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Translating by Robsean
How To Resize Active/Primary root Partition Using GParted Utility
======
Today we are going to discuss about disk partition. It’s one of the best topics in Linux. This allow users to resize the active root partition in Linux.
In this article we will teach you how to resize the active root partition on Linux using Gparted utility.
Just imagine, our system has 30GB disk and we didn’t configure properly while installation the Ubuntu operating system.
We need to install another OS in that so we want to make secondary partition on that.
Its not advisable to resize active partition. However, we are going to perform this as there is no way to free up the system.
Make sure you should take backup of important data before performing this action because if something goes wrong (For example, if power got failure or your system got rebooted), you can retain your data.
### What Is Gparted
[GParted][1] is a free partition manager that enables you to resize, copy, and move partitions without data loss. We can use all of the features of the GParted application is by using the GParted Live bootable image. GParted Live enables you to use GParted on GNU/Linux as well as other operating systems, such as Windows or Mac OS X.
### 1) Check Disk Space Usage Using df Command
I just want to show you about my partition using df command. The df command output clearly showing that i only have one partition.
```
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 30G 3.4G 26.2G 16% /
none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev 487M 4.0K 487M 1% /dev
tmpfs 100M 844K 99M 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 498M 152K 497M 1% /run/shm
none 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user
```
### 2) Check Disk Partition Using fdisk Command
I’m going to verify this using fdisk command.
```
$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for daygeek:
Disk /dev/sda: 33.1 GB, 33129218048 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4027 cylinders, total 64705504 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000473a3
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 62609407 31303680 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 62611454 64704511 1046529 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 62611456 64704511 1046528 82 Linux swap / Solaris
```
### 3) Download GParted live ISO Image
Use the below command to download GParted live ISO to perform this action.
```
$ wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/gparted/gparted-live-0.31.0-1-amd64.iso
```
### 4) Boot Your System With GParted Live Installation Media
Boot your system with GParted live installation media (like Burned CD/DVD or USB or ISO image). You will get the output similar to below screen. Here choose **GParted Live (Default settings)** and hit **Enter**.
![][3]
### 5) Keyboard Selection
By default it chooses the second option, just hit **Enter**.
![][4]
### 6) Language Selection
By default it chooses **33** for US English, just hit **Enter**.
![][5]
### 7) Mode Selection (GUI or Command-Line)
By default it chooses **0** for GUI mode, just hit **Enter**.
![][6]
### 8) Loaded GParted Live Screen
Now, GParted live screen is loaded. It is showing the list of partition which was created by me earlier.
![][7]
### 9) How To Resize The root Partition
Choose the root partition you want to resize, only one partition is available here so i’m going to edit that partition to install another OS.
![][8]
To do so, press **Resize/Move** button to resize the partition.
![][9]
Here, enter the size which you want take out from this partition in first box. I’m going to claim **10GB** so, i added **10240MB** and leave rest of boxes as default, then hit **Resize/Move** button
![][10]
It will ask you once again to confirm to resize the partition because you are editing the live system partition, then hit **Ok**.
![][11]
It has been successfully shrink the partition from 30GB to 20GB. Also shows Unallocated disk space of 10GB.
![][12]
Finally click `Apply` button to perform remaining below operations.
![][13]
* **`e2fsck`** e2fsck is a file system check utility that automatically repair the file system for bad sectors, I/O errors related to HDD.
* **`resize2fs`** The resize2fs program will resize ext2, ext3, or ext4 file systems. It can be used to enlarge or shrink an unmounted file system located on device.
* **`e2image`** The e2image program will save critical ext2, ext3, or ext4 filesystem metadata located on device to a file specified by image-file.
**`e2fsck`** e2fsck is a file system check utility that automatically repair the file system for bad sectors, I/O errors related to HDD.
![][14]
**`resize2fs`** The resize2fs program will resize ext2, ext3, or ext4 file systems. It can be used to enlarge or shrink an unmounted file system located on device.
![][15]
**`e2image`** The e2image program will save critical ext2, ext3, or ext4 filesystem metadata located on device to a file specified by image-file.
![][16]
All the operation got completed and close the dialog box.
![][17]
Now, i could able to see **10GB** of Unallocated disk partition.
![][18]
Reboot the system to check this.
![][19]
### 10) Check Free Space
Login to the system back and use fdisk command to see the available space in the partition. Yes i could see **10GB** of Unallocated disk space on this partition.
```
$ sudo parted /dev/sda print free
[sudo] password for daygeek:
Model: ATA VBOX HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
32.3kB 10.7GB 10.7GB Free Space
1 10.7GB 32.2GB 21.5GB primary ext4 boot
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility/
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
[1]:https://gparted.org/
[2]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
[3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-1.png
[4]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-2.png
[5]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-3.png
[6]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-4.png
[7]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-5.png
[8]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-6.png
[9]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-7.png
[10]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-8.png
[11]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-9.png
[12]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-10.png
[13]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-11.png
[14]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-12.png
[15]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-13.png
[16]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-14.png
[17]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-15.png
[18]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-16.png
[19]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-17.png

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如何使用 GParted 实用工具重新调整活动/主要的 root 分区
======
今天，我们将讨论磁盘分区。这是在 Linux 中一个最好的主题。这允许用户来重新调整在 Linux 中的活动 root 分区。
在这篇文章中，我们将教你如何使用 Gparted 使用工具重新调整在 Linux 上的活动 root 分区。
想象，我们的系统仅有30 GB 磁盘，当我们安装 Ubuntu 操作系统时，并没有恰当地配置。
我们需要在其中安装另一个操作系统，因此我们想在其中制作第二个分区。
不建议重新调整活动分区。然而，我们将执行这个操作，因为没有其它方法来释放系统。
在执行这个动作前，确保你备份重要的数据，因为如果一些东西出错(例如，电源故障或你的系统重启)，你可以继续保留你的数据。
### Gparted 是什么
[GParted][1] 是一个自由的分区管理器，它使你能够重新调整大小，复制，和移动分区，而不丢失数据。通过使用 GParted Live 可启动镜像，我们可以使用 GParted 应用程序的所有特色。 GParted Live 使你能够在 GNU/Linux 以及其它的操作系统上使用 GParted ，例如，Windows 或 Mac OS X 。
### 1) 使用 df 命令检查磁盘空间利用率
我只是想使用 df 命令向你显示我的分区。 df 命令输出清楚地表明我仅有一个分区。
```
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 30G 3.4G 26.2G 16% /
none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev 487M 4.0K 487M 1% /dev
tmpfs 100M 844K 99M 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 498M 152K 497M 1% /run/shm
none 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user
```
### 2) 使用 fdisk 命令检查磁盘分区
我将使用 fdisk 命令验证这一点。
```
$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for daygeek:
Disk /dev/sda: 33.1 GB, 33129218048 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4027 cylinders, total 64705504 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000473a3
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 62609407 31303680 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 62611454 64704511 1046529 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 62611456 64704511 1046528 82 Linux swap / Solaris
```
### 3) 下载 GParted live ISO 镜像
使用下面的命令来执行下载 GParted live ISO 。
```
$ wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/gparted/gparted-live-0.31.0-1-amd64.iso
```
### 4) 使用 GParted Live 安装介质启动你的系统
使用 GParted Live 安装介质(像烧录的 CD/DVD 或 USB 或 ISO 镜像)启动你的系统。你将获得类似于下面屏幕的输出。在这里选择 **GParted Live (Default settings)** ，并敲击 **Enter** 按键。
![][3]
### 5) 键盘选择
默认情况下，它选择第二个选项，仅敲击 **Enter** 按键。
![][4]
### 6) 语言选择
默认情况下，它选择 **33** 美国英语，仅敲击 **Enter** 按键。
![][5]
### 7) 模式选择（图形用户界面或命令行)
默认情况下，它选择 **0** 图形用户界面模式，仅敲击 **Enter** 按键。
![][6]
### 8) 加载 GParted Live 屏幕
现在，GParted live 屏幕已经加载，它显示我以前创建的分区列表。
![][7]
### 9) 如何重新调整 root 分区大小
选择你想重新调整大小的 root 分区，在这里仅一个分区，所以我将编辑这个分区以便于安装另一个操作系统。
![][8]
为做到这一点，按下 **Resize/Move** 按钮来重新调整分区大小。
![][9]
现在，在第一个框中输入你想从这个分区中取出的大小。我将索要**10GB**，所以，我添加**10240MB**，并保留框的剩余部分为默认值，然后点击 **Resize/Move** 按钮。
![][10]
它将再次要求你确认重新调整分区的大小，因为你正在编辑活动的系统分区，然后点击 **Ok**。
![][11]
分区从 30GB 缩小到 20GB 已经成功。也显示 10GB 未分配的磁盘空间。
![][12]
最后点击 `Apply` 按钮来执行下面剩余的操作。
![][13]
* **`e2fsck`** e2fsck 是一个文件系统检查实用程序，自动修复文件系统中与 HDD 相关的坏扇道，I/O 错误。
* **`resize2fs`** resize2fs 程序将重新调整 ext2 ，ext3，或 ext4 文件系统的大小。它可以被用于扩大或缩小一个位于设备上的未挂载的文件系统。
* **`e2image`** e2image 程序将保存位于设备上的关键的 ext2 ，ext3 ，或 ext4 文件系统元数据到一个由镜像文件规定是文件中。
**`e2fsck`** 是一个文件系统检查实用程序，自动修复文件系统中与 HDD 相关的坏扇道，I/O 错误。
![][14]
**`resize2fs`** resize2fs 程序将重新调整 ext2 ，ext3，或 ext4 文件系统的大小。它可以被用于扩大或缩小一个位于设备上的未挂载的文件系统。
![][15]
**`e2image`** e2image 程序将保存位于设备上的关键的 ext2 ，ext3 ，或 ext4 文件系统元数据到一个由镜像文件规定是文件中。
![][16]
所有的操作完成，关闭对话框。
![][17]
现在，我们可以看到未分配的 **10GB** 磁盘分区。
![][18]
重启系统来检查这一结果。
![][19]
### 10) 检查剩余空间
重新登陆系统，并使用 fdisk 命令来查看在分区中可用的空间。是的，我可以看到这个分区上未分配的 **10GB** 磁盘空间。
```
$ sudo parted /dev/sda print free
[sudo] password for daygeek:
Model: ATA VBOX HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
32.3kB 10.7GB 10.7GB Free Space
1 10.7GB 32.2GB 21.5GB primary ext4 boot
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility/
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
[1]:https://gparted.org/
[2]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
[3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-1.png
[4]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-2.png
[5]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-3.png
[6]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-4.png
[7]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-5.png
[8]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-6.png
[9]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-7.png
[10]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-8.png
[11]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-9.png
[12]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-10.png
[13]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-11.png
[14]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-12.png
[15]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-13.png
[16]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-14.png
[17]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-15.png
[18]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-16.png
[19]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/how-to-resize-active-primary-root-partition-in-linux-using-gparted-utility-17.png