “**Other**” category.
|
||||
|
||||
As a laptop user, I have really been enjoying the extra battery life these changes have afforded me, and I’m sure many of you will appreciate these changes too.
|
||||
|
||||
#### RISC-V Support
|
||||
|
||||
This improvement is extremely exciting. For those of you that are unaware, RISC-V is a fully open-source CPU architecture (think x86 and ARM) that is slowly becoming quite popular. As such, it is only a matter of time before we find these CPUs making their way into desktops and laptops (like what we have seen with ARM chips).
|
||||
|
||||
For this, Ubuntu Budgie now has support for this exciting architecture, although there is no pre-built disk image available. Instead, Ubuntu Server must be installed first, with the user than installing the `ubuntu-budgie-desktop` package.
|
||||
|
||||
Although the installation process is not for new users, this addition paves the way for support for the next generation of CPUs.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Theme Updates
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Another major highlight in Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 is the numerous theme updates. Firstly, the beautiful Arc theme has been updated with GTK 4 support, ready for apps transitioning from GTK 3. Of course, this doesn’t affect Libadwaita apps, which you can read about why in our [in-depth coverage][8].
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
The WhiteSur GTK and icon themes have been updated for macOS fans, with support for more apps and more accurate visuals.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, the default Pocillo theme has been updated with more app icons.
|
||||
|
||||
You can learn more about the technical changes in the [official release notes][10].
|
||||
|
||||
### Getting Ubuntu Budgie 22.04
|
||||
|
||||
For the first time, you might want to try Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 on a virtual machine to see how it goes.
|
||||
|
||||
If you already have Ubuntu Budgie installed, upgrading is extremely simple. Simply copy the following command into the terminal, and follow the on-screen prompts. You may have to wait for a few days if the upgrade isn’t available yet.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo do-release-upgrade -d -f DistUpgradeViewGtk3
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
For new users, just download the ISO file from the button below.
|
||||
|
||||
[Get Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS][11]
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, Ubuntu Budgie is a great upgrade to an already awesome distro. Between the updated budgie version, RISC V support, and theme updates, Ubuntu Budgie continues to be a competitive alternative to other Ubuntu flavors.
|
||||
|
||||
_What are your thoughts on this release? Feel free to share them in the comments section below._
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jacob Crume][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY4MSIgd2lkdGg9IjEzNDciIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/budgie-10-6-release/
|
||||
[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY3NSIgd2lkdGg9IjEyMDAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjI3NyIgd2lkdGg9IjQ5OCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUxNiIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[6]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY4MSIgd2lkdGg9IjEzNTUiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[7]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUxMiIgd2lkdGg9IjgwMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-libadwaita-library/
|
||||
[9]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUxNyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[10]: https://ubuntubudgie.org/2022/03/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-lts-release-notes/
|
||||
[11]: https://ubuntubudgie.org/downloads/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS Brings in a New Yaru Theme, MATE Desktop 1.26.1, and More Improvements"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-mate-22-04-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Rishabh Moharir https://news.itsfoss.com/author/rishabh/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS Brings in a New Yaru Theme, MATE Desktop 1.26.1, and More Improvements
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS is an exciting release already.
|
||||
|
||||
While other Ubuntu-based distros should be getting ready to offer their latest versions based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, Ubuntu’s official flavors’ LTS releases have also landed.
|
||||
|
||||
Here, we focus on **Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS**, featuring the latest MATE Desktop 1.26.1.
|
||||
|
||||
Usually, Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS puts great effort on top of the improvements from the upstream.
|
||||
|
||||
This time, it has received significant updates, especially to the look/feel.
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu Mate 22.04: What’s New?
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Mate 22.04 brings quite a number of changes to the appearance apart from necessary packages updates and bug fixes.
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s take a look at the major highlights.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Improved Yaru Theme Support
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu’s popular and community-backed default theme takes the center stage in this release. MATE’s compatibility with the theme has been significantly improved since it was first included in Ubuntu MATE 21.04.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, all the Yaru color accents have been shipped, along with a new MATE-focused “Chelsea Cucumber” theme. The stock and the legacy Ambiant/Radiant themes have been removed.
|
||||
|
||||
![Source: Ubuntu MATE][1]
|
||||
|
||||
When upgrading to the new version, an automatic settings migration takes care of selecting a relevant Yaru MATE theme if your old theme is no longer supported.
|
||||
|
||||
MATE’s default Windows Manager – Metacity or Marco – has also been updated to provide a uniform look and feel. This applies to third-party compositors too.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Improved Panels
|
||||
|
||||
Expanding on the Yaru compatibility, the Appearance Control Center now accurately switches the color scheme for apps. The panel now comes in both light and dark mode, along with a host of panel icons to Yaru.
|
||||
|
||||
The theming brings support to Plank and Pluma too.
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Source: Ubuntu MATE
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Updated Ayatana Indicators
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu MATE 20.10 users must be familiar with Ayatana Indicators. For those unaware, they are basically a fork of Ubuntu indicators and created to be used across many distros and desktop environments.
|
||||
|
||||
![Source: Ubuntu MATE][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Ayatana Indicators 22.2.0 has been included in this new release. This means there’s less RAM and CPU usage, leading to improved battery performance and backward compatibility with Ubuntu Indicators.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. MATE Tweak
|
||||
|
||||
One of the most popular features of Ubuntu MATE is the presence of MATE Tweak which allows users to select their preferred desktop layout ranging from Cupertino (macOS) to Redmond (Windows 10).
|
||||
|
||||
Users should now expect an improved layout switching and restoring for custom layouts.
|
||||
|
||||
![Source: Ubuntu MATE][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Also, those who make use of third-party compositors should expect better support. Do note that support for Compton has been dropped (since it’s not maintained anymore) and support for picom has been added instead.
|
||||
|
||||
Lastly, the mate-netbook layout has been removed due to conflicting issues with client-side decorated windows.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. MATE HUD
|
||||
|
||||
MATE HUD is a custom HUD that makes use of rofi to run menu commands.
|
||||
|
||||
It has been updated to support the latest version of rofi, as a new theme engine has been introduced. Also, the window now sports rounded corners, depending on the current GTK theme.
|
||||
|
||||
Users can also add their own rofi themes by pasting them in:
|
||||
|
||||
`~/.local/share/rofi/themes`.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. New Apps and Packages
|
||||
|
||||
Users will be pleased to know that support for PPA, Snap, AppImage, and Flatpak has been enabled by default.
|
||||
|
||||
The snap-desktop-integration has also been included to improve the user’s session and automatically install snapped themes.
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME users will particularly be pleased to see three new GNOME apps—Maps, Clocks, and Weather.
|
||||
|
||||
![Source: Ubuntu MATE][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Not to forget, you should also expect the latest [Firefox 99.0][7], Celluloid 0.20, Evolution 3.44, LibreOffice 7.3.2.1, and Blueman 2.2.4, among other package updates.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS and Mate Desktop 1.26.1
|
||||
|
||||
You can expect the latest Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS release with Ubuntu MATE 22.04.
|
||||
|
||||
And, the desktop environment is now the latest MATE 1.26.1, which mostly includes performance and bug fixes on top of improvements to Mate Desktop 1.26.0.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. Lighter ISO Size
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu MATE’s ISO size has been reduced to a decent 2.7 GB. So, what’s the take away?
|
||||
|
||||
Considering, that all of the legacy themes and icons have been removed. So, it’s safe to say, Ubuntu MATE’s theming system has completely transitioned to upstream Yaru. Furthermore, three snap-based applications have also been discarded.
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, the proprietary NVIDIA graphics drivers can no longer be found in the default install.
|
||||
|
||||
Fret not, as a checkbox can be marked during the installation process to install third-party drivers to include NVIDIA drivers, just like some other Ubuntu-based distros. There’s even a minimal installation checkbox as well.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other Changes
|
||||
|
||||
There have been several bug fixes and other additions as well.
|
||||
|
||||
* Bugs related to Plank, Brisk Menu, and a screen reader for visually-impaired users have been fixed.
|
||||
* Addition of 3 beautiful AI-generated wallpapers.
|
||||
* An updated Welcome screen with newer software.
|
||||
* Support for indicators for battery-powered gaming peripherals.
|
||||
* A new image for the Raspberry Pi.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can have a look at the [official release notes][8] for detailed technical information.
|
||||
|
||||
### Download Ubuntu MATE 22.04
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS is now available to download. You can grab the ISO using the button below.
|
||||
|
||||
[Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS][9]
|
||||
|
||||
### Closing Thoughts
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu MATE 22.04 is a feature-rich release with the main focus on visuals. Looks like community-driven Ubuntu MATE is now a more compelling alternative to Canonical’s Ubuntu, especially after noticing the inclusion of Yaru-only themes.
|
||||
|
||||
What do you think about Ubuntu MATE 22.04? Let me know your thoughts in the comments below.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-mate-22-04-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Rishabh Moharir][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/rishabh/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjYxNCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjI3IiB3aWR0aD0iNTMzIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg==
|
||||
[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjI4IiB3aWR0aD0iNTM2IiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg==
|
||||
[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUzNSIgd2lkdGg9IjgxNSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjczMiIgd2lkdGg9IjgyMiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[6]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NiIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/firefox-99-release/
|
||||
[8]: https://ubuntu-mate.org/blog/ubuntu-mate-jammy-jellyfish-release-notes/
|
||||
[9]: https://ubuntu-mate.org/download/amd64/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Xubuntu 22.04 LTS Releases with Updated Theme, Whisker Menu 2.7.1, and Other Upgrades"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/xubuntu-22-04-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Xubuntu 22.04 LTS Releases with Updated Theme, Whisker Menu 2.7.1, and Other Upgrades
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Xubuntu is one of the most loved Ubuntu flavours featuring the Xfce desktop environment.
|
||||
|
||||
If you were looking to install the latest [Long-Term release][1] Ubuntu-based distro that is light on system resources, Xubuntu 22.04 should be a good pick.
|
||||
|
||||
Xubuntu 22.04 LTS includes a visual refresh and some package updates. Here, I shall highlight the key changes with this release.
|
||||
|
||||
### Xubuntu 22.04 LTS: What’s New?
|
||||
|
||||
Xubuntu 22.04 comes packed with new wallpapers, app upgrades, and more.
|
||||
|
||||
Some of the significant refinements include:
|
||||
|
||||
#### Theme Updates
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Greybird, the default theme for Xubuntu has introduced initial support for GTK 4 to blend in well with modern GTK applications.
|
||||
|
||||
It also brings back the Accessibility and Compact window manager themes.
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
The elementary-xfce theme adds new icons and improves on the existing ones for a cleaner Xubuntu desktop experience.
|
||||
|
||||
#### New Wallpapers
|
||||
|
||||
Xubuntu features new default wallpapers along with six new additions from the community wallpaper contest.
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
The new collection looks absolutely lovely.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Application Stack Updates
|
||||
|
||||
You should notice newer GNOME 42 applications, GTK 3.24.33, and other subsystem updates like NetworkManager 1.36, Mesa 22, PulseAudio 16, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Xfce App Updates
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
A range of Xfce applications have been updated with Xubuntu 22.04, some of the major ones include:
|
||||
|
||||
* **Mousepad 0.5.8**: A text editor with more features with support for session backup/restore, plugin support, and new plugins.
|
||||
* **Ristretto 0.12.2**: An image viewer with improved thumbnail support and performance improvements
|
||||
* **Whisker Menu Plugin 2.7.1**: More customization options
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Firefox Snap
|
||||
|
||||
Just like Ubuntu 22.04, Xubuntu 22.04 includes Firefox as a snap package.
|
||||
|
||||
The snap package can be a secure experience with sandboxing and will get quicker updates by Mozilla.
|
||||
|
||||
### Other Improvements
|
||||
|
||||
You should expect numerous bug fixes and performance improvements along with the essential enhancements.
|
||||
|
||||
There are more package updates that include:
|
||||
|
||||
* Thunderbird 91
|
||||
* LibreOffice 7.3.2
|
||||
* Blueman 2.2.4
|
||||
* GNOME Disk Usage Analyzer 41.0
|
||||
* MATE Calculator 1.26.0
|
||||
* Thunar plugins
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can learn more about the changes in its [official announcement post][6].
|
||||
|
||||
### Download Xubuntu 22.04
|
||||
|
||||
You can head to the link in the button below to get the latest ISO available. For an upgrade, you may want to wait for a few days.
|
||||
|
||||
[Xubuntu 22.04 LTS][7]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/xubuntu-22-04-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/long-term-support-lts/
|
||||
[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NiIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU2MSIgd2lkdGg9IjEzNDciIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjYzNiIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4OSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU4NCIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MyIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[6]: https://wiki.xubuntu.org/releases/22.04/release-notes#major_updates
|
||||
[7]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/22.04/release/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Lubuntu 22.04 LTS Releases with Calamares Installer, LXQt 0.17.0, & Featherpad 1.0.1"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/lubuntu-22-04-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Lubuntu 22.04 LTS Releases with Calamares Installer, LXQt 0.17.0, & Featherpad 1.0.1
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Looking for a lightweight Ubuntu distro for your computer as an alternative to GNOME-powered Ubuntu 22.04 LTS?
|
||||
|
||||
Lubuntu 22.04 LTS is here as a replacement. In fact, you can also take a look at [Xubuntu 22.04 LTS][1], if you are exploring lightweight options.
|
||||
|
||||
Here, we focus on the most exciting changes with Lubuntu 22.04 LTS.
|
||||
|
||||
### Lubuntu 22.04 LTS: What’s New?
|
||||
|
||||
Lubuntu 22.04 LTS comes packed with LXQt 0.17.0, updated applications, and some improvements.
|
||||
|
||||
It is a [Long-Term Release][2] version. So, you can expect updates for Lubuntu 22.04 LTS until 2025, i.e., **three-year support**, which is usual for [official Ubuntu flavours][3].
|
||||
|
||||
Some of the significant changes include:
|
||||
|
||||
#### New Wallpaper
|
||||
|
||||
Everyone loves a new wallpaper. With various Ubuntu flavours like [MATE][4], [Kubuntu][5], and [Budgie][6] releases, you have got plenty of new wallpapers.
|
||||
|
||||
With Lubuntu 22.04, there is an interesting wallpaper that you can find on [Unsplash][7]:
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
#### LXQt 0.17.0 (Can Upgrade to LXQt 1.1.0)
|
||||
|
||||
While LXQt 0.17.0 includes essential improvements, it would have been more exciting to see the recent [LXQt 1.1.0][9]. Considering it was released last week, it did not make the cut in this release.
|
||||
|
||||
However, they could have gone with LXQt 1.0.0 at least.
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
LXQt 0.17.0 includes improvements to the session behavior for non-LXQt apps, power manager updates, an auto-hide feature added to the LXQt panel, and further adjustments.
|
||||
|
||||
For details on LXQt 0.17.0, you can refer to its [official release notes][11].
|
||||
|
||||
The LXQt project team on Twitter [mentioned][12] that it is possible to easily install LXQt 1.1.0 on Lubuntu. I tried it on a virtual machine, so you can give it a try if you like.
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
All you have to do is add the following repository and then upgrade the system:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:severusseptimius/lxqt
|
||||
sudo apt update
|
||||
sudo apt upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
I did not have any issues with it. However, I am uncertain if Lubuntu recommends it yet (or they may push an update soon).
|
||||
|
||||
#### Firefox as Snap
|
||||
|
||||
Unfortunately, every Ubuntu flavour does include Firefox as a snap package, considering Mozilla will be focusing on the Snap for faster updates and maintenance.
|
||||
|
||||
In a good way, you should experience enhanced security with its sandboxing.
|
||||
|
||||
The release notes mention that the browser can be slower to start for the first time after boot, especially in the live environment. But you shouldn’t have trouble with subsequent runs.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Package Updates
|
||||
|
||||
With Lubuntu 22.04 LTS, you get upgrades to various applications that include:
|
||||
|
||||
* VLC 3.0.16
|
||||
* Featherpad 1.0.1
|
||||
* LibreOffice 7.3.2
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Along with the applications, you also get an update to the Discover Software Center for a smoother experience with managing/installing software.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Calamares Installer
|
||||
|
||||
Lubuntu 22.04 LTS utilizes the Calamares installer in place of Ubiquity, as favored by most of the other Ubuntu flavours.
|
||||
|
||||
You get the swapfile size set to 512 MB by default. But, you can opt for no swap, if you like.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Dropping Trojita/k3b/fcitx
|
||||
|
||||
Some of the popular packages like Trojita (mail client), k3b, and fcitx are no longer present in Lubuntu 22.04 LTS.
|
||||
|
||||
So, if you are upgrading, you can manually install it using their [official guide][14].
|
||||
|
||||
To explore more about the changes in Lubuntu 22.04 LTS, you can refer to the [official release notes][15].
|
||||
|
||||
### Download Lubuntu 22.04 LTS
|
||||
|
||||
_If you are upgrading from Lubuntu 20.04 LTS that has LXQt, this new version uses a different Openbox settings configuration file._
|
||||
|
||||
_If you have customized, `~/.config/openbox/lxqt-rc.xml` you will want to copy that file to `~/.config/openbox/rc.xml`. This change does not impact new installations and upgrades from 21.10._
|
||||
|
||||
To perform a fresh installation, you can get the latest ISO from the official website (direct link/torrent available).
|
||||
|
||||
[Lubuntu 22.04 LTS][16]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/lubuntu-22-04-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/xubuntu-22-04-release/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/long-term-support-lts/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/which-ubuntu-install/
|
||||
[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-mate-22-04-release/
|
||||
[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kubuntu-22-04-release/
|
||||
[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-release/
|
||||
[7]: https://unsplash.com/photos/bviex5lwf3s
|
||||
[8]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NiIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[9]: https://news.itsfoss.com/lxqt-1-1-0-release/
|
||||
[10]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY3NSIgd2lkdGg9IjEyMDAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[11]: https://lxqt-project.org/release/2021/04/16/lxqt-0-17-0/
|
||||
[12]: https://twitter.com/lxqt_project/status/1517432593020563458?s=20&t=WVsqRk8b83pSE5_TfZ3n4Q
|
||||
[13]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUwOSIgd2lkdGg9IjcxNiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[14]: https://discourse.lubuntu.me/t/dropping-trojita-k3b-fcitx-from-lubuntu-jammy-22-04-seed/3044
|
||||
[15]: https://discourse.lubuntu.me/t/lubuntu-22-04-lts-jammy-jellyfish-release-notes/3179
|
||||
[16]: https://lubuntu.me/downloads/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Exciting New Features Revealed for KDE Plasma 5.25! Take a Look Here"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/plasma-5-25-features/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Exciting New Features Revealed for KDE Plasma 5.25! Take a Look Here
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
[KDE Plasma 5.24][1] was an interesting upgrade with an updated breeze theme and the new overview effect.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, the developers have geared up to introduce exciting new features for KDE Plasma 5.25.
|
||||
|
||||
### KDE Plasma 5.25: What’s New?
|
||||
|
||||
In a blog post by Nate Graham, some of the most intriguing changes were highlighted. Let us take a look at them here.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Ability to Selectively Apply the Global Theme
|
||||
|
||||
![Credits: Pointiestick Blog / Nate Graham][2]
|
||||
|
||||
When you proceed to apply a Global Theme from the system settings, you will be prompted to confirm if you want the theme to be applied everywhere or to certain parts of it.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, you may not want to change the cursors and icons but the window background and application style.
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, you get more control when applying the Global Theme to your KDE-powered system.
|
||||
|
||||
Impressive work by **Dominic Hayes** for this [merged commit][3].
|
||||
|
||||
#### Auto-Generated Accent Based on Current Wallpaper
|
||||
|
||||
Having the ability to choose a custom or a preset accent is already good enough.
|
||||
|
||||
With KDE Plasma 5.25, they are getting one step ahead by giving the option to generate and select an accent color based on the current wallpaper.
|
||||
|
||||
And, it all happens automatically as you change the wallpaper, given that you have the option enabled.
|
||||
|
||||
You can find the option to enable it here:
|
||||
|
||||
![Credits: Pointiestick Blog / Nate Graham][4]
|
||||
|
||||
So, if you want something to match your background, you do not have to tweak around the custom accent colors to get it right. This should make things easier.
|
||||
|
||||
A small but mighty addition to the arsenal of new features. All thanks to **Tanbir Jishan** for this [merged commit][5].
|
||||
|
||||
#### Tint Color Scheme with Accent Color
|
||||
|
||||
For even greater customization to the look/feel, KDE Plasma 5.25 will let you add a tint to your selected accent color.
|
||||
|
||||
![Credits: Jan Blackquill][6]
|
||||
|
||||
You can enable/disable it if you like the user experience with the tinted theme.
|
||||
|
||||
To explore more about this change in the [merged commit][7] by **Jan Blackquill**.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Create Desktop Files for Flatpak/Snap Applications
|
||||
|
||||
Initially, sandboxed applications like Flatpak and Snap did not have the support for desktop files on KDE.
|
||||
|
||||
Thanks to a new **Dynamic launcher** portal (via [merged commit][8] by Harald Sitter). It allows you to create and edit .desktop files for seamless system integration with sandboxed applications.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Improvements to Discover
|
||||
|
||||
There are some subtle changes to the Discover software center where you can find all the application categories in the sidebar without needing to navigate through categories like “Applications”, “Add-ons”, and “Plasma Add-ons” separately.
|
||||
|
||||
KDE Discover Before vs After (Credits: **[Taavi Juursalu][9]**)
|
||||
|
||||
Use the cursor to slide through the before/after in the images above.
|
||||
|
||||
To explore more about the change, head to its [merged request][10].
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other Improvements
|
||||
|
||||
There are several other refinements and changes planned for KDE Plasma 5.25. Some of them include:
|
||||
|
||||
* Improvements to the performance of KRunner
|
||||
* Network widget adds details for frequency and BSSID of the Wi-Fi network
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can look at all the bug fixes and technical improvements in [Nate’s blog post][11].
|
||||
|
||||
_Exciting about KDE Plasma 5.25? Well, with these feature additions, I am eagerly awaiting its release. Let me know your thoughts in the comments below._
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/plasma-5-25-features/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kde-plasma-5-24-lts-release/
|
||||
[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9Ijc3OSIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[3]: https://invent.kde.org/plasma/plasma-workspace/-/merge_requests/1043
|
||||
[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9Ijc3OCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[5]: https://invent.kde.org/plasma/plasma-workspace/-/merge_requests/1325
|
||||
[6]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjExNDMiIHdpZHRoPSIxNTU4IiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg==
|
||||
[7]: https://invent.kde.org/plasma/plasma-workspace/-/merge_requests/1620
|
||||
[8]: https://invent.kde.org/plasma/xdg-desktop-portal-kde/-/commit/d5f958e149705e27bbba9f3bbec659ff5bed1d80
|
||||
[9]: https://invent.kde.org/taavi
|
||||
[10]: https://invent.kde.org/plasma/discover/-/merge_requests/234
|
||||
[11]: https://pointieststick.com/2022/04/22/this-week-in-kde-major-accent-color-and-global-theme-improvements/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS Arrives with Automatic Updates, GNOME 42, and PipeWire"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/pop-os-22-04-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS Arrives with Automatic Updates, GNOME 42, and PipeWire
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
The next LTS upgrade for Pop!_OS is finally here.
|
||||
|
||||
Pop!_OS 22.04 is based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS with [Linux Kernel 5.16.19][1] at the time of launch.
|
||||
|
||||
Let us take a brief look at what it has to offer.
|
||||
|
||||
### Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS: What’s New?
|
||||
|
||||
Visually, it does not feature any massive changes. However, it does feature **GNOME 42** as its base for its COSMIC Desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
So, you should expect to see some [GNOME 42 features][2] available with Pop!_OS 22.04.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the desktop environment, there are a few new feature additions. I shall mention the key highlights as you read on.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Automatic Updates
|
||||
|
||||
With Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS, you can easily update/upgrade the system from the OS Upgrade & Recovery panel via the System settings.
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
You can also schedule the day/time to process the upgrade. The scheduled automatic updates include support for Debian, Flatpak, and Nix packages as well. Surely, this should help save time by eliminating the need for checking updates every other day.
|
||||
|
||||
By default, you will be notified of the available updates on a weekly basis. But, you can tweak the settings to get notified every day or each month. The notifications will be turned off if you have automatic updates enabled.
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
And, yes, the automatic updates are disabled by default. You will have to set it up if you require it.
|
||||
|
||||
#### New Support Panel
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike other distributions, Pop!_OS tries to take a mainstream approach to provide technical support for users running the operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
To give clarity, they have added a new support panel in the settings where you can quickly access the documentation, join the community support, and create log files. These options should make the support options accessible, and encourage users to refer the recommended sources for quick support.
|
||||
|
||||
#### New Screenshot Tool
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Thanks to GNOME 42, you get the brand new screenshot UI with the ability to record the screen as well.
|
||||
|
||||
With Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS, I found the positioning of the UI a bit weird. And, it looks like they tweaked it a bit for a transparent look with slightly different icons.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Dark vs Light Backgrounds
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike other distributions, you won’t find a new wallpaper collection to cater to the light/dark variants.
|
||||
|
||||
However, when you choose the light/dark theme, the wallpaper will change to the default light/dark variants available.
|
||||
|
||||
Do note that the light/dark mode can have independent backgrounds (you can change them) and isn’t locked to the default.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Improvements to the Pop!_Shop
|
||||
|
||||
The Pop!_Shop has received some significant performance upgrades along with subtle changes to offer a good user experience even with small window sizes.
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
You will also find a new “**Recently Updated**” section to highlight the latest updated applications.
|
||||
|
||||
This should come in handy to find applications that have been recently updated with new features/fixes.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Improvements to the Launcher
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
With Pop!_OS, you do not need a launcher like [Ulauncher][10] to quickly access the settings/apps.
|
||||
|
||||
This is because you already get a built-in launcher that works pretty well.
|
||||
|
||||
With Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS, the launcher has also received some upgrades where you can also access settings for desktop options, background, appearance, dock, and workspaces.
|
||||
|
||||
#### PipeWire for Audio
|
||||
|
||||
With Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS, the default for audio processing will use PipeWire instead of PulseAudio.
|
||||
|
||||
This should not pose a problem for hardware compatible with PulseAudio, and potentially opens up for better quality audio, and more customizations.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Linux Kernel
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
It is a no-brainer that Pop!_OS regularly updates the Linux Kernel offered. However, you will find [Linux Kernel 5.16.19][1] with all the hardware improvements out-of-the-box.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other Improvements
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
There are some additional essential improvements that can be useful for a variety of users. Some of them include:
|
||||
|
||||
* Better Multi-Monitor support
|
||||
* Fixed layout on HiDPI displays
|
||||
* Improved performance
|
||||
* Pop!_OS Upgrade will only activate when you are checking or performing upgrades.
|
||||
* When updating Debian packages, you get the ability to resume it if interrupted.
|
||||
* Added support for laptop privacy screens.
|
||||
* RDP by default for remote desktop use.
|
||||
* New default profile icon.
|
||||
* Workspace improvements.
|
||||
* Icons are now SVG-based instead of PNG-based.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Download Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS
|
||||
|
||||
If you are already running Pop!_OS, you should be easily able to upgrade it to Pop!_OS 22.04 in some time.
|
||||
|
||||
In either case, you can download the latest Nvidia/Intel/AMD ISO from the [official site][13].
|
||||
|
||||
[Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS][13]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/pop-os-22-04-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-16/
|
||||
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-42-features/
|
||||
[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjYxNCIgd2lkdGg9IjkyOCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjI2MSIgd2lkdGg9IjUyOCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY1NyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjUiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[6]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ1NyIgd2lkdGg9IjYxNiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[7]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUyNyIgd2lkdGg9Ijg5OCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[8]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY3NyIgd2lkdGg9Ijk4MiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[9]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU1NCIgd2lkdGg9Ijc5OSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/ulauncher/
|
||||
[11]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU4MSIgd2lkdGg9Ijg2OCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[12]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjMzOCIgd2lkdGg9IjEyMDAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[13]: https://pop.system76.com/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Why you should choose mindfulness over multitasking"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/19/4/mindfulness-over-multitasking"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Sarah Wall https://opensource.com/users/sarahwall"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Why you should choose mindfulness over multitasking
|
||||
======
|
||||
If your brain is sputtering to a halt, you could be suffering from multitasking and decision fatigue.
|
||||
|
||||
![14 facts about OpenStack Newton][1]
|
||||
(Image by: Pixabay. Modified by Opensource.com. CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
|
||||
You have your morning coffee in hand, you've just finished your daily scrum, and you sit down at your computer to start your day. Up pops a Slack message. You scan your emails, then bounce back to Slack. You look at your calendar to see when your next meeting is—much to your surprise, it's starting in 15 minutes. You get back to your desk and check your to-do list to see what tasks you can fit in before your next meeting, but one of your co-workers asks for your help to solve a problem. Before you know it, half of your day has disappeared.
|
||||
|
||||
Many of my days are spent like this, juggling multiple tasks. There are moments I find myself staring at my computer with my brain at a complete halt. If you, too, find yourself in this situation, it's probably a sign from your brain to take a break. You could be suffering from too much multitasking and decision fatigue.
|
||||
|
||||
On average, adults make about [35,000 decisions][2] every day! They can be simple decisions, such as what to eat or what to wear, or decisions that require more thought, such as where to go on your next vacation or which career to pursue. Every day you are faced with a plethora of choices to occupy your mind.
|
||||
|
||||
### Mindless multitasking
|
||||
|
||||
Not only are you faced with making thousands of decisions each day, but multitasking has also become the norm for busy and in-demand professionals. The problem is, multitasking hurts more than it helps. The more you divide your attention through multitasking, the more your productivity decreases.
|
||||
|
||||
In a study, self-described multitaskers were asked to switch back and forth between tasks at a pace that felt natural to them. A control group was asked to do one job at a time in sequence. The multitasking group performed far less effectively. Each time they switched tasks, there was a slowdown because it took time to time recall the details and the steps they'd done so far. This wound up making everything [take roughly 40% longer][3] and led to lower levels of accuracy overall. People who focused on one task at a time spent less time overall and finished all the tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
### Choose mindfulness
|
||||
|
||||
The mind functions optimally when it can focus on one activity at a time. Choosing mindfulness over multitasking will result in better feelings throughout your day and help you do better work.
|
||||
|
||||
"Mindfulness" can be defined as being conscious and aware. It really is about being present in the moment and focusing your attention on what's at hand. There are many advantages to mindfulness in the workplace. The trick is creating boundaries and habits that allow you to give each task your full attention.
|
||||
|
||||
Take a proactive approach and create a prioritized plan of the items that must get done each day. This will allow you to make real progress on a few things that are important instead of being reactive. Every item that goes on your to-do list should be discrete, clear, and actionable. Focus on three to five tasks per day.
|
||||
|
||||
### 3 ways to take a break during your workday
|
||||
|
||||
Don't forget to plan breaks throughout your day. The brain needs a few minutes of rest every hour to recuperate and to avoid burnout. Taking mini-breaks is good for your mental health and [leads to increased productivity][4].
|
||||
|
||||
Here are three easy ways to incorporate breaks into your day:
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. Move your body
|
||||
|
||||
Take 10 minutes to get out of your chair and go for a short walk. If you're pressed for time, stand up and stretch for two minutes. Changing the position of your body and focusing on the present moment will help relieve the mental tension that has built up in your mind.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Laugh more
|
||||
|
||||
Take a break to talk with your friends and colleagues at work. Laughter decreases stress hormones and triggers the release of endorphins, the body's natural feel-good chemicals. A little laughter break helps relax your mind and is also good for your soul.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. Breathe deeply
|
||||
|
||||
Reset your mind and body with a two-minute break to breathe deeply into your belly. Deep breathing calms your mind and body, improves oxygen flow, and gives you a natural energy boost.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Sit up tall with a straight spine, bring your awareness to your belly, and allow it to soften and relax.
|
||||
2. Begin with a slow, deep inhalation for a count of three, filling your belly, then rib cage, then upper chest with oxygen.
|
||||
3. Pause for a second, then exhale from your upper chest, rib cage then belly, drawing your belly in towards your spine at the end.
|
||||
4. Pause again, then repeat.
|
||||
|
||||
### Reset yourself
|
||||
|
||||
The next time you find yourself at a standstill or pressuring yourself to finish a task when your mind is not in the flow, try some of the tips above. It's better to take a short break and allow yourself to reset rather than trying to power through. Your body and brain will thank you.
|
||||
|
||||
Adapted from [Give Yourself a Break][5] *on BodyMindSpirit* *and* [Mindfulness Over Multitasking][6] on ImageX's blog.
|
||||
|
||||
Sarah Wall will present [Mindless multitasking: a dummy's guide to productivity][7], at [DrupalCon][8] in Seattle, April 8-12, 2019.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/mindfulness-over-multitasking
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sarah Wall][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/sarahwall
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/life_tree_clouds.png
|
||||
[2]: https://go.roberts.edu/leadingedge/the-great-choices-of-strategic-leaders
|
||||
[3]: http://www.apa.org/research/action/multitask.aspx
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/3/guide-being-more-productive
|
||||
[5]: https://body-mind-spirit-coach.com/2019/01/02/give-yourself-a-break/
|
||||
[6]: https://imagexmedia.com/mindfullness-over-multitasking
|
||||
[7]: https://events.drupal.org/seattle2019/sessions/mindless-multitasking-dummy%E2%80%99s-guide-productivity
|
||||
[8]: https://events.drupal.org/seattle2019
|
||||
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How the C programming language has grown"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/3/how-c-programming-language-has-grown"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
How the C programming language has grown
|
||||
======
|
||||
Here's my interview with Brian Kernighan, co-author (with Dennis Ritchie) of The C Programming Language book, to discuss the C programming language and its 50-year history.
|
||||
|
||||
![The original C programming guide by two of the language authors, circa 1978][1]
|
||||
|
||||
The C programming language will turn fifty years old in 2022. Yet despite its long history, C remains one of the top "most-used" programming languages in many "popular programming languages" surveys. For example, check out the [TIOBE Index][2], which tracks the popularity of different programming languages. Many Linux applications are written in C, such as the GNOME desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
I interviewed [Brian Kernighan][3], co-author (with Dennis Ritchie) of *The C Programming Language* book, to learn more about the C programming language and its history.
|
||||
|
||||
**Where did the C programming language come from?**
|
||||
|
||||
C is an evolution of a sequence of languages intended for system programming—that is, writing programs like compilers, assemblers, editors, and ultimately operating systems. The Multics project at MIT, with Bell Labs as a partner, planned to write everything in a high-level language (a new idea at the time, roughly 1965). They were going to use IBM's PL/1, but it was very complicated, and the promised compilers didn't arrive in time.
|
||||
|
||||
After a brief flirtation with a subset called EPL (by Doug McIlroy of Bell Labs), Multics turned to BCPL, a much simpler and cleaner language designed and implemented by Martin Richards of Cambridge, who I think was visiting MIT at the time. When Ken Thompson started working on what became Unix, he created an even simpler language, based on BCPL, that he called B. He implemented it for the PDP-7 used for the first proto-Unix system in 1969.
|
||||
|
||||
BCPL and B were both "typeless" languages; that is, they had only one data type, integer. The DEC PDP-11, which arrived on the scene in about 1971 and was the computer for the first real Unix implementation, supported several data types, notably 8-bit bytes as well as 16-bit integers. For that, a language that also supported several data types was a better fit. That's the origin of C.
|
||||
|
||||
**How was C used within Bell Labs and the early versions of Unix?**
|
||||
|
||||
C was originally used only on Unix, though after a while, there were also C compilers for other machines and operating systems. Mostly it was used for system-programming applications, which covered quite a spectrum of interesting areas, along with a lot of systems for managing operations of AT&T's telephone network.
|
||||
|
||||
**What was the most interesting project written in C at Bell Labs?**
|
||||
|
||||
Arguably, the most interesting, memorable, and important C program was the Unix operating system itself. The first version of Unix in 1971 was in PDP-11 assembly language, but by the time of the fourth edition, around 1973, it was rewritten in C. That was truly crucial since it meant that the operating system (and all its supporting software) could be ported to a different kind of computer basically by recompiling everything. Not quite that simple in practice, but not far off.
|
||||
|
||||
**You co-authored The C Programming Language book with Dennis Ritchie. How did that book come about, and how did you and Dennis collaborate on the book?**
|
||||
|
||||
I had written a tutorial on Ken Thompson's B language to help people get started with it. I upgraded that to a tutorial on C when it became available. And after a while, I twisted Dennis's arm to write a C book with me. Basically, I wrote most of the tutorial material, except for the system call chapter, and Dennis had already written the reference manual, which was excellent. Then we worked back and forth to smooth out the tutorial parts; the reference manual stayed pretty much the same since it was so well done from the beginning. The book was formatted with the *troff* formatter, one of many tools on Unix, and I did most of the formatting work.
|
||||
|
||||
**When did C become a thing that other programmers outside of Bell Labs used for their work?**
|
||||
|
||||
I don't really remember well at this point, but I think C mostly followed along with Unix for the first half dozen years or so. With the development of compilers for other operating systems, it began to spread to other systems besides Unix. I don't recall when we realized that C and Unix were having a real effect, but it must have been in the mid to late 1970s.
|
||||
|
||||
**Why did C become such an influential programming language?**
|
||||
|
||||
The primary reason in the early days was its association with Unix, which spread rapidly. If you used Unix, you wrote in C. Later on, C spread to computers that might not necessarily run Unix, though many did because of the portable C compiler that Steve Johnson wrote. The workstation market, with companies like Sun Microsystems, MIPS (which became SGI), and others, was enabled by the combination of Unix and C. The IBM PC came somewhat later, about 1982, and C became one of the standard languages, under MS-DOS and then Windows. And today, most Internet of Things (IoT) devices will use C.
|
||||
|
||||
**C remains a popular programming language today, some 50 years after its creation. Why has C remained so popular?**
|
||||
|
||||
I think C hit a sweet spot with efficiency and expressiveness. In earlier times, efficiency really mattered since computers were slow and had limited memory compared to what we are used to today. C was very efficient, in the sense that it could be compiled into efficient machine code, and it was simple enough that it was easy to see how to compile it. At the same time, it was very expressive, easy to write, and compact. No other language has hit that kind of spot quite so well, at least in my humble but correct opinion.
|
||||
|
||||
**How has the C programming language grown or changed over the years?**
|
||||
|
||||
C has grown modestly, I guess, but I haven't paid much attention to the evolving C standards. There are enough changes that code written in the 1980s needs a bit of work before it will compile, but it's mostly related to being honest about types. Newer features like complex numbers are perhaps useful, but not to me, so I can't make an informed comment.
|
||||
|
||||
**What programming problems can be solved most easily in C?**
|
||||
|
||||
Well, it's a good language for anything, but today, with lots of memory and processing power, most programmers are well served by languages like Python that take care of memory management and other more high-level constructs. C remains a good choice for lower levels where squeezing cycles and bytes still matter.
|
||||
|
||||
**C has influenced other programming languages, including C++, Java, Go, and Rust. What are your thoughts on these other programming languages?**
|
||||
|
||||
Almost every language is in some ways a reaction to its predecessors. To over-simplify a fair amount, C++ adds mechanisms to control access to information, so it's better than C for really large programs. [Java][4] is a reaction to the perceived complexity of C++. Go is a reaction to the complexity of C++ and the restrictions of [Java][4]. [Rust][5] is an attempt to deal with memory management issues in C (and presumably C++) while coming close to C's efficiency.
|
||||
|
||||
They all have real positive attributes, but somehow no one is ever quite satisfied, so there will always be more languages that, in their turn, react to what has gone before. At the same time, the older languages, for the most part, will remain around because they do their job well, and there's an embedded base where they are perfectly fine, and it would be infeasible to reimplement in something newer.
|
||||
|
||||
Thanks to Brian for sharing this great history of the C programming language!
|
||||
|
||||
Would you like to learn C programming? Start with these popular C programming articles from the last year: [5 ways to learn the C programming language in 2022][6].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/3/how-c-programming-language-has-grown
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jim Hall][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2482009942_6caea217e0_c.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/22/1/interview-brian-kernighan
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/tags/java
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/tags/rust
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/22/1/c-programming
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How Linux rescues slow computers (and the planet)"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/4/how-linux-saves-earth"
|
||||
[#]: author: "David Both https://opensource.com/users/dboth"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
How Linux rescues slow computers (and the planet)
|
||||
======
|
||||
Don't throw away your old computer. Skip the landfill and revive it with Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
![Old UNIX computer][1]
|
||||
|
||||
(Image by: Opensource.com)
|
||||
|
||||
Mint and Kasen, two of my grandkids, asked me to help them build gaming computers. I am ecstatic that they asked. This gives me a great opportunity to help them learn about technology while being a part of their lives. Both of those things make me happy. There are many ways to approach the ecological impact of computers.
|
||||
|
||||
Wait! That's quite a non-sequitur—right? Not really, and this article is all about that.
|
||||
|
||||
### What happens to old computers?
|
||||
|
||||
What happens to old computers (and why) is a big part of this discussion. Start with the typical computer getting replaced after about five years of service. Why?
|
||||
|
||||
Online articles such as [this one][2] I found on CHRON, a publication aimed at small businesses suggest a three-to-five-year lifespan for computers. This is partly based on the alleged fact that computers slow down around that time in their life cycle. I find the pressure to get a newer, faster computer within that same time frame in this and other articles. Of course, much of that pressure comes from the computer and chip vendors who need to keep their income streams growing.
|
||||
|
||||
The United States Internal Revenue Service reinforces this five-year service life by specifying that time frame for full depreciation of computers.
|
||||
|
||||
Let's start with the myth of computer slowdowns. Computers don't slow down—ever. Computers always run at their designed clock speeds. Whether that is 2.8GHz or 4.5GHz, they will always run at that speed when busy. Of course, the clock speeds get intentionally reduced when the computer has little or nothing to do, saving power.
|
||||
|
||||
Computers don't slow down because they are old. Computers with Windows installed produce less legitimate work as they grow older because of the massive amount of malware, spyware, adware, and scareware they accumulate over time. Computer users have come to believe that this is normal, and they resign themselves to life with all of this junk dragging down the performance of their computers.
|
||||
|
||||
More Linux resources
|
||||
|
||||
* Linux commands cheat sheet
|
||||
* Advanced Linux commands cheat sheet
|
||||
* Free online course: RHEL Technical Overview
|
||||
* Linux networking cheat sheet
|
||||
* SELinux cheat sheet
|
||||
* Linux common commands cheat sheet
|
||||
* What are Linux containers?
|
||||
* Our latest Linux articles
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux to the rescue
|
||||
|
||||
As a known computer geek among my friends and acquaintances, people sometimes gift me with their old computers. They no longer want them because they are slow, so they give them to me and ask me to wipe their hard drives before taking them to the electronics recycling center a few blocks from my house. I always suggest that their three-to-five-year-old computers are still good, but they seem intent on spending money rather than learning a new operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
I have several old computers gifted to me. One, in particular, a Dell Optiplex 755 with a 2.33 GHz Core 2 Duo processor and 8GB of RAM, is particularly interesting. Its BIOS is dated 2010, so it is around 12 years old. It is the oldest computer I have, and I keep it quite busy. I have had it for several years, and it never slows down because I use Linux on it—Fedora 35 right now.
|
||||
|
||||
If that is an exception, here are more. I built three computers for myself in 2012, ten years ago, and installed Fedora on all of them. They are all still running with no problems and as fast as they ever did.
|
||||
|
||||
There are no exceptions here, just normal operations for old computers on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
Using Linux will at least double the usable lifetime of a computer and at no cost. This keeps those computers out of the landfill (at worst) and out of the recycling centers (at best) for an additional five-to-seven years or more.
|
||||
|
||||
So long as I can find replacement parts for these computers, I can keep them running and out of any disposal or recycling path. The problem with some computers is finding parts.
|
||||
|
||||
### Non-standard hardware
|
||||
|
||||
Let's talk about non-standard hardware and some of the computers that you can buy from some well-known companies. As I mentioned above, one of my old computers is a Dell. Dell is a respectable company that has been around for a long time. I will never purchase a Dell desktop or tower computer, although I will take them as donations or gifts. I can install Linux, get rid of Windows, and make these old computers useful again. I use them in my home lab as test computers, among other things.
|
||||
|
||||
However, Dell uses some non-standard parts that you can't easily replace. When you can find parts (like power supplies and motherboards), they are not cheap. The reason is that those vendors create systems with non-standard power supplies and motherboards that only fit within their own non-standard cases. This is a strategy used to keep revenues up. If you can't find these parts on the open market, you must go to the original manufacturer and pay inflated, if not exorbitant, prices.
|
||||
|
||||
As one example, the Dell Optiplex I have uses a motherboard, case, and power supply that do not meet generally accepted standards for physical compatibility. In other words, a Dell motherboard or power supply would not fit in a standard case that I can purchase at the local computer store or Amazon. Those parts would not fit in a gaming case that my grandkids would use. The holes for mounting the motherboard and power supply would not align. The power supply would not fit the space available in the standard case. The PCI card slots and back panel connectors on the motherboard would be in the wrong place for a standard case, and the power supply connectors would not match those on a standard motherboard.
|
||||
|
||||
Eventually, one or more of those non-standard parts will fail, and you won't be able to find a replacement at all, or at least not for a reasonable price. At that point, it makes sense to dispose of the old computer and purchase a new one.
|
||||
|
||||
### Standard builds
|
||||
|
||||
Let's explore what using standardized parts can do for building computers, their longevity, and how that applies to the gaming computers that I am helping my grandkids with.
|
||||
|
||||
Most motherboards are standardized. They have standard forms such as micro ATX, ATX, and extended ATX. All of these have mounting holes in standard locations. Many of the locations overlap, so holes for ATX motherboards align with many of the mounting holes used on extended ATX motherboards. This means that you can always use a case that has holes drilled for standard motherboard hole locations for any of those motherboards. These motherboards have standard power connectors, which means you can use them with any standard power supply.
|
||||
|
||||
I sent both of my grandkids a gaming computer case that has standardized mounting holes for the motherboards for their birthdays. These holes have standard threads so that they can use the brass standoffs that come with any motherboard in those motherboard mounting holes. The standoffs screw into the motherboard, and themselves have standard threaded holes that fit standard motherboard mounting screws.
|
||||
|
||||
The result of all this is that they can install any standard motherboard in any standard case using standard fasteners with any standard power supply.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that memory, processors, and add-in cards are all standardized, but they must be compatible with the motherboard. So memory for an old motherboard may no longer be available. You would need a new motherboard, memory, and processor in such a case. But the rest of the computer is still perfectly good.
|
||||
|
||||
As I have told Mint and Kasen, building (or purchasing) a computer with standard parts means never having to buy a new computer. The good case I gave them will never need replacement. Over time components may fail, but they only need to replace any defective parts. This continuous renewal of standardized parts will allow those computers to last a lifetime with minimal cost. If one component fails, just replace that one part and recycle the defective one.
|
||||
|
||||
This also significantly reduces the amount of material you need to recycle or otherwise add to the landfills.
|
||||
|
||||
### Recycling old computer parts
|
||||
|
||||
I am fortunate to live in a place that provides curbside recycling pickup. Although that curbside pickup does not include electronic devices, multiple locations around the area do take electronics for recycling, and I live close to one. I have taken many loads of old, unusable electronics to that recycling center, including my computers' defective parts. But never an entire computer.
|
||||
|
||||
I collect those defective parts in old cardboard boxes, sorted by type—electronics in one, metal in another, batteries in a third, and so on. This corresponds to the collection points at the recycling center. When a box or two get full, I take them for recycling.
|
||||
|
||||
### Some final thoughts
|
||||
|
||||
Even after a good deal of research for this article and my own edification in the past, it is very difficult to determine where the recycled computers and computer parts will go. The website for our recycling center indicates that the outcomes for each type of recycled material get based on its economic value. Computers have relatively large amounts of valuable metals and rare earth elements, so they get recycled.
|
||||
|
||||
The issue of whether such recycling gets performed in ways that are healthy for the people involved and the planet itself is another story. So far, I have been unable to determine where electronics destined for recycling go from here. I have decided that I need to do my part while working to ensure the rest of the recycling chain gets set up and functions appropriately.
|
||||
|
||||
The best option for the planet is to keep computers running as long as possible. Replacing only defective components as they go bad can keep a computer running for years longer than the currently accepted lifespan and significantly reduces the amount of electronic waste that we dump in landfills or that needs recycling.
|
||||
|
||||
And, of course, use Linux so your computers won't slow down.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/how-linux-saves-earth
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[David Both][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/dboth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/retro_old_unix_computer.png
|
||||
[2]: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/life-span-average-pc-69823.html
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Documentation Isn’t Just Another Aspect of Open Source Development"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/04/documentation-isnt-just-another-aspect-of-open-source-development/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Harsh Bardhan Mishra https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/harsh-bardhan-mishra/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Documentation Isn’t Just Another Aspect of Open Source Development
|
||||
======
|
||||
Some projects live on, while some die a premature death – and the difference between the two often lies in the documentation. Meticulous, smart documentation can give your project the boost it needs. Here is why you should consider documentation a primary effort, on par with development, and the right way to go about it!
|
||||
|
||||
![Importance of documentation][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Often, developers simply assume that code is self-documented enough and doesn’t need any extra documentation. This overconfidence can cost the project a lot. Insufficient or bad documentation can kill your project. Without proper documentation in place users won’t be able to understand the purpose as well as the proper workflow of the project. That could lead to some apprehensions about adopting your open source product.
|
||||
|
||||
**Work on it, right from day one**
|
||||
|
||||
Documentation should never be a secondary effort; it should be a primary task on par with code development and management. Documentation acts as the definitive source of truth with the wide redistribution of content in the form of community threads, stack overflows, and quora answers. It should fulfil the need of contributors who would like to refer to the actual resource, and provide the necessary references to support engineers. It should also communicate essential plans with the stakeholders. A good documentation ensures continuous improvement and development of a product.
|
||||
|
||||
When releasing a software product, we must not only ship the code but good documentation as well. This brings us to one of the most important concepts that most open source projects with well-maintained documentation follow – ‘documentation as code’.
|
||||
|
||||
**Documentation as code**
|
||||
|
||||
Today documentation is not being stored in Microsoft Word or PDF files. The new need is version control documentation, wherein all the docs are added over a version control system and released continuously. This concept was popularised by ‘Read the Docs’ and has now become an essential part of the content strategy for most documentation teams.
|
||||
|
||||
Tools like Bugzilla and GitHub Issues can be used to track the documentation work that is pending, and take feedback from maintainers and users to validate the release of the documents. External reviews can be used to validate the documentation piece, and to continuously publish it. This ensures that not only code, but the documentation as well, is continuously improved and released quickly.
|
||||
|
||||
Keep in mind that no two documentations will ever be the same if they don’t follow any standardised practice. This can lead to some mess, making it hard to fetch the right information.
|
||||
|
||||
How exactly do we classify something as messy? When most of the documentation pieces don’t follow standard practices, it leads to inconsistency and hence a big mess! So how do you declutter messy open source documents?
|
||||
|
||||
**Decluttering messy open source documentation**
|
||||
|
||||
It is important to follow a ‘documentation style guide’. A style guide is a collection of guidelines for creating and presenting content. Whether you’re a standalone writer or part of a large documents team, it helps to keep a consistent style, voice and tone throughout your documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
There are several popular style guides available, such as the Red Hat style guide, Google documentation style guide, and Apple style guide. To choose one, first start by defining your requirements. If your requirements do not differ much from other open source projects, you can follow a readily-available style guide, or adapt the same style guide for your own purpose with a few changes here and there. Most of the grammar-related guidelines and content rules may be the same, but overall terminology can vary.
|
||||
|
||||
You will also be required to automate the adoption of these style guides within your projects. For this, you can use Vale, which is integrated into the local machinery with a continuous integration (CI) service that will help you to ensure your documentation follows the style guide in a strict manner.
|
||||
|
||||
*Reference guides:* These might include some basic references to get started with or some docs to contribute to the project.
|
||||
|
||||
*User facing documentation:* This is the most essential part that documents the usability of the project. Without any user-facing documentation most people will be lost as to how to go about working with the project.
|
||||
|
||||
*Developers’ documentation:* This aims to support development teams as they continuously make new progress in the project. It should also provide a good pathway to internal development efforts and make sure that the features are communicated well to the stakeholders.
|
||||
|
||||
*Community content:* This includes essential blogs, videos and external content that aim to support community members who would like to refer to the same for a better understanding of the project.
|
||||
|
||||
By using the style guide, the overall premise of the documentation will be conveyed to the users in a single tone. But since these documents are prepared by a team of technical writers, there can be conflicting writing styles, as these vary from person to person. So how do you standardise the documentation?
|
||||
|
||||
**Standardising documentation**
|
||||
|
||||
There are many approaches that can be taken when it comes to standardising documentation. The first one is obviously to create predefined templates which can be used for a variety of roles. These can be used for documenting new features, identifying bugs and issues, and updating the change log to accommodate new stuff that is being added.
|
||||
|
||||
Try to develop a standard workflow for publishing your documentation if you are following a Git based workflow. The most standard workflow will be to fork the repo where the documentation is published, add your changes on a local branch, push these changes, make your request and ask for reviews on the same. A positive that comes out of standardising your documents is a better feedback and review process.
|
||||
|
||||
**Feedback and automated reviews**
|
||||
|
||||
Standardisation allows you to get users’ feedback and generate automated reviews, which can be taken into consideration for improving the project and the documentation. With this feedback, you can also evaluate whether the information being shared is making sense to users or not. Having a proper feedback service in place through documentation platforms like GitBook helps to verify if the documentation is useful or not.
|
||||
|
||||
Always try to seek out subject matter expert (SME) feedback on the documentation. These SMEs can be stakeholders, developers, engineers, or even external contributors. You can also use automated tests and CI to verify if your documentation is following a style guide or not.
|
||||
|
||||
**Crowdsourced documentation efforts**
|
||||
|
||||
If you are looking to open source your documentation, perhaps the best way to get started is to provide a quick start guide. The guide can be as simple as ‘CONTRIBUTING.md’; basically, a file showing how a person can set up the project and contribute to or use it.
|
||||
|
||||
Always try to develop user-centric documentation that signifies the purpose of each project and build learning courses to help new contributors.
|
||||
|
||||
* What is the goal of this documentation?
|
||||
* What is the message that needs to be given?
|
||||
* What action would you like the user to take up after this?
|
||||
* What are the values that I share with the reader?
|
||||
* Am I concise and consistent in my writing efforts?
|
||||
|
||||
Defining a consistent content strategyA consistent content strategy helps to ensure a long-term vision for the documentation efforts and the project infrastructure. This can revolve around two main things:
|
||||
|
||||
a.* Resources:* Project docs, case studies and whitepapers, project architecture
|
||||
|
||||
b. *Branded content:* Blogs and guest posts, news and community stories, learning courses
|
||||
|
||||
Every open source project should have proper documentation stating the functionality it can provide to users, so that they can opt for the most suitable solution. Proper documentation that communicates the right information also allows other developers to put in their efforts to further enhance and improve the project. Simple though it sounds, documentation can only succeed if done right. And your project, in turn, can only succeed if your documentation is right, so never underestimate its purpose or process!
|
||||
|
||||
Curated By: Laveesh Kocher
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/04/documentation-isnt-just-another-aspect-of-open-source-development/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Harsh Bardhan Mishra][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/harsh-bardhan-mishra/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Importance-of-documentation-696x477.jpg
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "I Ditched Ubuntu for Manjaro: Here’s What I Think After a Week"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/manjaro-linux-experience/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
I Ditched Ubuntu for Manjaro: Here’s What I Think After a Week
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Primarily, I rely on Ubuntu-based distributions like Pop!_OS, Zorin OS, Linux Mint, or Ubuntu itself for work.
|
||||
|
||||
They get out of the way when I work on something, along with seamless software updates. Not to forget, they get along well with my Intel-Nvidia-powered system.
|
||||
|
||||
Everything (can be subjective) works out of the box.
|
||||
|
||||
However, I recently decided to switch to Arch Linux on bare metal (because I mostly used it on virtual machines).
|
||||
|
||||
And then, I ended up using **Manjaro Linux** (an Arch-based distro).
|
||||
|
||||
### Here’s Why I Picked Manjaro Linux
|
||||
|
||||
To my surprise, I couldn’t even get past the “_nouveau DRM: core notifier timeout_” error, let alone proceed with the installation when using a **live USB for Arch Linux**. Yes, I’m aware of the [guided installer with Arch Linux][1], but the connected displays just kept on flickering, highlighting this error, no matter what.
|
||||
|
||||
The best solution to this problem was not to get an NVIDIA card with my recent upgrade.
|
||||
|
||||
_Too bad, I prefer Nvidia GPUs…_
|
||||
|
||||
AMD’s RX 6600 XT is similarly priced to RTX 3060 Ti; it did not make sense to get that card for 1440p.
|
||||
|
||||
So, yes, RTX 3060 Ti can be the problem in my case.
|
||||
|
||||
While I found some methods to troubleshoot the issue, I was too lazy. I just wanted to see if I could experience Arch Linux without putting in a great effort.
|
||||
|
||||
**So, here’s what I did:**
|
||||
|
||||
The next-best option would be to try any of the [best Arch-based distros][2] tailored to make things easy, right?
|
||||
|
||||
And that’s where **Manjaro Linux** comes in.
|
||||
|
||||
Manjaro Linux is a popular Arch-based distro, and I’ve noticed regular improvements to it with every update (while using it on a VM).
|
||||
|
||||
Furthermore, I like Manjaro’s default theme accent color for my desktop experience.
|
||||
|
||||
So, I decided to give it a try…
|
||||
|
||||
### Manjaro Linux: Rough Start
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
I did not have any issues installing Manjaro with proprietary Nvidia drivers. However, a recent point update, i.e., **Manjaro Linux 21.2.6,** messed up the system.
|
||||
|
||||
I couldn’t access the login screen and the [TTY][4] (all I could see was the motherboard’s manufacturer logo)
|
||||
|
||||
So, I had to re-install Manjaro Linux using the latest ISO, and so far, so good (touch wood).
|
||||
|
||||
And during my usage of Manjaro Linux, I noticed a few things that make up for its good and bad points.
|
||||
|
||||
Here, I highlight some of my experiences. These insights should help you explore more about it if you haven’t tried it yet.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Easy Installation
|
||||
|
||||
The primary highlight of an Arch-based distro is to make things easy to set up. And I had no issues whatsoever.
|
||||
|
||||
It was a breeze installing Manjaro Linux on my secondary drive. The bootloader was correctly configured to display the Manjaro-themed boot menu that lets me select Windows/Manjaro Linux for dual-boot.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Manjaro Hello
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
The welcome experience makes up for a significant part of a user experience when trying something new. And Manjaro Linux does not disappoint in this regard.
|
||||
|
||||
You get all the essential information if you pay close attention to the information available via the welcome screen.
|
||||
|
||||
The GNOME Layouts Manager lets you pick a suitable layout to get yourself comfortable.
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
However, I couldn’t get the “**Window Tiling**” functionality working when I tried to enable it here:
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Package Manager is Fast and Versatile
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
Considering that GNOME is my favorite desktop environment, I have had terrible experiences with the software center (or even with distro-specific stores like Pop!_Shop).
|
||||
|
||||
While they get the work done, sometimes they do not respond or aren’t responsive enough as I expect them to be.
|
||||
|
||||
With Manjaro Linux, I found [Pamac][9] installed as the package manager. It seems to be one of the [best ways to install and remove software on Manjaro Linux][10].
|
||||
|
||||
In my experience, it was blazing fast with installations and removing packages. You also get prompts for conflicts in packages or if something needs to be replaced/removed. The package manager gives plenty of information about the optional/required dependencies when you install something.
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, it was a pretty good experience without any slowdowns. To sweeten the experience, the package manager lets you quickly enable the support for **Flatpaks/Snaps/AUR** by tweaking the preferences of pamac.
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
So, you do not have to use the terminal or different software stores. Everything will be available under a single roof, which is a big time saver.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Trying out the ZSH Shell
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
I am used to the bash shell on Ubuntu-based distros. However, Manjaro Linux features the ZSH shell by default. I believe ZSH is better than bash, but I’ll take a deep dive into the comparison with a separate article soon.
|
||||
|
||||
In other words, I get to try something different out of the box. To my excitement, the terminal prompt and the theme for the shell (or the terminal) that follows the Manjaro branding accent colors look pretty impressive!
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
Hence, I do not need to [customize the look of the terminal here][13].
|
||||
|
||||
To explore more, you might want to check some of our resources on [what ZSH is][14] and [how to install it][15].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. Lack of Official Software Support
|
||||
|
||||
![][16]
|
||||
|
||||
I hope this improves soon. But, as of now, many software/utilities offer direct support for Ubuntu and Fedora only.
|
||||
|
||||
You can find official DEB/RPM packages for various tools, but neither will work directly with Manjaro Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
You will have to rely on the packages available in Arch Linux repositories or [AUR][17].
|
||||
|
||||
Fortunately, there are good chances to find the software in AUR or their repositories maintained by the community or distro developers. Just like I was able to get [Insync][18] (_affiliate link_) to work on Manjaro Linux with file manage integration extensions available.
|
||||
|
||||
However, without official support for the platform, you may/may not miss out on some features or quick updates.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, if you rely on [Flatpak][19] or Snap packages, it should not be an issue for you. Furthermore, if you are new to Linux, you can refer to our [Flatpak guide][20] for more information.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. No Fractional Scaling
|
||||
|
||||
I have a dual-monitor setup with 1080p + 1440p resolutions. So, fractional scaling helps, but I can manage without it.
|
||||
|
||||
To enable fractional scaling on Manjaro, you will have to install x11-scaling enabled packages for Mutter and GNOME control center. The packages include:
|
||||
|
||||
* **mutter-x11-scaling**
|
||||
* **gnome-control-center-x11-scaling**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
This will replace your existing mutter and gnome control center packages. So, you will lose the default theme/accent settings for your desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
You may have to utilize GNOME Tweaks to get things right. But, it can turn out to be an annoying experience.
|
||||
|
||||
### Final Thoughts
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, I enjoy the desktop experience with Manjaro Linux. If another system update doesn’t break the experience, I think I will continue with Manjaro Linux as my new daily driver.
|
||||
|
||||
_What do you think are the strong/weak points for Manjaro Linux? Did I miss something as part of my new experience? Do you have any suggestions as an experienced Arch Linux user?_
|
||||
|
||||
_Please let me know your thoughts in the comments below._
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/manjaro-linux-experience/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/arch-new-guided-installer/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/arch-based-linux-distros/
|
||||
[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjkwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjE2MDAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-tty-in-linux/
|
||||
[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjcxMyIgd2lkdGg9IjkzNSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[6]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY1MSIgd2lkdGg9Ijg1MiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[7]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY3MyIgd2lkdGg9Ijg1MiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[8]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwMiIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMDIiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[9]: https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php/Pamac
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/install-remove-software-manjaro/
|
||||
[11]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjYyOCIgd2lkdGg9IjY5MiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[12]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwMSIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4OCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/customize-linux-terminal/
|
||||
[14]: https://linuxhandbook.com/why-zsh/
|
||||
[15]: https://linuxhandbook.com/install-zsh/
|
||||
[16]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjYxNyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
|
||||
[17]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/
|
||||
[18]: https://itsfoss.com/recommends/get-insync/
|
||||
[19]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-flatpak/
|
||||
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
|
||||
@@ -1,212 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Troubleshoot WiFi problems with Go and a Raspberry Pi)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/3/troubleshoot-wifi-go-raspberry-pi)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Chris Collins https://opensource.com/users/clcollins)
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
Troubleshoot WiFi problems with Go and a Raspberry Pi
|
||||
======
|
||||
Build a WiFi scanner for fun.
|
||||
![Selfcare, drinking tea on the porch][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Last summer, my wife and I sold everything we owned and moved with our two dogs to Hawaii. It's been everything we thought it would be: beautiful sun, warm sand, cool surf—you name it. We've also run into some things we didn't expect: WiFi problems.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, that's not a Hawaii problem. It's limited to the apartment we are renting. We are living in a single-room studio apartment attached to our landlord's apartment. Part of the rent includes free internet! YAY! However, said internet is provided by the WiFi router in the landlord's apartment. BOO!
|
||||
|
||||
In all honesty, it works OK. Ish. OK, it doesn't work well, and I'm not sure why. The router is literally on the other side of the wall, but our signal is spotty, and we have some trouble staying connected. Back home, our WiFi router's signal crossed through many walls and some floors. Certainly, it covered an area larger than the 600 sq. foot apartment we live in!
|
||||
|
||||
What does a good techie do in such a situation? Why, investigate, of course!
|
||||
|
||||
Luckily the "everything we own" that we sold before moving here did not include our Raspberry Pi Zero W. So small! So portable! Of course, I took it to Hawaii with me. My bright idea was to use the Pi and its built-in WiFi adapter, write a little program in Go to measure the WiFi signal received from the router, and display that output. I'm going to make it super simple, quick, and dirty and worry later about making it better. I just want to know what's up with the WiFi, dang it!
|
||||
|
||||
Hunting around on Google for a minute turns up a relatively useful Go package for working with WiFi, [mdlayher/wifi][2]. Sounds promising!
|
||||
|
||||
### Getting information about the WiFi interfaces
|
||||
|
||||
My plan is to query the WiFi interface statistics and return the signal strength, so I need to find the interfaces on the device. Luckily the mdlayher/wifi package has a method to query them, so I can do that by creating a file named `main.go`:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
|
||||
"github.com/mdlayher/wifi"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
|
||||
c, err := wifi.New()
|
||||
defer c.Close()
|
||||
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
panic(err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
interfaces, err := c.Interfaces()
|
||||
|
||||
for _, x := range interfaces {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("%+v\n", x)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
So, what's going on here? After importing it, the mdlayher/wifi module can be used in the main function to create a new Client (type `*Client`). The new client (named `c`) can then get a list of the interfaces on the system with `c.Interfaces()`. Then it can loop over the slice of Interface pointers and print information about them.
|
||||
|
||||
By adding "+" to `%+v`, it prints the names of the fields in the `*Interface` struct, too, which helps me identify what I'm seeing without having to refer back to documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
Running the code above provides a list of the WiFi interfaces on my machine:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
&{Index:0 Name: HardwareAddr:5c:5f:67:f3:0a:a7 PHY:0 Device:3 Type:P2P device Frequency:0}
|
||||
&{Index:3 Name:wlp2s0 HardwareAddr:5c:5f:67:f3:0a:a7 PHY:0 Device:1 Type:station Frequency:2412}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the MAC address, `HardwareAddr`, is the same for both lines, meaning this is the same physical hardware. This is confirmed by `PHY: 0`. The Go [wifi module's docs][3] note that `PHY` is the physical device to which the interface belongs.
|
||||
|
||||
The first interface has no name and is `TYPE:P2P`. The second, named `wpl2s0` is `TYPE:Station`. The wifi module documentation lists the [different types of interfaces][4] and describes what they are. According to the docs, the "P2P" type indicates "an interface is a device within a peer-to-peer client network." I believe, and please correct me in the comments if I'm wrong, that this interface is for [WiFi Direct][5], a standard for allowing two WiFi devices to connect without an intermediate access point.
|
||||
|
||||
The "Station" type indicates "an interface is part of a managed basic service set (BSS) of client devices with a controlling access point." This is the standard function for a wireless device that most people are used to—as a client connected to an access point. This is the interface that matters for testing the quality of the WiFi.
|
||||
|
||||
### Getting the Station information from the interface
|
||||
|
||||
Using this information, I can update the loop over the interfaces to retrieve the information I'm looking for:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
for _, x := range interfaces {
|
||||
if x.Type == wifi.InterfaceTypeStation {
|
||||
// c.StationInfo(x) returns a slice of all
|
||||
// the staton information about the interface
|
||||
info, err := c.StationInfo(x)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("Station err: %s\n", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
for _, x := range info {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("%+v\n", x)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
First, it checks that `x.Type` (the Interface type) is `wifi.InterfaceTypeStation`—a Station interface (that's the only type that matters for this exercise). This is an unfortunate naming collision—the interface "type" is not a "type" in the Golang sense. In fact, what I'm working on here is a Go `type` named `InterfaceType` to represent the type of interface. Whew, that took me a minute to figure out!
|
||||
|
||||
So, assuming the interface is of the _correct_ type, the station information can be retrieved with `c.StationInfo(x)` using the client `StationInfo()` method to get the info about the interface, `x`.
|
||||
|
||||
This returns a slice of `*StationInfo` pointers. I'm not sure quite why there's a slice. Perhaps the interface can have multiple StationInfo responses? In any case, I can loop over the slice and use the same `+%v` trick to print the keys and values for the StationInfo struct.
|
||||
|
||||
Running the above returns:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`&{HardwareAddr:70:5a:9e:71:2e:d4 Connected:17m10s Inactive:1.579s ReceivedBytes:2458563 TransmittedBytes:1295562 ReceivedPackets:6355 TransmittedPackets:6135 ReceiveBitrate:2000000 TransmitBitrate:43300000 Signal:-79 TransmitRetries:2306 TransmitFailed:4 BeaconLoss:2}`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The thing I'm interested in is the "Signal" and possibly "TransmitFailed" and "BeaconLoss." The signal is reported in units of dBm (or decibel-milliwatts).
|
||||
|
||||
#### A quick aside: How to read WiFi dBm
|
||||
|
||||
According to [MetaGeek][6]:
|
||||
|
||||
* –30 is the best possible signal strength—it's neither realistic nor necessary
|
||||
* –67 is very good; it's for apps that need reliable packet delivery, like streaming media
|
||||
* –70 is fair, the minimum reliable packet delivery, fine for email and web
|
||||
* –80 is poor, absolute basic connectivity, unreliable packet delivery
|
||||
* –90 is unusable, approaching the "noise floor"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
_Note that dBm is logarithmic scale: -60 is 1,000x lower than -30_
|
||||
|
||||
### Making this a real "scanner"
|
||||
|
||||
So, looking at my signal from above: –79. YIKES, not good. But that single result is not especially helpful. That's just a point-in-time reference and only valid for the particular physical space where the WiFi network adapter was at that instant. What would be more useful would be a continuous reading, making it possible to see how the signal changes as the Raspberry Pi moves around. The main function can be tweaked again to accomplish this:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
var i *wifi.Interface
|
||||
|
||||
for _, x := range interfaces {
|
||||
if x.Type == wifi.InterfaceTypeStation {
|
||||
// Loop through the interfaces, and assign the station
|
||||
// to var x
|
||||
// We could hardcode the station by name, or index,
|
||||
// or hardwareaddr, but this is more portable, if less efficient
|
||||
i = x
|
||||
break
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
for {
|
||||
// c.StationInfo(x) returns a slice of all
|
||||
// the staton information about the interface
|
||||
info, err := c.StationInfo(i)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("Station err: %s\n", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
for _, x := range info {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("Signal: %d\n", x.Signal)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
time.Sleep(time.Second)
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
First, I name a variable `i` of type `*wifi.Interface`. Since it's outside the loop, I can use it to store the interface information. Any variable created inside the loop is inaccessible outside the scope of that loop.
|
||||
|
||||
Then, I can break the loop into two. The first loop ranges over the interfaces returned by `c.Interfaces()`, and if that interface is a Station type, it stores that in the `i` variable created earlier and breaks out of the loop.
|
||||
|
||||
The second loop is an infinite loop, so it'll just run over and over until I hit **Ctrl**+**C** to end the program. This loop takes that interface information and retrieves the station information, as before, and prints out the signal information. Then it sleeps for one second and runs again, printing the signal information over and over until I quit.
|
||||
|
||||
So, running that:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[chris@marvin wifi-monitor]$ go run main.go
|
||||
Signal: -81
|
||||
Signal: -81
|
||||
Signal: -79
|
||||
Signal: -81
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Oof. Not good.
|
||||
|
||||
### Mapping the apartment
|
||||
|
||||
This information is good to know, at least. With an attached screen or E Ink display and a battery (or a looooong extension cable), I can walk the Pi around the apartment and map out where the dead spots are.
|
||||
|
||||
Spoiler alert: With the landlord's access point in the apartment next door, the big dead spot for me is a cone shape emanating from the refrigerator in the studio apartment's kitchen area… the refrigerator that shares a wall with the landlord's apartment!
|
||||
|
||||
I think in Dungeons and Dragons lingo, this is a "Cone of Silence." Or at least a "Cone of Poor Internet."
|
||||
|
||||
Anyway, this code can be compiled directly on the Raspberry Pi with `go build -o wifi_scanner`, and the resulting binary, `wifi_scanner`, can be shared with any other ARM devices (of the same version). Alternatively, it can be compiled on a regular system with the right libraries for ARM devices.
|
||||
|
||||
Happy Pi scanning! May your WiFi router not be behind your refrigerator! You can find the code used for this project in [my GitHub repo][7].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/3/troubleshoot-wifi-go-raspberry-pi
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Chris Collins][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/clcollins
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/coffee_tea_selfcare_wfh_porch_520.png?itok=2qXG0T7u (Selfcare, drinking tea on the porch)
|
||||
[2]: https://github.com/mdlayher/wifi
|
||||
[3]: https://godoc.org/github.com/mdlayher/wifi#Interface
|
||||
[4]: https://godoc.org/github.com/mdlayher/wifi#InterfaceType
|
||||
[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Direct
|
||||
[6]: https://www.metageek.com/training/resources/wifi-signal-strength-basics.html
|
||||
[7]: https://github.com/clcollins/goPiWiFi
|
||||
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/2/crop-resize-photos-gwenview-kde"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/4/jvm-parameters-java-developers"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Jayashree Huttanagoudar https://opensource.com/users/jayashree-huttanagoudar"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: translator: "Veryzzj"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "LibreWolf vs Firefox: Comparing the Privacy Heroes of Open-Source Browsers"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/librewolf-vs-firefox/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
LibreWolf vs Firefox: Comparing the Privacy Heroes of Open-Source Browsers
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox is one of the best cross-platform [open-source web browsers][1].
|
||||
|
||||
Not to mention, it is the only viable alternative as a Chromium-based replacement. Or, is it?
|
||||
|
||||
LibreWolf is yet another interesting option, which is originally a Firefox fork that attempts to do better than Firefox to enhance privacy/security right out of the box.
|
||||
|
||||
But, is it really useful to choose LibreWolf over Firefox? What are the differences? Let us take a look.
|
||||
|
||||
### The User Interface
|
||||
|
||||
Considering [LibreWolf][2] is a Firefox fork, the user interface is the same with a few subtle changes.
|
||||
|
||||
![Firefox UI][3]
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, it does not feature the link to the Firefox website in the bookmark menu and gets rid of the “Add to Pocket” button.
|
||||
|
||||
Instead, you can find the icon to an extension, and the download manager to the right of the address bar.
|
||||
|
||||
![LibreWolf UI][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, you no longer have to head to the menu to access the downloads.
|
||||
|
||||
If you consider the extras in Firefox as annoyances, LibreWolf should be a clean experience.
|
||||
|
||||
### Search Providers
|
||||
|
||||
By default, Firefox utilizes Google as its search engine, considering they are official partners, i.e., Google pays to be the default search engine.
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
While you can easily change the default search provider to DuckDuckGo, Startpage, or anything else, the default remains a big deal for most users.
|
||||
|
||||
When it comes to LibreWolf, the default search engine is DuckDuckGo. It is known to be one of the best privacy-friendly search engines out there.
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
It should be noted that the privacy-focused search engines may not be as good as Google for some use-cases. So, if the search engine choice does not bother you, Firefox can be just fine.
|
||||
|
||||
However, if you want to keep your search history private to yourself, LibreWolf’s default search provider can prove to be a better option.
|
||||
|
||||
### Hardened Privacy
|
||||
|
||||
Mozilla Firefox is incredibly customizable. If you want to put the effort, you can enhance the digital privacy on Firefox.
|
||||
|
||||
However, if you want to avoid investing a lot of time tweaking the Firefox experience, LibreWolf can be a good pick.
|
||||
|
||||
LibreWolf features some of the best settings out-of-the-box to ensure you get rid of the trackers online and have a safe online experience.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, it features the UBlock content blocker by default to eliminate trackers/scripts that track your online activities. The default search engine as DuckDuckGo also helps to an extent.
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Furthermore, LibreWolf enables the Strict mode of Firefox’s Enhanced Tracking Protection. In other words, it blocks trackers aggressively, which might result in some web pages not working as expected.
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
While LibreWolf recommends not changing these settings, you can choose to use Firefox if you notice web pages breaking with the settings.
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox uses the basic protection enabled to get rid of common trackers without breaking the user experience on web pages.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to these settings, LibreWolf also deletes cookies and site data upon exit by default. This can be annoying if you want to stay signed in to websites and resume your browsing session quickly.
|
||||
|
||||
When it comes to Firefox, it does feature the same option, but it remains disabled by default. So, if you want to avoid tweaking built-in settings for a convenient experience, you should pick Firefox.
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
No wonder why Firefox is still one of the [best browsers available for Linux][10]. Most of the users prefer convenience to enhance privacy while still being able to use the browser cross-platform.
|
||||
|
||||
### Google Safe Browsing
|
||||
|
||||
Google Safe Browsing is a useful service that warns/flags suspicious websites for malicious activities.
|
||||
|
||||
Most browsers use it to enable a safe user experience. You do not need to be an expert at spotting sites with phishing/malware, Google Safe Browsing helps you detect them.
|
||||
|
||||
Mozilla Firefox uses it with a different name “**Phishing Protection**“, which is enabled by default.
|
||||
|
||||
However, with LibreWolf the Google Safe Browsing service comes disabled by default to avoid connecting to Google services. You can enable it, but it is not something that users look for when setting up their browsers.
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
So, if you want additional help in avoiding malicious sites, Firefox should be a good out-of-the-box solution. And, if you know what you’re doing, you can go with LibreWolf, and enable the setting when/if required.
|
||||
|
||||
### Extras
|
||||
|
||||
LibreWolf gets rid of any additional offerings on Firefox.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, LibreWolf does not have any connections to the Mozilla server by default. Some of the changes that it reflects include:
|
||||
|
||||
* You do not get the sync/sign-in functionality with LibreWolf.
|
||||
* No Add to Pocket button
|
||||
* You do not load the Mozilla add-ons/themes on the extensions page.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to use the Mozilla account to sync your history/bookmarks and browser data, Firefox is the best bet. There’s also Firefox VPN, if you prefer using it.
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
However, if you do not trust any of the Mozilla services and prefer to sever any connections to them on your browser, LibreWolf is your friend.
|
||||
|
||||
### Cross-Platform Support
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox is available for Android and iOS, and works well with a wide range of screen sizes and devices.
|
||||
|
||||
Unfortunately, LibreWolf is limited to the desktop platforms like macOS, Windows, OpenBSD, and Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
### Community-Based vs Backed by Organization
|
||||
|
||||
[LibreWolf][14] is a community-powered project maintained by a few passionate contributors to promote privacy, security, and user freedom.
|
||||
|
||||
If you prefer what LibreWolf has to offer, it should not be a problem to go with it. Even with a small team, they follow the latest Firefox releases and push an update as soon as possible.
|
||||
|
||||
In contrast, the Mozilla Foundation is a much bigger organization and has been setting extraordinary examples to promote customizability, privacy, and security.
|
||||
|
||||
You will be receiving updates faster than LibreWolf, which is an important aspect if you are worried about your browser’s security.
|
||||
|
||||
There are no critical downsides of Firefox being a part of something bigger, but there may be some future decisions (or changes) that you may not like, put forward by Mozilla for its users.
|
||||
|
||||
But, LibreWolf as a community project will keep user preferences as its priority.
|
||||
|
||||
### Final Verdict
|
||||
|
||||
If convenience is your thing where you require sync/sign-in account features, Mozilla-specific offerings, and essential privacy protections, Mozilla Firefox should suit you better.
|
||||
|
||||
In case you do not want cloud-sync features, extras, and hardcore privacy-focused settings out of the box, LibreWolf will be the perfect solution.
|
||||
|
||||
Performance-wise, both should offer similar experiences. The benchmarks test (Basemark 3.0, Speedometer 2.0) didn’t work with LibreWolf for some reason, so I did not include any performance comparison chart.
|
||||
|
||||
I will prefer using Firefox because I do need the convenience of account-based sync without aggressive blocking capability. However, LibreWolf is a solid alternative for those who want to switch away from Firefox or just want to try something that’s laser-focused on user freedom and privacy.
|
||||
|
||||
What will it be for you? Let me know your thoughts in the comments below.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/librewolf-vs-firefox/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-browsers-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/librewolf/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-ui-1.png
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-ui-1.png
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-google-search.png
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-duckduckgo.png
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-ublock-origin.png
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-privacy-settings.png
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-privacy-settings.png
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/best-browsers-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-security.png
|
||||
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-extras.png
|
||||
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-sign-in.png
|
||||
[14]: https://librewolf.net/
|
||||
@@ -1,267 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "My favorite build options for Go"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/4/go-build-options"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Gaurav Kamathe https://opensource.com/users/gkamathe"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
My favorite build options for Go
|
||||
======
|
||||
These handy Go build options can help you understand the Go compilation process better.
|
||||
|
||||
![GitHub launches Open Source Friday][1]
|
||||
|
||||
(Image by: Opensource.com)
|
||||
|
||||
One of the most gratifying parts of learning a new programming language is finally running an executable and getting the desired output. When I discovered the programming language Go, I started by reading some sample programs to get acquainted with the syntax, then wrote small test programs. Over time, this approach helped me get familiar with compiling and building the program.
|
||||
|
||||
The build options available for Go provide ways to gain more control over the build process. They can also provide additional information to help break the process into smaller parts. In this article, I will demonstrate some of the options I have used. Note: I am using the terms build and compile to mean the same thing.
|
||||
|
||||
### Getting started with Go
|
||||
|
||||
I am using Go version 1.16.7; however, the command given here should work on most recent versions as well. If you do not have Go installed, you can download it from the [Go website][2] and follow the instructions for installation. Verify the version you have installed by opening a prompt command and typing:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go version
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The response should look like this, depending on your version.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
go version go1.16.7 linux/amd64
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic compilation and execution of Go programs
|
||||
|
||||
I'll start with a sample Go program that simply prints "Hello World" to the screen.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cat hello.go
|
||||
package main
|
||||
import "fmt"
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
fmt.Println("Hello World")}
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Before discussing more advanced options, I'll explain how to compile a sample Go program. I make use of the `build `option followed by the Go program source file name, which in this case is `hello.go`.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build hello.go
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If everything is working correctly, you should see an executable named `hello` created in your current directory. You can verify that it is in ELF binary executable format (on the Linux platform) by using the file command. You can also execute it and see that it outputs "Hello World."
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ls
|
||||
hello hello.go
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ file ./hello
|
||||
./hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ ./hello
|
||||
Hello World
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Go provides a handy `run` option in case you do not want to have a resulting binary and instead want to see if the program works correctly and prints the desired output. Keep in mind that even if you do not see the executable in your current directory, Go still compiles and produces the executable somewhere, `run`s it, then removes it from the system. I'll explain in a later section of this article.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go run hello.go
|
||||
Hello World
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ ls
|
||||
hello.go
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Under the hood
|
||||
|
||||
The above commands worked like a breeze to run my program with minimal effort. However, if you want to find out what Go does under the hood to compile these programs, Go provides a `-x` option that prints everything Go does to produce the executable.
|
||||
|
||||
A quick look tells you that Go creates a temporary working directory within `/tmp`, produces the executable, and then moves it to the current directory where the source Go program was present.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build -x hello.goWORK=/tmp/go-build1944767317mkdir -p $WORK/b001/<< snip >>mkdir -p $WORK/b001/exe/cd ./usr/lib/golang/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/link -o $WORK \/b001/exe/a.out -importcfg $WORK/b001 \/importcfg.link -buildmode=exe -buildid=K26hEYzgDkqJjx2Hf-wz/\
|
||||
nDueg0kBjIygx25rYwbK/W-eJaGIOdPEWgwC6o546 \/K26hEYzgDkqJjx2Hf-wz -extld=gcc /root/.cache/go-build /cc \/cc72cb2f4fbb61229885fc434995964a7a4d6e10692a23cc0ada6707c5d3435b-d/usr/lib/golang/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/buildid -w $WORK \/b001/exe/a.out # internalmv $WORK/b001/exe/a.out hellorm -r $WORK/b001/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This helps solve the mysteries when a program runs but no resulting executable is created within the current directory. Using `-x `shows that the executable file was indeed created in a` /tmp `working directory and was executed. However, unlike the `build` option, the executable did not move to the current directory, making it appear that no executable was created.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go run -x hello.gomkdir -p $WORK/b001/exe/cd ./usr/lib/golang/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/link -o $WORK/b001 \/exe/hello -importcfg $WORK/b001/importcfg.link -s -w -buildmode=exe -buildid=hK3wnAP20DapUDeuvAAS/E_TzkbzwXz6tM5dEC8Mx \/7HYBzuaDGVdaZwSMEWAa/hK3wnAP20DapUDeuvAAS -extld=gcc \/root/.cache/go-build/75/ \
|
||||
7531fcf5e48444eed677bfc5cda1276a52b73c62ebac3aa99da3c4094fa57dc3-d$WORK/b001/exe/hello
|
||||
Hello World
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Mimic compilation without producing the executable
|
||||
|
||||
Suppose you don't want to compile the program and produce an actual binary, but you do want to see all steps in the process. You can do so by using the `-n` build option, which prints the steps that it would normally run without actually creating the binary.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build -n hello.go
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Save temp directories
|
||||
|
||||
A lot of work happens in the `/tmp` working directory, which is deleted once the executable is created and run. But what if you want to see which files were created in the compilation process? Go provides a ``-work`` option that can be used when compiling a program. The ``-work`` option prints the working directory path in addition to running the program, but it doesn't delete the working directory afterward, so you can move to that directory and examine all the files created during the compile process.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go run -work hello.goWORK=/tmp/go-build3209320645
|
||||
Hello World
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ find /tmp/go-build3209320645/tmp/go-build3209320645/tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/importcfg.link/tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/exe/tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/exe/hello
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ /tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/exe/hello
|
||||
Hello World
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Alternative compilation options
|
||||
|
||||
What if, instead of using the build/run magic of Go, you want to compile the program by hand and end up with an executable that can be run directly by your operating system (in this case, Linux)? This process can be divided into two parts: compile and link. Use the `tool` option to see how it works.
|
||||
|
||||
First, use the `tool compile` option to produce the resulting `ar` `ar`chive file, which contains the `.o` intermediate file. Next, use the `tool link` option on this hello`.o` file to produce the final executable, which can then run.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go tool compile hello.go
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ file hello.o
|
||||
hello.o: current ar archive
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ ar t hello.o
|
||||
__.PKGDEF
|
||||
_go_.o
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ go tool link -o hello hello.o
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ file hello
|
||||
hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ ./hello
|
||||
Hello World
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To peek further into the link process of producing the executable from the `hello.o` file, you can use the `-v` option, which searches for the `runtime.a` file included in every Go executable.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go tool link -v -o hello hello.o
|
||||
HEADER = -H5 -T0x401000 -R0x1000
|
||||
searching for runtime.a in /usr/lib/golang/pkg/linux_amd64/runtime.a82052 symbols, 18774 reachable
|
||||
1 package symbols, 1106 hashed symbols, 77185 non-package symbols, 3760 external symbols81968 liveness data
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Cross-compilation options
|
||||
|
||||
Now that I've explained the compilation of a Go program, I'll demonstrate how Go allows you to `build` an executable targeted at different hardware architectures and operating systems by providing two environment variables—GOOS and GOARCH—before the actual `build` command.
|
||||
|
||||
Why does this matter? You can see an example when an executable produced for the ARM (aarch64) architecture won't run on an Intel (x86_64) architecture and produces an Exec format error.
|
||||
|
||||
These options make it trivial to produce cross-platform binaries.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build hello.go
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ file ./hello
|
||||
./hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, ARM aarch64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ ./hello
|
||||
bash: ./hello: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ uname -m
|
||||
x86_64
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can read my earlier blog post about my experiences with [cross-compilation using Go][3] to learn more.
|
||||
|
||||
### View underlying assembly instructions
|
||||
|
||||
The source code is not directly converted to an executable, though it generates an intermediate assembly format which is then assembled into an executable. In Go, this is mapped to an intermediate assembly format rather than the underlying hardware assembly instructions.
|
||||
|
||||
To view this intermediate assembly format, use `-gcflags` followed by `-S` given to the build command. This command shows the assembly instructions.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build -gcflags="-S" hello.go# command-line-arguments"".main STEXT size=138 args=0x0 locals=0x58 funcid=0x0
|
||||
0x0000 00000 (/test/hello.go:5) TEXT "".main(SB), ABIInternal, $88-0
|
||||
0x0000 00000 (/test/hello.go:5) MOVQ (TLS), CX
|
||||
0x0009 00009 (/test/hello.go:5) CMPQ SP, 16(CX)
|
||||
0x000d 00013 (/test/hello.go:5) PCDATA $0, $-2
|
||||
0x000d 00013 (/test/hello.go:5) JLS 128<< snip >>
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can also use the `objdump -s` option, as shown below, to see the assembly instructions for an executable program that was already compiled.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ls
|
||||
hello hello.go
|
||||
$
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ go tool objdump -s main.main hello
|
||||
TEXT main.main(SB) /test/hello.go
|
||||
hello.go:5 0x4975a0 64488b0c25f8ffffff MOVQ FS:0xfffffff8, CX
|
||||
hello.go:5 0x4975a9 483b6110 CMPQ 0x10(CX), SP
|
||||
hello.go:5 0x4975ad 7671 JBE 0x497620
|
||||
hello.go:5 0x4975af 4883ec58 SUBQ $0x58, SP
|
||||
hello.go:6 0x4975d8 4889442448 MOVQ AX, 0x48(SP) << snip >>
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Strip binaries to reduce their size
|
||||
|
||||
Go binaries are typically large. For example, a simple Hello World program produces a 1.9M-sized binary.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build hello.go
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ du -sh hello
|
||||
1.9M hello
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ file hello
|
||||
hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To reduce the size of the resulting binary, you can strip off information not needed during execution. Using `-ldflags` followed by `-s -w` flags makes the resulting binary slightly lighter, at 1.3M.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build -ldflags="-s -w" hello.go
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ du -sh hello
|
||||
1.3M hello
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ file hello
|
||||
hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
I hope this article introduced you to some handy Go build options that can help you understand the Go compilation process better. For additional information on the build process and other interesting options available, refer to the help section:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go help build
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/go-build-options
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Gaurav Kamathe][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/gkamathe
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/build_structure_tech_program_code_construction.png
|
||||
[2]: https://go.dev/doc/install
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/21/1/go-cross-compiling
|
||||
@@ -1,306 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "3-2-1 Backup plan with Fedora ARM server"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/3-2-1-backup-plan-with-fedora-arm-server/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Hanku Lee https://fedoramagazine.org/author/hankuoffroad/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "hwllife"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
3-2-1 Backup plan with Fedora ARM server
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Photo by [Markus Winkler][2] on [Unsplash][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora Server Edition works on Single Board Computers (SBC) like Raspberry Pi. This article is aimed at data backup and restoration of personal data for users who want to take advantage of solid server systems and built-in tools like Cockpit. It describes 3 levels of backup.
|
||||
|
||||
### Pre-requisites
|
||||
|
||||
To use this guide, all you need is a working Fedora Linux workstation and the following items.
|
||||
|
||||
* You should read, understand, and practice the requirements as documented in the Fedora Docs for [server installation][4] and [administration][5]
|
||||
* An SBC (Single Board Computer), tested for Fedora Linux. Check [hardware status here][6].
|
||||
* [Fedora ARM][7] [server][7] raw image & ARM image installer
|
||||
* A choice of microSD Card (64 GB / Class 10) and SSD device
|
||||
* Ethernet cable / DHCP reserved IP or static IP
|
||||
* A Linux client workstation with ssh keys prepared
|
||||
* Make a choice of cloud storage services
|
||||
* Have an additional Linux workstation available
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
With this setup, I opted for Raspberry Pi 3B+/4B+ (one for hot-swap) because of the price and availability at the time of writing this article. While the Pi server is remotely connected using Cockpit, you can position the Pi near the router for a neat set-up.
|
||||
|
||||
### Harden server security
|
||||
|
||||
After following through with server installation and administration on the SBC, it is a good practice to harden the server security with firewalld.
|
||||
|
||||
You must configure the firewall as soon as the server is online before connecting the storage device to the server. Firewalld is a zone-based firewall. It creates one pre-defined zone ‘FedoraServer’ after following through with the installation and administration guide in the Fedora Docs.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Rich rules in firewalld
|
||||
|
||||
Rich rules are used to block or allow a particular IP address or address range. The following rule accepts SSH connections only from the host with the registered IP (of client workstation) and drops other connections. Run the commands in Cockpit Terminal or terminal in client workstation connect to the server via ssh.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv4 source address=<registered_ip_address>/24 service name=ssh log prefix="SSH Logs" level="notice" accept'
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Reject ping requests from all hosts
|
||||
|
||||
Use this command to set the icmp reject and disallow ping requests
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule protocol value=icmp reject'
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To carry out additional firewall controls, such as managing ports and zones, please refer to the link below. Please be aware that misconfiguring the firewall may make it vulnerable to security breaches.
|
||||
|
||||
[Managing firewall in Cockpit][8]
|
||||
[firewalld rules][9]
|
||||
|
||||
### Configure storage for file server
|
||||
|
||||
The next step is to connect a storage device to the SBC and partition a newly attached storage device using Cockpit. With Cockpit’s graphical server management interface, managing a home lab (whether a single server or several servers) is much simpler than before. Fedora Linux server offers Cockpit as standard.
|
||||
|
||||
In this setup, an SSD device, powered by the USB port of the SBC, is placed in service without the need for an additional power supply.
|
||||
|
||||
* Connect the storage device to a USB port of the SBC
|
||||
* After Cockpit is running (as set up in the pre-requisites), visit **ip-address-of-machine:9090** in the web browser of your client workstation
|
||||
* After logging into Cockpit, click ‘Turn on administrative access’ at the top of the Cockpit page
|
||||
* Click the “Storage” on the left pane
|
||||
* Select the device under “Drives” section to format and partition a blank storage device
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![Cockpit Storage management][10]
|
||||
|
||||
* On the screen of the selected storage device create a new partition table or format and create new partitions. When prompted to initialize disk, in the “Partitioning” type, select GPT partition
|
||||
* For a file system type from the drop-down list (XFS and ext4), choose ext4. This is suitable for an SBC with limited I/O capability (like USB 2.0 port) and limited bandwidth (less than 200MB/s)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![Create a partition in Cockpit][11]
|
||||
|
||||
* To create a single partition taking up all the storage space on the device, specify its mount point, such as “/media” and click “Ok”
|
||||
* Click “Create partition”, which creates a new partition mounted at “/media”.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Create backups and restore from backups
|
||||
|
||||
Backups are rarely one-size-fits-all. There are a few choices to make such as where the data is backed up, the steps you take to backup data, identify any automation, and determine how to restore backed-up data.
|
||||
|
||||
![Backup workflow – version 1.0][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Backup 1. rsync from client to file server (Raspberry Pi)
|
||||
|
||||
The command used for this transfer was:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
rsync -azP ~/source syncuser@host1:/destination
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Options:
|
||||
-a, --archive
|
||||
-z, --compress
|
||||
-P, --progress
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To run rsync with additional options, set the following flags:
|
||||
|
||||
Update destination files in-place
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--inplace
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Append data onto shorter files
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--append
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Source-side deduplication combined with compression is the most effective way to reduce the size of data to be backed up before it goes to backup storage.
|
||||
|
||||
I run this manually at the end of the day. Automation scripts are advantageous once I settled in with the cloud backup workflow.
|
||||
|
||||
For details on rsync, please visit the Fedora magazine article [here][13].
|
||||
|
||||
#### Backup 2. rsync from file server to primary cloud storage
|
||||
|
||||
Factors to consider when selecting cloud storage are;
|
||||
|
||||
* Cost: Upload, storage, and download fee
|
||||
* rsync, sftp supported
|
||||
* Data redundancy (RAID 10 or data center redundancy plan in place)
|
||||
* Snapshots
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
One of the cloud storage fitting these criteria is Hetzner’s hosted Nextcloud – [Storage Box][14]. You are not tied to a supplier and are free to switch without an exit penalty.
|
||||
|
||||
##### Generate SSH keys and create authorized key files in the file server
|
||||
|
||||
Use ssh-keygen to generate a new pair of SSH keys for the file server and cloud storage.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
ssh-keygen
|
||||
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
|
||||
Enter file in which to save the key . . .
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Insert the required public SSH keys into a new local authorized_keys file.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub >> storagebox_authorized_keys
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Transfer keys to cloud storage
|
||||
|
||||
The next step is to upload the generated authorized_keys file to the Storage Box. To do this, create the directory .ssh with permission 700 and create the file authorized_keys with the public SSH keys and permission 600. Run the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
echo -e "mkdir .ssh \n chmod 700 .ssh \n put storagebox_authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys \n chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys" | sftp <username>@<username>.your-storagebox.de
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Use rsync over ssh
|
||||
|
||||
Use rsync to synchronize the current state of your file directories to Storage Box.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
rsync --progress -e 'ssh -p23' --recursive <local_directory> <username>@<username>.your-storagebox.de:<target_directory>
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This process is called a push operation because it “pushes” a directory from the local system to a remote system.
|
||||
|
||||
##### Restore a directory from cloud storage
|
||||
|
||||
To restore a directory from the Storage Box, swap the directories:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
rsync --progress -e 'ssh -p23' --recursive <username>@<username>.your-storagebox.de:<remote_directory> <local_directory>
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Backup 3. Client backup to secondary cloud storage
|
||||
|
||||
[Deja Dup][15] is in the Fedora software repo, making it a quick backup solution for Fedora Workstation. It handles the GPG encryption, scheduling, and file inclusion (which directories to back up).
|
||||
|
||||
![Backing up to the secondary cloud][16]
|
||||
|
||||
![Restoring files from cloud storage][17]
|
||||
|
||||
### Archive personal data
|
||||
|
||||
Not every data needs a 3-2-1 backup strategy. That is personal data share. I repurposed a hand-me-down laptop with a 1TB HDD as an archive of personal data (family photos).
|
||||
|
||||
Go to “Sharing” in settings (in my case, the GNOME file manager) and toggle the slider to enable sharing.
|
||||
|
||||
![][18]
|
||||
|
||||
Turn on “file sharing”, “Networks” and “Required password”, which allows you to share your public folders with other workstations on your local network using WebDAV.
|
||||
|
||||
![][19]
|
||||
|
||||
### Prepare fallback options
|
||||
|
||||
Untested backups are no better than no backups at all. I take the ‘hot swap’ approach in a home lab environment where disruptions like frequent power outages or liquid damages do happen. However, my recommendations are far from disaster recovery plans or automatic failover in corporate IT.
|
||||
|
||||
* Dry run restoration of files on a regular basis
|
||||
* Backup ssh/GPG keys onto an external storage device
|
||||
* Copy a raw image of the Fedora ARM server onto an SD card
|
||||
* Keep snapshots of full backups at primary cloud storage
|
||||
* Automate backup process to minimize human error or oversight
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Track activity and troubleshoot with Cockpit
|
||||
|
||||
As your project grows, so does the number of servers you manage. Activity and alert tracking in Cockpit ease your administrative burden. You can achieve this in three ways using Cockpit’s graphical interface.
|
||||
|
||||
#### SELinux menu
|
||||
|
||||
How to diagnose network issues, find logs and troubleshoot in Cockpit
|
||||
|
||||
* Go to SELinux to check logs
|
||||
* Check “solution details”
|
||||
* Select “Apply this solution” when necessary
|
||||
* View automation script and run it if necessary
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![SELinux logs][20]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Network or storage logs
|
||||
|
||||
Server logs track detailed metrics that correlate CPU load, memory usage, network activity, and storage performance with the system’s journal. Logs are organized under the network or storage dashboard.
|
||||
|
||||
![Storage logs in Cockpit][21]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Software updates
|
||||
|
||||
Cockpit helps security updates on preset time and frequency. You can run all updates when you need them.
|
||||
|
||||
![Software updates][22]
|
||||
|
||||
Congratulations on setting up a file/backup server with the Fedora ARM server edition.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/3-2-1-backup-plan-with-fedora-arm-server/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Hanku Lee][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/hankuoffroad/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/3-2-1_backup-816x345.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://unsplash.com/@markuswinkler?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|
||||
[3]: https://unsplash.com/s/photos/computer-backup?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|
||||
[4]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-server/server-installation-sbc/
|
||||
[5]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-server/sysadmin-postinstall/
|
||||
[6]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/raspberry-pi/
|
||||
[7]: https://arm.fedoraproject.org/
|
||||
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/managing-network-interfaces-and-firewalld-in-cockpit/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/firewalld-rules-and-scenarios
|
||||
[10]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screenshot-from-2022-03-29-22-05-00b-1024x576.png
|
||||
[11]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screenshot-from-2022-03-29-22-03-36a.png
|
||||
[12]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Backups3-1-1024x525.jpg
|
||||
[13]: https://fedoramagazine.org/copying-large-files-with-rsync-and-some-misconceptions/
|
||||
[14]: https://docs.hetzner.com/robot/storage-box/
|
||||
[15]: https://fedoramagazine.org/easy-backups-with-deja-dup/
|
||||
[16]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screenshot-from-2022-03-29-22-47-30.png
|
||||
[17]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screenshot-from-2022-03-29-22-41-57.png
|
||||
[18]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-14-20-48-49-1024x733.png
|
||||
[19]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-14-20-51-18st.png
|
||||
[20]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-02-11-24-30b-1024x441.png
|
||||
[21]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-04-21-47-06SL-1024x259.png
|
||||
[22]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-04-21-35-42b.png
|
||||
@@ -1,206 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "MLCube and Podman"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/mlcube-and-podman/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Benson Muite https://fedoramagazine.org/author/fed500/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
MLCube and Podman
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![Two sides of a blue cube with the text "Machine" and "Learning" on one face, and "Pod" and "Management" on the other face. The background is comprised of alternating zeroes and ones in green on black.][1]
|
||||
|
||||
[MLCube][2] is a new open source container based infrastructure specification introduced to enable reproducibility in Python based machine learning workflows. It can utilize tools such as [Podman][3], [Singularity][4] and [Docker][5]. Execution on remote platforms is also supported. One of the chairs of the MLCommons Best Practices working group that is developing MLCube is [Diane Feddema][6] from Red Hat. This introductory article explains how to run the [hello world MLCube example][7] using Podman on Fedora Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
[Yazan Monshed][8] has written a very helpful introduction to [Podman on Fedora][9] which gives more details on some of the steps used here.
|
||||
|
||||
First install the necessary dependencies.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo dnf -y update
|
||||
sudo dnf -y install podman git virtualenv \
|
||||
policycoreutils-python-utils
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Then, following the documentation, setup a virtual environment and get the example code. To ensure reproducibility, use a specific commit as the project is being actively improved.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
virtualenv -p python3 ./env_mlcube
|
||||
source ./env_mlcube/bin/activate
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/mlcommons/mlcube_examples.git
|
||||
cd ./mlcube_examples/hello_world
|
||||
git checkout 5fe69bd
|
||||
pip install mlcube mlcube-docker
|
||||
mlcube describe
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Now change the runner command from _docker_ to _podman_ by editing the file $HOME/mlcube.yaml so that the line
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
docker: docker
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
becomes
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
docker: podman
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you are on a computer with x86_64 architecture, you can get the container using
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
mlcube configure --mlcube=. --platform=docker
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You will see a number of options
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
? Please select an image:
|
||||
▸ registry.fedoraproject.org/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1
|
||||
registry.access.redhat.com/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1
|
||||
docker.io/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1
|
||||
quay.io/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Choose docker.io/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1 to obtain the container.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are not on a computer with x86_64 architecture, you will need to build the container. Change the file $HOME/mlcube.yaml so that the line
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
build_strategy: pull
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
becomes
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
build_strategy: auto
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
and then build the container using
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
mlcube configure --mlcube=. --platform=docker
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To run the tests, you may need to set SELinux permissions in the directories appropriately. You can check that SELinux is enabled by typing
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo sestatus
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
which should give you output similar to
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
SELinux status: enabled
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
[Josphat Mutai][10], [Christopher Smart][11] and [Daniel Walsh][12] explain that you need to be careful in setting appropriate SELinux policies for files used by containers. Here, you will allow the container to read and write to the _workspace_ directory.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo semanage fcontext -a -t container_file_t "$PWD/workspace(/.*)?"
|
||||
sudo restorecon -Rv $PWD/workspace
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Now check the directory policy by checking that
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
ls -Z
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
gives output similar to
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 Dockerfile
|
||||
unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 README.md
|
||||
unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 mlcube.yaml
|
||||
unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 requirements.txt
|
||||
unconfined_u:object_r:container_file_t:s0 workspace
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Now run the example
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
mlcube run --mlcube=. --task=hello --platform=docker
|
||||
mlcube run --mlcube=. --task=bye --platform=docker
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, check that the output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
cat workspace/chats/chat_with_alice.txt
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
has text similar to
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Hi, Alice! Nice to meet you.
|
||||
Bye, Alice! It was great talking to you.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can create your own MLCube as described [here][13]. Contributions to the [MLCube examples repository][14] are welcome. [Udica][15] is a new project that promises more fine grained SELinux policy controls for containers that are easy for system administrators to apply. Active development of these projects is ongoing. Testing and providing feedback on them would help make secure data management on systems with SELinux easier and more effective.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/mlcube-and-podman/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Benson Muite][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/fed500/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/MLCubePodman-816x345.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://mlcommons.org/en/mlcube/
|
||||
[3]: https://podman.io/
|
||||
[4]: https://sylabs.io/singularity/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.docker.com/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.redhat.com/en/authors/diane-feddema
|
||||
[7]: https://mlcommons.github.io/mlcube/getting-started/hello-world/
|
||||
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/yazanalmonshed/
|
||||
[9]: https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-started-with-podman-in-fedora/
|
||||
[10]: https://computingforgeeks.com/set-selinux-context-label-for-podman-graphroot-directory/
|
||||
[11]: https://blog.christophersmart.com/2021/01/31/podman-volumes-and-selinux/
|
||||
[12]: https://opensource.com/article/18/2/selinux-labels-container-runtimes
|
||||
[13]: https://mlcommons.github.io/mlcube/tutorials/create-mlcube/
|
||||
[14]: https://github.com/mlcommons/mlcube_examples
|
||||
[15]: https://github.com/containers/udica
|
||||
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Nushell: Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/nushell/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Marco Carmona https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Nushell: Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
_**Brief:** Nushell is a unique type of shell that provides easy-to-read error messages and offers cross-platform support. Find out more about it here._
|
||||
|
||||
Even if you are not interested in using the terminal, the Linux terminal often makes some of the heavy lifting more effortless and lets you fix stuff. So, is safe to say that the Linux terminal is pretty powerful if you know what you’re doing.
|
||||
|
||||
And that is true! But the problem appears when you get an error. If you don’t have enough experience using it, you won’t know how to solve it.
|
||||
|
||||
While the error messages try to convey the best meaning of the problem, not every user can easily decode the fix. It usually takes a bit of research for beginners. But, if the error can have more clarity, the user could be able to fix it sooner.
|
||||
|
||||
Not just limited to the error message, the structure of the output you get in your terminal to browse files, for example, is not the prettiest.
|
||||
|
||||
![Terminal listing several files][1]
|
||||
|
||||
**Do you see what I mean?** Of course, this could become more complex when you have more files of distinct types. And, you get no idea about file permissions, groups, etc with the output you get with the basic ls command.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s where Nushell tries to solve the problem.
|
||||
|
||||
### Nushell: A Shell That Provides User-Friendly Output by Default
|
||||
|
||||
![Nushell example screenshot][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Nu, as it’s also called, it takes its philosophy and inspiration from projects like [PowerShell][3], functional programming languages, and modern [CLI][4] tools.
|
||||
|
||||
Let me give you an example, imagine you want to list only the output with a type equal to the file inside your home directory, including the hidden files. Well, to achieve this it is as easy as just typing the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
ls -a | where type == 'file'
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![Listing only files with Nushell][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Observe how clear and simple its syntax is; now imagine how easy it could be to find the process and name ID, its status, and CPU or memory consumed with the Nushell. **It’s part of its magic!**
|
||||
|
||||
It tries its best to provide user-friendly output for the commands you enter, organized in a specific structure.
|
||||
|
||||
### Features of Nushell
|
||||
|
||||
![Error messages in Nu, one of its primary highlights][6]
|
||||
|
||||
As per the official information available, some of its most popular features include:
|
||||
|
||||
* **Pipelines to control any OS.** Nu works on Linux, macOS, and Windows. In other words, being a flexible cross-platform shell with a modern feel.
|
||||
* **Everything is data.** Nu pipelines use structured data, so you can safely select, filter, and sort the same way every time.
|
||||
* **Powerful plugins.** It’s easy to extend Nu functionalities using a powerful plugin system.
|
||||
* **Easy to read error messages.** Nu operates on typed data, so it catches bugs that other shells don’t. And when things break, Nu tells you exactly where and why.
|
||||
* Clean IDE support.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can take a look at its [official documentation][7] for a thorough look at its features and usage.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing Nushell in your system
|
||||
|
||||
Unfortunately, if you’re an Ubuntu user like me, you won’t find an apt repository to install Nushell. But, you can build it by installing the required dependencies, as per its instructions on [GitHub][8].
|
||||
|
||||
Fortunately, there is a way to install it on any distro, using **Homebrew**. Head to its official website to explore more installation options.
|
||||
|
||||
[Nushell][9]
|
||||
|
||||
You can refer to our tutorial on [installing and using Homebrew Package Manager on Linux][10]. Once you successfully set it up on Linux, you need to type in the following command to install Nushell:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
brew install nushell
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![Installing nushell with Homebrew][11]
|
||||
|
||||
Once the process is finished, just type `nu` to start the Nushell shell. **That’s it!**
|
||||
|
||||
If you’d like to set Nushell as your default shell, you can do it with the command **chsh**, but remember, it is still in development, that’s why we do not recommend it for everyday use.
|
||||
|
||||
However, you can explore more about it on its website or the [GitHub page][8] before you decide to try it.
|
||||
|
||||
What do you think about this interesting shell? Let me know your thoughts in the comments down below.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/nushell/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Marco Carmona][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Terminal-with-several-files-800x477.png
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Nushell-example-800x475.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/microsoft-open-sources-powershell/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/gui-cli-tui/
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Listing-only-files-with-nushell-800x246.png
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Error-messages-in-Nu-800x259.png
|
||||
[7]: https://www.nushell.sh/book/
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/nushell/nushell
|
||||
[9]: https://www.nushell.sh/
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/homebrew-linux/
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Installing-nushell-with-brew-800x470.png
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 [With Bonus Tip]"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/10-things-to-do-ubuntu-22-04-after-install/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 [With Bonus Tip]
|
||||
======
|
||||
YOU MAY WANT TO TRY A SUMMARY OF 10 THINGS AFTER INSTALLING UBUNTU 22.04
|
||||
LTS “JAMMY JELLYFISH” (GNOME EDITION).
|
||||
I am sure you are excited to experience the brand new Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and its shiny new features. If you have already installed or upgraded from the prior release, you may want to customise your system before you start using it. Although the customisations are subjective and vary with use cases. However, we give you 10 pointers that you can do after installing Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. I hope it helps.
|
||||
|
||||
### 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Update Your System
|
||||
|
||||
Firstly, you should do some housekeeping after installing Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. Before you begin using the new system and configuring it, ensure that it is up to date with the latest packages from the Ubuntu Jammy repo. So, open a terminal window and run the below commands. Or, open Software Updater from the search.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![Update your Ubuntu 22.04 LTS System][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Software application takes some time to load for the first time; hence you must do it as a number one step to save time later. It is best if you wait until the update finishes. Once the update is complete, open the Software App and ensure it completes downloading the app metadata.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, when everything completes, reboot your system to proceed.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Opt-In/Opt-Out from data collection and history settings
|
||||
|
||||
Secondly, it’s essential to review the privacy settings before using the system. Because we are all concerned about our usage data, location tracking, etc. So, to check them, open Settings from search and go to Privacy. The items you should review are Location Services and File History usage in your system. Make sure to change them as per your need.
|
||||
|
||||
![Review the privacy settings][2]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Configure KB shortcuts
|
||||
|
||||
To effectively use Ubuntu 22.04 system, keyboard shortcuts are essential. It helps your work faster. So, ideally, keyboard shortcuts are pre-configured, but you may want to change them based on your habits from `Settings > Keyboard > View and Customize Shortcuts`.
|
||||
|
||||
![Configure Keyboard shortcuts in Ubuntu 22.04][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Prepare for the backup
|
||||
|
||||
If you plan to use the system for a longer duration, it is super important to create a system checkpoint just after installation. Because in the future, if something goes wrong, you can always revert to your system as a fresh install.
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 comes with the built-in backup tool – Backups. You can go ahead and use it to create a system checkpoint.
|
||||
|
||||
However, we recommend you use the great backup and restore tool TImeshift. It has many additional options and is well documented for heavy usage. To install Timeshift, you can use software or the terminal commands mentioned below.
|
||||
|
||||
After installation, launch Timeshift and follow the on-screen instructions to create a system restore point.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install timeshift
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. Explore the New Features
|
||||
|
||||
Once you complete the above set of housekeepings, it’s time for you to explore the new features of Ubuntu 22.04. We covered the unique features of Ubuntu 22.04 and its flavours in detail in dedicated posts. You may want to check them out below.
|
||||
|
||||
* [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS – GNOME][4]
|
||||
* [Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS][5]
|
||||
* [Kubuntu 22.04 LTS][6]
|
||||
* [Xubuntu 22.04 LTS][7]
|
||||
* [Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS][8]
|
||||
* [Lubuntu 22.04 LTS][9]
|
||||
* [Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS][10]
|
||||
* [Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS][11]
|
||||
* [Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 – Differences][12]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. Experience the first-ever Accent Colour in Ubuntu
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the above items, you may find the new accent colour interesting in this release. This is one of the new features which was due for a long time. So, in the Appearance settings, you can find the selected colour options.
|
||||
|
||||
You can choose your favourite colour and see the selection, the folder icon gradient changes with the colour. However, you can not select the custom colour at the moment. I am sure it will eventually come up in future releases.
|
||||
|
||||
![How Accent colour change impact looks in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][13]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. Dark Mode and new controls
|
||||
|
||||
Besides that accent colour, this release, alongside GNOME 42, brings new style changes, thanks to GTK4 and libadwaita adoption. With this change, the built-in dark mode can apply across the desktop and application that supports it. Also, the controls such as buttons, notifications, rounded corners, scroll bars, etc. all are more stylish and compact in this release.
|
||||
|
||||
[][12]
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO: Difference Between Ubuntu 22.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
|
||||
|
||||
All of these together make this release a beautiful one.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. Install GNOME Extensions
|
||||
|
||||
Additionally, you can take advantage of hundreds of excellent GNOME Extensions available. For example, you may want to customise the default Dock, Or, like a super cool blur effect, etc. – you can quickly achieve these using the extensions.
|
||||
|
||||
We list here some of the exciting extensions you may want to try out after installing this release.
|
||||
|
||||
* [Blur My Shell][14] – get an exciting blur effect on the default shell
|
||||
* [Floating Dock][15] – make your dock float wherever you want
|
||||
* Dash to Dock: Enables you to control your Dash across the screen with various options.
|
||||
* Caffeine: Enables you more productively.
|
||||
* [Time ++][16]: Super handy extension to give you an alarm clock, stopwatch, time tracker, Pomodoro, and todo.txt manager – all together.
|
||||
* [NetSpeed][17]: Show your internet download and upload speed in the system tray.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Before installing the above extensions, open a terminal prompt and install the chrome-gnome-shell using the below command to enable extensions.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Then go to [https://extensions.gnome.org][18] and enable the extensions for Firefox.
|
||||
|
||||
If you use the Snap version of Firefox, then the extension connectivity won’t work. So, uninstall the Firefox Snap version and use an alternate installation Or use a different browser (Such as Google Chrome, Chromium) that has a .deb version. Or, install the extension using the manual steps [outlined here in this article][19].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9\. Configure Email Client
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, a native desktop email client is always preferable over browser-based email access. Hence, I would recommend you configure Thunderbird with your email service provider. The setup is more straightforward and wizard-driven. It helps for offline and drafting work for heavy email users.
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, if you do not like Thunderbird, try to check out options – you can read our list of [top free native Linux desktop email clients list][20] and choose your favourite.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10\. Install some additional packages and Software
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the above items, you should install some additional packages and software because Ubuntu doesn’t come with extra apps other than the native GNOME applications. We list here some of the important applications needed for basic desktop usage.
|
||||
|
||||
You can install them using the Software application.
|
||||
|
||||
* GIMP – Advanced photo editor
|
||||
* VLC – Media play that plays anything without the need for additional codecs
|
||||
* Google Chrome – Browser for Google users.
|
||||
* Leafpad – A lightweight text editor (even lightweight from default gedit)
|
||||
* Synaptic – A far better package manager
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, while installing Ubuntu, if you have not selected to install the restricted software to play audio and video media files, you can do it now. Because GNOME default Video player (Totem) can not play the basic mp4, etc. files without restricted software.
|
||||
|
||||
So, to install them, open the terminal and run the below command to install.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can now play most video/audio files without any problem in Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Bonus Tip 💡
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, I recommend you set up Flatpak the first time after installing Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. Because over time, I am sure you would install many Flatpak applications.
|
||||
|
||||
To set up Flatpak, [visit this page][21] and follow the instructions.
|
||||
|
||||
Once you complete the setup, I recommend installing the below two Flatpak apps. The Extension application helps you manage the GNOME Extensions installed in your system. Other than that, the Flatseal application helps you manage Flatpak applications’ permissions in a super friendly way.
|
||||
|
||||
* [Flatseal][22] – Manage Flatpak permissions
|
||||
* [Extensions][23] – Manage GNOME extensions
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Summary
|
||||
|
||||
Also, one of the crucial debatable things to do after installing Ubuntu 22.04 is to delete Snap. Deleting Snap is a bit advanced process and may lead to an unstable system because of the tight coupling of Snap in Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
That said, I hope this list gives you and new users of Ubuntu some idea about making a productive Ubuntu 22.04 LTS desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][24], [Twitter][25], [YouTube][26], and [Facebook][27] and never miss an update!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/10-things-to-do-ubuntu-22-04-after-install/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Update-your-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS-System.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Review-the-privacy-settings-1024x446.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Configure-Keyboard-shortcuts-in-Ubuntu-22.04.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-mate-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/xubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/lubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-kylin-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-studio-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/difference-ubuntu-22-04-20-04/
|
||||
[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/How-Accent-colour-change-impact-looks-in-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.jpg
|
||||
[14]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3193/blur-my-shell/
|
||||
[15]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3730/floating-dock/
|
||||
[16]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1238/time/
|
||||
[17]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/104/netspeed/
|
||||
[18]: https://extensions.gnome.org/
|
||||
[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/10/manual-installation-gnome-extension/
|
||||
[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2019/06/best-email-client-linux-windows/
|
||||
[21]: https://flatpak.org/setup/
|
||||
[22]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.github.tchx84.Flatseal
|
||||
[23]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.gnome.Extensions
|
||||
[24]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[25]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[26]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[27]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Ubuntu 20.04 vs 22.04: What Has Changed Between the Two LTS Releases?"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-20-04-vs-22-04/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 20.04 vs 22.04: What Has Changed Between the Two LTS Releases?
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 20.04 was an impressive release with a [list of exciting features][1].
|
||||
|
||||
Even with GNOME 3.36 on board, we had a fair share of visual upgrades. Now, Ubuntu 22.04 LTS comes packed with GNOME 42. So, naturally, there should be a variety of visual refinements.
|
||||
|
||||
Not just limited to the look and feel, [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS has numerous interesting features][2] to offer as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Here, I try to compare the feature offerings between the two to help you decide if you should upgrade.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1\. Support Lifespan
|
||||
|
||||
Undoubtedly, both being LTS ([Long-Term Release][3]) versions, you can pick any of them and still be able to use them for a couple of years, at the very least.
|
||||
|
||||
To be accurate, Ubuntu 22.04 will be supported with maintenance updates for **five years** until **April 2027**.
|
||||
|
||||
And, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS will be supported until **2025**, meaning, you have **three more years** of software update support.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2\. Logo and Branding
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu’s branding focused on a purple accent for some elements like toggles, sliders, etc. on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.
|
||||
|
||||
However, with Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, they focused on a different accent color with changes to the icon theme as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Not to forget, the [new Ubuntu 22.04 logo looks weird][4], and as of now, we do not have a proper logo file available to use on images.
|
||||
|
||||
The logo associated with Ubuntu 20.04 was clean, without any solid rectangle structure attached to it.
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Accordingly, the boot animation has changed as well, reflecting the latest branding.
|
||||
|
||||
### 3\. Accent Color Selection
|
||||
|
||||
With Ubuntu 20.04, you couldn’t select custom accent colors. You had to stick with the default or customize things yourself with [GNOME Tweaks][6].
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(Appearance setting\)][7]
|
||||
|
||||
However, that changes with Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, you can finally [select additional accent colors in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][8].
|
||||
|
||||
### 4\. Wallpapers
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(Desktop featuring default wallpapers\)][9]
|
||||
|
||||
It is obvious to expect a new wallpaper that reflects the name of the Ubuntu upgrade.
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 is code named as “**Jammy Jellyfish**“, so the new wallpaper illustrates the same beautifully:
|
||||
|
||||
On the other hand, Ubuntu 20.04 is code named “**Focal Fossa**”, which refers to a cat-like predator based found in Madagascar.
|
||||
|
||||
Both have similar color combinations, but I tend to like the new one.
|
||||
|
||||
### 5\. Log in Screen and Lock screen
|
||||
|
||||
As per the changes to the default theme and accent colors, the choices for the log-in and lock screen have differences.
|
||||
|
||||
Both of the lock screens offer a blurred view of the default wallpapers, with Ubuntu 20.04 turning out to be darker than Ubuntu 22.04.
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(Lockscreen\)][10]
|
||||
|
||||
The log in screen is entirely different in Ubuntu 22.04 with a black background, here’s how it looks:
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(Log in screen\)][11]
|
||||
|
||||
### 6\. Appearance Settings & Dark Mode Improvements
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 20.04 did feature a dark mode to keep up with modern standards. With Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, the dark mode has improved to provide you with a complete system-wide dark mode experience.
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(Appearance settings\)][12]
|
||||
|
||||
Along with the new dark mode implementation, you get to see an entire revamp for the appearance settings, giving you more options in an organized manner.
|
||||
|
||||
Furthermore, you can notice that Ubuntu 22.04 LTS no longer features the standard theme, so it’s either entirely light or dark.
|
||||
|
||||
### 7\. GNOME 42 and the horizontal layout
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 20.04 makes use of GNOME 3.36.8 to provide a stable experience without a lot of appearance tweaks.
|
||||
|
||||
But, all thanks to GNOME 42, the dark mode improvements, appearance tweaks, it’s all part of the [GNOME 42 features][13].
|
||||
|
||||
Not just the visual changes, but the entire workflow should feel a bit different with the revamped activities view, app menu, and further adjustments:
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(Activities\)][14]
|
||||
|
||||
The three finger swipe also provides a smooth and rich experience for accessing the activity overview.
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 did not implement the horizontal dock. But, it’s still a significant change to offer something different for a good user experience.
|
||||
|
||||
The application menu also looks a tad different, including the virtual desktops in the same view compared to Ubuntu 20.04.
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(App menu\)][15]
|
||||
|
||||
### 8\. Multitasking Capabilities
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 now includes a dedicated menu in the system settings to facilitate enhancements to multitasking with the use of Hot Corner, Screen Edges, Workspace tweaks, and more.
|
||||
|
||||
![][16]
|
||||
|
||||
You do not find these options with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.
|
||||
|
||||
### 9\. Linux kernel version
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 features multiple Linux Kernel versions as per the product. Ubuntu 22.04 Desktop uses [Linux Kernel 5.17][17].
|
||||
|
||||
The desktop version also uses a rolling HWE kernel for previous-gen hardware based on Linux Kernel 5.15, to exist until the first point release.
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 server uses non-rolling Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS.
|
||||
|
||||
On the other hand, Ubuntu 20.04.4, features [Linux Kernel 5.13][18] at the time of writing this.
|
||||
|
||||
### 10\. Shrinking the Dock in Ubuntu 22.04
|
||||
|
||||
Surprisingly, you can shrink the dock on Ubuntu 22.04 to change the default look. You need to disable the “Panel” mode under the Dock settings in Appearance tweaks, as shown in the image below:
|
||||
|
||||
![][19]
|
||||
|
||||
It may not be a massive change, but some do appreciate a compact dock, instead of having the dock stick to the entire left side of the screen, ditching the Unity-type look.
|
||||
|
||||
### 11\. Screenshot tool
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS utilized GNOME’s screenshot tool to get things done. It was a simple and effective tool.
|
||||
|
||||
![][20]
|
||||
|
||||
With GNOME 42 on board, Ubuntu 22.04 LTS has the latest screenshot tool and received upgrades to its UI with a modern layout, and the ability to record the screen as well.
|
||||
|
||||
### 12\. File Manager
|
||||
|
||||
The file manager has a refreshed look/feel compared to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. Of course, the standard theme on Ubuntu 20.04 can no longer be seen with Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, so that’s a part of the visible change.
|
||||
|
||||
![][21]
|
||||
|
||||
### 13\. Software Center
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS features an improved software center that provides you more information on the software, clarifying the ratings, project details, download size, status, and more.
|
||||
|
||||
![][22]
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS did have improvements to it back then, but it is a simpler software center comparatively.
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu 22.04 LTS \(Software Center\)][23]
|
||||
|
||||
### Wrapping Up
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS is certainly a major overhaul in terms of user experience compared to Ubuntu 20.04.
|
||||
|
||||
Some changes may not be as functional as they look, so as per your preferences, it is best to evaluate your requirements if you want to switch to the latest Ubuntu 22.04 LTS or stick to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.
|
||||
|
||||
What do you think about the difference between the two LTS releases? Are the differences compelling enough for you to switch? Let me know your thoughts in the comments section below.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-20-04-vs-22-04/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-20-04-release-features/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-release-features/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/long-term-support-lts/
|
||||
[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-new-logo/
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cof_orange_hex.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-tweak-tool/
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-appearance.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-accent-color/
|
||||
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-desktop.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-lockscreen-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/login-screen.png
|
||||
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-dark-mode.jpg
|
||||
[13]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-42-features/
|
||||
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-activities.jpg
|
||||
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-application-view.jpg
|
||||
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-multitasking.jpg
|
||||
[17]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-17-release/
|
||||
[18]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-13-release/
|
||||
[19]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-dock-shrink.jpg
|
||||
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-screenshot.jpg
|
||||
[21]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/filemanager.jpg
|
||||
[22]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-software-center.jpg
|
||||
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-software.jpg
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Things to do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-22-04/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Things to do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
_**Here is a list of simple tweaks and things to do after installing Ubuntu 22.04, to get a smoother and better experience.**_
|
||||
|
||||
I presume that you are absolutely new to Ubuntu while sharing these tips. If you are an existing Ubuntu user, some tips may sound too elementary to you. However, you’ll still find a few good tweaks that are specific to the [new Ubuntu 22.04 features][1].
|
||||
|
||||
### Things to do after installing Ubuntu 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish”
|
||||
|
||||
Again, what I recommend here is based on my experience and preference. Yours could be different from mine. Skim around and see if you get some interesting and useful advice.
|
||||
|
||||
Another thing. Most of the suggestions are for the default GNOME desktop environment. If you are using the default Ubuntu, you should be good. If you have doubt, please [check the Ubuntu version][2] and [desktop environment you are using][3].
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s see them one by one.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Getting your system ready with updates and repositories
|
||||
|
||||
The first thing you should do after installing Ubuntu is to update it. Linux works on a local database of available packages and it needs to be synced for you to be able to install any software.
|
||||
|
||||
It is straightforward to [update Ubuntu][4]. You can run the software updater from the menu (press the Windows key and search for software updater):
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Now, make sure that you have [universe and multiverse repositories enabled][6]. These repositories should be enabled already, but no harm in verifying that. You’ll have access to a lot more software with these repositories.
|
||||
|
||||
Search for Software & Updates in the menu:
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Check the boxes in front of the repositories:
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Install media codecs to play various kinds of media files
|
||||
|
||||
To play media files like MP3, MPEG4, AVI, etc, you’ll need to install media codecs. Ubuntu doesn’t install it by default because of copyright issues in various countries.
|
||||
|
||||
You can install these media codecs as an individual [using the Ubuntu Restricted Extra package][9]. It installs media codecs and [Microsoft True Type Fonts on your Ubuntu system][10].
|
||||
|
||||
You can install it by using this command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you encounter the EULA or the license screen, remember to use the tab key to select between the options and then hit enter to confirm your choice.
|
||||
|
||||
![Press tab to select OK and press enter][11]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Install applications of your choice from the software center or the web
|
||||
|
||||
A fresh installed Ubuntu system will have only a limited set of necessary applications installed.
|
||||
|
||||
For the rest, you can find them in the software center, through the apt package manager, or get them from their official websites.
|
||||
|
||||
Look into the software center first and see if the application is available here.
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
Some applications provide an easy-to-use DEB file on their website. For example, to [install Google Chrome on Ubuntu][13], you can download it from its official website.
|
||||
|
||||
Usually, you double-click on the deb file and install the application using the software center. If it opens the deb file in archive manager, [use this trick][14] to make it work.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Enjoy gaming on Linux with Steam Proton
|
||||
|
||||
There are plenty of tools that allow you to play games on Linux. Steam is perhaps the most convenient, mainstream way of getting thousands of games.
|
||||
|
||||
[Install Steam on Ubuntu][15] and [enable Steam Play][16]. You should have access to a good set of games, provided your system has enough hardware configuration to run all kinds of games.
|
||||
|
||||
Needs some suggestions? Check this list of [indie games for Linux users][17].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. Get familiar with auto-updates
|
||||
|
||||
Your Ubuntu system automatically checks for system updates and installs them automatically when needed.
|
||||
|
||||
This check happens when your system starts. If you try to perform a system update or install an application at this time, you’ll see a warning or message to wait.
|
||||
|
||||
You can control the auto-updates behavior if you like.
|
||||
|
||||
![][18]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. Give your Ubuntu a different color
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 gives you the ability to choose a different color than the usual orange. There are nine other colors to choose from. From the Settings-Appearance, select the color you want and it will give change the accent color of your system.
|
||||
|
||||
![][19]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. Get familiar with the new screenshot tool
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 has a new screenshot tool that also includes the screencast (video recording of desktop) option.
|
||||
|
||||
When you press the Print Screen button to take the screenshot, it opens the UI and gives you the option to take the screenshot of the selected area, entire screen, or current application window. The screenshots are copied to the clipboard and saved to the Screenshots folder under the Pictures directory.
|
||||
|
||||
![][20]
|
||||
|
||||
You can also record the screen with the screencast option available in the same interface (click the video camera icon). It lets you record the entire screen and works very well under Wayland.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. Experiment with the dock
|
||||
|
||||
Go to the Appearance Settings and you’ll see the option for disabling Panel mode.
|
||||
|
||||
![][21]
|
||||
|
||||
This will shrink the launcher on the left side and make it look like the Vanilla GNOME launcher. You should use it with ‘auto-hide’ option for better experience.
|
||||
|
||||
You may [move the launcher to the bottom][22] or the right side if you like. There are plenty of [ways to customize the dock in Ubuntu][23].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9\. Get GNOME Tweaks tool for additional customization
|
||||
|
||||
Though the system settings application now includes several new options, [GNOME Tweaks still provides additional customization options][24].
|
||||
|
||||
With GNOME Tweaks, you can move the windows control button on the left, change themes, change the lock screen background, etc. More on its usage later. For the moment, just get this tool from the software center or use the apt command.
|
||||
|
||||
![][25]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10\. Minimize to click
|
||||
|
||||
When you click an icon in the launcher, it opens the application. You click the icon again and nothing happens.
|
||||
|
||||
I don’t like this. I prefer that when I click on the icon of an application in focus, it gets minimized.
|
||||
|
||||
If you share the same preference, use this command in the terminal to [enable minimize on click in Ubuntu][26]:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock click-action 'minimize'
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11\. Get familiar with the terminal
|
||||
|
||||
![][27]
|
||||
|
||||
Speaking of the terminal, please don’t be too scared of this awesome tool. I know that the command line gives cold feet to many new Linux users. However, knowing a little could help you big in long run.
|
||||
|
||||
I am not going to teach you the basics of the Linux command line here. Though I have written a pretty good post that tells you several [useful information on using the terminal in Ubuntu][28]. You should read the article even if you can use the terminal every now and then.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 12\. Few tweaks for laptop users
|
||||
|
||||
If you are using Ubuntu 22.04 on a laptop, here are a few tips on improving your performance and getting rid of annoyances.
|
||||
|
||||
You’ll notice that you have to press the left touchpad button for the left mouse button action. This is annoying. Enable the tap for click option and just tap the touchpad anywhere to get the left mouse click.
|
||||
|
||||
![][29]
|
||||
|
||||
From the Power settings, **enable the battery percentage display** to keep a track of the remaining battery on your laptop.
|
||||
|
||||
![][30]
|
||||
|
||||
Since you’ll be using your system on battery power, **choose an appropriate power profile** under the Power settings.
|
||||
|
||||
![][31]
|
||||
|
||||
This is perhaps not entirely for laptop users. By default, Ubuntu locks the screen after 5 minutes of inactivity and puts the system in suspend mode after 20 minutes of activity.
|
||||
|
||||
I don’t like entering my password so frequently. I **prefer to lock the screen at my convenience**. If you share the same feeling, you can also disable this behavior.
|
||||
|
||||
![][32]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13\. Disable characters from GNOME search
|
||||
|
||||
The GNOME Search is an excellent tool for finding installed applications, files, etc. However, you’ll notice that it often shows matching ‘characters’.
|
||||
|
||||
![Emojis Desktop Search Ubuntu][33]
|
||||
|
||||
Actually, your Ubuntu system has built-in emoji support. Apart from the regular emoticons, the system also has support for letters in various languages like Thai, Latin, Vietnamese, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
When you search for something, the term could also match these special characters. Click on it and it gets copied to the clipboard and you can paste them wherever you want.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are not going to use this feature, you should disable the characters’ search.
|
||||
|
||||
![][34]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 14\. Use the night light feature to reduce eye strain at night
|
||||
|
||||
My favorite feature and I am glad it now works in the multi-monitor settings as well.
|
||||
|
||||
[Enable the night light feature][35] so that it adds a yellow tint to the screen which is less pinching than the white light at night.
|
||||
|
||||
Go to Settings -> Displays, switch to Night Light tab, and enable it. You can also set the ‘yellowness’ as per your liking.
|
||||
|
||||
![][36]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 15\. Enable fractional scaling if you’ve got a 4K screen
|
||||
|
||||
If you have a 2K or 4K screen, you’ll find that the icons, fonts and folders look too small. You should enable the fractional scaling and scale the size that suits your preference.
|
||||
|
||||
![][37]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16\. Know that you have the option to go back to Xorg
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 defaults to Wayland once again if you don’t have an Nvidia system. Wayland is the modern replacement of the legacy x server and it works very well with the newer GNOME components.
|
||||
|
||||
However, some older applications may not work properly under Wayland. For example, most screen recording tools don’t support Wayland yet.
|
||||
|
||||
If you encounter such a situation where a must-use application doesn’t work in Wayland, log out from the session and click on the gear icon in the bottom right to [switch to the X display session][38].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 17\. Classic GNOME is still available
|
||||
|
||||
Speaking of options, you can also access the classic GNOME. If you are not aware, the classic GNOME or GNOME version 2 was a popular desktop choice before GNOME 3 arrived with radical new changes around 2011.
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME 2 gave birth to the Cinnamon and MATE desktop environment because its die-hard users just didn’t want to give up on the classic interface. Perhaps that’s the reason why GNOME Classic has always been a part of Ubuntu even though it moved to Unity and (modern) GNOME.
|
||||
|
||||
Though it says classic, it doesn’t look as dated as it was in 2010.
|
||||
|
||||
![GNOME Classic][39]
|
||||
|
||||
When you log out of the system, click on the user name and you should see a gear symbol at the bottom. Click on it and you should see the classic GNOME option here.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 18\. Know about cleaning your system
|
||||
|
||||
The classic apt autoremove command is a good way to remove packages that are not required anymore.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt autoremove
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
I think it is also part of the software updater tool now meaning it runs the autoremove command after running updates or so I have noticed.
|
||||
|
||||
Apart from that, there are a [few more ways to clean up your Ubuntu system][40]. GUI tools like Stacer are now available in the repositories and you may use them to clean your system without going into the command line.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 19\. Master the keyboard shortcuts
|
||||
|
||||
I am not asking you to ditch the mouse altogether but trust me on this using the keyboard shortcut saves plenty of time.
|
||||
|
||||
From the application switcher to opening the terminal, things feel a lot faster with the correct shortcuts at your finger.
|
||||
|
||||
![keyboard switching with key shortcut in Ubuntu][41]
|
||||
|
||||
I have an entire article dedicated to [keyboard shortcuts in Ubuntu][42]. Feel free to check that out.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 20\. Use the ‘do not disturb mode to focus on work
|
||||
|
||||
There are plenty of productivity tools available for Ubuntu but this little hack is my favorite.
|
||||
|
||||
When I am working on something that requires my complete focus, like writing this article, I enable the Do Not Disturb mode.
|
||||
|
||||
![][43]
|
||||
|
||||
With that, the notifications from messaging services stop appearing on the screen and I don’t get distracted. Once I am back to relaxed working, I disable it again.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 21\. Get back the original Firefox or go for some other browser
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish comes with the Snap version of Firefox. It takes longer to start and forces you to log in to the accounts again and again.
|
||||
|
||||
Try the Snap version of Firefox first. If it works for you, good. If not and you feel fed up with the Firefox experience, you have two options:
|
||||
|
||||
* Switch to another browser like Brave, Vivaldi, LibreWolf, etc
|
||||
* Switch to Firefox ESR or a non-Snap version of Firefox
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox ESR (extended support release) doesn’t come with the latest feature like the regular Firefox but it is maintained for security and stability fixes.
|
||||
|
||||
There are a couple of ways of [getting the non-Snap version of Firefox][44] as described by Jim at Ubuntu Handbook. However, it is slightly more complicated than just adding a PPA.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 22\. Get missing Windows back if you use a dual boot system
|
||||
|
||||
During the early testing of Ubuntu 22.04, I noticed a known bug that came with the new Grub 2.6. It had disabled the os-prober by default. This means that Grub won’t check for the presence of other operating systems. In other words, it won’t see Windows (or other Linux distributions) if you opted for a dual boot system.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, I haven’t checked if this issue has been fixed or not but if you face this issue with your dual boot system, then edit the /etc/default/grub file to add GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false to this file. Save this file, [update grub][45] and Grub should see other operating systems now.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Where to go from here?
|
||||
|
||||
![][46]
|
||||
|
||||
Honestly, you could do a lot more even after you have done all the points I mentioned in this list here. There is no end to things you could do after installing Ubuntu 22.04.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are new, there is plenty to explore. If you are an experienced one, you could still spend considerable time tweaking and setting up your system as per your liking.
|
||||
|
||||
It all comes down to personal preference. Some people would just do some basic changes and go on with using the operating system. Some folks would spend hours setting everything to perfection.
|
||||
|
||||
Now that I have finished my recommendations, I would like your views. Did you find some useful tips here? What other usual stuff do you do after installing Ubuntu?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-22-04/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-release-features/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-know-ubuntu-unity-version/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/find-desktop-environment/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/update-ubuntu/
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/software-updater-ubuntu-22-04.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-repositories/
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/software-and-updates-tool.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/enable-additional-repo-ubuntu-22-04.jpg
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/install-media-codecs-ubuntu/
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/install-microsoft-fonts-ubuntu/
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/installing_ubuntu_restricted_extras.jpg
|
||||
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-software-center-22-04-800x539.png
|
||||
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/install-chrome-ubuntu/
|
||||
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/cant-install-deb-file-ubuntu/
|
||||
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/install-steam-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/steam-play/
|
||||
[17]: https://itsfoss.com/best-indie-rpg-games-linux/
|
||||
[18]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/auto-updates-ubuntu-800x361.png
|
||||
[19]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-22-04-appearance-settings.png
|
||||
[20]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-22-04-screenshot-ui.jpg
|
||||
[21]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/panel-mode-ubuntu-22-800x529.png
|
||||
[22]: https://itsfoss.com/move-unity-launcher-bottom/
|
||||
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/customize-ubuntu-dock/
|
||||
[24]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-tweak-tool/
|
||||
[25]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/gnome-tweaks-tool-ubuntu-20-04-800x551.png
|
||||
[26]: https://itsfoss.com/click-to-minimize-ubuntu/
|
||||
[27]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/linux-terminal-introduction.png
|
||||
[28]: https://itsfoss.com/basic-terminal-tips-ubuntu/
|
||||
[29]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/tap-to-click-ubuntu-22-800x483.png
|
||||
[30]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/show-battery-percentage-ubuntu-22-800x489.png
|
||||
[31]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-new-power-profile-800x489.png
|
||||
[32]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Power-Settings-in-Ubuntu.jpg
|
||||
[33]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/emojis-desktop-search-ubuntu.jpg
|
||||
[34]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/search-settings-control-ubuntu-800x534.png
|
||||
[35]: https://itsfoss.com/night-shift-flux-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[36]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/nightlight-ubuntu-20-04.png
|
||||
[37]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/fractional-scaling-in-ubuntu-22-04-800x674.png
|
||||
[38]: https://itsfoss.com/switch-xorg-wayland/
|
||||
[39]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/gnome-classic-ubuntu-22-800x450.png
|
||||
[40]: https://itsfoss.com/free-up-space-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[41]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/keyboard-switch-shortcut-ubuntu.jpeg
|
||||
[42]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-shortcuts/
|
||||
[43]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/don-not-disturb-ubuntu-22.jpg
|
||||
[44]: https://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2022/04/install-firefox-deb-ubuntu-22-04/
|
||||
[45]: https://itsfoss.com/update-grub/
|
||||
[46]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-neofetch-lolcat-800x445.png
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "5 Less Popular Features that Make Ubuntu 22.04 LTS an Epic Release"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-release-unique-feature/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
5 Less Popular Features that Make Ubuntu 22.04 LTS an Epic Release
|
||||
======
|
||||
A LIST OF MINOR HIGHLIGHTED FEATURES OF UBUNTU 22.04 LTS THAT MAKES IT
|
||||
ONE OF THE BEST LTS RELEASE SO FAR.
|
||||
Canonical’s latest LTS instalment of [Ubuntu code-named “Jammy Jellyfish”][1] is well received from users worldwide. There are hundreds of new tiny features and some less popular ones that didn’t catch much attention. So, here are five unique Ubuntu 22.04 release features which we think make it an epic release.
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Desktop \(GNOME\)][2]
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu 22.04 Release – Five Unique Features
|
||||
|
||||
#### Optimised for Data-Driven Solutions
|
||||
|
||||
Data analysis and processing are the core of every business today. And to do that, you need enormous computing power. Ubuntu 22.04 LTS brings out of the box [NVIDIA virtual GPU (vGPU)][3] driver support. That means you can take advantage of NVIDIA virtual GPU software, enabling you to use GPU computing power in virtual machines shared from physical GPU servers.
|
||||
|
||||
Not only that, if your business relies on SQL Servers, Ubuntu LTS for Azure brings SQL Server for Ubuntu which is backed by “Micro$oft” providing optimised performance and scalability.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Improved Active Directory Integration
|
||||
|
||||
Furthermore, Many businesses deploy Ubuntu in multiple workstations for the entire enterprise users. And it is important to deploy workstation policies to monitor and control user access and various business-critical controls.
|
||||
|
||||
Active Directory, which enables the policy-based workstation administration (introduced in Ubuntu 20.04), is further improved in this release. In addition to that, this release brings [ADsys][4] client, which helps to remotely manage the group policy, privilege escalation and remote script execution via command line. Active Directory also now supports installer integration beginning this release with the Advanced Group Policy object.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Realtime Kernel Support
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, one of the interesting announcements from Canonical during the Ubuntu 22.04 LTS release is the offering “real-time” Kernel option, which is now beta. For telecom and other industries, a low-latency operating system is required for time-sensitive work. So, with that in mind and a vision to penetrate those areas, Ubuntu 22.04 LTS brings a real-time kernel build with PREEMPT_RT patches applied. It is avialble for x86_64 and AArch64 architectures.
|
||||
|
||||
However, the [patch][5] is not in mainline Kernel yet and hopefully, and it will be streamlined soon.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Latest Apps, Packages and Drivers
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the above changes, this release also brings a vast list of package and toolchain upgrades. For example, this release brings multiple Linux Kernel types based on usage, such as Ubuntu desktop can opt into [Kernel 5.17][6], whereas the hardware enablement Kernel remains 5.15.
|
||||
|
||||
[][7]
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO: 10 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu 22.04 [With Bonus Tip]
|
||||
|
||||
Not only that, Ubuntu Server features long-term-support [Kernel 5.15][8], while the Ubuntu Cloud images have the option to use a more optimised Kernel in collaboration with cloud providers.
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, if you are an NVIDIA user, it is worth knowing that Linux-restricted modules of NVIDIA drivers on ARM64 are now available (already available in x86_64). You can use the [ubuntu-drivers][9] program to install and configure NVIDIA drivers.
|
||||
|
||||
A complete operating system works flawlessly because of core modules and subsystems. So, with that in mind, Ubuntu 22.04 LTS upgraded all of them carefully to cater for this great release. Here’s a brief.
|
||||
|
||||
* GCC 11.2.0
|
||||
* binutils 2.38
|
||||
* glibc 2.35
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Python 3.10.4
|
||||
* Perl 5.34.0
|
||||
* LLVM 14
|
||||
* golang 1.18
|
||||
* rustc 1.58
|
||||
* OpenJDK 11 (option to use OpenJDK 18)
|
||||
* Ruby 3.0
|
||||
* PHP 8.1.2Apache 2.4.52
|
||||
* PostgreSQL 14.2
|
||||
* Django 3.2.12
|
||||
* MySQL 8.0
|
||||
* Updated NFS and Samba Server
|
||||
* Systemd 249.11
|
||||
* OpenSSL 3.0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* qemu 6.2.0
|
||||
* libvirt 8.0.0
|
||||
* virt-manager 4.0.0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Performance Boost
|
||||
|
||||
But that’s not all. Thanks to some long-pending updates, you should experience a much faster Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish experience, which eventually lands in this release.
|
||||
|
||||
Firstly, the long-pending [Tripple buffering code][10] for GNOME desktop lands. The Tripple buffering is enabled automatically when the prior frame buffering lags behind, and it yields a much faster desktop performance in Intel and Raspberry Pi drivers. Not only that, but the code also monitors the last frame so that the system doesn’t run into excess buffering situations.
|
||||
|
||||
Secondly, improved power management that works at runtime for AMD and NVIDIA GPUs will help laptop users.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, Wayland is now the default display server for most systems except for NVIDIA GPU hardware which defaults to X11. Wayland gives you a much faster desktop experience across applications, including web browsers.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, the customised GNOME 42 and its [unique features][11] such as balanced and power saver power profiles gives more advantage to heavy laptop users. Also, the new accent colour with a light/dark look and GTK4/libadwaita port of selected GNOME modules is just an addon to this epic Ubuntu 22.04 LTS release.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
To conclude, I believe this is one of the best LTS releases that Canonical shipped in terms of all the above under the hood changes and many others.
|
||||
|
||||
We hope it is well received and remains stable in the coming days.
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][12], [Twitter][13], [YouTube][14], and [Facebook][15] and never miss an update!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-release-unique-feature/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-22.04-LTS-Desktop-GNOME-1024x580.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://docs.nvidia.com/grid/latest/grid-vgpu-release-notes-ubuntu/index.html
|
||||
[4]: https://github.com/ubuntu/adsys
|
||||
[5]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rt/linux-stable-rt.git/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/linux-kernel-5-17/
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/10-things-to-do-ubuntu-22-04-after-install/
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-kernel-5-15/
|
||||
[9]: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntu-drivers-common
|
||||
[10]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/mutter/-/merge_requests/1441
|
||||
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/gnome-42-release/
|
||||
[12]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[13]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[14]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[15]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How to Upgrade to Pop OS 22.04 LTS from 21.10 [Step by Step]"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/upgrade-pop-os-22-04-from-21-10/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
How to Upgrade to Pop OS 22.04 LTS from 21.10 [Step by Step]
|
||||
======
|
||||
WE GIVE YOU EASY STEPS TO UPGRADE TO POP OS 22.04 LTS FROM POP OS 21.10.
|
||||
System76 [released][1] the Pop OS 22.04 LTS following [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][2], which brings some exciting features. Pop OS 22.04 LTS is a long-term support release from System76 that brings automatic scheduling updates, customised GNOME 42, underlying performance improvements, and [many other features][3].
|
||||
|
||||
You must be excited to experience Pop OS 22.04 and planning to upgrade. Here we give you the steps to upgrade to Pop OS 22.04 LTS.
|
||||
|
||||
: You can not upgrade from Pop OS 20.04 to Pop OS 22.04. First, you need to upgrade to Pop OS 21.10 and follow the steps outlined here to upgrade to this release.
|
||||
|
||||
### Upgrade to Pop OS 22.04 from Pop OS 21.10
|
||||
|
||||
#### Before Upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
Pop OS upgrade process is relatively stable. Because as per our [last article on updates][4], many users faced upgrade issues. But if you are running Pop OS with NVIDIA hardware, I recommend you take backups.
|
||||
|
||||
* Make sure your system is up to date. You can use the Pop Shop application and check for updates. Alternatively, you can open a terminal prompt and run the following for upgrades.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* After the update is complete with the above steps, reboot your system.
|
||||
* Take backups to your documents, photos, videos or any document to separate disk partition or in a USB drive.
|
||||
* Disable all GNOME extensions before upgrading. Many extensions are in the process of migrating to GNOME 42. Hence, it would be best if you disabled all of them before upgrading and later enabled them.
|
||||
* Note down all the external software sources or PPA you may have added because they may not be compatible with the “jammy” branch. You may need to verify them after the upgrade.
|
||||
* Close all the running applications.
|
||||
* Finally, make sure you have some time in hand and a stable internet connection for the upgrade to finish.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[][5]
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO: How to Upgrade to Pop OS 21.04 from 20.10 [Step by Step]
|
||||
|
||||
### Upgrade Steps for Pop OS 22.04 LTS
|
||||
|
||||
#### GUI Method
|
||||
|
||||
If you are running Pop OS 21.10, you should see a prompt like the below if your system is updated.
|
||||
|
||||
![Pop OS 22.04 Upgrade Prompt][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, you can open Settings and visit OS Upgrade and Recovery tab. Here you should see that update is available.
|
||||
|
||||
![Pop OS 22.04 Upgrade Prompt in Settings][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Click Download to start the upgrade process.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Terminal Method to Upgrade to Pop OS 22.04 LTS
|
||||
|
||||
* Open a terminal and run the following commands.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt update
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt full-upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* This ensures your system is up-to-date before the upgrade process begins. You may ignore this step if you have already completed this as part of the pre-upgrade steps described above.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Update the recovery partition using the below command and wait for it to be finished. This is only applicable for UEFI installs.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
pop-upgrade recovery upgrade from-release
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* Now start the upgrade process using the following:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
pop-upgrade release upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![Start the upgrade process][8]
|
||||
|
||||
* Firstly, the upgrade will start the download of the packages. As of our test, around 1600+ packages need downloading. Hence you should wait until it finishes.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Secondly, once the download is complete, the upgrader will prompt you for the reboot.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![Ready for upgrade][9]
|
||||
|
||||
* Pop OS would start installing the latest packages to your system after the reboot.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Finally, the download process takes about an hour, so wait for it to be finished. I would not recommend stopping the upgrade mid-way as it may lead to an unstable system.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![Pop OS 22.04 LTS Desktop][10]
|
||||
|
||||
* After the upgrade is complete, enjoy the brand new Pop OS 22.04 LTS.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][11], [Twitter][12], [YouTube][13], and [Facebook][14] and never miss an update!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/upgrade-pop-os-22-04-from-21-10/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://blog.system76.com/post/682519660741148672/popos-2204-lts-has-landed
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/pop-os-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/upgrade-pop-os-21-10-from-21-04/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/upgrade-pop-os-21-04-from-20-10/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Pop-OS-22.04-Upgrade-Prompt-1024x200.jpg
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Pop-OS-22.04-Upgrade-Prompt-in-Settings.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Start-the-upgrade-process.jpg
|
||||
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ready-for-upgrade-1024x323.jpg
|
||||
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Pop-OS-22.04-LTS-Desktop-1024x641.jpg
|
||||
[11]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[12]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[13]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[14]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/mastodon-clients-linux/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
5 Best Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
ARE YOU PLANNING TO LEAVE TWITTER AND JOIN MASTODON? USE THESE FREE AND
|
||||
OPEN-SOURCE MASTODON CLIENTS FOR YOUR LINUX DESKTOP.
|
||||
[Mastodon][1] is a free and open-source microblogging platform similar to Twitter. It is designed as a decentralised platform that can communicate with other Fediverse protocols such as GNU Social and Pleroma. With the recent news stories about Twitter, many users are trying Mastodon and migrating to the platform.
|
||||
|
||||
With that in mind, we give you a list of free Mastodon clients for Linux desktops as well as Windows and macOS in this post.
|
||||
|
||||
### Top 5 Mastodon Clients for Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Tootle
|
||||
|
||||
Perhaps the best on this list is the GNOME App Tootle. Tootle is a super-fast Mastodon client for Linux desktops written in GTK. It comes with a clean and native interface that you can use while using Mastodon. With this app, you can easily browse posts, view feeds, have a customised home page and follow accounts. In addition to that, dedicated tabs gives you options to quickly jump between your home page, notifications, mentions and federated feed.
|
||||
|
||||
Tootle is actively developed, and it is an official GNOME Circle app. And we featured it in our [GNOME Apps series (#5)][2].
|
||||
|
||||
![Tootle][3]
|
||||
|
||||
The easiest way to install Tootle is using Flatpak in any Linux distribution. Setup your system using this [guide for Flatpa][4]k (if not done yet) and hit the below link to install.
|
||||
|
||||
[Install Tootle][5]
|
||||
|
||||
* [Source Code][6]
|
||||
* [Home page][7]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Tokodon
|
||||
|
||||
The Tokodon is another Mastodon client which brings a little different user interface to access this social platform. Its part of KDE Applications and built primarily using C++. It gives you an excellent clean user interface with a basic home page view. On top of that, you can browse local accounts to your mastodon server and the global ones. The bottom navigation gives easy access to all the Mastodon sections.
|
||||
|
||||
![Tokodon Mastodon Client for Linux][8]
|
||||
|
||||
The easiest way to install Tokodon is using Flatpak in any Linux distribution. Setup your system using this [guide for Flatpa][4]k (if not done yet) and hit the below link to install.
|
||||
|
||||
[Install Tokodon via Flathub][9]
|
||||
|
||||
**Tokodon**
|
||||
|
||||
* [Source code][10]
|
||||
* [Home page][11]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Sengi
|
||||
|
||||
Among this list, Sengi is most likely the versatile Mastodon client for Linux desktops. It comes with usual features such as notification, account view and follows features. On top of that, it brings Tweetdeck styled live interface with the timeline.
|
||||
|
||||
Sengi is perfect for heavy Mastodon users who want to manage multiple accounts and timelines. You can even set up and Twitter bridge as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Furthermore, you should note that it is designed with web technology and packaged as desktop applications. Finally, it is available for Linux, macOS and Windows as well.
|
||||
|
||||
![Sengi Mastodon Client | Image Credit: Sengi][12]
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, installing Sengi is very easy because the developer provides all types of executables, including native deb and AppImage. You can grab the .deb or .appimage file from the below link in addition to the windows and Mac executables.
|
||||
|
||||
[Download Sengi][13]
|
||||
|
||||
* [Source code][14]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[][15]
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO: 10 Necessary Apps to Improve Your GNOME Desktop Experience [Part 4]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Whalebird
|
||||
|
||||
Whalebird is another free and open-source Mastodon client built using Electron. Moreover, this web-based application is feature-rich and is the most stable Mastodon client. Using Whalebird, you can manage multiple accounts and monitor multiple timelines. In addition to that, you can also create a custom timeline to follow your favourite hashtags with a simple chronological workspace view.
|
||||
|
||||
![Whalebird Mastodon Client | Image Credit: Whalebird][16]
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, installing Whalebird is easy because it comes with an AppImage executable for Linux. Also, it provides the exe and dmg file for other OSes, which you can grab using the below link.
|
||||
|
||||
[Download Whalebird][17]
|
||||
|
||||
* [Source code][18]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. TheDesk
|
||||
|
||||
The fifth Mastodon client for Linux and other OSes we would like to feature is TheDesk. It is perhaps the most feature-rich client with a vast list of features. Its workflow is similar to Hootsuite and Tweetdeck for heavy social media monitoring and usage. You can customise it to follow a particular user, hashtags with options to create multiple timeline views.
|
||||
|
||||
But it might not be a stable client and may contain bugs. But you can still try it out.
|
||||
|
||||
Installing is made easy by its developer with app image, deb, snap and exe files available on GitHub for its releases. You can grab them here.
|
||||
|
||||
Download TheDesk
|
||||
|
||||
* [Source code][19]
|
||||
* [Home page][20]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Other Options to access Mastodon
|
||||
|
||||
#### Mastodon Web
|
||||
|
||||
If you are reluctant to install another app, you can use the web version of your choice or favourite pod. You can register for a new account using the below link and connect via the web.
|
||||
|
||||
<https://joinmastodon.org/>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Tusky
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, if you are an Android mobile phone user, you can try Tusky. It is a fine and superfast Mastodon client available for Android with many features. You can [download it from Google Play Store here][21]. You can also [get the F-Droid version][22] of this app for Linux Phones.
|
||||
|
||||
### Closing Notes
|
||||
|
||||
Wrapping up the list of Mastodon clients for Linux, I hope you get to choose your favourite for your Linux distribution or mobile from the above list. Also, you can always use the Mastodon web for easy access.
|
||||
|
||||
**Finally, don’t forget to follow us on our official Mastodon page using the link below.**
|
||||
|
||||
*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][23], [Twitter][24], [YouTube][25], and [Facebook][26] and never miss an update!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/mastodon-clients-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://joinmastodon.org/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/best-gnome-apps-part-5/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Tootle.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://flatpak.org/setup/
|
||||
[5]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.bleakgrey.tootle.flatpakref
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/bleakgrey/tootle
|
||||
[7]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/com.github.bleakgrey.tootle/
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Tokodon-Mastodon-Client-for-Linux.jpg
|
||||
[9]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.kde.tokodon.flatpakref
|
||||
[10]: https://invent.kde.org/network/tokodon
|
||||
[11]: https://apps.kde.org/tokodon/
|
||||
[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Sengi-Mastodon-Client.jpg
|
||||
[13]: https://github.com/NicolasConstant/sengi/releases
|
||||
[14]: https://nicolasconstant.github.io/sengi/
|
||||
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/best-gnome-apps-part-4/
|
||||
[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Whalebird-Mastodon-Client-1024x642.jpg
|
||||
[17]: https://github.com/h3poteto/whalebird-desktop/releases
|
||||
[18]: https://github.com/h3poteto/whalebird-desktop
|
||||
[19]: https://github.com/cutls/TheDesk
|
||||
[20]: https://thedesk.top/en/
|
||||
[21]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.keylesspalace.tusky&hl=en_IN&gl=US
|
||||
[22]: https://tusky.app/
|
||||
[23]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[24]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[25]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[26]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Hands on With GNOME’s New Text Editor for Linux Users"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/gnome-text-editor/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Hands on With GNOME’s New Text Editor for Linux Users
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
If you are a regular reader here on It’s FOSS, you might have read about [GNOME’s plan to replace Gedit with their own text editor][1].
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, GNOME has a brand-new text editor and it is called, well, Text Editor.
|
||||
|
||||
While Gedit is still the default, this new editor has made an entry with the release of GNOME 42. I am using Ubuntu 22.04 and it is available to install from the repositories.
|
||||
|
||||
Not exactly a brand-new [feature of Ubuntu 22.04][2], this new editor is available to install in the latest Ubuntu LTS version and perhaps other distributions using GNOME 42.
|
||||
|
||||
Intrigued? Let me share my experience with this new editor and then I’ll show you the installation steps.
|
||||
|
||||
### Experience with GNOME Text Editor
|
||||
|
||||
Built on top of the [controversial libadwaita][3], GNOME Text Editor follows the new design principles set by its development committee. It has a sleek, modern look with rounded corners.
|
||||
|
||||
Don’t expect anything extraordinary here in terms of features. It’s not a replacement of coding focused editors like [Atom or VS Code][4]. This also doesn’t mean it’s as plain and simple as Windows’ Notepad.
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s see what it has to offer.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Saved sessions
|
||||
|
||||
By default, GNOME Text Editor automatically opens the last opened files. This is a neat feature that lets you resume your work.
|
||||
|
||||
This behavior can be controlled by the Restore Session option under Preferences.
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
You can also search and open the recently opened files. Clearing the history (as shown in the above image) will clear the recently accessed files.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes and in-built themes
|
||||
|
||||
Like new GNOME applications, it gives you three theming style to choose from: system theme, light theme and dark theme. If you have chosen system theme, the editor will automatically switch between light and dark theme based on the system theme (light or dark) in use.
|
||||
|
||||
![System theme option gnome text editor][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Apart from that, you can choose between eight available themes (available in dark and light variants) under the preference section.
|
||||
|
||||
![Theme options under preference][7]
|
||||
|
||||
You can see the changes immediately as you select the themes.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Changes and Unsaved file handling
|
||||
|
||||
Modified and unsaved files are prominently reflected while you work on them.
|
||||
|
||||
![Unsaved files are more prominently marked][8]
|
||||
|
||||
You’ll obviously be warned if you try to close the editor with modified files.
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
There is no automatic save options here. [Gedit has option for automatically saving files][10] without using any additional plugins.
|
||||
|
||||
#### No plugins
|
||||
|
||||
Speaking of plugins, there is no such system for the new text Editor yet. Gedit has a decent plugin ecosystems that helps in enhancing the capacity of the editor.
|
||||
|
||||
I don’t have any concrete information if plugins will be allowed in this editor in the future or not.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Syntax highlighting
|
||||
|
||||
Syntax highlight is an integral part of text editors these days. GNOME Text Editor promptly highlights syntax for various programming language.
|
||||
|
||||
This is usually done based on the extension of the code file. However, I noticed that it also detects and highlights syntax for bash scripts and C/C++ programs even before saving the file.
|
||||
|
||||
![Bash scripts. C/C++ code are detected even without file extension][11]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Keyboard shortcuts
|
||||
|
||||
I love using keyboard shortcuts in my favorite applications. It makes things quicker.
|
||||
|
||||
The GNOME Text Editor supports plenty of keyboard shortcuts for all kind of actions. You can find the list of keyboard shortcuts under the hamburger menu (☰) or use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+?.
|
||||
|
||||
![Keyboard shortcuts in GNOME Text Editor][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Search and replace
|
||||
|
||||
Text Editor has pretty decent find and replace feature. You can use set extra parameters like regex search, case-sensitive search or match exact words.
|
||||
|
||||
![search replace gnome text editor][13]
|
||||
|
||||
#### More features
|
||||
|
||||
There are several other features that you may find in Gedit:
|
||||
|
||||
* Spell check
|
||||
* Line numbers
|
||||
* Automatic indentation
|
||||
* Space/tab indentation
|
||||
* Change case
|
||||
* Text wrapping
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### What it doesn’t do?
|
||||
|
||||
It is essentially a text editor, so you cannot open doc files in it and that’s by design. If you open a doc file, you’ll see gibberish. The same goes for PDF files.
|
||||
|
||||
![][14]
|
||||
|
||||
Also, it is not intended for hardcore coding. It cannot replace the likes of VS Code. It is okay for occasional code reading or shell scripting but it doesn’t have the features like project folders or running the codes.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing GNOME Text Editor
|
||||
|
||||
As stated earlier, it is available with GNOME 42, but not installed by default. In Ubuntu 22.04, it is available in the Universe repository and can be installed with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt install gnome-text-editor
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It should be available in other distros with GNOME 42. Please [check the version of desktop environment][15] you are using.
|
||||
|
||||
Once installed, you can search and open it in the Activities area. The icon for the new editor is a refreshed version of the Gedit icon.
|
||||
|
||||
![][16]
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
The good old [Gedit][17] has been a part of GNOME for a long time. There were lack of development a few years ago but the development has resumed again. However, the GNOME team is working on revamping their core applications for GTK 4 and libadwaita.
|
||||
|
||||
This new Text Editor looks like a reimplementation of the Gedit with similar interface and feature but a more fluid experience which is more consistent with the new GNOME design.
|
||||
|
||||
It won’t surprise me that this new editor becomes the default text editor in the coming version of GNOME. It would be interesting to see if a plugin ecosystem is developed for the new editor or not.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-text-editor/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-text-editor-to-replace-gedit/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-release-features/
|
||||
[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-libadwaita-library/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/visual-studio-code-vs-atom/
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/restore-session-option-gnome-text-editor-1.png
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/system-theme-option-gnome-text-editor-800x560.png
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/theme-options-gnome-text-editor.png
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/unsaved-file-gnome-text-editor-800x481.png
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/save-prompt-gnome-text-editor.png
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-enable-auto-save-feature-in-gedit/
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/syntax-highlight-gnome-text-editor.png
|
||||
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/keyboard-shortcuts-gnome-text-editor-800x637.png
|
||||
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/search-replace-gnome-text-editor-800x477.png
|
||||
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/doc-in-gnome-text-editor-800x485.png
|
||||
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/find-desktop-environment/
|
||||
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/new-gnome-text-editor.png
|
||||
[17]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Gedit
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How to Build a Career in Open Source"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/04/how-to-build-a-career-in-open-source/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Navendu Pottekkat https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/navendu-pottekkat/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
如何把开源作为一份职业
|
||||
======
|
||||
你是否对开源充满热情，却不知道如何在这个领域开始一段职业生涯？那么，这篇文章就是为你准备的。
|
||||
|
||||
![目标-成就-团队-业务-概念][1]
|
||||
|
||||
你知道吗？80% 的维护者认为招募新的贡献者是一个挑战，92% 的雇主认为很难雇用到开源人才。而另一方面，52% 的开发者希望为开源做出贡献，33% 的人不知道从哪里开始，31% 的人认为自己不够熟练。公共数据显示，社会对具有开源技能的人有很大的需求。因此，让我们看看如何才能够把开源作为一份职业，以填补这个供需之间的差距吧！
|
||||
|
||||
### 掌握一个技能
|
||||
|
||||
开源旅程的起点仅仅是你擅长的某个技能罢了。许多开发者会在空闲时间从事开源工作，他们投入精力到自己非专业的技能上，并把这些技能引入到技术领域里来。像机器学习（ML）、云原生和大数据分析这样的技能是很受欢迎的，因为许多项目都围绕着它们而进行。
|
||||
|
||||
开发者必须不断尝试，直到找到自己感兴趣的东西为止。例如，当我开始在开源领域工作时，我选择了移动用户界面（UI）和 Web 开发（包括前端和后端）方面的工作。这个选择并不简单，我花了很多时间来弄清楚我想从事什么。因此，重要的是要遵循你的兴趣，通过学习和建立项目来探索不同的领域。很多时候，理论教程可能不如建立实际项目更有帮助。掌握技能的唯一方法是将所学的东西应用到实际项目中。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你已经在某项技术和项目上投入了很长时间，那么你应该花时间好好分析一下。如果你对这个项目不感兴趣，那么放弃它可能是更好的选择。然而，这也可能是一把双刃剑。有可能你会发现一些感兴趣的东西，从而产生一个新的权衡。如果经过了充分的分析，你也知道了自己倾向于哪些技能组合，那么下一步就是建立自己的项目。
|
||||
|
||||
### 建立一个项目
|
||||
|
||||
无论项目的内容如何，只要它是活跃的，就会产生很大的价值。但请记住，一旦它开源了，你千万不要被大家的反应所左右。并且记住，无论你是为一个应用程序建立一个 UI，还是仅仅记录一个适当的注释、资源或 URL 的列表，你的工作都可以对开源用户有很大帮助。
|
||||
|
||||
在很大程度上，学习不同的工具有助于建立开源项目。因此，学习关于版本控制系统、Git、GitHub 和 GitLab（大多数项目都在它们上面）的一切是很重要的。由于互联网上已经有足够的教程，我只收集了一些可以在 *navendu.me/osidays.* 上找到的。你需要通过撰写文档和公开自己学到的内容，来“公开学习”才行。
|
||||
|
||||
### 打造一份职业
|
||||
|
||||
你可以通过三种方式在开源领域建立一个职业。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 构建、扩展你自己的开源项目，并让它盈利
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要建立一个自己的项目，发现并解决问题是一个很好的经验法则。记下别人可能面临的问题，一个项目需求就这样产生了。你的项目的市场规模只能通过试验和错误来估计。对于既没有太多资金的、也没有太多经验个人贡献者来说，社交媒体、博客、帖子和会议上的谈话，都会在很大程度上有助于接触到用户。这些平台可以为你的开源项目带来巨大的流量。
|
||||
|
||||
资金在几乎所有的商业模式中都起着重要作用。Mozilla 基金会依靠自愿捐款来资助其项目。MariaDB 采用了延迟开放源代码的商业模式。IBM 的许多开源项目遵循开放核心的商业模式，即项目的核心部分是开源的，而周围的附加部分是闭源的和专有的。红帽公司不出售代码，而是出售专业服务，如支持、工具和围绕项目的技术援助。这些商业模式的例子可以被采用，以此来建立一个项目，将它开源，并使其盈利。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在一个以开源商业模式建立项目的公司工作
|
||||
|
||||
作为贡献者和维护者社区的一份子，参与会谈和参加会议将有助于你为项目做出贡献。你可以根据引导来完成第一次贡献，但它不一定得是代码。一个大的代码库可能看起来很吓人，但关键是要从小的地方着手。找到一个问题并解决它，这将有助于你了解贡献流程、代码库和项目设置等。
|
||||
|
||||
非代码的贡献也是有价值的。擅长写作的人可以通过撰写文档，或者为社交媒体写作来贡献。擅长设计的人，可以设计一个惯例，一个颜色方案，或者也可以致力于创造一个更好的用户界面。与高级工程师相比，新人发现错误的概率很高。他们可以测试、确认并报告他们的用户体验，从而提升项目质量。另一个领域是新手引导，很多开源项目将导师和新手联系起来，并帮助后者做出重要贡献。还有一个选择是成为组织者或社区管理员，这意味着你将承担起项目经理的角色，确保功能完全按照预期交付，路线图被遵循，贡献者得到照顾。大多数开源项目缺乏适当的管理，因为工程师们都不喜欢做这一类工作。
|
||||
|
||||
社会上有很多实习项目可以帮助你赚钱，比如谷歌的编程之夏（GSoC）和 Linux 基金会的导师制（在这里，被指导者有津贴，可以根据需要全职或兼职工作）。如果你能很好地发展你的技能，你可以在你实习的公司获得一个全职的职位。例如，如果你在红帽公司的一个项目中工作，你有机会被全职雇用，因为你在那里已经有了知名度。
|
||||
|
||||
正如 NumPy、SciPy 和 Anaconda 的作者 Travis Oliphant 所说，“建立一个开源项目，让人们为它做出贡献，然后从他们当中招聘。” —— 这也是我获得全职工作的方式。
|
||||
|
||||
* 随着时间的推移，你所做贡献的质量和数量会不断提升。最好长期参与一个项目，因为这样可以发现更多的贡献领域。投身进去做贡献会让人们注意到并认可你。
|
||||
* 开源项目缺乏项目经理，因此成为项目经理将有助于你的职业生涯。
|
||||
* 成为一个维护者，做一些工程师应该做的事情，如审阅代码、设计系统、撰写文档和帮助他人做出贡献。
|
||||
* 好的贡献的关键是“提前付出”，这意味着你需要通过分享经验和智慧来帮助新人，并确保他们不犯错误。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 获得赞助以从事开源工作
|
||||
|
||||
作为个人，如果你正在为某个公司建立的项目而工作，你可以要求获得资助。值得注意的是，只有当你的贡献很大时，组织才会乐意赞助你。但是，如果你建立了自己的项目，并且有大量的用户群，你可以向用户要求资助。
|
||||
|
||||
作为一个组织，你可以通过像 Open Collective、Patreon 和 GitHub Sponsors 这样的平台来筹集资金，让人们为你的项目捐款。像 Linux 基金会和 Mozilla 基金会这样的开源巨头也提供资金来支持项目。GitHub 已经给 15 个印度贡献者的项目提供了资助。
|
||||
|
||||
我曾经花了三个月时间建立了一个开源项目。这个项目后来被 Product Hunt 和 JS 周刊报道，还在上过 GitHub 趋势榜排名第一的位置。正是这个项目让我走上了开源事业的道路。
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 Sharon Abhignya Katta 转录并策划
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/04/how-to-build-a-career-in-open-source/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Navendu Pottekkat][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/navendu-pottekkat/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Target-Achievement-and-Teamwork-Business-Concept-696x607.jpg
|
||||
@@ -7,36 +7,36 @@
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/1/testcloud-virtual-machines)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Sumantro Mukherjee https://opensource.com/users/sumantro)
|
||||
|
||||
Automate setup and delivery for virtual machines in the cloud
|
||||
在云上自动化设置和交付虚拟机
|
||||
======
|
||||
Get a cloud image ready in minutes by using Testcloud to automate the
|
||||
setup process and deliver a VM ready to run.
|
||||
在几分钟之内准备好一个云镜像，通过使用 Testcloud 自动化设置过程并交付一个准备运行的虚拟机。
|
||||
|
||||
![Looking at a map][1]
|
||||
|
||||
If you're a developer or hobbyist using a Fedora [qcow2 image][2] for the cloud, you always have to do a bunch of initial configuration before an image is ready to use. I know this all too well, and I was eager to find a way to make the setup process simpler. As it happens, the entire Fedora quality assurance team feels the same way, so we developed [Testcloud][3].
|
||||
如果你是一个在云上使用 Fedora [qcow2 镜像][2] 的开发者或者爱好者，在一个镜像准备使用之前，你总是不得不做一大堆初始化设置。我太清楚了，并且我渴望找到一种使设置过程更加简单的方法。碰巧，整个 Fedora 质量保证团队有同感，所以我们开发了 [Testcloud][3] 。
|
||||
|
||||
Testcloud is a tool that makes it easy to get a cloud image ready for testing in minutes. It automates the setup process and delivers a virtual machine (VM) ready to run on the cloud with just a few commands.
|
||||
Testcloud 是一个轻松的在几分钟之内准备云镜像测试的工具。它用几个命令在云上自动化设置并交付准备运行的虚拟机 (VM) 。
|
||||
|
||||
Testcloud:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Downloads the qcow2 image
|
||||
2. Creates the instance with the name of your choice
|
||||
3. Creates a user named `fedora` with the password of `passw0rd`
|
||||
4. Assigns an IP, which you can later use to secure shell (SSH) into the cloud
|
||||
5. Starts, stops, removes, and lists an instance
|
||||
1. 下载 qcow2 镜像
|
||||
2. 用你选择的名称创建实例
|
||||
3. 创建一个密码为 `passw0rd` ，用户名为 `fedora` 的用户
|
||||
4. 分配一个 IP 地址，以便于你之后用安全 shell (SSH) 登录到云上。
|
||||
5. 启动， 停止，删除和列出一个实例
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Testcloud
|
||||
### 安装 Testcloud
|
||||
|
||||
To start your journey, you first must install the Testcloud package. You can install it from a terminal or through the software application. In both cases, the package name is `testcloud`. Install with:
|
||||
要开始你的过程，首先你必须安装 Testcloud 软件包。你可以通过终端或者软件程序来安装它。在这两种情况下，软件包的名字都是 `testcloud` 。用以下命令安装：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ sudo dnf install testcloud -y`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once the installation is complete, add your desired user to the `testcloud` group, which helps Testcloud automate the rest of the process. Execute these two commands to add your user to the `testcloud` group and restart the session with the updated group privileges:
|
||||
一旦安装完成，添加你要添加的用户到 `testcloud` 用户组，协助 Testcloud 完成设置过程的剩余部分。执行这两个命令添加你的用户到 `testcloud` 用户组，并通过提升组权限重启会话：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
@@ -44,28 +44,26 @@ $ sudo usermod -a -G testcloud $USER
|
||||
$ su - $USER
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![Add user to testcloud group][4]
|
||||
![添加用户到 testcloud 组][4]
|
||||
|
||||
(Sumantro Mukherjee, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
|
||||
|
||||
### Spin cloud images like a pro
|
||||
|
||||
Once your user has the required group permissions, create an instance:
|
||||
### 像老手一样玩转云镜像
|
||||
|
||||
一旦你的用户获得了组权限，创建一个实例：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ testcloud instance create <instance name> -u <url for qcow2 image>`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, you can use `fedora:latest/fedora:XX` (where `XX` is your Fedora release) instead of the full URL:
|
||||
或者，你可以使用 `fedora:latest/fedora:XX` ( `XX` 是你的 Fedora 发行版本) 来代替 URL 完成地址：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ testcloud instance create <instance name> -u fedora:latest`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This returns the IP address of your VM:
|
||||
|
||||
这将返回你的 VM 的 IP 地址：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ testcloud instance create testcloud272593 -u <https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/33/Cloud/x86\_64/images/Fedora-Cloud-Base-33-1.2.x86\_64.qcow2>
|
||||
@@ -78,10 +76,9 @@ ssh fedora@192.168.122.202
|
||||
\------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can log in as the default user `fedora` with the password `passw0rd` (note the zero). You can get to the VM with `ssh`, `virt-manager`, or any other method that supports connecting to libvirt machines.
|
||||
|
||||
Another simple way to create a Fedora cloud is:
|
||||
你可以使用密码为 `passw0rd` (注意这个 0 ) 用户名为 `fedora` 的默认用户来登录。你可以使用 `ssh` 协议登录到 VM ，<ruby>`virt-manager`<rt>虚拟机管理器</rt></ruby> ，或者支持连接到 libvirt 虚拟机的其他方式。
|
||||
|
||||
另一种创建 Fedora 云的方式是：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ testcloud instance create testcloud193 -u fedora:33
|
||||
@@ -103,11 +100,11 @@ ssh fedora@192.168.122.225
|
||||
\------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Play with instances
|
||||
### 玩转实例
|
||||
|
||||
Testcloud can be used to administer instances. This includes activities such as listing images or stopping and starting an instance.
|
||||
Testcloud 可以用来管理实例。这包括像列出镜像或者停止和启动一个实例等活动。
|
||||
|
||||
To list instances, use the `list` subcommand:
|
||||
要列出实例，使用 `list` 子命令：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
@@ -120,7 +117,7 @@ testcloud252793 192.168.122.146 shutoff
|
||||
testcloud93 192.168.122.152 shutoff
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To stop a running instance:
|
||||
要停止一个运行的实例：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
@@ -129,7 +126,7 @@ DEBUG:stop instance: testcloud193
|
||||
DEBUG:stopping instance testcloud193.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To remove an instance:
|
||||
要删除一个实例：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
@@ -140,7 +137,7 @@ DEBUG:Unregistering instance from libvirt.
|
||||
DEBUG:removing instance /var/lib/testcloud/instances/testcloud193 from disk
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To reboot a running instance:
|
||||
要重启一个运行中的实例：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
@@ -152,7 +149,7 @@ The IP of vm testcloud93: 192.168.122.152
|
||||
usage: testcloud [-h] {instance,image} ...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Give Testcloud a try and let me know what you think in the comments.
|
||||
尝试一下 Testcloud ，在评论中让我知道你的想法。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -160,7 +157,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/21/1/testcloud-virtual-machines
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sumantro Mukherjee][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Troubleshoot WiFi problems with Go and a Raspberry Pi"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/3/troubleshoot-wifi-go-raspberry-pi"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Chris Collins https://opensource.com/users/clcollins"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Go 和树莓派来解决 WiFi 问题
|
||||
======
|
||||
实现一个 WiFi 扫描仪玩玩～
|
||||
|
||||
![在在门廊上喝茶][1]
|
||||
（图源：opensource.com）
|
||||
|
||||
去年夏天，我和妻子卖掉了我们的全部财产，带着我们的两只狗搬到了夏威夷。这里有我们想象中的一切：美丽的阳光、温暖的沙滩、凉爽的冲浪 —— 你能想到的一切。我们也遇到了一些意料之外的事：WiFi 问题。
|
||||
|
||||
不过，这不是夏威夷的问题，而是我们租住的公寓的问题。我们住在一个单身公寓里，与房东的公寓仅一墙之隔。我们的租房协议中包含了免费的网络连接！好耶！只不过，它是由房东的公寓里的 WiFi 提供的，哇哦……
|
||||
|
||||
说实话，它的效果还不错……吗？好吧，我承认它不尽如人意，我也不知道是哪里出了问题。明明路由器就在墙的另一边，但我们的信号就是很不稳定，经常会自动断开连接。在家的时候，我们的 WiFi 路由器的信号能够穿过层层墙壁和地板。事实上，它所覆盖的区域比我们居住的 600 平方英尺（大约 55 平方米）的公寓还要大。
|
||||
|
||||
在这种情况下，一个优秀的技术人员会怎么做呢？既然想知道为什么，当然是开始调查咯！
|
||||
|
||||
幸运的是，我们在搬家之前卖掉的“全部财产”并不包括树莓派 Zero W。它是如此小! 如此便携! 我当然就把它一起带来了。我有一个机智的想法：使用树莓派和它内置的 WiFi 适配器，用 Go 语言编写一个小程序来测量并显示从路由器收到的 WiFi 信号。我打算先简单快速地把它实现出来，以后再去考虑该如何优化。烦死了！我现在只想知道这个 WiFi 是怎么回事！
|
||||
|
||||
谷歌搜索了一番后，我发现了一个相对有用的 Go 软件包 [mdlayher/wifi][2]，它专门用于 WiFi 相关操作，听起来很有希望！
|
||||
|
||||
### 获取 WiFi 接口的信息
|
||||
|
||||
我的计划是查询 WiFi 接口的统计数据并返回信号强度，所以我需要先找到设备上的接口。幸运的是，mdlayher/wifi 包有一个查询它们的方法，所以我可以创建一个 `main.go` 来实现它，就像下面这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```go
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"github.com/mdlayher/wifi"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
c, err := wifi.New()
|
||||
defer c.Close()
|
||||
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
panic(err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
interfaces, err := c.Interfaces()
|
||||
|
||||
for _, x := range interfaces {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("%+v\n", x)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
让我们来看看上面的代码都做了什么吧！嗯，首先是导入依赖模块，导入后，我就可以使用 mdlayher/wifi 模块就在主函数中创建一个新的客户端（类型为 `*Client`）。接下来，这个新的客户端（变量名为 `c`）就可以获得系统中的接口列表，只需要调用 `c.Interfaces()` 方法即可。接着，我就可以遍历包含接口指针的切片（变长数组），然后打印出它们的具体信息。
|
||||
|
||||
注意到 `%+v` 中有一个 “+” 了吗？它意味着程序会额外打印出 `*Interface` 结构中的属性名，这将有助于我辨认出我看到的东西，而不用回头去看文档。
|
||||
|
||||
运行上面的代码后，我得到了机器上的 WiFi 接口列表：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
&{Index:0 Name: HardwareAddr:5c:5f:67:f3:0a:a7 PHY:0 Device:3 Type:P2P device Frequency:0}
|
||||
&{Index:3 Name:wlp2s0 HardwareAddr:5c:5f:67:f3:0a:a7 PHY:0 Device:1 Type:station Frequency:2412}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
注意，两行输出中的 MAC 地址都是 `HardwareAddr`，这意味着它们是同一个物理硬件。你也可以通过 `PHY: 0` 来确认。根据 Go 的 [wifi 模块文档][3]，`PHY` 指的就是接口所属的物理设备。
|
||||
|
||||
第一个接口没有名字，类型是 `TYPE: P2P`。第二个接口名为 `wpl2s0`，类型是 `TYPE: Station`。Go 的 wifi 模块文档列出了 [不同类型的接口][4]，并描述了它们是什么。根据文档，“<ruby>P2P<rt>点对点传输</rt></ruby>” 类型表示“这个接口是点对点客户端网络中的一个设备”。我认为这个接口是用于 [WiFi 直连][5] 的，这是一个允许两个 WiFi 设备在没有中间接入点的情况下直接连接的标准。
|
||||
|
||||
“<ruby>Station<rt>基站</rt></ruby>” 类型表示“这个接口是带有<ruby>控制接入点<rt>controlling access point</rt></ruby>的客户端设备管理的<ruby>基本服务集（BSS）<rt>basic service set</rt></ruby>的一部分”。这是大多数人所习惯的无线设备标准功能，也就是作为一个客户端来连接到网络接入点。这也是测试 WiFi 质量的重要接口。
|
||||
|
||||
### 利用接口获取基站信息
|
||||
|
||||
利用这个信息，我可以修改遍历接口的代码来获取我正在寻找的信息：
|
||||
|
||||
```go
|
||||
for _, x := range interfaces {
|
||||
if x.Type == wifi.InterfaceTypeStation {
|
||||
// c.StationInfo(x) returns a slice of all
|
||||
// the staton information about the interface
|
||||
info, err := c.StationInfo(x)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("Station err: %s\n", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
for _, x := range info {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("%+v\n", x)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
首先，这段程序检查了 `x.Type`（接口类型）是否为 `wifi.InterfaceTypeStation`，它是一个基站接口（也是本练习中唯一涉及到的类型）。这是一个不幸的命名冲突，因为这个接口“类型”和 Golang 中的“类型”不是一个东西。事实上，我在这里使用了一个叫做 `interfaceType` 的 Go 类型来代表接口类型。呼，我花了一分钟才弄明白！
|
||||
|
||||
然后，假设接口的类型符合预期，我们就可以调用 `c.StationInfo(x)` 来检索基站信息，`StationInfo()` 方法可以获取到关于这个接口 `x` 的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
这将返回一个包含 `*StationInfo` 指针的切片。我不大确定这里为什么要用切片，或许是因为接口可能返回多个 `StationInfo`？不管怎么样，我都可以遍历这个切片，然后使用之前提到的 `+%v` 技巧格式化打印出 `StationInfo` 结构的属性名和属性值。
|
||||
|
||||
运行上面的程序后，我得到了下面的输出：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
&{HardwareAddr:70:5a:9e:71:2e:d4 Connected:17m10s Inactive:1.579s ReceivedBytes:2458563 TransmittedBytes:1295562 ReceivedPackets:6355 TransmittedPackets:6135 ReceiveBitrate:2000000 TransmitBitrate:43300000 Signal:-79 TransmitRetries:2306 TransmitFailed:4 BeaconLoss:2}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我感兴趣的是“<ruby>信号<rt>Signal</rt></ruby>”部分，可能还有“<ruby>传输失败<rt>TransmitFailed</rt></ruby>”和“<ruby>信标丢失<rt>BeaconLoss</rt></ruby>”部分。信号强度是以 dBm（全称 <ruby>decibel-milliwatts<rt>分贝-毫瓦</rt><ruby>）为单位来报告的。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 简短科普：如何读懂 WiFi dBm
|
||||
|
||||
根据 [MetaGeek][6] 的说法：
|
||||
|
||||
* -30 最佳，但它既不现实也没有必要
|
||||
* -67 非常好，它适用于需要可靠数据包传输的应用，例如流媒体
|
||||
* -70 还不错，它是实现可靠数据包传输的底线，适用于电子邮件和网页浏览
|
||||
* -80 很差，只能保持绝对的基本连接，不可靠的数据包传输
|
||||
* -90 不可用，接近“<ruby>噪音底线<rt>noise floor</rt></ruby>”
|
||||
|
||||
*注意：dBm 是对数尺度，-60 比 -30 要低 1000 倍。*
|
||||
|
||||
### 使它成为一个真的“扫描仪”
|
||||
|
||||
所以，看着上面输出显示的我的信号：-79。哇哦，感觉不大好呢。不过单看这个结果并没有太大帮助，它只能提供某个时间点的参考，只对 WiFi 网络适配器在那一瞬间所在的特定物理空间有效。一个连续的读数会更有用，它能使我们有可能看到信号随着树莓派的移动而变化。我可以再次修改主函数来实现这一点。
|
||||
|
||||
```go
|
||||
var i *wifi.Interface
|
||||
|
||||
for _, x := range interfaces {
|
||||
if x.Type == wifi.InterfaceTypeStation {
|
||||
// Loop through the interfaces, and assign the station
|
||||
// to var x
|
||||
// We could hardcode the station by name, or index,
|
||||
// or hardwareaddr, but this is more portable, if less efficient
|
||||
i = x
|
||||
break
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
for {
|
||||
// c.StationInfo(x) returns a slice of all
|
||||
// the staton information about the interface
|
||||
info, err := c.StationInfo(i)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("Station err: %s\n", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
for _, x := range info {
|
||||
fmt.Printf("Signal: %d\n", x.Signal)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
time.Sleep(time.Second)
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
首先，我命名了一个 `wifi.Interface` 类型的变量 `i`。因为它在循环的范围外，所以我可以用它来存储接口信息。循环内创建的任何变量在该循环的范围外都是不可访问的。
|
||||
|
||||
然后，我可以把这个循环一分为二。第一个遍历了 `c.Interfaces()` 返回的接口切片，如果元素是一个 `Station` 类型，它就将其存储在先前创建的变量 `i`中，并跳出循环。
|
||||
|
||||
第二个循环是一个无限循环，所以它将不断地运行，直到我按下 **Ctrl** + **C** 来结束程序。和之前一样，这个循环内部获取接口信息、检索基站信息，并打印出信号信息。然后它会休眠一秒钟，再次运行，反复打印信号信息，直到我退出为止。
|
||||
|
||||
运行上面的程序后，我得到了下面的输出：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[chris@marvin wifi-monitor]$ go run main.go
|
||||
Signal: -81
|
||||
Signal: -81
|
||||
Signal: -79
|
||||
Signal: -81
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
哇哦，感觉不妙。
|
||||
|
||||
### 绘制公寓信号分布图
|
||||
|
||||
不管怎么说，知道这些信息总比不知道要好。让树莓派连接上显示器或者电子墨水屏，并接上电源，我就可以让它在公寓里移动，并绘制出信号死角的位置。
|
||||
|
||||
剧透一下：由于房东的接入点在隔壁的公寓里，对我来说最大的死角是公寓厨房的冰箱那里发射出的一个圆锥体形状区域......这个冰箱与房东的公寓共用一堵墙！
|
||||
|
||||
我想如果用《龙与地下城》里的黑话来说，它就是一个“<ruby>沉默之锥<rt>Cone of Silence</rt></ruby>”。或者至少是一个“<ruby>糟糕的网络连接之锥<rt>Cone of Poor Internet</rt></ruby>”。
|
||||
|
||||
总之，这段代码可以直接在树莓派上运行 `go build -o wifi_scanner` 来编译，得到的二进制文件 `wifi_scanner` 可以与任何其他 ARM 设备（同一版本）共享。另外，它也可以在常规系统上用正确的 ARM 设备库进行编译。
|
||||
|
||||
祝你扫描愉快！希望你的 WiFi 路由器不在你的冰箱后面！你可以在 [我的 GitHub repo][7] 中找到这个项目所用的代码。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/3/troubleshoot-wifi-go-raspberry-pi
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Chris Collins][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/clcollins
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/coffee_tea_selfcare_wfh_porch_520.png
|
||||
[2]: https://github.com/mdlayher/wifi
|
||||
[3]: https://godoc.org/github.com/mdlayher/wifi#Interface
|
||||
[4]: https://godoc.org/github.com/mdlayher/wifi#InterfaceType
|
||||
[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Direct
|
||||
[6]: https://www.metageek.com/training/resources/wifi-signal-strength-basics.html
|
||||
[7]: https://github.com/clcollins/goPiWiFi
|
||||
@@ -1,306 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Getting Started With Markdown [Beginner’s Guide])
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Bill Dyer https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/)
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (hwlife)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
开始使用 Markdown [初学者指南]
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
在我的工作中，我经常要写代码，写与代码相配套的文档，创建网页，进行文本恢复项目，我在学校的时候还写过几篇正式的论文。我也在这写课堂笔记，几乎每节课都写。
|
||||
|
||||
我几乎在我所有的写作中都使用 Markdown,它对我来说是一个节省时间的好工具。
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中，我将分享我使用 Markdown 的体会。你将会了解一下内容：
|
||||
|
||||
* 什么是 Markdown ？
|
||||
* 它是怎么工作的？
|
||||
* Markdown 的基本语法和怎样使用它们。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是 Markdown ？
|
||||
|
||||
假如你是 Markdown 新手，它是一个为网络写手转换文本到 HTML 格式的工具。Markdown 文档按照特定的语法让人容易阅读和写作。它们是纯文本，所以能够通过电脑上的任何文本编辑器来创建。然后这些文档能够转换成网页 —— 网页通过使用一个叫做 HTML 的语言标记而创建。
|
||||
|
||||
Markdown只是一种不必 (即使知道怎么做) 写 HTML 代码就能够创建网页的方式。实际上，如果你不转换成 HTML 的话，Markdown甚至是个纯文本格式化的好方法。有人曾这样对我描述 Markdown ：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> “ 它不是 _你看到的就是你得到的，而是 _你看到的是你想到的_ ”.
|
||||
|
||||
然而，Markdown不只是一个简单的格式化体系，它也是一个纯文本格式转化到 HTML 的一个软件工具。
|
||||
|
||||
这就是为什么语法是重要的了。如果你想在网页上起个标题，Markdown 将会基于你标题前面的字符来创建。Markdown 的一些语法示例如截图所示：
|
||||
|
||||
![Markdown to HTML conversion][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### 所以我怎样才能使纯文本文件转换成 HTML 格式呢?
|
||||
|
||||
John Gruber 的 Markdown 是一个运行在命令行上的 Perl 脚本。也就是说，它可以读取你创建的的 Markdown 文本并用它来构建网页。
|
||||
|
||||
由于有 [许多著名的编辑器][2] 可以为你做这个转换，我在这里尽量避免使用命令行。不止这些，许多编辑器会让你写的文本通过网页实时显示给你看 (被称为 _渲染_) 。
|
||||
|
||||
Markdown 编辑器总的来说设置了两个结构。左边部分是你要写你文本的地方，右边部分是用 HTML 语言显示给你格式化后文本的样子：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![Most Markdown editors have two panes to write and preview the text][3]
|
||||
|
||||
当你用它完成你的写作并喜欢上使用它时，只需简单的保存 Markdown 文件。就像这样，之后一旦你需要编辑和修改的时候，你总是会想起它。文件保存后，你可以用编辑器将 Markdown 文档导出为 HTML 格式的文档。
|
||||
|
||||
编辑器将会创建网页，用你的 Markdown 作为参考。你的 Markdown 文档在导出时不会修改，你仍然可以拥有源文档，同时创建一个独立的，新的 <ruby>HTML<rt>网页</rt></ruby> 文档，你可以把它放到一个网页服务器上。
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**: 许多 Markdown 编辑器也可以将你的 Markdown 文档导出为其他格式，比如 `.doc`, `.docx`, and `.pdf`。之后你可以了解这些高级设置和你可能需要的额外软件。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Markdown 基础语法
|
||||
|
||||
为了让 Markdown 新用户快速了解，我将有限的讲解我经常使用的的语法。我相信这些将是最有帮助的 - 当你了解更多关于 Markdown 能为你做什么之后，可以马上提高你的生产力。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 写标题
|
||||
|
||||
我经常使用 `#` 字符来表示标题。这里有六个等级：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# 一级标题
|
||||
## 二级标题
|
||||
### 三级标题
|
||||
#### 四级标题
|
||||
##### 五级标题
|
||||
###### 六级标题
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
另一种标题类型是在文本下使用下划线。我很少使用这种类型的标题，因为我只限于使用两种。一种是使用 `=`字符表示的双下划线，生成 `H1` 标题。一种是使用 `-` 字符表示的单下划线，生成 `H2` 标题：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
一级标题
|
||||
===============
|
||||
|
||||
二级标题
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 段落
|
||||
|
||||
段落被空行隔开(确保段落之间有一个空行)。首行不要缩进。在 Markdown 里用 <ruby>`<Tab>`<rt>Tab键</rt></ruby> 或者 <ruby>`<spaces>`<rt>空格键</rt></ruby> 缩进有着不懂的目的和作用。
|
||||
|
||||
段落是一个文本块，不应该用空格键和 tab 键来缩进。它可以有一行或者多行。要结束这一段另起一段，点两下 <ruby>`<Enter>`<rt>回车键</rt></ruby> ；段落通过一个空行分开。
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 换行
|
||||
|
||||
记住一个空行将段落分开通过按下两次 <ruby>`<Enter>`<rt>回车键</rt></ruby> 。关于这个 Markdown 是有严格标准的。
|
||||
|
||||
Markdown 不支持 <ruby>“hard-wrapped”<rt>强制插入换行符</rt></ruby> 或者 <ruby>“fixed-line-length”<rt>固定行长度</rt></ruby> 段落。那就是说，单击 <ruby>`<Enter>`<rt>回车键</rt></ruby> 一次将不会强制文本换到新的一行。它可能在编辑窗口显示，但是 HTML 格式下不显示。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，有时你可能需要拆分段落或者换行。Markdown 确实有一种方法可以做到，但是它起先看起来可能有一点陌生：**换行是通过点击两到多个空格键然后点一次 <ruby>`<Enter>`<rt>回车键</rt></ruby> 完成的。**
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一个小节的范例。每行以两个空格结束。最后一行，由于是这个小节的结束，没有额外的空格。因为它是这个小节(段落)的结束，我双击 <ruby>`<Enter>`<rt>回车键</rt></ruby> 两次：
|
||||
|
||||
Baa, baa black sheep,
|
||||
Have you any wool?.
|
||||
Yes, sir. Yes, sir.
|
||||
Three bags full.
|
||||
|
||||
在一行的最后加两个空格，去创建一个换行，可能需要时间去习惯。
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 水平线
|
||||
|
||||
水平线非常适合将文本拆分为多个部分。
|
||||
|
||||
用三个或更多的破折号 `-` ，下划线 `_` ，或者星号 `*` 来做水平线，像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`---`
|
||||
|
||||
`***`
|
||||
|
||||
`___`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你甚至可以在字符之间输入空格：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`- - -`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在文章和报告中我不经常使用水平线，但是在日记账中，系统日志和课堂笔记中对我很有用。
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 用加粗和斜体来强调文本
|
||||
|
||||
当你想让一个单词或者短语脱颖而出，引起注意，你可以让它加粗或者斜体显示。斜体和加粗文本可以在两种方式中任选其一。第一种是用星号 `*` 将其包括，第二种是用下划线 `_` 的方式。
|
||||
|
||||
使一个单词或者短语斜体显示，用一个下划线或者星号来括住文本。是一个单词或者短语加粗，使用两个下划线或者星号来括住文本：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
用星号来显示斜体 *italics* 。
|
||||
|
||||
用下划线来显示斜体 _italics_ 。
|
||||
|
||||
用星号来显示加粗 **bold** 。
|
||||
|
||||
用下划线来显示加粗 __bold__ 。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
记住两边使用相同的字符。单词或短语的一面是星号，另一面是下划线，将不会生效。相同字符必须在单词或者短语的两边。
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 块引用
|
||||
|
||||
块引用被用来直接引用。如果你正在写博客，你想重复本杰明富兰克林说过的话，你可以使用块引用。
|
||||
|
||||
一个右尖括号被用来指定块引用：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
> 这是块引用。
|
||||
|
||||
>> 如果你想进一步再次块引用，使用两个右尖括号。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 Markdown 添加超链接
|
||||
|
||||
超链接非常酷。在基础 Markdown 语言有三种方式创建超链接，在这里我只讲两种：常规连接和自动连接。
|
||||
|
||||
第三种链接被称为参考链接，在 Markdown 语言的基础和高级风格都支持。我想快速的开始。你可以在准备好的时候查找参考链接。
|
||||
|
||||
常规链接可以让你链接到各种各样的网站。网站名称或者你要使用的短语被放置在中括号 `[]` 中。真实的链接地址在小括号 `()` 中。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Visit [It's FOSS](https://itsfoss.com) today!
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
自动连接通过用尖括号 `<>` 括住链接地址。这个链接是一个真实的地址 (可以是网址或者电子邮件地址)。链接拼写出来并转换到 HTML 的时候，拼写出的链接就变成了有效的链接。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
<http://automatic-link-to-url.com/>
|
||||
|
||||
<[email protected]>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
当你想在文本中拼写出地址时，这很有用：
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 Markdown 中添加图片
|
||||
|
||||
链接图片几乎与链接网站等同。网站链接和图片链接微小的不同是，图片链接以 <ruby>exclamation point<rt>感叹号</rt></ruby> `!` 开始。
|
||||
|
||||
图片名称或者图片描述放置在中括号 `[]` 里。真实链接放置在小括号 `()` 里。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以像这样嵌入图片：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这儿有一个示例图像链接。这是一个示例链接，没有图片，但是这是个好例子，显示了真实链接应该有的样子：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 列表
|
||||
|
||||
制作列表有多个原因。它们可能用来作为 <ruby>‘things to do’<rt>代办事项</rt></ruby>，大纲中的主题元素，部分项目中的明细栏等等。列表有两种主要类型：无序列表和有序列表。
|
||||
|
||||
无序列表没有编号；这些就是我们在许多文档中所看到的 <ruby>‘bullet items’<rt>项目符号</rt></ruby> 。有序列表是有编号的。
|
||||
|
||||
要创建一个有序(有编号的)列表，只需在每行用一个数字开始，像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
1. 项目 一.
|
||||
2. 项目 二.
|
||||
3. 项目 三.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
无序列表没有编号，但要在列表每个项目的开始使用一个星号 `*` ，一个加号 `+` ，或者一个减号 `-` 。我偏向于使用一个星号或者减号，你可以选择适合你的：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
* Item one.
|
||||
+ Item two.
|
||||
- Item three.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
子项目可以通过缩进被添加到有序和无序列表中，像这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
1. 项目 1
|
||||
1. 子项目 1
|
||||
2. 子项目 2
|
||||
2. 项目 2
|
||||
3. 项目 3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
### Markdown 语法备查表
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个简短的 Markdown 语法列表为你作为参考，这个列表已经在本小结中介绍。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你决定使用 Markdown 作为写作工具，你会发现 Markdown 会让写作变得更加简单。
|
||||
|
||||
![][14]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download Markdown Cheat Sheet in PDF format][15]
|
||||
|
||||
### 结语
|
||||
|
||||
Markdown 可以做比我描述的更多的事情。我写作的很大比例是用我在这里介绍的 Markdown 语法完成的 - 并且我在更复杂的项目中经常用这些项目。
|
||||
|
||||
如果所有这些看起来很简单，那么它真的很容易。Markdown 用来完成简单的写作任务，但是你不必完全听我的。你可以尝试一下！不必安装 Markdown 编辑器；你可以在线尝试。这里有几个 [优秀的在线 Markdown 编辑器][16]。这里我喜欢用这三个：
|
||||
|
||||
John Gruber’s [Dingus][17] ， [Editor.md][18] ，[Dillinger][19]。 Editor.md 和 Dillinger 会让你看到你的 Markdown 文本作为 HTML 实时渲染的效果。 Dingus 不能够实时预览，但是在参考页有 Markdown 的语法备查表。
|
||||
|
||||
![][20]
|
||||
|
||||
用以上这些在线编辑器尝试一下文章中的示例。也可以尝试一下你自己的想法。这可以让你在可能更加深入了解它之前，习惯的使用 Markdown 。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Bill Dyer][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/retext_window_showing_syntax_and_preview-2.png?resize=800%2C429&ssl=1
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/best-markdown-editors-linux/
|
||||
[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ghostwriter_two_frames-1.png?resize=800%2C458&ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/1_md_headings_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C485&ssl=1
|
||||
[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2_md_paragraphs_example_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1
|
||||
[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/3_md_line_break_fail_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/4_md_line_break_success_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/5_md_horizontal_rules_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C326&ssl=1
|
||||
[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/6_md_emphasis_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/7_md_blockquotes_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/8_md_links_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C678&ssl=1
|
||||
[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/9_md_images_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1
|
||||
[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/10_md_lists_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1
|
||||
[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/markdown-syntax-cheatsheet.png?resize=727%2C743&ssl=1
|
||||
[15]: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y-Qz9PX_2HksEG5D_WwN-asNB-tpjZHV/view?usp=sharing
|
||||
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/online-markdown-editors/
|
||||
[17]: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/dingus
|
||||
[18]: http://editor.md.ipandao.com/en.html
|
||||
[19]: https://dillinger.io/
|
||||
[20]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/editor-md_page_in_browser-1.png?resize=800%2C505&ssl=1
|
||||
@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/twister-ui-2022/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Twister UI 给你的 Linux Mint 和 Xubuntu 一个视觉上的提升
|
||||
======
|
||||
Twister UI 是给你的 Linux Mint 和 Xubuntu 提供视觉提升的最简单方法。以下是方法。
|
||||
|
||||
[Twister UI][1] 是你现有的 Linux Mint 和 Xubuntu 安装的一个插件。Pi 实验室创造了这个用户界面，他们为树莓派和相关硬件开发了 [Twister OS][2]。
|
||||
|
||||
### Twister UI
|
||||
|
||||
Twister UI 是 [Linux Mint][3] 的一个软件包集合，Xubuntu 带来了几个流行的操作系统特定的主题和配置，开箱即用。你只需点击一个按钮就可以应用它们。你不需要下载单独的图标、主题或光标。
|
||||
|
||||
最新的版本为以下操作系统类型提供了开箱即用的桌面主题、图标、声音和其他设置变化。
|
||||
|
||||
* 原生 Twister 操作系统主题
|
||||
* Windows 98、Windows 7、Windows XP
|
||||
* Windows 11、Windows 10
|
||||
* iTwister 和 iTwister Sur (用于 macOS)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 它是如何工作的？
|
||||
|
||||
该团队准备了自动脚本，从 GitHub 下载所有流行的操作系统特定的主题、声音等。然后脚本修改它们，从 Ubuntu 仓库下载额外的包，并整体安装这个附加组件。安装程序自己负责安装一切，你需要做的就是等待。
|
||||
|
||||
在向你解释如何安装之前，让我们看看这个操作系统 mod 的一些截图和功能。这些截图来自应用了这个操作系统 mod 的 Linux Mint Xfce 版。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 它的外观（截图）
|
||||
|
||||
![Twister UI – macOS Theme][4]
|
||||
|
||||
![Twister UI – Windows XP Theme][5]
|
||||
|
||||
![native Twister OS theme][6]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Twister UI 软件包的内容
|
||||
|
||||
该软件包带来了自己的设置应用，名为 ThemeTwister。你可以用它来快速切换主题。你可以随心所欲地在它们之间转换。没有任何中断。
|
||||
|
||||
该项目还默认安装了一些好的开源包。它安装了 Lutris、Steam 游戏平台以帮助你快速玩游戏。它还为用户安装了 Discord，Wine 模拟器。
|
||||
|
||||
正如你所看到的，考虑到这个附加组件的用户群，该团队仔细考虑了要安装哪些软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何安装
|
||||
|
||||
如果你打算安装这个，我建议在 Linux Mint Xfce 版和 Xubuntu 中使用这个包。不要试图在其他 Linux 发行版中安装它_（我在阅读文档之前就试过了，我把我的 Fedora 安装搞得一团糟，所以不要在其他发行版中尝试）_。
|
||||
|
||||
要求是安装 Linux Mint Xfce 或 Xubuntu（无论是 32 位还是 64 位）。它还需要大约 5GB 的磁盘空间。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，从下面的链接中下载该软件包，其中包含 Torrent 链接。它不是一个 ISO 文件。它由三个文件组成，其中一个是实际的脚本。
|
||||
|
||||
[下载 Twister UI][1]
|
||||
|
||||
下载完毕后，打开下载的文件夹，你应该看到一个扩展名为 .run 的文件（如下图所示）。
|
||||
|
||||
![Give the execute permission to the run file][7]
|
||||
|
||||
改变该文件的权限，使其可执行。然后通过终端运行它。
|
||||
|
||||
该脚本需要一个管理员密码，所以在要求时就提供这个密码。在你开始安装之前，请确保你有一个稳定的网络连接，以便即时下载其他软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
![Starting the installation script][8]
|
||||
|
||||
下载和安装需要一些时间。取决于你的网速，可能需要 15 到 20 分钟左右。
|
||||
|
||||
你应该知道，安装程序将取代默认的 Plymouth 和更新 initramfs。
|
||||
|
||||
安装完成后，脚本应该提示你重新启动。
|
||||
|
||||
重启后，登录到你的 Linux Mint Xfce 或 Xubuntu 系统。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何改变主题
|
||||
|
||||
如果你使用的是 Linux Mint Xfce 版，在改变主题之前，你需要做以下额外的改变以获得最佳效果：
|
||||
|
||||
* 打开应用程序菜单 > 设置 > 桌面，在图标标签下，取消勾选使用自定义字体大小。
|
||||
* 打开应用程序菜单 > 设置 > 窗口管理器调整，在合成器标签下，取消勾选在停靠窗口下显示阴影。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在你应该在桌面上看到一个 “ThemeTwister” 图标，并打开该应用。这个应用为你提供了改变主题的选项，如下图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
![Changing theme using ThemeTwister tool][10]
|
||||
|
||||
选择一个主题并点击相应的按钮。每次你改变或应用一个主题时，脚本都会要求你注销。所以在改变主题之前，请确保你关闭所有的程序。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何卸载
|
||||
|
||||
如果你完成后想卸载，那么打开终端，运行下面的 shell 脚本。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sh /usr/share/ThemeSwitcher/uninstall.sh
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
上述脚本只卸载了 Twister UI 组件，并没有卸载 Steam、Lutris 等。所以如果你想卸载，请使用软件管理器来卸载它们。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你在卸载后做一次重启，那将是最好的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 回顾和性能
|
||||
|
||||
根据 Pi 实验室的文件，定制应该不会消耗太多的额外内存。这也是事实。
|
||||
|
||||
定制对桌面性能影响不大。当我在 Linux Mint Xfce 版的空闲模式下运行一到两个定制程序时，它消耗了大约 740MB 的内存，CPU 大约 2% 到 3%。这本身就令人印象深刻。使用它的唯一代价是额外的磁盘空间。
|
||||
|
||||
![Resource Usage in Linux Mint with Twister UI][11]
|
||||
|
||||
主题切换器非常好，完美地改变了主题，没有惊喜和错误。
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，整个过程是没有错误的，并且按照其设计进行得很好。
|
||||
|
||||
### 结尾说明
|
||||
|
||||
在下载独立主题图标和改变设置后，你可以手动配置你的 Linux 发行版，使其看起来像 Windows 或 macOS。这需要很多时间，有时对新用户来说也很困难。考虑到这一点，我认为这种新方法可以节省时间，对每个人来说都非常容易。你只需点击一个按钮，就可以得到所有需要的 mod。
|
||||
|
||||
总会有一种争论，为什么 Linux 需要看起来像 Windows 或 macOS。但老年人可能不太熟悉电脑，但记得 Windows 的颜色和图标。他们可以使用这种简单的修改来适应 Linux，而不会有任何麻烦。
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，这是一个来自Pi实验室的优秀项目，可以帮助全世界的许多用户。
|
||||
|
||||
那么，你对这个项目有什么看法？请在下面的评论栏里告诉我。
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
我们带来最新的科技、软件新闻和重要的东西。通过 [Telegram][12]、[Twitter][13]、[YouTube][14] 和 [Facebook][15] 保持联系，永远不会错过任何更新！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/twister-ui-2022/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://twisteros.com/twisterui.html
|
||||
[2]: https://twisteros.com
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-mint-20-3-new-app/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Twister-UI-macOS-Theme-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Twister-UI-Windows-XP-Theme-1024x574.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/native-Twister-OS-theme-1024x581.jpg
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Give-the-execute-permission-to-the-run-file-1024x521.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Starting-the-installation-script.jpg
|
||||
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Changing-theme-using-ThemeTwister-tool.jpg
|
||||
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Resource-Usage-in-Linux-Mint-with-Twister-UI-1024x579.jpg
|
||||
[12]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[13]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[14]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[15]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions [Featured]"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/beautiful-linux-distributions-2022/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "amagicboy"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
精选10个最美的 Linux 发行版
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
我们选出 2022 年 10 个最美的Linux发行版，保证系统稳定的前提下，会给您良好的视觉体验。
|
||||
|
||||
定制化拓展 Linux 发行版以满足需求是非常有意思的事。无论是 Ubuntu 还是 Fedora ，都有各种各样的工具去定制化 Linux 桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，有很多不需要任何定制化而且令人眼前一亮的 Linux 发行版。它们的开发者使它们在安装后不需要再定制化就能有一个非常好的视觉效果。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，我们编制了一份最美 Linux 发行版列表，您可以现在尝试来更新您电脑的视觉外观。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2022 最美的 Linux 发行版
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Zorin OS
|
||||
|
||||
最先介绍的 Linux 发行版是 Zorin OS. Zorin OS 使用基于 GNOME 的 Zorin Desktop ，非常适合追求美观的桌面和生产力的新用户。
|
||||
|
||||
Zorin OS 最有特点的功能之一是它可以随意转化为其他操作系统桌面，这意味着只需要设置布局选项，就可以改变任务栏、应用菜单、 Dock 栏，给用户最大的的灵活性，安装即用。
|
||||
|
||||
[阅读有关 Zorin OS 更多信息][2]
|
||||
|
||||
![Zorin OS 16 桌面][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Elementary OS
|
||||
|
||||
Elementary OS 是基于 Ubuntu 长期稳定支持(LTS) 发行版中最美观的一个。它使用吸引人的 Pantheon 桌面环境，其外观和使用体验受到了 macOS 的启发。
|
||||
|
||||
Elementary OS 非常适合从 maxOS 进入 Linux 世界的新用户，因为他们会发现许多熟悉的东西，比如手势和窗口样式。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，Elementary OS 不能通过设置菜单定制化大部分功能，只能依靠拓展脚本命令拓展功能。但是，系统默认桌面十分美观，能满足大部分人的需求。
|
||||
|
||||
Elementary OS 最具特色是它精心设计的应用商店。应用商店提供所有类别的应用，特别是那些专为 Elementary OS 定制而且外观精美、功能强大的应用。
|
||||
|
||||
[阅读有关 elementaryOS 更多信息][4]
|
||||
|
||||
![elementary OS 6 ODIN 桌面][5]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Deepin OS
|
||||
|
||||
第三个介绍的 Linux 发行版是 Deepin OS . Deepin OS 基于 Debian ，由中国 Deepin 科技公司开发。它使用基于 QT 的自研桌面环境。 Deepin 桌面部件、配色方案、窗口样式、壁纸看起来都非常不错，给用户安装即享的视觉体验。
|
||||
|
||||
Deepin OS 一流的视觉组件和 macOS 非常相似。并且由于 Deepin 的稳定分支，如果您想要一个外观精美且稳定的 Linux 发行版，Deepin 是最适合的选择。
|
||||
|
||||
为什么 Deepin OS 体验很好？
|
||||
* _基于 QT 的酷炫桌面_
|
||||
* _原生部件及支持暗色主题_
|
||||
* _多项选择定制化 Dock 栏_
|
||||
* _透明性、窗口效果、 CursDockheme ， 图标主题_
|
||||
* _强调色_
|
||||
|
||||
[阅读有关 Deepin OS 更多信息][6]
|
||||
|
||||
![ Deepin 20 桌面][7]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Cutefish OS
|
||||
|
||||
第四个介绍的 Linux 发行版是 [CutefishOS][8] .这种基于 Debian 和 Ubuntu 的 Linux 发行版特点是本地开发的 Cutefish 桌面。 Cutefish OS 还在发展中，但由于它的外观， Cutefish OS 已经在用户群体中掀起波澜。
|
||||
|
||||
Cutefish OS 底层基于 QT 和 KDE 框架构建。这种带有 Cutefish 桌面的 Linux 发行版顶部有丰富的全局菜单。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Cutefish OS 发展过程中也支持定制化。但在最新的发行版中， Cutefish OS 支持深色模式，强调色、动画效果、任务栏位置（左、右、下）等其他选项。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果您想体验完全不同的桌面风格，可以尝试 Cutefish OS . 您也可以查看下面提供的关于此桌面的完整评论和教程。
|
||||
|
||||
[Cutefish OS 评论][9]
|
||||
|
||||
![Cutefish OS][10]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. Manjaro KED Plasma
|
||||
|
||||
Manjaro KDE 是现在外观最好看的 Linux 发行版之一。 Manjaro KDE 基于 Arch Linux ，以 KDE Plasma 为特色，添加了一些额外调整工具和窗口。 Manjaro 的绿色调色板给您全新的外观和体验。 您可以通过 KDE 构建工具定制化功能，在 KDE Stores 中也可以设置和改变图标主题。
|
||||
|
||||
Manjaro KDE 是 Arch Linux 性能和外观最完美的结合体。对于 Arch Linux 新用户来说， Manjaro 是一个理想的开始。
|
||||
|
||||
[阅读有关 Manjaro KED 更多信息][11]
|
||||
|
||||
![Manjaro KDE Plasma][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. Garuda Linux
|
||||
|
||||
出名的 Garuda Linux 是榜单上的第六位。 Garuda Linux 基于 Arch Linux ，带有美观的桌面，特点是支持所有主流桌面的定制化图标、主题。 Garuda Linux 使用 Zen 内核，优化了硬件性能。
|
||||
|
||||
[][13]
|
||||
|
||||
补充： 安装 Fedora 33 后要做的 10 件事
|
||||
|
||||
Garuda Linux 的外观和体验令人印象深刻。 macOS 风格看起来非常的方便。 Neon 图标主题、亲切的调色板、全局菜单的模糊和透明性的结合是其自身的完美选择。
|
||||
|
||||
Garuda 最主要的优点是支持所有桌面环境 — KDE Plasma , GNOME , Xfce , LXQT , MATE , 等等。
|
||||
|
||||
[阅读有关 Garuda Linux 更多信息][14]
|
||||
|
||||
![Garuda Linux][15]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. Linux Mint Cinnamon Edition
|
||||
|
||||
我们推荐 Linux Mint 是因为它非常的简洁，优美和稳定。它是目前最被广泛使用和出名的 Linux 发行版之一，或许仅在 Ubuntu 使用人数之下。但和本列表中其他 Linux 发行版比较起来，它看起来不是很精致。
|
||||
|
||||
但是如果您喜欢看起来很棒的经典用户桌面，默认的 Cinnamon 桌面看起来干净且完美。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Mint 发行版对所有用户都非常友好，特别是第一次使用 Linux 或者从 Windows 转到 Linux 的用户。默认的 Mint 绿色调色板外观和体验都能使人耳目一新。
|
||||
|
||||
如果您无法确定一个稳定的令人眼花缭乱的 Linux 发行版，那就毫不犹豫的选择 Linux Mint 吧。
|
||||
|
||||
[阅读有关 Linux Mint 更多信息][16]
|
||||
|
||||
![Linux Mint 20 — Cinnamon 版本桌面][17]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. Nitrux OS
|
||||
|
||||
[Nitrux Linux][18] 基于 Debian ，其特点是名为 NX 桌面的 KDE Plasma 修改版。独特的 Linux 发行版有一套使用 Maui 套件和 QT 编译的 Nitrux 应用。 Nitrux 是开源的 Linux 发行版，使用 OpenRC 作为初始化系统。独特的功能和外观， Nitrux 是目前最好的 Linux 发行版之一。
|
||||
|
||||
Nitrux OS 默认外观与经过改进的 KDE Plasma 桌面完美结合，带有 Kvantum 主题引擎、图标主题、配色表、鼠标主题功能。 Nitrux OS 背后团队还开发了名为 Maui Shell 的独立聚合桌面，可以根据屏幕大小进行自我调整。
|
||||
|
||||
如果您需要一款稳定方便的 KDE Plasma 桌面，那么 Nitrux OS 非常适合您。您不会失望的。
|
||||
|
||||
[阅读有关 Nitrux OS 更多信息][18]
|
||||
|
||||
![Nitrux 2.0 桌面][19]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9\. Ubuntu Kylin
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Kylin 是专门为使用简体中文脚本的中国人设计的官方版本。但它同时也支持其他语言。
|
||||
|
||||
定制化的 Ubuntu 版本使用 Ubuntu Kaylin 用户桌面( aka UKUI )。 UKUI 桌面使用 Qt 开发，支持 MATE 桌面组件。
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Kylin 看起来精致，就像是 GNOME 和 KDE Plasma 在外观和设计上的结合。
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Kylin 特点是其精美设计的图标系统，底部的任务栏，漂亮的应用视图，应用切换器，圆的窗口对角和更多精心制作的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
[阅读有关 Ubuntu Kylin 更多信息][20]
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu Kylin 桌面][21]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10\. Pop OS
|
||||
|
||||
Pop OS 是从管理计算机硬件的 System76 发展而来。 此 Linux 发行版在所有 System6 硬件上都预安装。但是，您可以从官方仓库下载然后安装。
|
||||
|
||||
Pop OS 特点是默认的带有额外调整和配置的 GNOME 桌面。此桌面具有 GNOME 40 时代之前的特点，预配置了多个拓展和调整。比如您可以获得可以配置自由调整的底部任务栏、一个用于启动应用程序的启动器、窗口圆角等许多此类功能。此桌面还有自动平铺和优化的键盘导航功能，可提高您的工作效率。
|
||||
|
||||
Pop OS 的颜色搭配、深色模式、应用窗口的圆角、图标主题，使它的外观和体验都非常的舒服和赏心悦目。
|
||||
|
||||
[阅读有关 Pop OS 更多信息][22]
|
||||
|
||||
![Pop OS 21.10 桌面][23]
|
||||
|
||||
### 结语
|
||||
|
||||
希望这份 2022 最美 Linux 发行版榜单能帮你选择您想要的桌面或者系统。 因为这些 Linux 发行版已经配置成看起来很漂亮，而且他们性能很强大。
|
||||
|
||||
选择并开始您的 Linux 之旅吧。
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
我们介绍最新的技术、软件新闻和重要资讯。通过 [Telegram][24] , [Twitter][25] , [YouTube][26] , [Facebook][27] 保持联系，不要错过任何更新！
|
||||
|
||||
##### 另请阅读
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/beautiful-linux-distributions-2022/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[amagicboy](https://github.com/amagicboy)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/distributions
|
||||
[2]: https://zorin.com
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Zorin-OS-16-Desktop-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://elementary.io/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/elementary-OS-6-ODIN-Desktop-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://www.deepin.org/en/
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Deepin-20-Desktop-1024x568.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://en.cutefishos.com/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/cutefish-os-review-2021/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Cutefish-OS-1024x581.jpg
|
||||
[11]: https://manjaro.org/downloads/official/kde/
|
||||
[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Manjaro-KDE-Plasma-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/10/10-things-to-do-fedora-33-after-install/
|
||||
[14]: https://garudalinux.org/
|
||||
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Garuda-Linux-1024x577.jpg
|
||||
[16]: https://linuxmint.com/
|
||||
[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Linux-Mint-20-Cinnamon-Edition-Desktop-1024x763.png
|
||||
[18]: https://nxos.org/
|
||||
[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Nitrux-2.0-Desktop-1024x581.jpg
|
||||
[20]: https://www.ubuntukylin.com
|
||||
[21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Ubuntu-Kylin-Desktop-1024x574.jpg
|
||||
[22]: https://pop.system76.com/
|
||||
[23]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Pop-OS-21.10-Desktop-1024x579.jpg
|
||||
[24]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[25]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[26]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[27]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -1,220 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "robsean"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
2022 年最适合用于旧计算机的 10 款 Linux 发行版
|
||||
======
|
||||
我们重点推荐一份关于 10 款轻量级 Linux 发行版的列表，它们是 2022年最适合你的较旧的 PC 的发行版。我们将向你们介绍它们的特色，以及为什么它们会成为复活较旧硬件的完美之选。
|
||||
|
||||
我们认为你不应该扔掉任何的硬件，尤其是 PC 以及配件。在理想的情况下，设计良好的软件总是能够在任意硬件上运行。这里有很多专门针对较旧的硬件和 PC 的 [Linux 发行版][1] 。你可以在这些 Linux 操作系统的帮助快速地复活它们。在这篇文章中，我们重点推荐 10 款这样的 Linux 发行版，它们是 2022年 轻量级的并对较旧硬件友好的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2022 年的 10 款轻量级 Linux 发行版
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Linux Lite
|
||||
|
||||
在 2022 年的这份列表中，我们推出的第一款轻量级 Linux 发行版是 Linux Lite 。Linux Lite 是一款基于 Ubuntu 和 Debian 的正在不断发展和完善的 Linux 发行版。这款有十年开发历史的 Linux 发行版非常适合于你的比较旧的硬件，这些硬件需要友好且设计良好的发行版。该开发团队以这个发行版支持不再被 Windows 所支持的硬件且是这些 Windows 用户的理想的起点为卖点。这个发行版的主要优势是良好的自定义和极好看的 Xfce 桌面，并使用 Ubuntu 的基础、最新的内核，当然，还带有一个 32-位 ISO 镜像。
|
||||
|
||||
![Linux Lite][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Lite 的优势:
|
||||
|
||||
* 基于 Ubuntu
|
||||
* 自定义的 Xfce 桌面环境
|
||||
* 本机原生应用程序
|
||||
* 支持 32 位
|
||||
* 积极开发
|
||||
* 最小系统要求 1 GB RAM
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[下载 Linux Lite][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Puppy Linux
|
||||
|
||||
在这份列表中的第二个重要的发行版是 Puppy Linux 。Puppy Linux 与传统发行版稍有不同。在这里，它被设计成在 RAM 中运行，而不需要在物理机系统中安装。如果恰当地配置，你可以保留会话期间，此外，即使你移除可启动媒介，它也可以继续很好地工作。
|
||||
|
||||
![Puppy Linux – one of the best lightweight Linux Distribution in 2022][4]
|
||||
|
||||
这个 Linux 发行版与 Ubuntu 的 LTS 版本在二进制文件方面是兼容的;其最新的版本是基于 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 的。因为 Ubuntu 放弃了 32-位的支持，所以其最新版本也放弃了 32-位 的支持。
|
||||
|
||||
Puppy Linux 的特殊使用情况非常适合于较旧的计算机、上网本以及小于 1GB RAM 的硬件。它的核心是，运行超快速的 JWM (Jow’s Window Manager), Puppy 软件包管理器支持 .deb 、.rpm 及其原生的 PET 软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，它是一款完美的和设计良好的 Linux 发行版，适合于唾手可得的较旧的硬件。
|
||||
|
||||
特色:
|
||||
|
||||
* 基于 Ubuntu 的 LTS 版本
|
||||
* 它能够在低端的上网本上运行
|
||||
* 即使在移除可启动介质后，也可以直接从 RAM 工作
|
||||
* 特有的软件包管理器 – Puppy 软件包管理器
|
||||
* JWM 桌面环境
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. BunsenLabs Linux
|
||||
|
||||
在这份列表中的第三款 Linux 发行版是 BunsenLabs Linux ，Crunchbang 项目的一个继任者。BunsenLabs Linux 基于 Debian 的 Stable 分支, 将现代的应用程序带到你的低端硬件系统。这个发行版为低端硬件系统提供一个 32-位 版本的镜像，并为你的常规硬件系统提供一个标准的 64-位 版本的镜像。它的核心是，BunsenLabds 由一个预配置的OpenBox 窗口管理器所驱动，并带有令人惊艳的 tint2 面板，预配置的 Conky 和 jgmenu 。
|
||||
|
||||
![BunsenLabs Linux][5]
|
||||
|
||||
这是一款设计良好、超快速、稳定和极好看的针对较旧系统的发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
特色概要：
|
||||
|
||||
* 基于 Debian 的 Stable 分支
|
||||
* Openbox 窗口管理器，附带 tint2 面板、conky 和 jgmenu
|
||||
* 提供 32-位 安装程序
|
||||
* 可以通过官方论坛获取帮助和支持
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[下载 BunsenLabs Linux][6]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Lubuntu
|
||||
|
||||
Lubuntu 是一款著名的轻量级 Linux 发行版。它是一款官方的 Ubuntu Linux 衍生特色版本，其特点是使用轻量级 LxQt桌面环境。Lubuntu 在给予你现代的 Ubuntu Linux 软件包和技术的同时，也针对你的低端硬件提供 LxQt 桌面环境。尽管与这份列表中的其它的发行版相比，它可能需要一些额外的系统资源，但是对于较旧的硬件系统来说，它仍然是一个可接受的 Linux 发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
![Lubuntu][7]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你需要一款稳定且开箱即用的适中型轻量的 Linux 发行版，那么，请选择 Lubuntu 。
|
||||
|
||||
[下载 Lubuntu][8]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. Absolute Linux
|
||||
|
||||
第五款轻量级 Linux 发行版是 Absolute Linux ，基于 Slackware Linux 。这个发行版在其安装程序镜像中打包了所有日常需要的应用程序，以便你可以获得一款开箱即用的发行版。Absolute Linux 以使用 IceWM 和 ROX 桌面环境为特色，在你的较旧的硬件中使用它们时，它们将给予你终极的速度。它是 systemd 自由的，它提供超出其它的发行版的额外优势。
|
||||
|
||||
![Absolute Linux][9]
|
||||
|
||||
特色概要：
|
||||
|
||||
* 基于 Slackware
|
||||
* Systemd-自由
|
||||
* 打包必要的软件包
|
||||
* IceWM 桌面环境，Slapt-get 软件包管理器
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[下载 Absolute Linux][10]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. antiX Linux
|
||||
|
||||
我们想重点推荐的另一款轻量级 Linux 发行版是 antiX Linux 。antiX Linux 基于 Debian 的 stable 分支，并带来一些诱人的特色。它的核心是，它使用 IceWM 、Fluxbox 和 ROX 桌面环境选项，给予你一种极好的和快速的桌面体验。它完全是 systemd 自由的，使用 sysVinit 和 runit 系统。antiX Linux 也给予你一个 32-位 安装程序，并且还有种变体 – 完全体、核心体、基本体以及网络体，以满足不同的实际使用情况。
|
||||
|
||||
![antiX Linux][11]
|
||||
|
||||
特色:
|
||||
|
||||
* 基于 Debian 的 stable 分支
|
||||
* 通过 32-位 安装程序
|
||||
* Systemd-自由
|
||||
* IceWM 桌面环境，其它的窗口管理器衍生特色版本
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[下载 antiX Linux][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. LXLE
|
||||
|
||||
LXLE Linux 是 Lubuntu LTS 系列的一种变体，使用 LXDE 桌面环境而不再使用 LXQt 桌面环境。应用程序、安装程序以及其它的特色的选择使其成针对较旧的硬件系统的一款完美的发行版。它非常适合于复活你的旧硬件系统，使用稳定的 Ubuntu-LTS 基础和快速的 LXDE 桌面环境。
|
||||
|
||||
![LXLE Linux][13]
|
||||
|
||||
然而，就我个人见解，我感觉 LXQt 比 LXDE 稍快一点。好吧，这种反馈可能是因人而异的，对你来说可能是不同的。现在，这里没有多少 Linux 发行版向你提供 LXDE 桌面环境的衍生特色版本。因此，对于你的日常使用的来说，它可能是独特的一款轻量级的 Linux 发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
[下载 LXLE][14]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. Porteus Linux
|
||||
|
||||
Porteus Linux 是 Slackware Linux 的一款混成版本，以旧的 KDE 4.0+ 桌面环境 (在 KDE Plasma 系列之前的版本) 为特色。这款超快的 Linux 发行版非常适合于你的考古级的硬件系统，因为它基于最先进的 Slackware ，并且向你提供一款 32-位 的版本。这款发行版可以从 Live USB 或 Live CD 或任意可启动媒介中运行，安装程序仅 300 MB 大小。
|
||||
|
||||
[][15]
|
||||
|
||||
请参考： 10 款改善你的 GNOME 体验的重要应用程序 [部分 3]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你喜欢老的 KDE (像我一样!) 和 Slackware 的简单易用，对你来说这将会是一个完美的发行版，甚至针对你的新硬件也是一样。
|
||||
|
||||
![Porteus Linux][16]
|
||||
|
||||
[下载 Porteus Linux][17]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9\. Q4OS
|
||||
|
||||
Q4OS 是这份列表中的一款独特的 Linux 发行版。它针对现今已经过时的较旧的 windows 系统。曾经很多较旧的 PC 运行 Windows XP 和 Windows 7 。它们在 windows 和一些现代的 Linux 发行版下不再能很好地工作，因为现代的及其更新的操作系统要求更多的计算能力和资源。
|
||||
|
||||
Q4OS 针对这些实际使用实例，给予你一款设计良好的 Linux 发行版，附带有一个 32-位 安装程序、在 Windows 系统中的安装程序、Trinity 桌面环境、预制的 Windows 主题等等。
|
||||
|
||||
![MX Linux][18]
|
||||
|
||||
[下载 Q4OS][19]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10\. MX Linux
|
||||
|
||||
在这份列表中的最后一款 Linux 发行版是著名的 MX Linux ，它凭借其特色和独特性在当今时代留下的印记。然而，我都怀疑是否应该将 MX Linux 列为轻量级。因为在我看来，如果你推敲它的 KDE Plasma 衍生特色版本的味道时，它应该是中等级的 Linux 发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
![MX Linux][20]
|
||||
|
||||
不管怎么说，它所有的一些特色使其成为一款轻量级 Linux 发行版的完美候选版本。MX Linux 基于 Debian 的 Stable 分支，并使用了 antiX 组件创建。它重点向你推荐它自己的用于附加工作流的 MX Linux 原生应用程序。你可以获取使用 KDE Plasma 、Xfce 和 Fluxbox 作为桌面环境的选项。
|
||||
|
||||
[下载 MX Linux][21]
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
如果你仔细地阅读会发现，我们在这里所列出的大多数的轻量级 Linux 发行版都基于 Debian Linux 。它是真正的 “通用操作系统”。现代的 Linux 桌面环境，像 GNOME 40+ 、KDE Plasma 和 Systemd init 系统，不再兼容较旧的硬件系统。此外，随着技术的进步，引入了更多的软件复杂性，需要更高端的硬件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管如此，我希望你可以从这份列表中获取一些为你的旧笔记本电脑或 PC 选择哪款轻量级 Linux 发行版的灵感。每一款发行版都提供不同的体验，但是都有共同的目标：复活你的较旧的硬件系统。所以，任君采撷。
|
||||
|
||||
谢谢。
|
||||
|
||||
_一些图像文件的版权: 各自的 Linux 发行版_
|
||||
|
||||
_这篇 2022年 最佳的 10 款轻量级 Linux 发行版收录在 [Top Ten List][22] 中。_
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
我们带来最新的科技、软件新闻和重要的题材。通过 [Telegram][23]、[Twitter][24][YouTube][25] 和 [Facebook][26] 保持联系、不错过一次更新!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/distributions
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Linux-Lite-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[3]: http://www.linuxliteos.com/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Puppy-Linux-one-of-the-best-lightweight-Linux-Distribution-in-2022-1024x579.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/BunsenLabs-Linux.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://www.bunsenlabs.org/
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Lubuntu-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://lubuntu.me/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Absolute-Linux-1024x640.jpg
|
||||
[10]: https://www.absolutelinux.org/
|
||||
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/antiX-Linux-1024x640.jpg
|
||||
[12]: https://antixlinux.com/
|
||||
[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/LXLE-Linux-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[14]: http://www.lxle.net/
|
||||
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/best-gnome-apps-part-3/
|
||||
[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Porteus-Linux-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[17]: http://www.porteus.org/
|
||||
[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/MX-Linux-1024x515.jpg
|
||||
[19]: https://q4os.org/
|
||||
[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/MX-Linux-1-1024x515.jpg
|
||||
[21]: https://mxlinux.org/
|
||||
[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/top-10-list
|
||||
[23]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[24]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[25]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[26]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "LibreWolf vs Firefox: Comparing the Privacy Heroes of Open-Source Browsers"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/librewolf-vs-firefox/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
LibreWolf vs Firefox：比较开源浏览器的隐私英雄
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
火狐是最好的跨平台[开源网络浏览器][1]之一。
|
||||
|
||||
更不用说，它是作为基于 Chromium 的替代品的唯一可行的选择。或者，它是吗？
|
||||
|
||||
LibreWolf 是另一个有趣的选择，它最初是一个火狐浏览器的分叉，试图比火狐浏览器做得更好，以增强隐私/安全，开箱即用。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，选择 LibreWolf 而不是 Firefox 真的有用吗？有哪些不同之处？让我们来看一看。
|
||||
|
||||
### 用户界面
|
||||
|
||||
考虑到 [LibreWolf][2] 是 Firefox 的一个分叉，用户界面是相同的，只是有一些细微的变化。
|
||||
|
||||
![Firefox UI][3]
|
||||
|
||||
例如，它在书签菜单中没有火狐网站的链接，并且去除了 “Add to Pocket” 按钮。
|
||||
|
||||
取而代之的是，你可以在地址栏的右边找到一个扩展的图标和下载管理器。
|
||||
|
||||
![LibreWolf UI][4]
|
||||
|
||||
是的，你不再需要前往菜单来访问下载。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你认为 Firefox 中的额外功能是恼人的，那 么LibreWolf 应该是一种干净的体验。
|
||||
|
||||
### 搜索供应商
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，Firefox 使用谷歌作为其搜索引擎，考虑到它们是官方合作伙伴，也就是说，谷歌付费成为默认搜索引擎。
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
虽然你可以很容易地将默认的搜索供应商改为 DuckDuckGo、Startpage 或其他任何东西，但默认的搜索供应商对大多数用户来说仍然是一个大问题。
|
||||
|
||||
当谈到 LibreWolf 时，默认的搜索引擎是 DuckDuckGo。众所周知，它是最好的隐私友好搜索引擎之一。
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
应该注意的是，注重隐私的搜索引擎在某些使用情况下可能不如谷歌好。因此，如果搜索引擎的选择并不困扰你，火狐浏览器可以说是很好。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，如果你想对自己的搜索历史保密，LibreWolf 的默认搜索供应商可以证明是一个更好的选择。
|
||||
|
||||
### 强化的隐私
|
||||
|
||||
Mozilla Firefox 具有令人难以置信的可定制性。如果你想付出努力，你可以在 Firefox 上增强数字隐私。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，如果你想避免投入大量时间来调整 Firefox 的体验，LibreWolf 可以是一个不错的选择。
|
||||
|
||||
LibreWolf 具有一些开箱即用的最佳设置，以确保你摆脱网上的跟踪器，并有一个安全的在线体验。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，它的默认功能是 UBlock 内容拦截器，以消除跟踪你在线活动的跟踪器/脚本。默认的搜索引擎是 DuckDuckGo，在一定程度上也有帮助。
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
此外，LibreWolf 还启用了 Firefox 的增强型跟踪保护的严格模式。换句话说，它可以积极地阻止跟踪器，这可能会导致一些网页不能像预期那样工作。
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
虽然 LibreWolf 建议不要改变这些设置，但如果你发现网页在设置中出现故障，你可以选择使用 Firefox。
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox 使用启用的基本保护来摆脱常见的追踪器，而不会破坏网页的用户体验。
|
||||
|
||||
除了这些设置外，LibreWolf 还默认在退出时删除 cookies 和网站数据。如果你想继续登录网站并迅速恢复你的浏览会话，这可能是令人讨厌的。
|
||||
|
||||
当是 Firefox 时，它确实具有相同的选项，但它仍然是默认禁用的。因此，如果你想避免调整内置设置以获得方便的体验，你应该选择 Firefox。
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
难怪 Firefox 仍然是[可用于 Linux的 最佳浏览器][10]之一。大多数用户相比增强隐私更喜欢方便，同时还能跨平台使用浏览器。
|
||||
|
||||
### 谷歌安全浏览
|
||||
|
||||
谷歌安全浏览是一项有用的服务，可以警告/标记可疑网站的恶意活动。
|
||||
|
||||
大多数浏览器使用它来实现安全的用户体验。你不需要成为发现钓鱼/恶意软件网站的专家，谷歌安全浏览可以帮助你发现它们。
|
||||
|
||||
Mozilla Firefox 使用它的另一个名字是 “**钓鱼保护**“，它是默认启用的。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，在 LibreWolf 中，谷歌安全浏览服务默认是禁用的，以避免连接到谷歌服务。你可以启用它，但它不是用户在设置浏览器时寻找的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
因此，如果你想在避免恶意网站方面获得额外帮助，Firefox 应该是一个很好的开箱即用的解决方案。如果你知道自己在做什么，你可以使用 LibreWolf，并在需要时启用该设置。
|
||||
|
||||
### 附加功能
|
||||
|
||||
LibreWolf 可以摆脱 Firefox 上的任何附加产品。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，LibreWolf 默认没有与 Mozilla 服务器的任何连接。它所反映的一些变化包括：
|
||||
|
||||
* LibreWolf 中没有同步/签到功能。
|
||||
* 没有 “Add to Pocket” 的按钮
|
||||
* 你不会在扩展页面上加载 Mozilla 的附加组件/主题。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想使用 Mozilla 帐户来同步你的历史记录/书签和浏览器数据，Firefox 是最好的选择。如果你喜欢使用它，还有 Firefox VPN。
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
但是，如果你不信任任何 Mozilla 服务并希望在你的浏览器上切断与它们的任何连接，那么 LibreWolf 就是你的朋友。
|
||||
|
||||
### 跨平台支持
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox 可用于 Android 和 iOS，并且适用于各种屏幕尺寸和设备。
|
||||
|
||||
不幸的是，LibreWolf 仅限于 macOS、Windows、OpenBSD 和 Linux 等桌面平台。
|
||||
|
||||
### 基于社区 vs 由组织支持
|
||||
|
||||
[LibreWolf][14] 是一个由社区支持的项目，由一些热情的贡献者维护，旨在促进隐私、安全和用户自由。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你更喜欢 LibreWolf 提供的产品，那么使用它应该不是问题。即使是一个小团队，他们也会关注最新的 Firefox 版本并尽快推送更新。
|
||||
|
||||
相比之下，Mozilla 基金会是一个更大的组织，并且一直在树立非凡的榜样来促进可定制性、隐私和安全性。
|
||||
|
||||
你将比 LibreWolf 更快地收到更新，如果你担心浏览器的安全性，这是一个重要方面。
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox 成为更大事物的一部分并没有严重的缺点，但是 Mozilla 为其用户提出的未来可能会有一些你可能不喜欢的决定（或更改）。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，LibreWolf 作为一个社区项目，会优先考虑用户偏好。
|
||||
|
||||
### 最后的评语
|
||||
|
||||
如果方便是你在意的，你需要同步/登录账户功能，Mozilla 特定提供的，以及基本的隐私保护，Mozilla Firefox 应该更适合你。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不想要开箱即用的云同步功能、附加功能和以隐私为中心的核心设置，LibreWolf 将是完美的解决方案。
|
||||
|
||||
在性能方面，两者都应该提供类似的体验。由于某种原因，基准测试（Basemark 3.0、Speedometer 2.0）不适用于 LibreWolf，因此我没有提供任何性能比较图表。
|
||||
|
||||
我更喜欢使用 Firefox，因为我确实需要基于帐户的同步的便利性，而不需要积极的阻止功能。然而，对于那些想要放弃 Firefox 或者只是想尝试一些专注于用户自由和隐私的东西的人来说，LibreWolf 是一个可靠的选择。
|
||||
|
||||
它对你而言怎么样？在下面的评论中让我知道你的想法。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/librewolf-vs-firefox/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-browsers-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/librewolf/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-ui-1.png
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-ui-1.png
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-google-search.png
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-duckduckgo.png
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-ublock-origin.png
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-privacy-settings.png
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-privacy-settings.png
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/best-browsers-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-security.png
|
||||
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-extras.png
|
||||
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-sign-in.png
|
||||
[14]: https://librewolf.net/
|
||||
298
translated/tech/20220414 My favorite build options for Go.md
Normal file
298
translated/tech/20220414 My favorite build options for Go.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "My favorite build options for Go"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/4/go-build-options"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Gaurav Kamathe https://opensource.com/users/gkamathe"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
我最喜欢的 Go 构建选项
|
||||
======
|
||||
这些方便的 Go 构建选项可以帮助你更好地理解 Go 的编译过程。
|
||||
|
||||
![GitHub 推出“开源星期五”][1]
|
||||
|
||||
(图源 Opensource.com)
|
||||
|
||||
学习一门新的编程语言最令人欣慰的部分之一，就是最终运行一个可执行文件，并获得符合预期的输出。当我开始学习 Go 这门编程语言时，我先是阅读一些样本程序来熟悉语法，然后是尝试写一些小的测试程序。随着时间的推移，这种方法帮助我熟悉了编译和构建程序的过程。
|
||||
|
||||
Go 的构建选项提供了方法来更好地控制构建过程。它们还可以提供额外的信息，帮助把这个过程分成更小的部分。在这篇文章中，我将演示我所使用的一些选项。注意：我使用的 build 和 compile 这两个词是同一个意思。
|
||||
|
||||
### 开始使用 Go
|
||||
|
||||
我使用的 Go 版本是 1.16.7。但是，这里给出的命令应该也能在最新的版本上运行。如果你没有安装 Go，你可以从 [Go 官网][2] 上下载它，并按照说明进行安装。你可以通过打开一个提示符命令，并键入下面的命令来验证你所安装的版本：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go version
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你应该会得到类似下面这样的输出，具体取决于你安装的版本：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
go version go1.16.7 linux/amd64
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Go 程序的基本编译和执行
|
||||
|
||||
我将从一个在屏幕上简单打印 “Hello World” 的 Go 程序示例开始，就像下面这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cat hello.go
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import "fmt"
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
fmt.Println("Hello World")
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在讨论更高级的选项之前，我将解释如何编译这个 Go 示例程序。我使用了 `build` 命令，后面跟着 Go 程序的源文件名，本例中是 `hello.go`，就像下面这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build hello.go
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果一切工作正常，你应该看到在你的当前目录下创建了一个名为 `hello` 的可执行文件。你可以通过使用 `file` 命令验证它是 ELF 二进制可执行格式（在 Linux 平台上）。你也可以直接执行它，你会看到它输出 “Hello World”。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ls
|
||||
hello hello.go
|
||||
|
||||
$ file ./hello
|
||||
./hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./hello
|
||||
Hello World
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Go 提供了一个方便的 `run` 命令，以便你只是想看看程序是否能正常工作，并获得预期的输出，而不想生成一个最终的二进制文件。请记住，即使你在当前目录中没有看到可执行文件，Go 仍然会在某个地方编译并生成可执行文件并运行它，然后把它从系统中删除。我将在本文后面的章节中解释。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go run hello.go
|
||||
Hello World
|
||||
|
||||
$ ls
|
||||
hello.go
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 更多细节
|
||||
|
||||
运行我的程序时，上面的命令使我如鱼得水，不费吹灰之力。然而，如果你想知道 Go 在编译这些程序的过程中做了什么，Go 提供了一个 `-x` 选项，它可以打印出 Go 为产生可执行文件所做的一切。
|
||||
|
||||
简单看一下你就会发现，Go 在 `/tmp` 内创建了一个临时工作目录，并生成了可执行文件，然后把它移到了 Go 源程序所在的当前目录。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build -x hello.go
|
||||
|
||||
WORK=/tmp/go-build1944767317
|
||||
mkdir -p $WORK/b001/
|
||||
|
||||
<< snip >>
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir -p $WORK/b001/exe/
|
||||
cd .
|
||||
/usr/lib/golang/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/link -o $WORK \
|
||||
/b001/exe/a.out -importcfg $WORK/b001 \
|
||||
/importcfg.link -buildmode=exe -buildid=K26hEYzgDkqJjx2Hf-wz/\
|
||||
nDueg0kBjIygx25rYwbK/W-eJaGIOdPEWgwC6o546 \
|
||||
/K26hEYzgDkqJjx2Hf-wz -extld=gcc /root/.cache/go-build /cc \
|
||||
/cc72cb2f4fbb61229885fc434995964a7a4d6e10692a23cc0ada6707c5d3435b-d
|
||||
/usr/lib/golang/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/buildid -w $WORK \
|
||||
/b001/exe/a.out # internal
|
||||
mv $WORK/b001/exe/a.out hello
|
||||
rm -r $WORK/b001/
|
||||
```
|
||||
这有助于解决程序运行后，在当前目录下没有生成可执行文件的问题。使用 `-x` 显示可执行文件确实在 `/tmp` 工作目录下创建并被执行。然而，与 `build` 命令不同的是，可执行文件并没有移动到当前目录，这使得看起来没有可执行文件被创建。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go run -x hello.go
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir -p $WORK/b001/exe/
|
||||
cd .
|
||||
/usr/lib/golang/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/link -o $WORK/b001 \
|
||||
/exe/hello -importcfg $WORK/b001/importcfg.link -s -w -buildmode=exe -buildid=hK3wnAP20DapUDeuvAAS/E_TzkbzwXz6tM5dEC8Mx \
|
||||
/7HYBzuaDGVdaZwSMEWAa/hK3wnAP20DapUDeuvAAS -extld=gcc \
|
||||
/root/.cache/go-build/75/ \
|
||||
7531fcf5e48444eed677bfc5cda1276a52b73c62ebac3aa99da3c4094fa57dc3-d
|
||||
$WORK/b001/exe/hello
|
||||
Hello World
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 模仿编译而不产生可执行文件
|
||||
|
||||
假设你不想编译程序并产生一个实际的二进制文件，但你确实想看到这个过程中的所有步骤。你可以通过使用 `-n` 这个构建选项来做到这一点，该选项会打印出通常的执行步骤，而不会实际创建二进制文件。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build -n hello.go
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 保存临时目录
|
||||
|
||||
很多工作都发生在 `/tmp` 工作目录中，一旦可执行文件被创建和运行，它就会被删除。但是如果你想看看哪些文件是在编译过程中创建的呢？Go 提供了一个 `-work` 选项，它可以在编译程序时使用。`-work` 选项除了运行程序外，还打印了工作目录的路径，但它并不会在这之后删除工作目录，所以你可以切换到该目录，检查在编译过程中创建的所有文件。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go run -work hello.go
|
||||
WORK=/tmp/go-build3209320645
|
||||
Hello World
|
||||
|
||||
$ find /tmp/go-build3209320645
|
||||
/tmp/go-build3209320645
|
||||
/tmp/go-build3209320645/b001
|
||||
/tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/importcfg.link
|
||||
/tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/exe
|
||||
/tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/exe/hello
|
||||
|
||||
$ /tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/exe/hello
|
||||
Hello World
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 其他编译选项
|
||||
|
||||
如果说，你想手动编译程序，而不是使用 Go 的 `build` 和 `run` 这两个方便的命令，最后得到一个可以直接由你的操作系统（这里指 Linux）运行的可执行文件。那么，你该怎么做呢？这个过程可以分为两部分：编译和链接。你可以使用 `tool` 选项来看看它是如何工作的。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，使用 `tool compile` 命令产生结果的 `ar` 归档文件，它包含了 `.o` 中间文件。接下来，对这个 `hello.o` 文件执行 `tool link` 命令，产生最终的可执行文件，然后你就可以运行它了。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go tool compile hello.go
|
||||
|
||||
$ file hello.o
|
||||
hello.o: current ar archive
|
||||
|
||||
$ ar t hello.o
|
||||
__.PKGDEF
|
||||
_go_.o
|
||||
|
||||
$ go tool link -o hello hello.o
|
||||
|
||||
$ file hello
|
||||
hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./hello
|
||||
Hello World
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想进一步查看基于 `hello.o` 文件产生可执行文件的链接过程，你可以使用 `-v` 选项，它会搜索每个 Go 可执行文件中包含的 `runtime.a` 文件。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go tool link -v -o hello hello.o
|
||||
HEADER = -H5 -T0x401000 -R0x1000
|
||||
searching for runtime.a in /usr/lib/golang/pkg/linux_amd64/runtime.a
|
||||
82052 symbols, 18774 reachable
|
||||
1 package symbols, 1106 hashed symbols, 77185 non-package symbols, 3760 external symbols
|
||||
81968 liveness data
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 交叉编译选项
|
||||
|
||||
现在我已经解释了 Go 程序的编译过程，接下来，我将演示 Go 如何通过在实际的 `build` 命令之前提供 `GOOS` 和 `GOARCH` 这两个环境变量，来允许你构建针对不同硬件架构和操作系统的可执行文件。
|
||||
|
||||
这有什么用呢？举个例子，你会发现为 ARM（arch64）架构制作的可执行文件不能在 Intel（x86_64）架构上运行，而且会产生一个 Exec 格式错误。
|
||||
|
||||
下面的这些选项使得生产跨平台的二进制文件变得小菜一碟：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build hello.go
|
||||
|
||||
$ file ./hello
|
||||
./hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, ARM aarch64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./hello
|
||||
bash: ./hello: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error
|
||||
|
||||
$ uname -m
|
||||
x86_64
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你可以阅读我之前的博文，了解更多我在 [使用 Go 进行交叉编译][3] 方面的经验。
|
||||
|
||||
### 查看底层汇编指令
|
||||
|
||||
源代码并不会直接转换为可执行文件，尽管它生成了一种中间汇编格式，然后最终被汇编为可执行文件。在 Go 中，这被映射为一种中间汇编格式，而不是底层硬件汇编指令。
|
||||
|
||||
要查看这个中间汇编格式，请在使用 `build` 命令时，提供 `-gcflags` 选项，后面跟着 `-S`。这个命令将会显示使用到的汇编指令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build -gcflags="-S" hello.go
|
||||
# command-line-arguments
|
||||
"".main STEXT size=138 args=0x0 locals=0x58 funcid=0x0
|
||||
0x0000 00000 (/test/hello.go:5) TEXT "".main(SB), ABIInternal, $88-0
|
||||
0x0000 00000 (/test/hello.go:5) MOVQ (TLS), CX
|
||||
0x0009 00009 (/test/hello.go:5) CMPQ SP, 16(CX)
|
||||
0x000d 00013 (/test/hello.go:5) PCDATA $0, $-2
|
||||
0x000d 00013 (/test/hello.go:5) JLS 128
|
||||
|
||||
<< snip >>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以使用 `objdump -s` 选项，来查看已经编译好的可执行程序的汇编指令，就像下面这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ls
|
||||
hello hello.go
|
||||
|
||||
$ go tool objdump -s main.main hello
|
||||
TEXT main.main(SB) /test/hello.go
|
||||
hello.go:5 0x4975a0 64488b0c25f8ffffff MOVQ FS:0xfffffff8, CX
|
||||
hello.go:5 0x4975a9 483b6110 CMPQ 0x10(CX), SP
|
||||
hello.go:5 0x4975ad 7671 JBE 0x497620
|
||||
hello.go:5 0x4975af 4883ec58 SUBQ $0x58, SP
|
||||
hello.go:6 0x4975d8 4889442448 MOVQ AX, 0x48(SP)
|
||||
|
||||
<< snip >>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 分离二进制文件以减少其大小
|
||||
|
||||
Go 的二进制文件通常比较大。例如, 一个简单的 Hello World 程序将会产生一个 1.9M 大小的二进制文件。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build hello.go
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ du -sh hello
|
||||
1.9M hello
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ file hello
|
||||
hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
为了减少生成的二进制文件的大小，你可以分离执行过程中不需要的信息。使用 `-ldflags` 和 `-s -w` 选项可以使生成的二进制文件略微变小为 1.3M。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go build -ldflags="-s -w" hello.go
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ du -sh hello
|
||||
1.3M hello
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ file hello
|
||||
hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
我希望这篇文章向你介绍了一些方便的 Go 编译选项，同时帮助了你更好地理解 Go 编译过程。关于构建过程的其他信息和其他有趣的选项，请参考 Go 命令帮助：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ go help build
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/go-build-options
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Gaurav Kamathe][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/gkamathe
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/build_structure_tech_program_code_construction.png
|
||||
[2]: https://go.dev/doc/install
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/21/1/go-cross-compiling
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "3-2-1 Backup plan with Fedora ARM server"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/3-2-1-backup-plan-with-fedora-arm-server/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Hanku Lee https://fedoramagazine.org/author/hankuoffroad/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "hwllife"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Fedora ARM 服务器来做 3-2-1 备份计划
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Photo by [Markus Winkler][2] on [Unsplash][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora 服务器版操作系统运行在类似树莓派的单板计算机 (SBC) 上。这篇文章针对用户想要充分利用实体服务器系统和类似 Cockpit 的内置工具进行数据备份和个人数据的恢复。这里描述了备份的 3 个阶段。
|
||||
|
||||
### 必要的准备
|
||||
|
||||
想要使用本指南，你所需要的是一个运行着的 Fedora Linux 工作站和以下的项目。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* 你应该阅读，理解和实践 Fedora 文档中 [服务器安装][4] 和[管理][5] 的要求
|
||||
* 一个为测试 Fedora Linux 的 SBC (单板计算机)。这里检查 [硬件状态][6]
|
||||
* [Fedora ARM][7] [服务器][7] 原生镜像 & ARM 镜像安装器
|
||||
* SD存储卡 (64 GB / Class 10) 和 SSD 设备两者选一个
|
||||
* 以太网 / DHCP 预留 IP 地址 或者 静态 IP 地址
|
||||
* 预备 ssh 密钥的 Linux 客户端工作站
|
||||
* 选择云存储服务
|
||||
* 有额外可用的 Linux 工作站
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
对于这种设置，在写这篇文章的时候，由于成本和可用性的原因，我选择树莓派 3B+/4B+ (其中一个用来热转换) 。当使用 Cockpit 远程连接树莓派服务器时，你可以将树莓派放到路由器附近以便有序设置。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 加强服务器的安全
|
||||
|
||||
在 SBC 完成服务器的安装和管理后，用 firewalld 加强服务器的安全是一个好的做法。
|
||||
|
||||
连接存储设备到服务器之前，一旦服务器在线你必须设置好防火墙。Firewalld 是基于区域的防火墙。在依照 Fedora 文档完成安装和管理指南之后，创建一个名为 ‘FedoraServer’ 的预定义区域。
|
||||
|
||||
#### firewalld 里的 rich 规则
|
||||
|
||||
Rich 规则用来阻止或者允许一个特定的 IP 地址或者地址段。下面这条规则只从有(客户端工作站)注册 IP 地址来接受 SSH 连接并断开其它的连接。在 Cockpit 终端或者客户端工作站终端运行命令通过 ssh 来连接到服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv4 source address=<registered_ip_address>/24 service name=ssh log prefix="SSH Logs" level="notice" accept'
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 拒绝所有主机的 ping 请求
|
||||
|
||||
使用这个命令来设置 icmp 拒绝并不允许 ping 请求
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule protocol value=icmp reject'
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
要进行额外的防火墙控制，比如管理端口和区域，请查阅以下链接。请注意错配防火墙可能会使安全出现漏洞受到攻击。
|
||||
|
||||
[Managing firewall in Cockpit][8]
|
||||
[firewalld rules][9]
|
||||
|
||||
### 为文件服务器配置存储
|
||||
|
||||
下一步是连接存储设备到 SBC 然后使用 Cockpit 对新插入的存储设备进行分区。使用 Cockpit 的图形化服务器管理界面，管理一个家庭实验室(可以是一个或者多个服务器)比之前更加简单。Fedora Linux 服务器提供 Cockpit 作为标准。
|
||||
|
||||
在这个阶段，一个通过 SBC 的 USB 插口接电的 SSD 设备在没有额外电源供给的情况下投入使用。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* 将存储设备连接到 SBC 的 USB 接口
|
||||
* 运行之后 (如必要的准备所设置的那样)，然后在你的客户端工作站浏览器上访问 **机器的 IP 地址:9090**
|
||||
* 登录进 Cockpit 之后，点击 Cockpit 页面顶部的‘打开管理访问权限’
|
||||
* 点击左边面板的 “存储” 按钮
|
||||
* 选择下面显示的 “驱动器” 然后分区并格式化一个空白的存储设备
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![Cockpit Storage management][10]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* 在选定的存储设备这个界面上，创建一个新的分区表或者格式化并创建新的分区。当初始化磁盘的时候，在 <ruby>“Partitioning”<rt>分区</rt></ruby> 类型选项上，选择 GPT 分区表
|
||||
* 选择一个文件系统类型，这里选择 ext4 。对于一个限制 I/O 能力 (比如 USB 2.0 接口) 和限制带宽 (小于 200MB/s) 的设备是适合的
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![Create a partition in Cockpit][11]
|
||||
|
||||
* 要在设备上创建单个占据整个存储空间的分区,指定它的挂载点，比如 “/media” 然后点击 “确定” 。
|
||||
* 点击 <ruby>“Create partition”<rt>创建分区</rt></ruby>, 创建一个挂载点为 “/media” 的新分区。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 创建备份和恢复备份
|
||||
|
||||
备份很少是一刀切的。这里有一些选择比如数据备份在哪里，备份数据的步骤，验证一些自动化，并决定怎样来恢复备份了的数据。
|
||||
|
||||
![Backup workflow – version 1.0][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 备份 1. 用 rsync 从客户端远程同步到文件服务器 <ruby>(Raspberry Pi)<rt>树莓派</rt></ruby>
|
||||
|
||||
这个传输用到的命令是：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
rsync -azP ~/source syncuser@host1:/destination
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
参数:
|
||||
-a, --archive
|
||||
-z, --compress
|
||||
-P, --progress
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
要运行 rsync 额外的传输，设置以下的标签：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
直接替换更新目标文档
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--inplace
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
追加数据到较短的文档中
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--append
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在将文档备份到存储空间之前，源端文档文件重复消除和压缩是减少备份数据容量最有效的方式。
|
||||
|
||||
每天结束我手动运行这个。一旦我设置了云备份工作流，自动化脚本是一个优势。
|
||||
|
||||
关于 rsync 的详细信息，请在 [这里][13] 访问 Fedora 杂志的文章。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 备份 2. 使用 rysnc 从文件服务器远程同步到主要的云存储上
|
||||
|
||||
选择云存储是考虑的因素；
|
||||
|
||||
* 成本：上传，存储空间和下载费用
|
||||
* 支持 rsync ，sftp
|
||||
* 数据冗余 (RAID 10 或者运行中的数据中心冗余计划)
|
||||
* 快照
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
符合这些云存储标准之一的就是 Hetzner 托管的 Nextcloud– [存储盒子][14]。你不受供应商限制，可以自由切换，无需退出处罚。
|
||||
|
||||
##### 在文件服务器上生成 SSH 密钥并创建授权密钥文件
|
||||
|
||||
使用 ssh-keygen 命令为文件服务器和云存储生成一对新的 SSH 密钥对。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
ssh-keygen
|
||||
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
|
||||
Enter file in which to save the key . . .
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
插入要求的 SSH 公钥到新的本地授权密钥文件中。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub >> storagebox_authorized_keys
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### 传输密钥文件到云存储
|
||||
|
||||
下一步就是上传生成了的授权密钥文件到存储盒子。要做这些，先用 700 权限创建 .ssh 目录，然后用 SSH 公钥创建授权文件并赋予 600 权限。运行以下命令。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
echo -e "mkdir .ssh \n chmod 700 .ssh \n put storagebox_authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys \n chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys" | sftp <username>@<username>.your-storagebox.de
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### 通过 ssh 使用 rsync
|
||||
|
||||
使用 rsync 同步你的文件目录当前状态到存储盒子。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
rsync --progress -e 'ssh -p23' --recursive <local_directory> <username>@<username>.your-storagebox.de:<target_directory>
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这个过程被叫做推送操作，因为它 “推送” 本地系统的一个目录到一个远程的系统中去。
|
||||
|
||||
##### 从云存储中恢复目录
|
||||
|
||||
要从存储盒子恢复目录，转换到这个目录：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
rsync --progress -e 'ssh -p23' --recursive <username>@<username>.your-storagebox.de:<remote_directory> <local_directory>
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 备份 3. 客户端备份到第二个云储存
|
||||
|
||||
[Deja Dup][15] 是 Fedora 软件仓库中为 Fedora 工作站提供快速备份解决方案的工具。它拥有 GPG 加密，计划任务，文件包含(哪个目录要备份)。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![Backing up to the secondary cloud][16]
|
||||
|
||||
![Restoring files from cloud storage][17]
|
||||
|
||||
### 归档个人数据
|
||||
|
||||
不是所有数据都需要 3-2-1 备份策略。这就是个人数据共享。我将一台拥有 1TB 硬盘的笔记本作为我个人数据的档案(家庭照片)。
|
||||
|
||||
转到设置中的 “共享” （在我的例子中是GNOME文件管理器）并切换滑块以启用共享。
|
||||
|
||||
![][18]
|
||||
|
||||
打开 “文件共享”，“网络” 和 “需要的密码”，允许你使用 WebDAV 协议在你的本地网络上分享你的公共文件夹给其它的工作站。
|
||||
|
||||
![][19]
|
||||
|
||||
### 准备回滚选项
|
||||
|
||||
未测试的备份并不比完全没有备份好。我在家庭实验室环境中使用 ‘热交换’ 方法来避免像频繁的断电或者液体损坏的情况发生。然而，我的建议远没有达到灾难恢复计划或企业 IT 中自动故障修复。
|
||||
|
||||
* 定期运行文件恢复操作
|
||||
* 备份 ssh/GPG 密钥 到一个额外的存储设备中
|
||||
* 复制一个 Fedora ARM 服务器的原生镜像到一个 SD 卡中
|
||||
* 在主云存储中保持全备份的快照
|
||||
* 自动化备份过程最小化减少人为错误或者疏忽
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 Cockpit 追踪活动并解决问题
|
||||
|
||||
当你的项目在成长时，你所管理的服务器数量也在增长。在 Cockpit 中追踪活动和警告可以减轻你的管理负担。你可以使用 Cockpit 的图形化界面的三种方法来归档这些。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### SELinux 菜单
|
||||
|
||||
怎样诊断网络问题，找到日志并在 Cockpit 中解决问题
|
||||
|
||||
* 去 SELinux 中检查日志
|
||||
* 检查“解决方案详细信息”
|
||||
* 当必要时，选择 “应用这个方案”
|
||||
* 如果必要，查看自动化脚本并运行它
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![SELinux logs][20]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 网络或者存储日志
|
||||
|
||||
服务器日志跟踪CPU负载、内存使用、网络活动和存储性能和系统日志关联的详细指标。日志被组织在网络面板或者存储面板里显示。
|
||||
|
||||
![Storage logs in Cockpit][21]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 软件更新
|
||||
|
||||
在预设的时间和频率下，Cockpit 帮助安全更新。当你需要时，你可以运行所有的更新。
|
||||
|
||||
![Software updates][22]
|
||||
|
||||
恭喜你在 Fedora ARM 服务器版本上设置了一个文件/备份服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/3-2-1-backup-plan-with-fedora-arm-server/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Hanku Lee][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/hankuoffroad/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/3-2-1_backup-816x345.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://unsplash.com/@markuswinkler?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|
||||
[3]: https://unsplash.com/s/photos/computer-backup?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|
||||
[4]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-server/server-installation-sbc/
|
||||
[5]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-server/sysadmin-postinstall/
|
||||
[6]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/raspberry-pi/
|
||||
[7]: https://arm.fedoraproject.org/
|
||||
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/managing-network-interfaces-and-firewalld-in-cockpit/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/firewalld-rules-and-scenarios
|
||||
[10]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screenshot-from-2022-03-29-22-05-00b-1024x576.png
|
||||
[11]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screenshot-from-2022-03-29-22-03-36a.png
|
||||
[12]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Backups3-1-1024x525.jpg
|
||||
[13]: https://fedoramagazine.org/copying-large-files-with-rsync-and-some-misconceptions/
|
||||
[14]: https://docs.hetzner.com/robot/storage-box/
|
||||
[15]: https://fedoramagazine.org/easy-backups-with-deja-dup/
|
||||
[16]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screenshot-from-2022-03-29-22-47-30.png
|
||||
[17]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screenshot-from-2022-03-29-22-41-57.png
|
||||
[18]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-14-20-48-49-1024x733.png
|
||||
[19]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-14-20-51-18st.png
|
||||
[20]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-02-11-24-30b-1024x441.png
|
||||
[21]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-04-21-47-06SL-1024x259.png
|
||||
[22]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-04-21-35-42b.png
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Nushell: Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/nushell/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Marco Carmona https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Nushell：让你更清楚地了解错误信息的跨平台 Shell
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
_**简介：** Nushell 是一个独特的 Shell，它提供易于阅读的错误信息并提供跨平台支持。在这里可以了解到更多关于它的信息。_
|
||||
|
||||
即使你对使用终端不感兴趣，Linux 终端也常常使一些繁重的工作变得更加轻松，并让你修复东西。因此，可以说，如果你知道自己在做什么，Linux 终端是相当强大的。
|
||||
|
||||
这也是事实！但是当你遇到错误时，问题就出现了。如果你没有足够的使用经验，你将不知道如何解决它。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然错误信息试图传达问题的最佳含义，但不是每个用户都能轻易理解修复。对于初学者来说，这通常需要进行一些研究。但是，如果错误能有更多的清晰度，用户就能更快地解决它。
|
||||
|
||||
不仅仅限于错误信息，例如，你在终端浏览文件时得到的输出结构，也不是最漂亮的。
|
||||
|
||||
![Terminal listing several files][1]
|
||||
|
||||
**你明白我的意思吗？**当然，当你有更多不同类型的文件时，这可能变得更加复杂。而且，你无法从基本的 ls 命令的输出中了解到文件的权限、组等。
|
||||
|
||||
这就是 Nushell 试图解决这个问题的地方。
|
||||
|
||||
### Nushell：一个默认提供用户友好输出的 Shell
|
||||
|
||||
![Nushell example screenshot][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Nushell 也被称为 Nu，它的理念和灵感来自于 [PowerShell][3]、函数式编程语言和现代 [CLI][4] 工具等项目。
|
||||
|
||||
让我给你举个例子，想象一下你只想列出类型与你主目录内的文件相同的输出，包括隐藏文件。那么，要实现这一点，只要输入下面的命令就可以了：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
ls -a | where type == 'file'
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![Listing only files with Nushell][5]
|
||||
|
||||
观察一下它的语法是多么清晰和简单。现在想象一下，用 Nushell 查找进程和名称 ID，它的状态，以及 CPU 或内存消耗是多么容易。**这是它魔法的一部分！**。
|
||||
|
||||
它尽力为你输入的命令提供用户友好的特定组织的输出。
|
||||
|
||||
### Nushell 的特点
|
||||
|
||||
![Error messages in Nu, one of its primary highlights][6]
|
||||
|
||||
根据现有的官方信息，它的一些最受欢迎的功能包括：
|
||||
|
||||
* **管道控制任何操作系统。**Nu 可以在 Linux、macOS 和 Windows 上工作。换句话说，作为一个灵活的跨平台 shell，具有现代感。
|
||||
* **一切都是数据。**Nu 管道使用结构化数据，所以你可以安全地选择、过滤和排序，每次都是同样的方式。
|
||||
* **强大的插件。**使用强大的插件系统，很容易扩展 Nu 的功能。
|
||||
* **容易阅读错误信息。**Nu 操作的是类型化的数据，所以它可以捕捉到其他 shell 所没有的 bug。当错误发生时，Nu 会告诉你确切的位置和原因。
|
||||
* 清晰的 IDE 支持。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看看它的[官方文档][7]，以全面了解它的功能和用法。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在你的系统中安装 Nushell
|
||||
|
||||
不幸的是，如果你是一个像我一样的 Ubuntu 用户，你将找不到安装 Nushell 的 apt 仓库。但是，你可以按照它在 [GitHub][8] 上的说明，通过安装所需的依赖项来构建它。
|
||||
|
||||
幸运的是，有一种方法可以在任何发行版上安装它，使用 **Homebrew**。到它的官方网站去探索更多的安装选项。
|
||||
|
||||
[Nushell][9]
|
||||
|
||||
你可以参考我们关于[在 Linux 上安装和使用 Homebrew 包管理器][10]的教程。当你在 Linux 上成功设置了它，你需要输入以下命令来安装 Nushell：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
brew install nushell
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![Installing nushell with Homebrew][11]
|
||||
|
||||
当这个过程完成后，只要输入 `nu` 就可以启动 Nushell shell。**这就完成了！**
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想把 Nushell 设置为你的默认 shell，你可以用命令 **chsh** 来做，但是记住，它仍然在开发中，这就是为什么我们不推荐它用于日常使用。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，在你决定尝试之前，你可以在其网站或 [GitHub 页面][8]上探索更多关于它的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
你对这个有趣的 shell 什么看法？请在下面的评论中告诉我你的想法。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/nushell/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Marco Carmona][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Terminal-with-several-files-800x477.png
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Nushell-example-800x475.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/microsoft-open-sources-powershell/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/gui-cli-tui/
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Listing-only-files-with-nushell-800x246.png
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Error-messages-in-Nu-800x259.png
|
||||
[7]: https://www.nushell.sh/book/
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/nushell/nushell
|
||||
[9]: https://www.nushell.sh/
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/homebrew-linux/
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Installing-nushell-with-brew-800x470.png
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Linux Mint Upgrade Tool – Here’s How it Works"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/mint-upgrade-tool/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Mint 升级工具 – 以下是它如何工作的
|
||||
======
|
||||
我们通过实际升级测试了 Linux Mint 升级工具（MINTUPGRADE GUI）。 这是我们发现的。
|
||||
|
||||
这个工具正在开发中，可能包含 bug。除非你想做实验，否则请不要在你的日常中使用它。
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux Mint 升级工具
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Mint 团队[宣布][1]，他们建立了一个新的工具来升级 Linux Mint 的重要版本。它被称为 “mintupgrade2”。它目前正在开发中，计划用于升级主要版本。例如，Linux Mint 20 到 21，而不是小版本的升级。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然你可以使用标准的 apt 命令来升级版本，然而，Mint 团队认为主要版本的升级是很棘手的。新用户很难进行无缝升级，因为它涉及到终端和一套复杂的命令步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，GUI 是 mintupgrade 程序的一个带有附加功能的封装，它带来了一套系统前检查和一键修复的升级过程。
|
||||
|
||||
除此之外，mintupgrade 还会检查你是否连接到电源，系统是否是最新的，磁盘空间的可用性和更多的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
为了让大家了解它的外观和工作情况，我们使用 LMDE 4 设置了一个测试平台并试一试。
|
||||
|
||||
但在这之前，这里有一组快速的功能：
|
||||
|
||||
* 完全由 GUI 驱动的升级过程
|
||||
* 多语言支持
|
||||
* 升级前检查：系统备份、电源、磁盘空间、删除的软件包列表
|
||||
* 可配置
|
||||
* 提醒你上一版本的无主软件包的情况
|
||||
* 它让你可以选择修复问题
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 它是如何工作的
|
||||
|
||||
当我们通过命令 mintupgrade 运行 mint 升级工具时，GUI，友好的欢迎屏幕给你一个很好的起点，开始了升级过程。然后它自己开始进行一系列的检查。
|
||||
|
||||
![Starting the upgrade process][2]
|
||||
|
||||
除此之外，当它在你的系统中发现一些问题时，它会停下来并给你足够的细节。当你点击修复后，它就可以再次恢复进程。
|
||||
|
||||
这还不是全部。如果由于网络或互联网或任何其他问题而中断，它也可以恢复升级过程。
|
||||
|
||||
在我们的测试过程中，该工具在我们的测试系统中发现了以下错误，只需点击一下就能修复它们。
|
||||
|
||||
![Apt Cache check][3]
|
||||
|
||||
![Mint Upgrade detects that system snapshots are not present][4]
|
||||
|
||||
![Check for Orphan Packages][5]
|
||||
|
||||
![Status before upgrade][6]
|
||||
|
||||
![Mint Upgrade can detect the packages that require a downgrade][7]
|
||||
|
||||
最后，我们成功地将一个测试系统从 LMDE 4 升级到 LMDE 5。
|
||||
|
||||
![Upgrade Complete][8]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 如何获得这个升级工具
|
||||
|
||||
使用下面的命令，该工具的安装很简单。但正如该团队所建议的，它现在处于 BETA 状态，所以不要用它来进行严肃的升级。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt update
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt install mintupgrade
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 结束语
|
||||
|
||||
最后，我认为这是 Linux Mint 团队的最好的工具之一。正如你在上面看到的，它自己处理了许多错误。我所做的只是点击“修复”按钮。而这个工具足够聪明，能够理解所有的故障点，并负责补救。
|
||||
|
||||
[mintupgrade 工具][9]将在 Linux Mint 21 “Vanessa” 发布前发布，大约在 2022 年第三季度末或第四季度初。
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
我们带来最新的技术、软件新闻和重要的东西。通过 [Telegram][10]、[Twitter][11]、[YouTube][12] 和 [Facebook][13] 保持联系，永远不会错过任何更新！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/mint-upgrade-tool/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/linux-mint-21-announcement/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Starting-the-upgrade-process.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Apt-Cache-check-1024x521.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Mint-Upgrade-detects-that-system-snapshots-not-present-1024x522.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Check-for-Orphan-Packages-1024x522.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Status-before-upgrade-1024x528.jpg
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Mint-Upgrade-can-detect-the-packages-require-downgrade-1024x612.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Upgrade-Complete-1024x612.jpg
|
||||
[9]: https://github.com/linuxmint/mintupgrade
|
||||
[10]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[11]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[12]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[13]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user