mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2026-08-26 04:13:30 +08:00
Lingxu Meng
GitHub
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
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[#]: publisher: ( )
|
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-10974-1.html)
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Unity Editor is Now Officially Available for Linux)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/unity-editor-linux/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
|
||||
@@ -10,59 +10,55 @@
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||||
Unity 编辑器现已正式面向 Linux 推出
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
如果你是设计师、开发者或艺术家，你可能一直在使用 Linux 上的实验性 [Unity 编辑器][1]。然而，实验性版本无法永远满足 - 开发者需要一个完整稳定的工作经验。
|
||||
如果你是设计师、开发者或艺术家，你可能一直在使用 Linux 上的实验性 [Unity 编辑器][1]。然而，不能一直用实验性版本 —— 开发者需要一个完整稳定的工作经验。
|
||||
|
||||
因此，他们最近宣布你可以在 Linux 上使用完整功能的 Unity 编辑器了。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然这是一个令人兴奋的消息，但它正式支持哪些 Linux 发行版？我们来谈谈更多细节......
|
||||
虽然这是一个令人兴奋的消息，但它正式支持哪些 Linux 发行版？我们来谈谈更多细节……
|
||||
|
||||
非 FOSS 警告
|
||||
> 非 FOSS 警告
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 上的 Unity 编辑器（或任何其他平台）不是开源软件。我们在这里介绍它是因为
|
||||
> Linux （或任何其他平台）上的 Unity 编辑器不是开源软件。我们在这里介绍它是因为：
|
||||
|
||||
### 官方支持 Ubuntu 和 CentOS 7
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
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||||
|
||||
无论你拥有个人许可还是专业许可，如果你安装了 Unity 2019.1 或更高版本，都可以使用编辑器。
|
||||
无论你拥有个人许可还是专业许可，如果你安装了 Unity 2019.1 或更高版本，都可以使用该编辑器。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，他们优先支持 Ubuntu 16.04、Ubuntu 18.04 和 CentOS 7。
|
||||
|
||||
在[公告][3]中，他们还提到了支持的配置：
|
||||
|
||||
* x86-64 架构
|
||||
* 运行在 X11 窗口系统之上的 Gnome 桌面环境
|
||||
* Nvidia 官方专有显卡驱动和 AMD Mesa 显卡驱动
|
||||
* 桌面计算机，在没有仿真或兼容层的设备/硬件上运行
|
||||
* x86-64 架构
|
||||
* 运行在 X11 窗口系统之上的 Gnome 桌面环境
|
||||
* Nvidia 官方专有显卡驱动和 AMD Mesa 显卡驱动
|
||||
* 桌面计算机，在没有仿真或兼容层的设备/硬件上运行
|
||||
|
||||
你可以尝试其他的 —— 但最好坚持官方要求以获得最佳体验。
|
||||
|
||||
> 关于第三方工具的说明
|
||||
|
||||
你可以尝试其他的 - 但最好坚持官方要求以获得最佳体验。
|
||||
> 如果你碰巧在某个项目中使用了任何第三方工具，那么必须单独检查它们是否支持。
|
||||
|
||||
关于第三方工具的说明
|
||||
### 如何在 Linux 上安装 Unity 编辑器
|
||||
|
||||
如果你碰巧在任何项目中使用了任何第三方工具，那么必须单独检查它们是否支持。
|
||||
现在你已经了解了，那么该如何安装？
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何在 Linux 上安装Unity 编辑器
|
||||
|
||||
现在你已经了解了它，那么该如何安装？
|
||||
|
||||
To install Unity, you will have to download and install the [Unity Hub][4].
|
||||
要安装 Unity，你需要下载并安装 [Unity Hub][4]。
|
||||
|
||||
![Unity Hub][5]
|
||||
|
||||
我们将引导你完成以下步骤：
|
||||
|
||||
* 从[官方论坛页面][4]下载适用于 Linux 的 Unity Hub。
|
||||
* 它将下载一个 AppImage 文件。简单地说，让它可执行并运行它。如果你不了解它，你应该查看关于[如何在 Linux 上使用 AppImage][6] 的指南。
|
||||
* 启动 Unity Hub 后，它会要求你使用 Unity ID 登录（或注册）以激活许可证。有关许可证生效的更多信息，请参阅他们的 [FAQ 页面][7]。
|
||||
* 使用 Unity ID 登录后，进入“**安装**”选项（如上图所示）并添加所需的版本/组件。
|
||||
你需要完成以下步骤：
|
||||
|
||||
* 从[官方论坛页面][4]下载适用于 Linux 的 Unity Hub。
|
||||
* 它将下载一个 AppImage 文件。简单地说，让它可执行并运行它。如果你不了解，你应该查看关于[如何在 Linux 上使用 AppImage][6] 的指南。
|
||||
* 启动 Unity Hub 后，它会要求你使用 Unity ID 登录（或注册）以激活许可证。有关许可证生效的更多信息，请参阅他们的 [FAQ 页面][7]。
|
||||
* 使用 Unity ID 登录后，进入 “Installs” 选项（如上图所示）并添加所需的版本/组件。
|
||||
|
||||
就是这些了。这就是获取并快速安装的最佳方法。
|
||||
|
||||
**总结**
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
即使这是一个令人兴奋的消息，但官方配置支持似乎并不广泛。如果你在 Linux 上使用它，请在[他们的 Linux 论坛帖子][9]上分享你的反馈和意见。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -77,7 +73,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/unity-editor-linux/
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,40 +1,42 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-10973-1.html)
|
||||
[#]: subject: (5 reasons to use Kubernetes)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/6/reasons-kubernetes)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Daniel Oh https://opensource.com/users/daniel-oh)
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Kubernetes 的 5 个理由
|
||||
======
|
||||
Kubernetes 解决了一些开发和运维团队每天关注的的常见问题。
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
[Kubernetes][2] 是企业事实上的开源容器编排工具。它提供了应用部署、扩展、容器管理和其他功能，使企业能够通过容错能力快速优化硬件资源利用率并延长生产环境运行时间。该项目最初由谷歌开发，并将该项目捐赠给[云原生计算基金会][3]。2018年，它成为第一个从 CNCF [毕业][4]的项目。
|
||||
> Kubernetes 解决了一些开发和运维团队每天关注的的常见问题。
|
||||
|
||||
这一切都很好，但它并不能解释为什么开发和运维应该在 Kubernetes 上投入宝贵的时间和精力。Kubernetes 之所以如此有用，是因为它有助于开发者和运维人员迅速解决他们每天都在努力解决的问题。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Kubernetes][2]（K8S）是面向企业的开源容器编排工具的事实标准。它提供了应用部署、扩展、容器管理和其他功能，使企业能够通过容错能力快速优化硬件资源利用率并延长生产环境运行时间。该项目最初由谷歌开发，并将该项目捐赠给[云原生计算基金会][3]（CNCF）。2018 年，它成为第一个从 CNCF [毕业][4]的项目。
|
||||
|
||||
这一切都很好，但它并不能解释为什么开发者和运维人员应该在 Kubernetes 上投入宝贵的时间和精力。Kubernetes 之所以如此有用，是因为它有助于开发者和运维人员迅速解决他们每天都在努力解决的问题。
|
||||
|
||||
以下是 Kubernetes 帮助开发者和运维人员解决他们最常见问题的五种能力。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1\. 厂商无关
|
||||
### 1、厂商无关
|
||||
|
||||
许多公有云提供商不仅提供托管 Kubernetes 服务，还提供许多基于这些服务构建的云产品，来用于本地应用容器编排。由于与供应商无关，使运营商能够轻松、安全地设计、构建和管理多云和混合云平台，而不会有供应商锁定的风险。Kubernetes 还消除了运维团队对复杂的多云/混合云战略的担忧。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2\. 服务发现
|
||||
### 2、服务发现
|
||||
|
||||
为了开发微服务应用，Java 开发人员必须控制服务可用性（就应用是否可以提供服务而言），并确保服务持续存在，而没有任何例外，以响应客户端的请求。Kubernetes 的[服务发现功能][5]意味着开发人员不再需要自己管理这些东西。
|
||||
为了开发微服务应用，Java 开发人员必须控制服务可用性（就应用是否可以提供服务而言），并确保服务持续存在，以响应客户端的请求，而没有任何例外。Kubernetes 的[服务发现功能][5]意味着开发人员不再需要自己管理这些东西。
|
||||
|
||||
### 3\. 触发
|
||||
### 3、触发
|
||||
|
||||
你的 DevOps 会如何在上千台虚拟机上部署多语言、云原生应用？理想情况下啊，开发和运维会在 bug 修复、功能增强、新功能、安全更新时触发部署。Kubernetes 的[部署功能][6]会自动化这个每日工作。更重要的时，它支持高级部署策略，例如[蓝绿部署和金丝雀部署][7]。
|
||||
你的 DevOps 会如何在上千台虚拟机上部署多语言、云原生应用？理想情况下，开发和运维会在 bug 修复、功能增强、新功能、安全更新时触发部署。Kubernetes 的[部署功能][6]会自动化这个日常工作。更重要的时，它支持高级部署策略，例如[蓝绿部署和金丝雀部署][7]。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4\. 可伸缩性
|
||||
### 4、可伸缩性
|
||||
|
||||
自动扩展是处理云环境中大量工作负载所需的关键功能。通过构建容器平台，你可以为终端用户提高系统可靠性。[Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler][8]（HPA）允许一个集群增加或减少应用程序（或 Pod）的数量，以应对峰值流量或性能峰值，从而减少对意外系统中断的担忧。
|
||||
|
||||
### 5\. 容错性
|
||||
### 5、容错性
|
||||
|
||||
在现代应用体系结构中，应考虑故障处理代码来控制意外错误并快速从中恢复。但是开发人员需要花费大量的时间和精力来模拟偶然的错误。Kubernetes 的 [ReplicaSet][9] 通过确保指定数量的 Pod 持续保持活动来帮助开发人员解决此问题。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/19/6/reasons-kubernetes
|
||||
作者：[Daniel Oh][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
Translating by Robsean
|
||||
How To Resize Active/Primary root Partition Using GParted Utility
|
||||
======
|
||||
Today we are going to discuss about disk partition. It’s one of the best topics in Linux. This allow users to resize the active root partition in Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,311 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (chen-ni)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (10 Places Where You Can Buy Linux Computers)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/get-linux-laptops/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
|
||||
|
||||
10 Places Where You Can Buy Linux Computers
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
_**Looking for Linux laptops? Here I list some online shops that either sell Linux computers or specialize only in Linux systems.**_
|
||||
|
||||
Almost all the computers (except Apple) sold these days come with Windows preinstalled on it. The standard procedure for Linux users is to buy such a computer and then either remove Windows and install Linux or [dual boot Linux with Windows][1].
|
||||
|
||||
But you don’t always have to go through Windows. You can buy Linux computers as well.
|
||||
|
||||
But why buy a computer preinstalled with Linux when you can easily install Linux on any computer? Here are some reasons:
|
||||
|
||||
* A computer with Windows always has an extra cost for the Windows license. You can avoid that.
|
||||
* Computers preinstalled with Linux are well-tested for hardware compatibility. You can be sure that your system will have WiFi and Bluetooth working instead of figuring these things on your own.
|
||||
* Buying Linux laptops and desktops supports Linux indirectly. More sale indicates that there is a demand for Linux products and thus more vendors may incline to provide Linux as a choice of operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you are looking to get a new Linux laptop, let me suggest you a few manufacturers and vendors that provide ready-to-use Linux systems.
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
### 10 places to buy Linux laptops and computers
|
||||
|
||||
A couple of disclaimer/information before you see the list of shops offering computers with Linux preloaded.
|
||||
|
||||
Please make a purchase on your own decision. I am simply listing the Linux computer sellers here, I cannot vouch for their product quality, after sale service or other such things.
|
||||
|
||||
This is not a ranking list. The items listed here are in no particular order. The numbers are used for the purpose of counting the items, not ranking them.
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s see from where you can get desktops and laptops with Linux preinstalled.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Dell
|
||||
|
||||
![Dell XPS Ubuntu | Image Credit: Lifehacker][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Dell has been offering Ubuntu laptops for several years now. Their flagship product XPS features a Developer Edition series that comes with Ubuntu preinstalled.
|
||||
|
||||
If you read my [review of Dell XPS Ubuntu edition][4], you know that I loved this laptop. It’s been more than two years and this laptop is still in great condition and performance has not deteriorated.
|
||||
|
||||
Dell XPS is an expensive device with a price tag of over $1000. If that’s out of your budget, Dell also has inexpensive offering in its Inspiron laptop range.
|
||||
|
||||
Do note that Dell doesn’t display the Ubuntu/Linux laptops on its website. Unless you already know that Linux laptops are offered by Dell, you wouldn’t be able to find them.
|
||||
|
||||
So, go to Dell’s website and enter Ubuntu in its search box to see the products that ship with Ubuntu Linux preinstalled.
|
||||
|
||||
**Availability** : Most part of the world.
|
||||
|
||||
[Dell][5]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. System76
|
||||
|
||||
[System76][6] is a prominent name in the Linux computers world. This US-based company specializes in high-end computing devices that run Linux. Their targeted user-base is software developers.
|
||||
|
||||
Initially, System76 used to offer Ubuntu on their machines. In 2017, they released their own Linux distribution [Pop!_OS][7] based on Ubuntu. Since then, Pop!_OS is the default OS on their machine with Ubuntu still available as a choice.
|
||||
|
||||
Apart from performance, System76 has put a great emphasis on the design of its computer. Their [Thelio desktop series][8] has a handcrafted wooden design.
|
||||
|
||||
![System76 Thelio Desktop][9]
|
||||
|
||||
You may check their Linux laptops offering [here][10]. They also offer [Linux-based mini PCs][11] and [servers][12].
|
||||
|
||||
Did I mention that System76 manufactures its computers in America instead of the obvious choice of China and Taiwan? The products are on the expensive side, perhaps for this reason.
|
||||
|
||||
**Availability** : USA and 60 other countries. Extra custom duty may be applicable outside the US. More info [here][13].
|
||||
|
||||
[System76][6]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Purism
|
||||
|
||||
Purism is a US-based company that takes pride in creating products and services that help you secure your data and privacy. That’s the reason why Purism calls itself a ‘Social Purpose Corporation’.
|
||||
|
||||
[][14]
|
||||
|
||||
Suggested read How To Use Google Drive In Linux
|
||||
|
||||
Purism started with a crowdfunding campaign for creating a high-end open source laptop with (almost) no proprietary software. The [successful $250,000 crowdfunding campaign][15] gave birth to [Librem 15][16] laptop in 2015.
|
||||
|
||||
![Purism Librem 13][17]
|
||||
|
||||
Later Purism released a 13″ version called [Librem 13][18]. Purism also created a Linux distribution [Pure OS][19] keeping privacy and security in mind.
|
||||
|
||||
[Pure OS can run on both desktop and mobile devices][20] and it is the default choice of operating system on its Librem laptops and [Librem 5 Linux phone][21].
|
||||
|
||||
Purism gets its components from China, Taiwan, Japan, and the United States and builds/assemble them in the US. All their devices have hardware kill switches to turn off the microphone/camera and wireless/bluetooth.
|
||||
|
||||
**Availability** : Worldwide with free international shipping. Custom duty may cost extra.
|
||||
|
||||
[Purism][22]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Slimbook
|
||||
|
||||
Slimbook is a Linux computer vendor based in Spain. Slimbook came to limelight after launching the [first KDE branded laptop][23].
|
||||
|
||||
Their offering is not limited to just KDE Neon. They offer Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Ubuntu MATE, Linux Mint and Spanish distributions like [Lliurex][24] and [Max][25]. You can also choose Windows at an additional cost or opt for no operating system at all.
|
||||
|
||||
Slimbook has a wide variety of Linux laptops, desktops and mini PCs available. An iMac like 24″ [curved monitor that has in-built CPU][26] is an awesome addition to their collection.
|
||||
|
||||
![Slimbook Kymera Aqua Liquid Cool Linux Computer][27]
|
||||
|
||||
Want a liquid cooled Linux computer? Slimbook’s [Kymera Aqua][28] is for you.
|
||||
|
||||
**Availability** : Worldwide but may cost extra in shipping and custom duty
|
||||
|
||||
[Slimbook][29]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. TUXEDO Computers
|
||||
|
||||
Another European candidate in this list of Linux computer vendors. [TUXEDO Computers][30] is based out of Germany and mainly focuses on German users and then European users.
|
||||
|
||||
TUXEDO Computers only uses Linux and the computers are ‘manufactured in Germany’ and come with 5 years of guarantee and lifetime support.
|
||||
|
||||
TUXEDO Computers has put up some real good effort in customizing its hardware to run on Linux. And if you ever run into trouble or want to start afresh, you have the system recovery option to restore factory settings automatically.
|
||||
|
||||
![Tuxedo Computers supports a wide variety of distributions][31]
|
||||
|
||||
TUXEDO Computers has a number of Linux laptops, desktops, mini-PCs available. They have both Intel and AMD processors. Apart from the computers, TUXEDO Computers also has a range of Linux supported accessories like docking stations, DVD/Blue-Ray burners, power bank and other peripheral devices.
|
||||
|
||||
**Availability** : Free shipping in Germany and Europe (for orders above 150 Euro). Extra shipping charges and custom duty for non-EU countries. More info [here][32].
|
||||
|
||||
[TUXEDO Computers][33]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. Vikings
|
||||
|
||||
[Vikings][34] is based in Germany (instead of Scandinavia :D). Certified by [Free Software Foundation][35], Vikings focuses exclusively on Libre-friendly hardware.
|
||||
|
||||
![Vikings’s products are certified by Free Software Foundation][36]
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux laptops and desktops by Vikings come with [coreboot][37] or [Libreboot][38] instead of proprietary boot systems like BIOS and UEFI. You can also buy [server hardware][39] running no proprietary software.
|
||||
|
||||
Vikings also has other accessories like router, docking station etc. The products are assembled in Germany.
|
||||
|
||||
**Availability** : Worldwide (except North Korea). Non-EU countries may charge custom duty. More information [here][40].
|
||||
|
||||
[Vikings][41]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. Ubuntushop.be
|
||||
|
||||
No! It’s not the official Ubuntu Shop even though it has Ubuntu in its name. Ubuntushop is based in Belgium and originally started selling computers installed with Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
Today, you can get laptops preloaded with Linux distributions like Mint, Manjaro, elementrayOS. You can also request a distribution of your choice to be installed on the system you buy.
|
||||
|
||||
![][42]
|
||||
|
||||
One unique thing about Ubuntushop is that all of its computers come with default Tails OS live option. So even if it has a Linux distribution installed for regular use, you can always choose to boot into the Tails OS (without live USB). [Tails OS][43] is a Debian based distribution that deletes all traces of its use after logging out and it uses Tor network by default.
|
||||
|
||||
[][44]
|
||||
|
||||
Suggested read Things to do After Installing Ubuntu 18.04 and 18.10
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike many other big players on this list, I feel that Ubuntushop is more of a ‘domestic operation’ where someone manually assembles your computer and installs Linux on it. But they have done quite some job on providing options like easy re-install, own cloud server etc.
|
||||
|
||||
Got an old PC, send it to them while buying a new Linux computer and they will send it back to you after installing [lightweight Linux][45] on it so that the old computer is recycled and can still be put to some use.
|
||||
|
||||
**Availability** : Belgium and rest of Europe.
|
||||
|
||||
[Ubuntushop.be][46]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. Minifree
|
||||
|
||||
[Minifree][47], short for Ministry of Freedom, is a company registered in England.
|
||||
|
||||
You can guess that Minifree focuses on the freedom. It provides secure and privacy-respcting computers that come with [Libreboot][38] instead of BIOS or UEFI.
|
||||
|
||||
Minifree devices are certified by [Free Software Foundation][48] which means that you can be sure that your computer adhere to guidelines and principals of Free and Open Source Software.
|
||||
|
||||
![][49]
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike many other Linux laptops vendors on this list, computers from Minifree are not super-expensive. You can get a Libreboot Linux laptop running [Trisquel GNU/Linux][50] from 200 euro.
|
||||
|
||||
Apart from laptops, Minifree also has a range of accessories like a Libre Router, tablet, docking station, batteries, keyboard, mouse etc.
|
||||
|
||||
If you care to run only 100% free software like [Richard Stallman][51], Minifree is for you.
|
||||
|
||||
**Availability** : Worldwide. Shipping information is available [here][52].
|
||||
|
||||
[Minifree][47]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9\. Entroware
|
||||
|
||||
[Entroware][53] is another UK-based vendor that specializes in Linux-based laptops, desktop and servers.
|
||||
|
||||
Like many others on the list, Entroware also has Ubuntu as its choice of Linux distribution. [Ubuntu MATE is also available as a choice on Entroware Linux laptops][54].
|
||||
|
||||
![][55]
|
||||
|
||||
Apart from laptops, desktop and servers, Entroware also has their [mini-PC Aura][56] and the iMac style [monitor with built-in CPU Ares][57].
|
||||
|
||||
Availability: UK, Ireland France, Germany, Italy, Spain
|
||||
|
||||
[Entroware][58]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10\. Juno Computers
|
||||
|
||||
This is a new Linux laptop vendor on our list. Juno Computers is also based in UK and offers computers preinstalled with Linux. elementary OS, Ubuntu and Solus OS are the choices of Linux distributions here.
|
||||
|
||||
Juno offers a range of laptops and a mini-PC called Olympia. Like almost all the mini-PCs offered by other vendors here, Olympia is also basically [Intel NUC][59].
|
||||
|
||||
The main highlight from Juno Computers is a low-cost Chromebook alternative, Juve that costs £299. It runs a dual-booted system with Solus/elementray with an Android-based desktop operating system, [Prime OS][60].
|
||||
|
||||
![Juve With Android-based Prime Os][61]
|
||||
|
||||
Availability: UK, USA, Canada, Mexico, Most part of South America and Europe, Australia, New Zealand, some part of Asia and Africa. More information [here][62].
|
||||
|
||||
[Juno Computers][63]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Honorable mentions
|
||||
|
||||
I have listed 10 places to get Linux computers but there are several other such shops available. I cannot include all of them in the main list and a couple of them seem to be out of stock for most products. However, I am going to mention them here so that you may check them on your own:
|
||||
|
||||
* [ZaReason][64]
|
||||
* [Libiquity][65]
|
||||
* [StationX][66]
|
||||
* [Linux Certified][67]
|
||||
* [Think Penguin][68]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Other mainstream computer manufacturers like Acer, Lenovo etc may also have some Linux systems in their catalog so you may check their products as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Have you ever bought a Linux computer? Where did you buy it? How’s your experience with it? Is it worth buying a Linux laptop? Do share your thoughts.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/get-linux-laptops/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/guide-install-linux-mint-16-dual-boot-windows/
|
||||
[2]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/buy-linux-laptops.jpeg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[3]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/dell-xps-ubuntu.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/dell-xps-13-ubuntu-review/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.dell.com
|
||||
[6]: https://system76.com/
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/pop-os-linux-review/
|
||||
[8]: https://system76.com/desktops
|
||||
[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/system76-thelio-desktop.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://system76.com/laptops
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/4-linux-based-mini-pc-buy-2015/
|
||||
[12]: https://system76.com/servers
|
||||
[13]: https://system76.com/shipping
|
||||
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/use-google-drive-linux/
|
||||
[15]: https://www.crowdsupply.com/purism/librem-15
|
||||
[16]: https://puri.sm/products/librem-15/
|
||||
[17]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/purism-librem-13.jpg?resize=800%2C471&ssl=1
|
||||
[18]: https://puri.sm/products/librem-13/
|
||||
[19]: https://www.pureos.net/
|
||||
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/pureos-convergence/
|
||||
[21]: https://itsfoss.com/librem-linux-phone/
|
||||
[22]: https://puri.sm/
|
||||
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/slimbook-kde/
|
||||
[24]: https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=lliurex
|
||||
[25]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAX_(operating_system)
|
||||
[26]: https://slimbook.es/en/aio-curve-all-in-one-for-gnu-linux
|
||||
[27]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Slimbook-Kymera-Aqua-Liquid-Cool-Linux-Computer.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[28]: https://slimbook.es/en/kymera-aqua-the-gnu-linux-computer-with-custom-water-cooling
|
||||
[29]: https://slimbook.es/en/
|
||||
[30]: https://www.tuxedocomputers.com/
|
||||
[31]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/tuxedo-computers.jpeg?resize=800%2C400&ssl=1
|
||||
[32]: https://www.tuxedocomputers.com/en/Shipping-Returns.tuxedo
|
||||
[33]: https://www.tuxedocomputers.com/en#
|
||||
[34]: https://store.vikings.net/index.php?route=common/home
|
||||
[35]: https://www.fsf.org
|
||||
[36]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/vikings-computer.jpeg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[37]: https://www.coreboot.org/
|
||||
[38]: https://libreboot.org/
|
||||
[39]: https://store.vikings.net/libre-friendly-hardware/the-server-1u
|
||||
[40]: https://store.vikings.net/index.php?route=information/information&information_id=8
|
||||
[41]: https://store.vikings.net/libre-friendly-hardware
|
||||
[42]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/manjarobook-by-ubuntushop.jpeg?ssl=1
|
||||
[43]: https://tails.boum.org/
|
||||
[44]: https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-18-04/
|
||||
[45]: https://itsfoss.com/lightweight-linux-beginners/
|
||||
[46]: https://www.ubuntushop.be/index.php/en/
|
||||
[47]: https://minifree.org/
|
||||
[48]: https://www.fsf.org/
|
||||
[49]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/minifree.jpg?resize=800%2C550&ssl=1
|
||||
[50]: https://trisquel.info/
|
||||
[51]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman
|
||||
[52]: https://minifree.org/shipping-costs/
|
||||
[53]: https://www.entroware.com/
|
||||
[54]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-mate-entroware/
|
||||
[55]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/entroware.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[56]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-entroware-aura-mini-pc/
|
||||
[57]: https://www.entroware.com/store/ares
|
||||
[58]: https://www.entroware.com/store/index.php?route=common/home
|
||||
[59]: https://www.amazon.com/Intel-NUC-Mainstream-Kit-NUC8i3BEH/dp/B07GX4X4PW?psc=1&SubscriptionId=AKIAJ3N3QBK3ZHDGU54Q&tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=xm2&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=B07GX4X4PW (Intel NUC)
|
||||
[60]: https://primeos.in/
|
||||
[61]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/juve-with-prime-os.jpeg?ssl=1
|
||||
[62]: https://junocomputers.com/shipping
|
||||
[63]: https://junocomputers.com/
|
||||
[64]: https://zareason.com/
|
||||
[65]: https://libiquity.com/
|
||||
[66]: https://stationx.rocks/
|
||||
[67]: https://www.linuxcertified.com/linux_laptops.html
|
||||
[68]: https://www.thinkpenguin.com/
|
||||
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (chen-ni)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (murphyzhao)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Expand And Unexpand Commands Tutorial With Examples)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/expand-and-unexpand-commands-tutorial-with-examples/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
|
||||
|
||||
Expand And Unexpand Commands Tutorial With Examples
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![Expand And Unexpand Commands Explained][1]
|
||||
|
||||
This guide explains two Linux commands namely **Expand** and **Unexpand** with practical examples. For those wondering, the Expand and Unexpand commands are used to replace TAB characters in files with SPACE characters and vice versa. There is also a command called “Expand” in MS-DOS, which is used to expand a compressed file. But the Linux Expand command simply converts the tabs to spaces. These two commands are part of **GNU coreutils** and written by **David MacKenzie**.
|
||||
|
||||
For the demonstration purpose, I will be using a text file named “ostechnix.txt” throughout this guide. All commands given below are tested in Arch Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
### Expand command examples
|
||||
|
||||
Like I already mentioned, the Expand command replaces TAB characters in a file with SPACE characters.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, let us convert tabs to spaces in the ostechnix.txt file and write the result to standard output using command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you don’t want to display the result in standard output, just upload it to another file like below.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand ostechnix.txt>output.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
We can also convert tabs to spaces, reading from standard input. To do so, just run “expand” command without mentioning the source file name:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Just type the text and hit ENTER to convert tabs to spaces. Press **CTRL+C** to quit.
|
||||
|
||||
If you do not want to convert tabs after non blanks, use **-i** flag like below.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand -i ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
We can also have tabs a certain number of characters apart, not 8 (the default value):
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand -t=5 ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can even mention multiple tab positions with comma separated like below.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand -t 5,10,15 ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Or,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand -t "5 10 15" ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
For more details, refer man pages.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ man expand
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Unexpand Command Examples
|
||||
|
||||
As you may have already guessed, the **Unexpand** command will do the opposite of the Expand command. I.e It will convert SPACE charatcers to TAB characters. Let me show you a few examples to learn how to use Unexpand command.
|
||||
|
||||
To convert blanks (spaces, of course) in a file to tabs and write the output to stdout, do:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to write the output in a file instead of just displaying it to stdout, use this command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand ostechnix.txt>output.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Convert blanks to tabs, reading from standard output:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
By default, Unexpand command will only convert the initial blanks. If you want to convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks, use **-a** flag:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand -a ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To convert only leading sequences of blanks (Please note that it overrides **-a** ):
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand --first-only ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Have tabs a certain number of characters apart, not **8** (enables **-a** ):
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand -t 5 ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Similarly, we can mention multiple tab positions with comma separated like below.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand -t 5,10,15 ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Or,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand -t "5 10 15" ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
For more details, refer man pages.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ man unexpand
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
**Suggested read:**
|
||||
|
||||
* [**The Fold Command Tutorial With Examples For Beginners**][2]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
When you working on large number of files, the Expand and Unexpand commands could be very helpful to replace unwanted TAB characters with SPACE characters and vice versa.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/expand-and-unexpand-commands-tutorial-with-examples/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[sk][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Expand-And-Unexpand-Commands-720x340.png
|
||||
[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/fold-command-tutorial-examples-beginners/
|
||||
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (murphyzhao)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,46 +1,46 @@
|
||||
Translanting by robsean
|
||||
BootISO – A Simple Bash Script To Securely Create A Bootable USB Device From ISO File
|
||||
BootISO – 一个简单的 Bash 脚本来安全地从 ISO 文件中创建一个可启动的 USB 设备
|
||||
======
|
||||
Most of us (including me) very often create a bootable USB device from ISO file for OS installation.
|
||||
为操作系统安装，我们中的大多数人(包括我)非常经常地从 ISO 文件中创建一个可启动的 USB 设备。
|
||||
|
||||
There are many applications freely available in Linux for this purpose. Even we wrote few of the utility in the past.
|
||||
为达到这个目的，在 Linux 中有很多自由可用的应用程序。甚至在过去我们写了几个实用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
Every one uses different application and each application has their own features and functionality.
|
||||
每个人使用不同的应用程序，每个应用程序有它们自己的特色和功能。
|
||||
|
||||
In that few of applications are belongs to CLI and few of them associated with GUI.
|
||||
在这些应用程序中，一些应用程序属于 CLI ，一些应用程序与 GUI 关联。
|
||||
|
||||
Today we are going to discuss about similar kind of utility called BootISO. It’s a simple bash script, which allow users to create a USB device from ISO file.
|
||||
今天，我们将讨论相同类型的称为 BootISO 的实用程序。它是一个简单的 bash 脚本，允许用户来从 ISO 文件中创建一个可启动的 USB 设备。
|
||||
|
||||
Many of the Linux admin uses dd command to create bootable ISO, which is one of the native and famous method but the same time, it’s one of the very dangerous command. So, be careful, when you performing any action with dd command.
|
||||
很多 Linux 管理员使用 dd 命令开创建可启动的 ISO ，它是一个本地的且著名的方法，但是与此同时，它也是一个非常危险的命令。因此，小心，当你执行一些带有 dd 命令的动作。
|
||||
|
||||
**Suggested Read :**
|
||||
**(#)** [Etcher – Easy way to Create a bootable USB drive & SD card from an ISO image][1]
|
||||
**(#)** [Create a bootable USB drive from an ISO image using dd command on Linux][2]
|
||||
**建议阅读：**
|
||||
**(#)** [Etcher – 简单的方法来从一个 ISO 镜像中创建一个可启动的 USB 驱动器 & SD 卡][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### What IS BootISO
|
||||
**(#)** [在 Linux 上使用 dd 命令来从一个 ISO 镜像中创建一个可启动的 USB 驱动器][2]
|
||||
|
||||
[BootIOS][3] is a simple bash script, which allow users to securely create a bootable USB device from one ISO file. It’s written in bash.
|
||||
### BootISO 是什么
|
||||
|
||||
It doesn’t offer any GUI but in the same time it has vast of options, which allow newbies to create a bootable USB device in Linux without any issues. Since it’s a intelligent tool that automatically choose if any USB device is connected on the system.
|
||||
[BootIOS][3] 是一个简单的 bash 脚本，允许用户来安全的从一个 ISO 文件中创建一个可启动的 USB 设备，它是用 bash 编写的。
|
||||
|
||||
It will print the list when the system has more than one USB device connected. When you choose manually another hard disk manually instead of USB, this will safely exit without writing anything on it.
|
||||
它不提供任何图形用户界面，但是与此同时，它有大量的选项，允许初学者在 Linux 上来创建一个可启动的 USB 设备，而没有任何问题。因为它是一个智能工具，自动地选择是否一些 USB 设备被连接到系统上。
|
||||
|
||||
This script will also check for dependencies and prompt user for installation, it works with all package managers such as apt-get, yum, dnf, pacman and zypper.
|
||||
当系统有多个 USB 设备连接，它将打印列表。当你手动选择另一个硬盘而不是 USB ，在这种情况下，它将安全地退出，而不在硬盘上写任何东西。
|
||||
|
||||
### BootISO Features
|
||||
这个脚本也将检查依赖关系，并提示用户安装，它与所有的软件包管理器一起工作，例如 apt-get，yum，dnf，pacman 和 zypper。
|
||||
|
||||
* It checks whether the selected ISO has the correct mime-type or not. If no then it exit.
|
||||
* BootISO will exit automatically, if you selected any other disks (local hard drive) except USB drives.
|
||||
* BootISO allow users to select the desired USB drives when you have more than one.
|
||||
* BootISO prompts the user for confirmation before erasing and paritioning USB device.
|
||||
* BootISO will handle any failure from a command properly and exit.
|
||||
* BootISO will call a cleanup routine on exit with trap.
|
||||
### BootISO 特色
|
||||
|
||||
* 它检查选择的 ISO 是否是正确的 mime 类型。如果不是，那么退出。.
|
||||
* 如果你选择除 USB 设备以外的任何其它的磁盘(本地硬盘)，BootISO 将自动地退出。
|
||||
* 当你有多个驱动器时，BootISO 允许用户选择想要的 USB 驱动器。
|
||||
* 在擦除和分区 USB 设备前，BootISO 提示用户确认。
|
||||
* BootISO 将正确地处理来自一个命令的任何失灵，并退出。
|
||||
* BootISO 在退出陷阱时将调用一个清理例行程序。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Install BootISO In Linux
|
||||
### 如果在 Linux 中安装 BootISO
|
||||
|
||||
There are few ways are available to install BootISO in Linux but i would advise users to install using the following method.
|
||||
在 Linux 中安装 BootISO 有几个可用的方法，但是，我建议用户使用下面的方法安装。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ curl -L https://git.io/bootiso -O
|
||||
$ chmod +x bootiso
|
||||
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ $ sudo mv bootiso /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once BootISO installed, run the following command to list the available USB devices.
|
||||
一旦 BootISO 已经安装，运行下面的命令来列出可用的 USB 设备。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ bootiso -l
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ sdd 1 32G running disk
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you have only one USB device, then simple run the following command to create a bootable USB device from ISO file.
|
||||
如果你仅有一个 USB 设备，那么简单地运行下面的命令来从一个 ISO 文件中创建一个可启动的 USB 设备。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ bootiso /path/to/iso file
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -85,37 +85,37 @@ You can safely remove it !
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Mention your device name, when you have more than one USB device using `--device` option.
|
||||
提到你的设备名称，当你有多个 USB 设备时，使用 `--device` 选项。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ bootiso -d /dev/sde /opt/iso_images/archlinux-2018.05.01-x86_64.iso
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
By default bootios uses `rsync` command to perform all the action and if you want to use `dd` command instead of, use the following format.
|
||||
默认情况下，BootISO 使用 `rsync` 命令来执行所有的动作，如果你想使用 `dd` 命令代替它，使用下面的格式。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ bootiso --dd -d /dev/sde /opt/iso_images/archlinux-2018.05.01-x86_64.iso
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to skip `mime-type` check, include the following option with bootios utility.
|
||||
如果你想跳过 `mime-type` 检查，BootISO 实用程序带有下面的选项。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ bootiso --no-mime-check -d /dev/sde /opt/iso_images/archlinux-2018.05.01-x86_64.iso
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Add the below option with bootios to skip user for confirmation before erasing and partitioning USB device.
|
||||
为 BootISO 添加下面的选项来跳过在擦除和分区 USB 设备前的用户确认。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ bootiso -y -d /dev/sde /opt/iso_images/archlinux-2018.05.01-x86_64.iso
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Enable autoselecting USB devices in conjunction with -y option.
|
||||
连同 -y 选项一起，启用自动选择 USB 设备。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ bootiso -y -a /opt/iso_images/archlinux-2018.05.01-x86_64.iso
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To know more all the available option for bootiso, run the following command.
|
||||
为知道更多全部可用的 BootISO 选项，运行下面的命令。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ bootiso -h
|
||||
Create a bootable USB from any ISO securely.
|
||||
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ via: https://www.2daygeek.com/bootiso-a-simple-bash-script-to-securely-create-a-
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (chen-ni)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (10 Places Where You Can Buy Linux Computers)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/get-linux-laptops/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
|
||||
|
||||
可以买到 Linux 电脑的 10 个地方
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
_**你在找 Linux 笔记本吗? 这里列出一些出售 Linux 电脑或者是专注于 Linux 系统的电商。**_
|
||||
|
||||
如今市面上几乎所有的电脑（苹果除外）都预装了 Windows 系统。Linux 使用者的惯常做法就是买一台这样的电脑，然后要么删除 Windows 系统并安装 Linux，要么[安装 Linux 和 Windows 的双系统][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
但 Windows 系统并非无法避免。你其实也可以买到 Linux 电脑。
|
||||
|
||||
不过，既然可以轻松地在任何一台电脑上安装 Linux，为什么还要买一台预装了 Linux 的电脑呢？下面列举几个原因：
|
||||
|
||||
* 预装 Windows 系统意味着你额外支付了 Windows 许可证的费用。你可以节省这笔开销。
|
||||
* 预装 Linux 的电脑都经过了硬件适配测试。你不需要担心系统无法正常运行 WiFi 或者蓝牙，也不再需要亲自去搞定这些事情了。
|
||||
* 购买 Linux 电脑相当于间接地支持了 Linux。更多的销售额可以反应出对 Linux 产品的需求，也就可能会有更多商家提供 Linux 作为一种可以选择的操作系统。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你正想买一台 Linux 的笔记本，不妨考虑一下我的建议。下面这些制造商或者商家都提供开箱即用的 Linux 系统。
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
### 可以买到 Linux 笔记本或者台式机的 10 个地方
|
||||
|
||||
在揭晓这个提供预装 Linux 电脑的商家的清单之前，需要先声明一下。
|
||||
|
||||
请根据你的独立决策购买。我在这里只是简单地列出一些售卖 Linux 电脑的商家，并不保证他们的产品质量，售后服务等等这些事情。
|
||||
|
||||
这也并不是一个排行榜。清单并不是按照某个特定次序排列的，每一项前面的数字只是为了方便计数，而并不代表名次。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们看看你可以在哪儿买到预装 Linux 的台式机或者笔记本吧。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. 戴尔
|
||||
|
||||
![戴尔 XPS Ubuntu | 图片所有权: Lifehacker][3]
|
||||
|
||||
戴尔提供 Ubuntu 笔记本已经有好几年了。他们的旗舰产品 XPS 系列的亮点之一就是预装了 Ubuntu 的开发者版本系列产品。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你读过我的 [戴尔 XPS Ubuntu 版本评测][4]就知道我是很喜欢这款笔记本的。两年多过去了，这个笔记本依然状况良好，没有性能恶化的迹象。
|
||||
|
||||
戴尔 XPS 是售价超过 1000 美元的昂贵设备。如果你的预算没有这么多，可以考虑戴尔更加亲民的 Inspiron 系列笔记本。
|
||||
|
||||
值得一提的是，戴尔并没有在它的官网上展示 Ubuntu 或者 Linux 笔记本产品。除非你知道戴尔提供 Linux 笔记本，你是不会找到它们的。
|
||||
|
||||
所以，去戴尔的官网上搜索关键字 “Ubuntu” 来获取预装 Ubuntu 的产品的信息吧。
|
||||
|
||||
**支持范围** : 世界上大部分地区。
|
||||
|
||||
[戴尔][5]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. System76
|
||||
|
||||
[System76][6] 是 Linux 计算机世界里的一个响亮的名字。这家总部设在美国的企业专注于运行 Linux 的高端技术设备。他们的目标用户群体是软件开发者。
|
||||
|
||||
最初，System76 在自己的机器上提供的是 Ubuntu 系统。2017 年，他们发布了属于自己的 Linux 发行版，基于 Ubuntu 的 [Pop!_OS][7]。从此以后，Pop!_OS 就是他们机器上的默认操作系统了，但是仍然保留了 Ubuntu 这个选择。
|
||||
|
||||
除了性能之外，System76 还格外重视设计。他们的 [Thelio 系列台式机][8] 采用纯手工木制设计。
|
||||
|
||||
![System76 Thelio 台式机][9]
|
||||
|
||||
你可以在 [这里][10] 查看他们提供的 Linux 笔记本。他们同时也提供 [基于 Linux 的迷你电脑][11] 和 [服务器][12]。
|
||||
|
||||
值得一提的是，System76 在美国制造他们的电脑，而没有使用中国大陆或者台湾这种常规的选择。也许是出于这个原因，他们产品的售价较为高昂。
|
||||
|
||||
**支持范围** : 美国以及其它 60 个国家。在美国境外可能会有额外的关税。更多信息见[这里][13].
|
||||
|
||||
[System76][6]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Purism
|
||||
|
||||
Purism 是一个总部设在美国的企业，以提供确保数据安全和隐私的产品和服务为荣。这就是为什么 Purism 称自己为 “效力社会的公司”。
|
||||
|
||||
[][14]
|
||||
|
||||
Purism 是从一个众筹项目开始的，该项目旨在创造一个几乎没有任何专有软件的高端开源笔记本。2015年，从这个 [成功的 25 万美元的众筹项目][15] 中诞生了 [Librem 15][16] 笔记本。
|
||||
|
||||
![Purism Librem 13][17]
|
||||
|
||||
后来 Purism 发布了一个 13 英寸的版本 [Librem 13][18]。Purism 还开发了一个自己的 Linux 发行版 [Pure OS][19]，该发行版非常注重隐私和安全问题。
|
||||
|
||||
[Pure OS 在台式设备和移动设备上都可以运行][20]，并且是 Librem 笔记本和[Librem 5 Linux 手机] 的默认操纵系统。
|
||||
|
||||
Purism 的零部件来自中国大陆、台湾、日本以及美国，并在美国完成组装。他们的所有设备都有可以用来关闭麦克风、摄像头、无线连接或者是蓝牙的硬件开关。
|
||||
|
||||
**支持范围** : 全世界范围国际免邮。可能需要支付额外的关税。
|
||||
|
||||
[Purism][22]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Slimbook
|
||||
|
||||
Slimbook 是一个总部设在西班牙的 Linux 电脑销售商. Slimbook 在发行了 [第一款 KDE 品牌笔记本][23]之后成为了人们关注的焦点。
|
||||
|
||||
他们的产品不仅限于KDE Neon。他们还提供 Ubuntu，Kubuntu，Ubuntu MATE，Linux Mint 以及包括 [Lliurex][24] 和 [Max][25]在内的西班牙发行版。您也可以选择 Windows（需要额外付费）或者不预装任何操作系统。
|
||||
|
||||
Slimbook 有众多 Linux 笔记本，台式机和迷你电脑可供选择。他们另外一个非常不错的产品是一个类似于 iMac 的 24 英寸 [拥有内置 CPU 的曲面显示屏][26]。
|
||||
|
||||
![Slimbook Kymera Aqua 水冷 Linux 电脑][27]
|
||||
|
||||
想要一台水冷 Linux 电脑吗？Slimbook 的 [Kymera Aqua][28] 是合适之选。
|
||||
|
||||
**支持范围** : 全世界范围，不过在邮费和关税上都可能产生额外费用。
|
||||
|
||||
[Slimbook][29]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. TUXEDO
|
||||
|
||||
作为这个 Linux 电脑销售商清单里的另一个欧洲成员，[TUXEDO][30] 总部设在德国，主要服务德国用户，其次是欧洲用户。
|
||||
|
||||
TUXEDO 只使用 Linux 系统，产品都是“德国制造”，并且提供 5 年保修和终身售后支持。
|
||||
|
||||
TUXEDO 在 Linux 系统的硬件适配上下了很大功夫。并且如果你遇到了麻烦或者是想从头开始，可以通过系统恢复选项，自动恢复出厂设置。
|
||||
|
||||
![Tuxedo 电脑支持众多发行版][31]
|
||||
|
||||
TUXEDO 有许多 Linux 笔记本、台式机和迷你电脑产品可供选择。他们还同时拥有 Intel 和 AMD 的处理器。 除了电脑，TUXEDO 还提供一系列 Linux 支持的附件，比如扩展坞、DVD和蓝光刻录机、移动电源以及其它外围设备。
|
||||
|
||||
**支持范围** : 150 欧元以上的订单在德国和欧洲范围内免邮。欧洲外国家会有额外的运费和关税。更多信息见 [这里][32].
|
||||
|
||||
[TUXEDO][33]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. Vikings
|
||||
|
||||
[Vikings][34] 的总部设在德国（而不是斯堪的纳维亚半岛，哈哈）。Vikings 拥有[自由软件基金会][35]的认证，专注于自由友好的硬件。
|
||||
|
||||
![Vikings 的产品经过了自由软件基金会认证][36]
|
||||
|
||||
Vikings 的 Linux 笔记本和台式机使用的是 [coreboot][37] 或者 [Libreboot][38]，而不是像 BIOS 和 UEFI 这样的专有启动系统。你还可以购买 [服务器硬件][39]，这款产品不运行任何专有软件。
|
||||
|
||||
Vikings 还有包括路由器、扩展坞等在内的其它配件。他们的产品都是在德国组装完成的。
|
||||
|
||||
**支持范围** : 全世界（除了朝鲜）。非欧洲国家可能会有额外关税费用。更多信息见[这里][40].
|
||||
|
||||
[Vikings][41]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. Ubuntushop.be
|
||||
|
||||
不！尽管名字里有Ubuntu，但这不是官方的 Ubuntu 商店。Ubuntushop 总部位于比利时，最初是销售安装了 Ubuntu 的电脑。
|
||||
|
||||
如今，你可以买到预装了包括 Mint、Manjaro、 elementrayOS 在内的 Linux 发行版的笔记本电脑。你还可以要求所购买的设备上安装你所选择的发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
![][42]
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntushop 的一个独特之处在于，它的所有电脑都带有默认的 Tails OS live 选项。即使你安装了某个其它的 Linux 发行版作为日常使用的系统，也随时可以选择启动到 Tails OS（不需要使用 live USB）。[Tails OS][43] 是一个基于 Debian 的发行版，它在用户注销后会删除所有使用痕迹，并且在默认情况下使用 Tor 网络。
|
||||
|
||||
[][44]
|
||||
|
||||
和此列表中的许多其他重要玩家不同，我觉得 Ubuntushop 所提供的更像是一种“家庭工艺”。商家手动组装一个电脑，安装 Linux 然后卖给你。不过他们也在一些可选项上下了功夫，比如说轻松的重装系统，拥有自己的云服务器等等。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以找一台旧电脑快递给他们，同时在他们的网站上买一台新的 Linux 电脑，他们就会在你的旧电脑上安装 [轻量级 Linux][45] 系统然后快递回来，这样你这台旧电脑就可以重新投入使用了。
|
||||
|
||||
**支持范围** : 比利时以及欧洲的其它地区。
|
||||
|
||||
[Ubuntushop.be][46]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. Minifree
|
||||
|
||||
[Minifree][47]，自由部门的缩写，是一家注册在英格兰的公司。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以猜到 Minifree 非常注重自由。他们提供安全以及注重隐私的电脑，预装 [Libreboot][38] 而不是 BIOS 或者 UEFI。
|
||||
|
||||
Minifree 的设备经过了 [自由软件基金会][48] 的认证，所以你可以放心买到的电脑都遵循了自由开源软件的指导规则。
|
||||
|
||||
![][49]
|
||||
|
||||
和这个清单中许多其它 Linux 笔记本销售商不同，Minifree 的电脑并不是特别贵。花 200 欧元就可以买到一台预装了 Libreboot 和 [Trisquel GNU/Linux][50] 的 Linux 电脑。
|
||||
|
||||
除了笔记本以外，Minifree 还有一系列的配件，比如 Libre 路由器、平板电、扩展坞、电池、键盘、鼠标等等。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你和 [Richard Stallman][51] 一样，希望只运行 100% 自由的软件的话，Minifree 就再适合不过了。
|
||||
|
||||
**支持范围** : 全世界。运费信息见 [这里][52]。
|
||||
|
||||
[Minifree][47]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9\. Entroware
|
||||
|
||||
[Entroware][53] 是另一个总部设在英国的销售商，专注基于 Linux 系统的笔记本、台式机和服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
和这个清单里的很多其它商家一样，Entroware 也选择 Ubuntu 作为 Linux 发行版。[Ubuntu MATE 也是 Entroware Linux 笔记本的一种可选系统][54].
|
||||
|
||||
![][55]
|
||||
|
||||
除了笔记本、台式机和服务器之外，Entroware 还拥有自己的 [迷你电脑 Aura][56]，以及一个 iMac 风格的[内置 CPU 的显示器 Ares][57].
|
||||
|
||||
支持范围: 英国、爱尔兰、法国、德国、意大利、西班牙。
|
||||
|
||||
[Entroware][58]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10\. Juno
|
||||
|
||||
这是我们清单上的一个新的 Linux 笔记本销售商。Juno 的总部同样设在英国，提供预装 Linux 的电脑。可选择的 Linux 发行版包括 elementary OS、Ubuntu 和 Solus OS。
|
||||
|
||||
Juno 提供一系列的笔记本，以及一款叫做 Olympia 迷你电脑。和列表里其它商家提供的大多数迷你电脑一样，Olympia 也基本上相当于一个 [Intel NUC][59]。
|
||||
|
||||
Juno 的主要特色是 Juve，一款售价 299 美元的 Chromebook 的低成本替代品。它运行一个双系统，包括 Solus 或者 elementray，以及一个基于安卓的电脑操作系统 [Prime OS][60]。
|
||||
|
||||
![Juve With Android-based Prime Os][61]
|
||||
|
||||
支持范围：英国、美国、加拿大、墨西哥、南美和欧洲的大部分地区、新西兰、亚洲和非洲的某些地区。更多信息见 [这里][62]。
|
||||
|
||||
[Juno Computers][63]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 荣誉奖
|
||||
|
||||
我列举了 10 个可以买到 Linux 电脑的地方，但其实还有一些其它类似的商店。清单里放不下这么多，并且它们其中的几个似乎大多数商品都缺货。不过我还是要在这里稍微提一下它们，方便你自己查找相关信息：
|
||||
|
||||
* [ZaReason][64]
|
||||
* [Libiquity][65]
|
||||
* [StationX][66]
|
||||
* [Linux Certified][67]
|
||||
* [Think Penguin][68]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
包括宏碁和联想在内的其它主流电脑生产商可能也有基于 Linux 系统的产品，所以你不妨也查看一下他们的产品目录吧。
|
||||
|
||||
你有没有买过一台 Linux 电脑？在哪儿买的？使用体验怎么样？Linux 笔记本值不值得买？分享一下你的想法吧。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/get-linux-laptops/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/chen-ni)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/guide-install-linux-mint-16-dual-boot-windows/
|
||||
[2]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/buy-linux-laptops.jpeg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[3]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/dell-xps-ubuntu.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/dell-xps-13-ubuntu-review/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.dell.com
|
||||
[6]: https://system76.com/
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/pop-os-linux-review/
|
||||
[8]: https://system76.com/desktops
|
||||
[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/system76-thelio-desktop.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://system76.com/laptops
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/4-linux-based-mini-pc-buy-2015/
|
||||
[12]: https://system76.com/servers
|
||||
[13]: https://system76.com/shipping
|
||||
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/use-google-drive-linux/
|
||||
[15]: https://www.crowdsupply.com/purism/librem-15
|
||||
[16]: https://puri.sm/products/librem-15/
|
||||
[17]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/purism-librem-13.jpg?resize=800%2C471&ssl=1
|
||||
[18]: https://puri.sm/products/librem-13/
|
||||
[19]: https://www.pureos.net/
|
||||
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/pureos-convergence/
|
||||
[21]: https://itsfoss.com/librem-linux-phone/
|
||||
[22]: https://puri.sm/
|
||||
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/slimbook-kde/
|
||||
[24]: https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=lliurex
|
||||
[25]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAX_(operating_system)
|
||||
[26]: https://slimbook.es/en/aio-curve-all-in-one-for-gnu-linux
|
||||
[27]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Slimbook-Kymera-Aqua-Liquid-Cool-Linux-Computer.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[28]: https://slimbook.es/en/kymera-aqua-the-gnu-linux-computer-with-custom-water-cooling
|
||||
[29]: https://slimbook.es/en/
|
||||
[30]: https://www.tuxedocomputers.com/
|
||||
[31]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/tuxedo-computers.jpeg?resize=800%2C400&ssl=1
|
||||
[32]: https://www.tuxedocomputers.com/en/Shipping-Returns.tuxedo
|
||||
[33]: https://www.tuxedocomputers.com/en#
|
||||
[34]: https://store.vikings.net/index.php?route=common/home
|
||||
[35]: https://www.fsf.org
|
||||
[36]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/vikings-computer.jpeg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[37]: https://www.coreboot.org/
|
||||
[38]: https://libreboot.org/
|
||||
[39]: https://store.vikings.net/libre-friendly-hardware/the-server-1u
|
||||
[40]: https://store.vikings.net/index.php?route=information/information&information_id=8
|
||||
[41]: https://store.vikings.net/libre-friendly-hardware
|
||||
[42]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/manjarobook-by-ubuntushop.jpeg?ssl=1
|
||||
[43]: https://tails.boum.org/
|
||||
[44]: https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-18-04/
|
||||
[45]: https://itsfoss.com/lightweight-linux-beginners/
|
||||
[46]: https://www.ubuntushop.be/index.php/en/
|
||||
[47]: https://minifree.org/
|
||||
[48]: https://www.fsf.org/
|
||||
[49]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/minifree.jpg?resize=800%2C550&ssl=1
|
||||
[50]: https://trisquel.info/
|
||||
[51]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman
|
||||
[52]: https://minifree.org/shipping-costs/
|
||||
[53]: https://www.entroware.com/
|
||||
[54]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-mate-entroware/
|
||||
[55]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/entroware.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[56]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-entroware-aura-mini-pc/
|
||||
[57]: https://www.entroware.com/store/ares
|
||||
[58]: https://www.entroware.com/store/index.php?route=common/home
|
||||
[59]: https://www.amazon.com/Intel-NUC-Mainstream-Kit-NUC8i3BEH/dp/B07GX4X4PW?psc=1&SubscriptionId=AKIAJ3N3QBK3ZHDGU54Q&tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=xm2&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=B07GX4X4PW (Intel NUC)
|
||||
[60]: https://primeos.in/
|
||||
[61]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/juve-with-prime-os.jpeg?ssl=1
|
||||
[62]: https://junocomputers.com/shipping
|
||||
[63]: https://junocomputers.com/
|
||||
[64]: https://zareason.com/
|
||||
[65]: https://libiquity.com/
|
||||
[66]: https://stationx.rocks/
|
||||
[67]: https://www.linuxcertified.com/linux_laptops.html
|
||||
[68]: https://www.thinkpenguin.com/
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Expand And Unexpand Commands Tutorial With Examples)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/expand-and-unexpand-commands-tutorial-with-examples/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
|
||||
|
||||
expand 与 unexpand 命令教程与示例
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![Expand And Unexpand Commands Explained][1]
|
||||
|
||||
本指南通过实际的例子解释两个 Linux 命令，即 **expand** 和 **unexpand**。对于好奇的人，expand 和 unexpand 命令用于将文件中的 TAB 字符替换为空格，反之亦然。在 MS-DOS 中也有一个名为 “expand” 的命令，它用于解压压缩文件。但 Linux expand 命令只是将 tab 转换为空格。这两个命令是 **GNU coreutils** 的一部分，由 **David MacKenzie** 编写。
|
||||
|
||||
为了演示，我将在本文使用名为 “ostechnix.txt” 的文本文件。下面给出的所有命令都在 Arch Linux 中进行测试。
|
||||
|
||||
### expand 命令示例
|
||||
|
||||
与我之前提到的一样，expand 命令使用空格替换文件中的 TAB 字符。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，让我们将ostechnix.txt 中的 tab 转换为空格，并将结果写入标准输出：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不想在标准输出中显示结果，只需将其写入另一个文件，如下所示。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand ostechnix.txt>output.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我们还可以将标准输入中的 tab 转换为空格。为此，只需运行 “expand” 命令而不带文件名：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
只需输入文本并按回车键就能将 tab 转换为空格。按 **CTRL+C** 退出。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不想在非空白符后转换 tab，请使用 **-i** 标记，如下所示。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand -i ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我们还可以设置每个 tab 为指定数字的宽度，而不是 8（默认值）。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand -t=5 ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我们甚至可以使用逗号分隔指定多个 tab 位置，如下所示
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand -t 5,10,15 ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者，
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ expand -t "5 10 15" ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
有关更多详细信息，请参阅手册页。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ man expand
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### unexpand 命令示例
|
||||
|
||||
正如你可能已经猜到的那样，**unexpand** 命令将执行与 expand 命令相反的操作。即它会将空格转换为 TAB。让我向你展示一些例子，以了解如何使用 unexpand 命令。
|
||||
|
||||
要将文件中的空白（当然是空格）转换为 tab 并将输出写入标准输出，请执行以下操作：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果要将输出写入文件而不是仅将其显示到标准输出，请使用以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand ostechnix.txt>output.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
从标准输出读取内容，将空格转换为制表符：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，unexpand 命令仅转换初始的空格。如果你想转换所有空格而不是只是初始空格，请使用 **-a** 标志：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand -a ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
仅转换开头的空白（请注意它会覆盖 **-a**）：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand --first-only ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使多少个空格替换成一个 tab，而不是 **8**（启用 **-a** ）：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand -t 5 ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
相似地，我们可以使用逗号分隔指定多个tab的位置。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand -t 5,10,15 ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者，
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unexpand -t "5 10 15" ostechnix.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
有关更多详细信息，请参阅手册页。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ man unexpand
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在处理大量文件时，expand 和 unexpand 命令对于用空格替换不需要的 TAB 时非常有用，反之亦然。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/expand-and-unexpand-commands-tutorial-with-examples/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[sk][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Expand-And-Unexpand-Commands-720x340.png
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user